Do-it-yourself boiler room in a wooden house. Boiler room in a private house: strict design rules and room for engineering solutions

Competent design of engineering systems in full compliance with building codes and regulations is not only a guarantee of a comfortable temperature in a private house even in the most severe winters, but also protects you from various breakdowns and accidents, including those dangerous to life and property. In addition, correct and hot water supply will save you in the future from problems with acceptance, checks, approvals and other bureaucratic procedures. The most important component of engineering systems is a boiler room in a private house - about the selection of equipment for it and complete installation schemes, which ones to choose, you can get basic information here, in this article.

Boiler room in a private house - selection of equipment, complete installation diagram

Boiler room in a private house - main types

There is no single boiler house design that is mandatory for all private houses - the size, location and parameters of the room can have significant differences. They depend on the goals and objectives set for the heating equipment, the size of the cottage that needs to be heated, the budget allocated for the construction, and the personal preferences of the owner of the land plot. Based on the location, we distinguish four types of boiler room in a private house. , you can read in our article.

Interesting! For a gas or solid fuel boiler room in a separate room of the house or an extension to it, the term "furnace" is often used.

List of equipment required for a boiler room in a private house

In addition to the room itself, the most important component of the boiler room is the equipment located in it. Not only the functionality, power and durability of the heating system depends on its competent selection, but also its safety for your health, life and property. To begin with, we give a list of equipment for a boiler room in a private house.

Table. Boiler room for a cottage - the necessary equipment.

Name of equipment	Function performed
	The basis of the heating and hot water supply system. By burning gas, wood, coal, pellets or by electricity, it heats the coolant, which is ordinary water.
	A device that heats water used for domestic needs - for a shower, washing dishes and more.
	The tank into which water enters, displaced by the heating system when the temperature rises. With it, pipes and radiators are protected from a sudden increase in pressure, due to which a breakthrough can occur.
	A container containing water or other heat carrier. It collects "excess heat" generated by the boiler and transfers it to the heating radiators in severe frosts.
	Engineering communications designed to remove combustion products from the heating boiler.
	A device that evenly distributes the coolant over all radiators. Without it, maintaining the same comfortable temperature in all rooms is extremely difficult.
	A device used in a heating system with forced circulation of the coolant. Provides the required line pressure.
	A set of devices that record the temperature and pressure in the boiler, boiler and mains, as well as monitor the concentration of hazardous substances in the boiler room air.
	Various taps and valves required to control the flow of the heating medium in the heating system.
	The main element of the heating system - from the boiler and the collector, the coolant flows through them to the radiators.
	A set of sensors and equipment used to maintain a user-specified temperature and pressure in the system.
	A device that purifies water before entering the heating boiler and heating system mains.

In the following sections of the article, the nuances of the selection and placement of the most important equipment for the boiler room from the table above will be considered. "P , You can read in our article. "

Heating boiler - installation diagram

Let's start with the heating boiler - the "heart" of the heating and hot water supply system in most country houses. As an introduction, we will give a classification of the layout and connection of heaters.

Let's start with the first - by their location they are divided into two types:

wall-mounted;
outdoor.

As the name implies, heaters of the first type are placed directly on the wall of a residential building. In most cases, such devices also include a pump, a distribution manifold, sensors and other equipment. From the user's point of view, this design is extremely convenient - everything in one place and for one price. In addition, the wall-mounted boiler is perfectly installed in the kitchen or in the corridor, does not take up much space and does not require the arrangement of a long and complex chimney - the combustion products can be removed through a short pipe placed in the wall directly behind the heater.

But, like any complex device, the wall-mounted boiler has its drawbacks. The first is the high complexity of the entire system - a large amount of equipment is placed in a small volume. And it has a high probability of breakage, especially with illiterate installation and improper operation. The second disadvantage of wall-mounted heating boilers is their relatively low power. By virtue of its design, such a device is unable to provide the amount of heat that would be sufficient to heat a very large country cottage. But for small houses in villages or in the private sector, a wall-mounted heating boiler will be just right.

Floor-standing devices have opposite advantages and disadvantages. They are powerful enough for even the largest buildings. In addition, floor standing heating boilers are designed for maximum reliability, even at the expense of size and quiet operation. At the same time, it is better for them to take a separate room, called a furnace, or build their own boiler room. Also, floor-standing heating boilers will require a chimney and a whole set of equipment necessary for the delivery of the coolant to the radiators and the reliable operation of the entire system.

As for the schemes for connecting the lines to the heater, they are classified according to the way the liquid circulates in it (it can be natural or forced). In the first case, the coolant moves in the pipes due to the difference in density and temperature. Arrangement of a heating system with natural circulation of water saves on pumps, but the total length of the mains is limited to 30 meters.

Important! With the natural circulation of the coolant from the boiler to the radiators, all pipes must be installed at an angle. Some owners of country houses consider this a disadvantage - inclined highways do not look the best in terms of aesthetics.

Connecting a heating system with forced circulation of the coolant has exactly the opposite advantages and disadvantages. Of the advantages, it should be noted that the length of the lines does not have any restrictions, in addition, the pipes themselves can be laid as you find convenient and beautiful. Also, the system itself will maintain a constant and high fluid pressure. But for all this, it is necessary to purchase a set of pumps, which, in addition to their cost, will require electricity for operation.

Another sign by which the heating boiler connection diagrams are classified is the method of laying the supply and discharge pipes. According to this characteristic, heating systems are divided into one-pipe and two-pipe. In the first case, the supply and discharge lines are represented by one pipe - the coolant from the boiler is passed sequentially through all radiators. In this case, the owner of the house will gain in the cost of the entire system, but lose in the quality of its functioning - the batteries closest to the furnace room will be excessively hot, and the farthest, on the contrary, will be cold.

Important! Another problem with the standard one-pipe system is the inability to regulate the temperature in the radiators. This defect is eliminated when installing the heating system according to. You can see its device in the image below.

The two-pipe circuit for connecting the lines to the heating boiler ensures uniform distribution of the coolant over the radiators and the ability to adjust the power of each individual battery. But at the same time, the owner of a private house will have to invest more funds and efforts on laying engineering communications at the stage of construction or repair.

In turn, the two-pipe scheme is subdivided into the following subspecies:

vertical with top wiring;
vertical with bottom wiring;
horizontal dead-end;
horizontal passing;
horizontal beam.

The very process of arranging a boiler room in a private house can be presented in the form of step-by-step instructions.

Step 1. Independently or in the design organization, a diagram of the installation and location of the boiler, boiler, expansion tank, other equipment and highways is drawn up.

Step 2. The project is being coordinated with various inspection organizations, including the regional gas service.

Step 3. A chimney is laid in a building or room allocated for a boiler room.

Step 4. After the chimney, the rest of the engineering networks are laid - sewerage, electrical wiring, supply and discharge lines of the heating system, gas and water supply, ventilation.

Step 5. In accordance with the requirements of SNiP and the gas service of your region, the boiler room is finished with non-combustible materials.

Step 6. The boiler, boiler and expansion tank are installed and connected.

Heating boiler prices

boiler

Gas fired boiler - installation requirements

Heating boilers that generate heat by burning gas are widely used today. This is largely due to the availability and low cost of fuel for them. But at the same time, such heat generators have one serious problem - if improperly installed and operated, there is a risk of fire or even explosion. Therefore, the installation of gas heating boilers requires taking into account many fairly strict standards. Without their observance, the heaters will not pass the acceptance of the relevant organizations. Are you planning to equip a gas boiler room in your cottage? Then be sure to check out this section of the article. Here we have collected the basic regulatory requirements for the installation of gas heating boilers. They are represented by three lists. The first refers to heaters installed in the kitchen or hallway, the second - for those devices that are located in a specially designated room in the house. The last list contains the requirements for the boiler room as a separate building from the housing.

It is possible to install a gas heating boiler in the kitchen or in the corridor when the power of the unit is less than 60 kW. The requirements for its placement are as follows.

If a gas heat generator has a power of over 60 kW, but less than 350, then it cannot be placed in the kitchen or in the corridor (and given the dimensions of all equipment and the noise produced, it will also be uncomfortable). There is a need for the arrangement of the furnace - a separate room where the boiler, boiler, collector and everything else will be located. Of course, such a boiler room for a private house must meet a set of requirements.

Advice! Regardless of the place where the boiler is installed, be sure to equip it with a sensor that responds to increased gas concentrations in the room.

For boilers with a capacity of 350 kW or more, a separate boiler house is required. When equipping it, be sure to pay attention to the insulation of hot water pipes coming from this building to the main house - this way you will reduce heat losses and save fuel and money. As for the requirements for a separate gas boiler room for a private house, they are as follows.

The boiler room has its own separate foundation.
Walls should be made of material with high resistance to combustion.
The interior finishing of floors, walls and ceilings must be non-combustible.
The presence of a window and a window is required.
The width of the door to the boiler room is not less than 0.8 m.
The electrical wiring in the boiler room must be protected against ignition and sparking.
Under a floor-standing gas boiler, a substrate with a height of 15 to 25 cm must be present.In its length and width, it should protrude at least 10 cm beyond the edges of the unit.
The requirements for the volume and height of the boiler room are the same as in the previous lists.

The development of individual housing construction has brought to the fore the question of what a boiler room should be in a private house.

First of all, at the design stage, the owner of a private house formulates the requirements for the technical characteristics of the heat source.

The issue of ventilation is also acute.

The power of the heat generator must be sufficient to heat the entire house.

Equipment and all necessary communications are installed and laid in accordance with the requirements of SNiP.

It is allowed to carry out the installation of the heating system with your own hands, provided that there is sufficient skill in performing similar work.

Room requirements

When developing a project for a private house, you need to pay special attention to three components - the foundation, the roof and the heating system.

The heating system diagram includes an energy source, a heating device and a pipeline.

A boiler room is a special room in which heating equipment is located.

By their location, they are divided into the following types:

freestanding;
attached;
built-in.

The minimum dimensions of the boiler room are determined by the design of the boiler and the type of fuel for which it is intended. The requirements for the premises are clearly spelled out in the SNiP.

The development of a project and design for heating a private house presupposes exact knowledge of what standards and tolerances apply when the boiler room is being installed.

When piping the boiler, the equipment must be at least 50 cm away from the wall. A convenient approach is being arranged to the premises.

The walls should be either brick or concrete. The floor must also be concrete. For greater safety, you can lay a metal sheet on it.

When the owner of the house does not have the opportunity to equip a special room, you can install a mini boiler room. Such a mini boiler room is placed in a compact container without windows.

It is important to note that a mini boiler room can be installed in the courtyard of a private house. Installation and connection to the laid communications takes a minimum of time.

The photo shows a mini boiler room for heating a private house. A clear advantage of this solution is that you do not have to build and equip a special room.

No need to design a boiler room, no need to think about how to make ventilation correctly, since all the necessary equipment is collected in a mini container.

However, the high cost of such a module limits its use.

Practice shows that it is possible to purchase equipment in parts and mount it in the basement of a private house for a much lower amount.

Only two boilers can be installed in a detached building or in the basement of a private house. The area of \u200b\u200bthe room is calculated according to the standards contained in SNiP.

The minimum room height must be at least two and a half meters, and the area must be 6 square meters. m. The minimum volume of the boiler room must be at least 15 m 3.

The door in the boiler room is installed in such a way that it opens outward. The door must be sheathed with metal sheet or other non-combustible material.

It is necessary to provide for the installation of a window. This window must have a vent for ventilation. Ventilation in the boiler room of a private house performs an important function - the safety of the boiler room operation.

It is very important that fire safety requirements are observed when arranging the boiler room. It is not allowed to store foreign things and objects, especially those with the ability to burn.

Supply ventilation and extraction ensure fresh air intake and removal of stagnant air.

It is especially important to ensure constant ventilation of the boiler installed in the basement of a private house and running on gas.

In this case, the door and windows in the boiler room must be tightly closed. It is unacceptable that drafts walk around the room. All these works are easy to do with your own hands or with the assistance of professionals.

General scheme of the boiler room

After the appropriate finishing of the premises, the design equipment is installed in the designated places and all communications are laid. The installation and piping of the boiler is carried out according to certain regulations.

The device of any boiler room includes mandatory components and assemblies. Knowing the purpose of each of them, you can service the boiler room with your own hands.

If the scheme involves not only heating a private house, but also hot water supply, then you will need a water heater, which is called a boiler.

The photo shows a functional diagram of a boiler room with a set of all the necessary equipment.

Boiler

According to the current classification system, all boilers that are used to heat a private house belong to the class of low-power heat sources.

The maximum performance of this heat generator is 65 kW.

Boilers are classified according to the following parameters:

type of fuel;
heat exchanger material;
installation method.

When designing a boiler room for a private house, it is necessary to calculate the area that the boiler will occupy and provide for the possibility of access to the object when installing the piping.

The current sanitary norms and requirements of SNiP determine: in order to heat an area of \u200b\u200b10 sq. m, 1 kW of boiler power is required.

According to the theory of reliability, the heating system should have an excess of 20%. The calorific value of each type of fuel has its own values.

In a private house, after finishing, you can install boilers of the following type:

solid fuel;
on liquid fuel;
on natural gas;
on electricity.

Each type has its own characteristic features in design and operation. An important parameter is the overall dimensions of the boiler.

Today the project includes the “smart home” system, which allows heating a private house according to a given program.

Boiler

In short, a boiler is a water heating tank. The dimensions of the heater are selected depending on the daily requirement.

For a family of 4, a tank capacity of 100 liters is sufficient.

The simplest boiler can be made from component parts with your own hands. The most convenient substitute for a boiler is a gas water heater.

On the market, you can buy indirect heating and direct-flow boilers. The boiler is supplied with an indirect heating boiler.

According to SNiP, it is impossible to use water from the heating system for domestic needs. The boiler device allows you to heat and supply water to the pipeline, suitable for cooking and other needs of residents of a private house.

Expansion tank and manifold

In order for hot water to rhythmically circulate through the pipeline system and not create excessive pressure, an expansion tank is used.

It compensates for the increased pressure in the heating system.

The device of the distribution manifold allows you to maintain uniform circulation of the coolant through all heating devices.

The manifold diagram includes a circulation pump, a manifold and a hydraulic distributor.

The requirements for the build quality of this unit are high, especially for the regulation of the temperature of the coolant that circulates in the heating system of a private house.

When assembling elements with your own hands, this should be remembered.

Security group and automation

The boiler room must be highly reliable and not pose a danger to people living in a private house. The same requirements apply to the room in which the boiler room is located. There must be a window in the room.

A reliable hood and a window with a vent provide the necessary ventilation.

The boiler piping includes a pressure gauge, a safety valve and an electronic control device.

The installation of the piping and adjustment of the automatic system should be entrusted to specialists. The design and supply of all necessary communications to the room, as well as ventilation, must be carried out in accordance with the standards specified in the SNiP.

Which boiler to choose

The power requirements of the boiler room are formed depending on the size of the heated area. The photo shows a solid fuel boiler installed in the basement of a private house.

This is a floor type, and a certain area is allocated for its placement.

If it is not possible to allocate a separate room for the boiler, then the design and installation of a wall structure, most often of a gas orientation, is chosen. The electric boiler is also compact in size.

You can install it in the basement of a private house. But there must be windows in the basement. The design and installation of the piping will have to be done in any case. The joints of pipes and fittings are pressure tested.

If a separate room is allocated for the boiler room in a private house, then a solid door with a lock is installed at the entrance and a window and an exhaust hood for ventilation are equipped.

These requirements are contained in the rules for the operation of all heating appliances and devices, and mini installations too.

Preparatory work can be done with your own hands, but the installation of the boiler, including the installation of piping elements, should be entrusted to professionals.

Electrical wiring and lighting lamps must be protected with durable shades and a metal mesh.

Gas boilers are widespread today. However, in those regions where there is no gas pipeline yet, heating installations for solid and liquid fuels are being installed.

Installation and start-up of a coal or peat boiler can be done by hand. In this case, you need to follow the rules for installing heating installations. The door to the premises is insulated and strengthened.

The boiler piping is carried out according to the minimum scheme - a pressure gauge and a safety valve.

If a mini boiler room is installed in a private house, then the installation work is reduced to connecting to all communications.

Some subtleties and nuances

The question of which boiler room to choose for a private house is decided at the stage of project development. All requirements for a heating device are summarized in one table and analyzed in order of importance.

When creating a heating system for suburban housing, first of all, they develop a project for a boiler house that is part of it. Without this, it is almost impossible to ensure efficient heat distribution throughout the building. While the boiler equipment included in it will be a good solution to the problem with heating. And in order to choose the right devices for a private house, you should take into account some of the nuances and use certain recommendations.

Boiler room purpose

A private boiler room means a set of devices designed to provide suburban housing with heating and hot water. Its installation is necessary in cases where:

the use of a centralized heating system in a private house is impossible due to the long distance to the nearest highway. In this case, solid fuel boilers are most often used (for an electric unit there is no need to arrange boiler rooms);
self-regulation of the heating medium temperature is required, which in a conventional heating system depends on the centralized supply and does not allow either to save money by reducing gas consumption, or, conversely, to increase the room temperature (for example, in severe frost), neglecting costs.

The advantage of this mini-complex is not only the ability to set the time and intensity of heating at the discretion of the user.

If we are not talking about gas boilers (which can also run on liquid gas), then the system using its own boiler room is non-volatile equipment that is not affected by interruptions in gas supply and various preventive maintenance work of utilities.

Installation features

In the water heating systems of a private or country house, equipment is installed that runs on gas (conventional and liquefied), diesel fuel, electricity and solid fuels (including firewood, pellets, coke, peat and coal).

At the same time, electrical equipment does not require the installation of a separate complex, since it is already an autonomous system in itself.

Diesel boilers are used very rarely due to the high cost of maintenance and low environmental friendliness.

Thus, most often the project for organizing a heating system for private housing provides for the installation of gas or solid fuel boilers.

Heating, in which gas equipment is used and a central highway is required, is the most profitable option for heating a private house. Do-it-yourself installation and operation of a system in which the same gas, but already liquefied, acts as an energy carrier, is more expensive. Although the efficiency of providing housing with heat in this case remains at a good level, due to which gas boiler houses are used more often than others.

The project of the premises for such a complex should be created subject to the following rules:

equipment with a capacity of up to 30 kW can be installed in one of the rooms of the building. With higher productivity, it requires a separate structure;
for a boiler room, a room is required, located on the first floor and having a volume of at least 15 cubic meters. If the boiler is installed, for example, in the kitchen of a private house, the minimum size of the room doubles;
the room needs effective ventilation, and the wall decoration must have a fire resistance of at least 0.75 hours (high-quality plaster or tile);
a substrate is arranged between the boiler and the floor, protruding 10 cm beyond the edges of the equipment along the entire perimeter. And the distance to the nearest pieces of furniture should be at least 0.7-1 m.

It is advisable that the installation of the boiler is carried out on a podium with a height of 0.2 m, which is poured separately from the common foundation. The floor of the room is made of non-combustible material - for example, cement screed. If the mini-complex, due to its high capacity, is located in a separate building, it should not have common walls with a residential building.

Solid fuel equipment

The installation of solid fuel boilers has become more profitable after the rise in prices for gaseous fuels and other types of hydrocarbon energy sources.

When arranging them with your own hands, it must be borne in mind that for the normal operation of the equipment, the diameters of the chimney and the boiler pipe must match. This often results in a considerable pipe height required to generate sufficient head for flue gas discharge.

The boiler room must be equipped with exhaust ventilation with an exhaust area of \u200b\u200bat least 8 sq. cm for each kW of equipment power (24 sq. cm for a boiler installed in the basement).

The layer of plaster on the walls should have a thickness of 3 cm or more. A steel sheet is laid under the boiler.

The area of \u200b\u200ba separate room must be at least 8 sq. m, and the ceiling height is from 2.5 m.

Boiler room device

Since the project of the boiler room can provide for their installation both in a residential building, and separately, the requirements for equipment are also different. So, if the complex is located in one of the rooms of the house, in some cases (for example, in the presence of a noisy pressurized burner) additional sound insulation may be required.

While boilers installed in separate buildings are the safest and most practical option, although they require a relatively large capital investment.

The basic equipment required for the operation of a heating system, as a rule, does not depend on the location of the room, or even on the type of fuel used to operate it. Almost all boiler rooms consist of the following elements:

heating boiler;
boiler (water heater);
expansion tank;
distribution manifolds;
chimneys;
safety systems and boiler feed;
pipes and valves.

The boilers in this complex are heat generators. They burn fuel, due to which the coolant (usually water, less often - antifreeze) is heated and supplied to the hot water heating system and to the boiler (if any), which is necessary to provide housing with hot water.

A heated liquid circulates inside such a device, which raises the temperature of the water going to household needs.

Tanks and manifolds

The purpose of the expansion tanks is to compensate for the excess pressure of the coolant to eliminate the risk of creating an emergency in the heating system of a private house, in which a pipe rupture may occur.

A distribution manifold, which consists of a pump, a hydraulic separator and a comb, is necessary for the correct circulation of the coolant and its uniform flow into various circuits of the system (hot water supply, radiators, "warm floors").

Chimneys and security systems

Chimneys are necessary for the removal of combustion products from the boiler room. Not only safety, but also the efficiency of the boilers depends on how their installation and parameters are selected.

And the tasks of the make-up and safety systems are to control the pressure of the fluid circulating through the pipelines. Only the first prevents a decrease in pressure due to leaks and evaporation, and the second, on the contrary, increases it, removing air from the pipes.

Automation and fittings

Automation installed in mini boiler rooms of a private house is necessary for the operation of the equipment (switching on, off, setting the required air parameters) in the absence of a person and providing additional safety for heating and hot water supply systems.

It may depend on the power supply (in this case, the boiler can operate independently for up to several days) or have mechanical regulators. Pipes and valves are required to circulate water through the system.

The desire to make your life more comfortable is understandable and understandable. But in the case of a lack of information or practical experience, it may happen that the boiler room becomes a source of trouble. Our article will tell you how to ensure the safety of the boiler room.

For heating houses in the private sector, natural gas heating boilers are the most common. With the known advantages of this heating equipment, it also poses a serious threat both to the residents of the house and to the building itself.

Regulatory documents provide for various options for placing such equipment, for example, in the kitchen, in a separate room, in the basement or basement of the house. And the first question that arises from the owner of the house:

How to build a boiler room in a private house?

The most rational in terms of safety and comfort is to move the natural gas boiler room outside the residential area. So the decision was ripe to make a separate attached room for the boiler. But even this is not sufficient from a security point of view. Therefore, I will dwell on the features of the arrangement of the boiler room (autonomous boiler room) in more detail.

In addition, on the basis of the practical experience gained in the construction of a boiler house, we note some important points that are poorly documented or regulated, but are significant from the point of view of the practical implementation of work. So:

What is important to consider before starting work?

Before starting work, it is important to think over and decide on the following issues:

a) How to ensure the temperature regime in the attached room. It is a big mistake to count on the heat generated by the boiler during operation.
b) It is better to buy boiler equipment before starting work. This will allow taking into account the features and requirements for the placement of the boiler specified in the passport by the manufacturer, as well as clarify the dimensions and placement of technological holes in building structures for supplying pipes, chimneys, etc.
c) The place for the attached autonomous boiler room must be selected without fail along the blank wall of the house, or if this is not possible, window or door openings in the wall adjacent to the boiler room must be repaired.
d) When determining the size of the boiler room, it is necessary to focus on the following parameters:

The area (for one heating boiler) of the room must be at least 4 m2.
The ceiling height must be at least 2.5 m.
The total volume of the room must be at least 15 m3

e) When determining the size of the boiler room, it is better to focus on the requirements for the installation of a gas boiler, even if it is planned to use a different type of fuel.

Features of the implementation of regulatory requirements at various stages of construction of a boiler house on natural gas

Zero work cycle

Requirements of regulatory documents: presence in the room of the introduced conductor of the house ground loop

It is most convenient to implement this requirement, if necessary, at the very beginning of the work. The presence of a ground loop is important for old houses, as well as for owners who plan to use a volatile (usually imported) boiler. An example of a ground loop device for a boiler room at the initial stage of work is shown in the photo below.

The ground loop is made as follows. Four metal pipes with a diameter of 57 mm are vertically driven into the ground along the perimeter of the structure to a depth of 2.5 - 3 meters. Vertical pipes are welded together with a corner. The metal connection with the house ground loop is made of steel rods with a diameter of 12 mm, they can be seen in the photo.

Requirements of regulatory documents: the presence of a sewer drain (ladder or pit)

The fulfillment of this requirement is shown in the photo below.

The pit (in case the heating system needs to be emptied) is about 45 × 45 cm in size and about 50 cm deep so that a regular bucket can be installed.

When installing load-bearing walls of the boiler room

Requirements of regulatory documents. It is necessary to provide an opening for the inflow of outside air at the rate of at least 8 sq. cm per 1 kW of rated boiler power, or 30 sq. cm per 1 kW, in the case of air flow from inside the building

When constructing load-bearing walls, it is necessary to provide a technological opening in the lower part of the wall structure for supply ventilation (shown in the photo below with an arrow).

The opening for inlet ventilation is a sleeve made of an ASB pipe cut with DN \u003d 150 mm

It is located in the center of the outer wall of the building at a height of approximately 35-40 cm from the floor level of the room. This photo shows the fulfillment of another important regulatory requirement.

Requirements of regulatory documents. The wall of the extension must not be connected to the wall of a residential building

The autonomous boiler room has its own load-bearing walls along the entire perimeter. As you can see from the photo, the wall of the boiler room along the log house is an independent structure that is not connected with the log house.

As noted earlier, the purchase of boiler equipment before the start of construction work can significantly facilitate life and avoid miscalculations when installing a boiler room. The photo below shows the device of the hole for mounting the transition from the boiler to the attached chimney (black arrow) and the sleeve (white arrow) for entering the direct and return pipes of the heating system into the residential building.

Of the features, the following should be noted. The sleeves for entering the direct and return pipes of the heating system are made of cuttings from ASB pipes with DN \u003d 100 mm. The self-made construction of the transition from the boiler to the chimney, installed in the wall, is insulated. Expanded clay concrete was used to fix the structure of the chimney transition in the wall opening.

Requirements of regulatory documents. Assembled section of the gas pipeline before lowering, with a gas valve for each boiler

It is clear that only a specialized organization can lower the gas pipeline, but it is necessary to provide a hole in the wall for entering the gas pipeline even during the construction of a gas boiler house. The photo below shows the input device into the boiler room.

The sleeve for entering the gas pipeline must be made of a metal pipe and the length must exceed the wall thickness by at least 20-25 mm on both sides, i.e. the sleeve must be visible to gas workers. It is better to choose the size of the liner so that the gap between the gas pipe and the liner is at least 10 mm. After installing the gas pipeline, I sealed the gap with polyurethane foam, and plastered it with cement-sand mortar from both ends of the sleeve to a depth of 1.5-2 cm.

Requirements of regulatory documents. Natural light is required at the rate of 0.03 m² glazing per 1 m³ of the room

The photo below shows compliance with this requirement when installing a boiler room. To provide natural lighting for the boiler room, it was decided to install two small windows, shifting them in height to the upper part of the wall structure. Why? Two small windows, moreover located in the upper part of the structure of the room, provide more even illumination of the room than one window, even of a larger size. And since it was planned to make one window with an opening transom for additional ventilation (and an emergency exit in case of an emergency).

Requirements of regulatory documents. Ventilation should be provided in the room at the rate of: an exhaust hood in the amount of 3 times the room air exchange per hour, an inflow in the exhaust volume plus the amount of air for gas combustion

To meet this requirement, an exhaust ventilation hole must be provided in the upper part of the wall structure. The photo below shows the exhaust ventilation device.

Requirements of regulatory documents. The width of the front door must be at least 80 cm

Of the features of the ventilation system for the boiler room, the following should be noted.

It is better to make the area of \u200b\u200bthe holes obviously somewhat excessive. It is not difficult to reduce the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe ventilation opening, but to increase it will be quite difficult.
It should also be borne in mind that the use of forced ventilation in a natural gas boiler room is unacceptable.

Installation of the upper ceiling (ceiling) of the boiler room

The upper ceiling of the boiler room should be very light compared to the load-bearing walls. The essence of this requirement is very simple. In the event of an abnormal or emergency, such an overlap structure can act as a safety relief valve and protect the structure in case of an explosion, since the main destructive blow will be extinguished by the discharge (destruction) of the upper overlap.

Of the features of the device of such an overlap, the following should be noted:

Light doesn't mean cold. Therefore, the structure of the floor is made as follows: a filing ceiling made of a board with a thickness of 30 mm is attached to the floor logs. A bitumized paper was laid on top, on which a layer of sawdust about 14 cm thick was poured. From the inside, a 4 mm thick reflective thermal insulation was shot to the ceiling with a construction stapler. A crate of slats is installed along it. Ceiling boards and slats are treated with fire protection. GKL (KVL) sheets are fixed along the rails. This design is quite light and warm at the same time.

If I did it now, instead of gypsum board sheets I would use KVL sheets, which are capable of withstanding temperatures of more than 1000 grams. But, at the time of the construction of the boiler house, we did not have KVL sheets on sale yet.
Concluding the story in the part related to construction work, when installing a boiler room, it is necessary to note the fulfillment of one more requirement of regulatory documents, in particular:

Requirements of regulatory documents. The enclosing walls and structures of the extension must have a fire resistance limit of 0.75 h, and the fire propagation limit along the structure is zero.

This requirement is ensured (at least in part) by the choice of materials for wall structures (brick) and additional measures, in particular, the treatment of wooden structures with a fire-retardant composition and protection of wooden structures from direct exposure to fire with sheets, better than KVL.

At the stage of construction and finishing works

Requirements of regulatory documents. The walls of the room must be plastered and the floor leveled

No special explanation is required here. It is worth paying attention to just one point. If possible (constructive), it is necessary to ensure watertightness and tightness in the event of an accident in the system in the lower part of the boiler room along the perimeter of the floor to a height of about 5-10 cm (depending on the size of the boiler room and the amount of water in the heating system).

Finishing work

The essence of the work is to provide comfortable conditions for the operation of the boiler and to give the room, within a reasonable, acceptable look. The photo below shows the main points of finishing the room. In particular, during the finishing, additional insulation of the room was made from the inside. Shown in the photo below.

Reflective insulation is glued along the entire perimeter of the walls. Bars are installed to create an air gap. PVC panels are fixed on the bars. It turns out quickly (in two days off), inexpensive (reflective TIM and the most inexpensive PVC panels), efficiently (increased thermal insulation, noise insulation, improved aesthetics of the room).

So that there is no dust from cement, the floor is lined with porcelain stoneware tiles, also the most inexpensive. As you can see in the right photo, in the cold season, the air intake for the boiler operation does not come from the street, but from an adjacent room.

What can you save on and what can be in demand?

If you plan to use a double-circuit boiler (heating and hot water preparation), then it is necessary to provide in advance places for stationary cold water supply to the boiler room and hot water to the house. In the case of using a single-circuit boiler, this is not necessary.

In fact, this article completes a series of articles on house wall insulation. The northern side of the house was insulated with an attached canopy and a boiler room in such a way that it turned out to be even warmer than all the others insulated in the traditional way.

In a private wooden or brick house, it is often necessary to build an artificial heating system. A very popular solution is to install a boiler room in a private house, usually with your own hands. It should be understood that such a system is a very real danger, therefore, its construction is strictly regulated by regulatory documents.

Boiler room diagram.

The boiler can be located directly in a private house (in the kitchen, in the basement, in the basement) or in a separate building.

Systems installed in residential areas (in the kitchen) should not exceed 30 watts in power. In a separate room (basement, basement), it is allowed to arrange boilers with a capacity of 30-200 kW. If the installation in terms of power exceeds 200 kW, it can be located in a separate room attached to the house, or in a separate building, a separate room in the basement, basement, ground floor.

Different types of heat carriers can be used as fuel for the heating system. If the choice is made in favor of natural gas, the most rational solution from a safety point of view would be to move the working boiler outside the residential premises. However, even in this case, a number of mandatory requirements apply to the boiler room arrangement.

Types of removed boiler rooms:

Stationary boiler room diagram.

stationary (arranged in a separate building from a residential building);
roof (located in the attic of the building);
block-modular (a separate mobile block container is used);
attached (located in the annex to the house);
built-in (located in a separate room).

To install a boiler room, it is best to use the services of an experienced contractor who knows how to perform installation than to do it yourself, since this requires compliance with various standards. In addition, experienced specialists will advise on different options for the implementation of work, which will save material costs and time.

Choice of energy carrier

Boiler room diagram with a boiler.

The most profitable from an economic point of view is natural gas. It also has other advantages: it is the most environmentally friendly energy source. After combustion, a minimum amount of soot remains, which makes it possible to clean the boiler and chimney less frequently than when using other types of fuel. You can store gas in a special container - a gasholder or connect directly to the gas pipeline. The latter option is very beneficial, but it can be extremely difficult and costly to obtain permission for inclusion.
Liquid fuels may be used without permission from any third party. When designing a site, it should be borne in mind that it will be necessary to ensure the possibility of a refueller approaching fuel tanks. Diesel systems usually need to be cleaned annually to remove accumulated soot (boiler and chimney). It is very important to use a high-quality diesel fuel, because otherwise the diesel boiler will often break down and may even fail.
Solid fuel. This is the most accessible and cheapest type of energy carrier, but its use is fraught with a number of unpleasant moments. In this case, the boiler is heated by hand, and the firewood must be thrown manually and constantly. Adjusting the temperature in the case of solid fuels is also quite problematic. For example, to heat a house at night, you will sometimes have to wake up and add firewood to the boiler. The boiler and chimney quickly clog up and therefore need frequent cleaning. Solid fuel heating can be used as a backup or when it is not possible to arrange otherwise.
Electric boilers absolutely do not need a separate room. They do not require do-it-yourself cleaning; they are completely environmentally friendly as they do not generate waste. Electric boilers can be powered from a single-phase network or from a three-phase one. If the installation power exceeds 12 kW, only a three-phase network is suitable. A permit is required for its supply. The disadvantage of such a system is the high cost of electricity.

Preparing for the construction of a boiler room with your own hands in a private house

At the design stage, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of regulatory enactments and adhere to certain recommendations. Among them:

Boiler room construction scheme in the house.

It is necessary to install artificial heating in the room where the boiler is installed, since the heat generated by it is usually not enough.
It is recommended to purchase boiler equipment in advance - before construction work begins. This approach will make it possible to take into account the manufacturer's requirements for the installation of the boiler and correctly build technological holes in building structures that will serve to supply a chimney, pipes, etc.
You can not make an extension to a wooden or any other house where there are windows or other openings. For this purpose, it is necessary to use a blank wall of the building or close up the door, window openings that are in the wall adjacent to the boiler.
The ceiling height in the boiler room must be at least 2.5 m. The permissible internal volume of the room is at least 15 m³. The area must be more than 4 m².
It is recommended to maintain the boiler room dimensions that are required for a gas boiler, even if the installation will operate on a different type of heat carrier.
The room must be ventilated. The hood must pump air per hour that is 3 times the total volume of the room and the amount of air consumed for fuel combustion.

Installation: initial work

Installation of a boiler room in the house.

According to the requirements of regulatory documents, a ground loop must be connected to the boiler room. For this purpose, you can use 4 metal pipes, which are driven into the soil vertically along the perimeter of the boiler room. The pipes are connected by means of corners by welding. Grounding is supplied to the house via steel rods, the diameter of which should be 12 mm.

In the boiler room, a sewer drain must be installed, which serves as protection when draining the heating system. To do this, a hole (pit) with a depth of about 0.5 m can be made in the floor. To ensure the supply of fresh air for the hood, it is required to provide a special hole in the wall. Its dimensions are selected on the basis of 8 cm² per 1 kW of installation power, if the air is supplied from the street. If air is supplied from other internal rooms of the building, there must be at least 30 cm² of ventilation holes per 1 kW of power. Installation of forced ventilation is not allowed if the boiler room operates on gas.

Bearing walls cannot be connected to existing ones; the boiler room requires the construction of separate independent walls: even when it is adjacent to the building. If a gas pipeline is used to supply the coolant, it is necessary to provide an inlet sleeve in the wall through which the leading pipe will be laid. The sleeve is fixed in the wall with expanded clay concrete. A pipe cut of 100 * 100 mm can be used as a sleeve. The inside must be insulated. It is required to arrange natural lighting in the room, not less than 0.03 m² of glass per 1 m³ of the internal volume.

DIY ceiling installation in a private house

Installation of the ceiling in the house.

The main requirement for the top floor is that it must be light. This is done to ensure safety, since in the event of an explosion, it is the top of the building that will take the main destructive blow. As a result, the energy will be extinguished by destroying only the upper floor, not the walls.

In addition, it is necessary to comply with the insulation standards. For this purpose, you can use a heat-reflecting film, sheathe the ceiling with KVL or GKL sheets. The boiler room must have a fire resistance of 0.75 hours and prevent the spread of fire along the structure. To do this, you need to choose the right construction, and use the processing of flammable parts of the boiler room with a special composition.

Installation of finishing materials in a wooden or other house

According to the requirements of regulatory documents, the floor must be leveled, and the walls must be plastered. It is advisable to make the lower part of the room permeable. This will minimize the negative consequences of a possible accident in the heating system.

At the stage of finishing works, it is possible to further improve the heat-insulating and noise-insulating properties of the boiler room. For this, the installation of PVC panels or reflective TIM can be used.