Connect the copper pipe to the steel pipe. Basic methods of connecting copper pipes

Due to its practically unique performance properties, copper is today one of the most demanded materials used for the installation of communication systems. It is especially common in private houses, where the water supply and heating systems are made of copper pipes, the connection of which is carried out using various methods.

One of the main reasons for the use of copper in communication systems is the outstanding resistance of this material to high temperatures and high pressures from the medium circulating through the pipes. So, for example, calculations show that in the case of installing a one-pipe heating system, if you want to get a water temperature in the radiator of 70 degrees, at the inlet it must be at least 120 degrees. Many modern materials are simply not designed for this temperature. As an example, we can cite plastic (or polymer) pipes so popular today. They are lightweight, not too expensive (especially in comparison with copper), do not cause difficulties during installation and look quite aesthetically pleasing. But the maximum temperature for which they are designed is 95 degrees Celsius. At higher temperatures, the pipes simply start to melt. At the same time, copper can easily withstand temperatures up to 300 degrees.

When operating a domestic pipeline, the opposite situation may also arise - freezing of water in the pipes. At the same time, the vast majority of materials cannot withstand the linear expansion of frozen water and collapse - tears or cracks appear on pipes made of polymer, cast iron or steel. Copper copes well with this problem due to its ductility.

In general, copper pipes are versatile elements. They can be used not only in water supply or heating systems. Often, specialized pipelines are installed in refrigeration units or air conditioners. Due to the gas-tightness of copper, they are also used for the installation of gas pipelines, both domestic and industrial. In addition, in recent years, copper pipes for electrical wiring have become quite common, which allow you to reliably protect all its "intricacies" from mechanical and other damage.

Types of connections for copper pipes when installing networks.

Various techniques and additional parts are used to connect copper pipes into a single system. The choice of a particular method depends on the characteristics of the pipeline, and on its purpose, and on its location, and even on national traditions. As for the last point, today in Europe, where copper pipelines are used most often, there are two traditional approaches to their installation:

"British approach" is a fitting-free connection of pipes to each other (bending pipes, flanging, drawing out bends, brazing, welding, etc.). This method makes it possible to simplify as much as possible the design of a copper pipeline, in which practically no additional elements are used (connecting parts are required only to connect the devices to the pipeline). But it should be noted that this approach requires quite a lot of experience and high qualifications from installers. In addition, you cannot do without special tools here;
"German approach" - connecting pipes to each other using fittings. This approach has a number of advantages: using fittings requires less time to install the pipeline and less effort on the part of installers. It can be used for laying pipelines of any configuration and guarantees a high quality connection, which practically does not depend on the experience and qualifications of the installer. The disadvantages of the method include the complication of the pipeline design and the need to regularly check the fitting connections.

All types of copper pipe connections existing today can be divided into 2 categories:

one-piece;
detachable.

Non-detachable connections is a structure that cannot be disassembled without destroying its individual components. These include:

soldering;
welding;
pressing.

Soldering or welding can be fit-free. Also used are factory connectors for copper pipes (various fittings). For pressing, special press fittings are required, which are supplied with crimping sleeves.

All types of permanent connections can be used in the installation of water supply, gas supply and heating systems.

Note! When installing water pipelines and heating systems for small and medium-sized pipes, low-temperature brazing is most often used, and welding is most often used for large-diameter pipes. When installing "warm floors" the most common method is pressing. If it is required to connect copper to steel, then soldering or welding is usually used, depending on the diameter of the pipes (solder - bronze). But when installing a gas pipeline, high-temperature brazing is required.

Detachable connection is a collapsible design. It is obtained using various types of fittings:

threaded;
compression;
self-locking.

In addition, in this case, a flange - a connector for copper pipes of large and medium cross-section can be used. And in case of emergency repair of the pipeline, a turnbuckle can be temporarily used to connect pipes of the same diameter.

Most often, a variety of fittings and connectors are used to connect various equipment, consuming devices or fittings to the pipeline. The convenience of such connections is that they can be easily disassembled if necessary (for example, if a pipeline needs repair or replacement of the equipment connected to it). They are very reliable and do not require much skill from the installer. In addition, a minimum of special tools are required for installation - most of the work is done literally by hand.

But at the same time, detachable connections need periodic inspection and maintenance activities. They are weakened by temperature and pressure drops in the system, and the sealing elements wear out over time. That is why it is necessary to arrange them in such a way that access to them during the operation of the pipeline is open at any time.

Note! Copper pipes must not be threaded. Therefore, to connect copper to the threaded elements of the system, special transition type fittings are used. On the one hand, such parts have a socket for connecting to the pipe by soldering or crimping, and on the other hand - a thread.

Whichever type of connection is chosen when installing a copper pipeline, you should be aware that in any case it does not reduce the mechanical strength of the system. On the contrary, any of the joints, except for welding, increases the thickness of the walls of the system, which means that this place in the pipeline is even more durable than the pipe itself. With regard to the welded joint, it (initially softer due to the nature of the process) becomes stronger over time.

Preparation of copper pipes for connection when installing communication networks.

Before connecting pipes to each other, they must be prepared. Preparation includes several stages.

Cutting.

To complete this stage, it is best to resort to using a pipe cutter. The whole process of using this tool is extremely simple. It is necessary to put the pipe cutter on the end of the pipe where the cut is to be made, moving it to the place marked for the cut. After that, it is necessary to tighten the clamp (screw) of the tool tightly and start rotating the cutter around the pipe. This will tighten the screw, causing the pipe to cut off at the torch location.

Note! The use of a pipe cutter allows you to make an accurate perpendicular cut. But in the process of cutting the pipe, you should not use unnecessary efforts - this can crush the end of the copper product. Better to do a couple of extra turns of the pipe cutter.

Of course, everyone knows about the plasticity of copper and the fact that it can be cut with an ordinary hacksaw. But it is quite difficult to achieve good quality of such a cut and its perpendicularity. When using a hacksaw, the edges are too uneven and require additional processing. True, in the event that there is no special tool at hand, a hacksaw is the only way to fit the pipe to the desired length. But then you should pay special attention to the edges.

Pipe edge processing.

After cutting, burrs and irregularities will remain on the pipe edge in any case. These defects must be eliminated before making the connection. To do this, use a file or a rounded file.

The outer surface of the edge must also be cleaned, removing oxide film and dirt from it. This work is done with fine-grained skin. In addition, the inner surface of the edge should be cleaned before joining. For these purposes, special wipes or brushes are suitable.

Note! Edge cleaning should be done until the surface is shiny. But at the same time, you should not show too much zeal, since there is a great chance to remove too much copper. In this case, when making the connection by soldering or welding, difficulties may arise.

Connection of copper pipes using capillary soldering.

One of the most common methods of connecting copper pipes is capillary brazing. For its implementation, special fittings are used to help the solder to be distributed in the place where the seam is received extremely evenly, regardless of the position of the pipe itself. In this case, the correct choice of the diameter of the fitting is of great importance - it should be 0.1-0.15 mm larger than the pipe diameter.

To perform capillary brazing, a flux will be applied to the end of the pipe. This is a special composition that melts and dissolves the oxide film on the pipe. In addition, it perfectly protects copper from oxidation, which inevitably occurs when it is heated.

Note! Flux is a highly reactive compound, which means that it can interact with the metal it is applied to. Therefore, when using it, you should be careful not to use more flux than required. It is best to use a brush to apply flux only to the part of the pipe that will fit inside the fitting. Moreover, this must be done immediately before the start of soldering. After that, immediately insert the end of the pipe into the fitting until it stops, turning it around the axis of the pipe - this is required in order for the flux to “lay down” as evenly as possible. If at the same time any part of the flux ends up on the outer surface of the pipe, it must be removed immediately.

After the pipe is inserted into the fitting, the connection must be heated. Heating must be uniform around the entire circumference of the joint. For this, an open flame can be used - for example, a gas burner with two nozzles. A safer method is often used - an industrial hair dryer. You can determine the degree of heating with the flux or the solder used. In the event that a flux containing tin is used, silver drops appearing at the junction will indicate that the temperature required for soldering has been reached. If a different type of flux is used, then you can understand whether the joint has heated up to the required temperature by attaching the edge of the solder to it. If the solder starts to melt right away, then it can already be injected into the gap between the pipe and the fitting. In this case, the solder bar can be led both from right to left and from left to right - in any case, it will fill the gap and reliably connect the parts to each other.

The amount of solder required is determined very simply by the pipe diameter. To do this, even before starting soldering, you can wrap the pipe with wire, which will act as a solder, and cut a piece of the required length from it.

Note! Capillary brazing fittings are commercially available which already contain the required amount of solder. Working with such fittings is reduced to heating the joint to a temperature when the solder begins to melt. In this case, no additional solder is required.

After soldering, the joint should cool naturally. During this time, it should not be subjected to any mechanical stress. Only after the solder has completely solidified can the pipeline installation process be continued.

In a similar way, other connections are made in the process of installing a water supply system or heating a house. After the entire system is assembled, it must be flushed with hot water - this will help remove flux residues from the inside of the pipes. If this is not done, then the composition remaining on the copper surface can lead to corrosion of the copper elements. From the outside of the pipeline, you should also inspect all the joints and, if there is any remaining flux or solder on them, clean them with a damp cloth.

Connection of copper pipes with elements of other materials.

Often, when installing a private copper water supply, sewage or heating system, it becomes necessary to use elements made of other materials. In this case, it should be remembered that in no case should direct contact between copper and galvanized steel be allowed due to the electrochemical processes occurring in this case. As a result of such contact, corrosion processes on the steel surface develop at an accelerated rate, and it is destroyed. To avoid this, a brass fitting must be placed between the copper and steel pipe sections. In addition, it is very important here that the parts of galvanized steel in the pipeline are located in front of the copper ones - that is, the water circulating through the labor first passes the steel section, and then enters the copper one. But the contact of copper with plastic, brass or acid-resistant steel is safe from this point of view and does not affect the service life of the pipeline.

When connecting copper pipes, you need special elements called fittings. Such parts contribute to the quick and easy installation of plumbing systems for the home. The store sells quality threaded and crimped fittings for copper pipes from such manufacturers: Emmeti, IBP, Tiemme, Uni-Fitt, Viega. All goods have the necessary certificates and meet the requirements and standards.

In stock

Tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1 / 2 "x54 - fitting-adapter from threaded to press connection if branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, sanitary equipment. Tee material press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1 / 2 "x54 - bronze. The area of \u200b\u200bapplication of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1 / 2 "x54 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1 / 2" x54: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. Only one crimping of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1 / 2 "x54 with pressing tongs is allowed. Completion of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1 / 2" x54 - sealing elements HNBR. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with an SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting), which makes it possible to visually identify unpressed connections during pressure testing, and the resulting

Add product to cart

Discount price: RUB 2,599.99

In stock

Shipment rate: 1 piece

Number of units:

1 +1

Amount: 2 599.99 rubles

In stock

Tee press-H bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 / 4 "x54 - fitting-adapter from threaded to press connection if branching is required in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, sanitary equipment. Tee material press-H bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 / 4 "x54 - bronze. The area of \u200b\u200bapplication of the tee press-H bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 / 4 "x54 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-H bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 / 4" x54: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. Only one crimping of the press-H tee, Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 / 4 "x54 bronze with pressing tongs, is allowed. The complete set of the press-H tee, Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 / 4" x54 bronze - sealing elements HNBR. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with an SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting), which makes it possible to visually identify unpressed connections during pressure testing, and the resulting

Add product to cart

Sale price: RUB 4,166.22

In stock

Shipment rate: 1 piece

Number of units:

1 +1

Amount: 4 166.22 rubles

In stock

Tee press-H bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3 / 4 "x35 - fitting-adapter from threaded to press connection if branching is required in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Tee material press-H bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3 / 4 "x35 - bronze. The area of \u200b\u200bapplication of the tee press-H bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3 / 4 "x35 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-H bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3 / 4" x35: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. Only one crimping of the press-H tee, Sanpress VIEGA 35x3 / 4 "x35 bronze, with pressing tongs is allowed. The complete set of the press-H tee, Sanpress VIEGA bronze 35x3 / 4" x35 - sealing elements HNBR. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with an SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting), which makes it possible to visually identify unpressed connections during pressure testing, and the resulting

Add product to cart

Discount price: 2 466.69 rubles

In stock

Shipment rate: 1 piece

Number of units:

1 +1

Amount: 2 466.69 rubles

In stock

Tee press-H bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3 / 4 "x22 - fitting-adapter from threaded to press connection if branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, sanitary equipment. Tee material press-H bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3 / 4 "x22 - bronze. The area of \u200b\u200bapplication of the tee press-H bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3 / 4 "x22 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-H bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3 / 4" x22: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. Only one crimping of the press-H tee, Sanpress VIEGA bronze 22x3 / 4 "x22, with pressing tongs is allowed. The complete set of the press-H tee, bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3 / 4" x22 - sealing elements HNBR. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with an SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting), which makes it possible to visually identify unpressed connections during pressure testing, and the resulting

Add product to cart

Sale price: RUB 1 852.68

In stock

Shipment rate: 1 piece

Number of units:

1 +1

Amount: 1 852.68 rubles

In stock

Tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 / 2 "x15 - fitting-adapter from threaded to press connection if branching is required in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Tee material press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 / 2 "х15 - bronze. The area of \u200b\u200bapplication of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 / 2 "x15 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 / 2" x15: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. Only one crimping of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 / 2 "x15 with pressing tongs is allowed. Completion of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 / 2" x15 - sealing elements HNBR. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with an SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting), which makes it possible to visually identify unpressed connections during pressure testing, and the resulting

Add product to cart

Sale price: RUB 732.42

In stock

Shipment rate: 1 piece

Number of units:

1 +1

Amount: 732.42 rubles

In stock

Tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 / 2 "x22 - fitting-adapter from threaded to press connection if branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Tee material press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 / 2 "х22 - bronze. The area of \u200b\u200bapplication of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 / 2 "x22 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 / 2" x22: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. Only one crimping of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 / 2 "x22 with press tongs is allowed. Completion of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 / 2" x22 - sealing elements HNBR. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with an SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting), which makes it possible to visually identify unpressed connections during pressure testing, and the resulting

Add product to cart

Discount price: RUB 1,029.50

In stock

Shipment rate: 1 piece

Number of units:

1 +1

Amount: 1 029.50 rubles

In stock

Tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1 / 2 "x28 - fitting-adapter from threaded to press connection if branching is required in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Tee material press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1 / 2 "х28 - bronze. The area of \u200b\u200bapplication of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1 / 2 "x28 - water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1 / 2" x28: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum allowable pressure - 10 bar. Only one crimping of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1 / 2 "x28 with press tongs is allowed. Complete set of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1 / 2" x28 - sealing elements HNBR. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with an SC-Contur (micro-groove on the fitting), which makes it possible to visually identify unpressed connections during pressure testing, and the resulting

Add product to cart

Discount price: RUB 1,287.59

In stock

Shipment rate: 1 piece

Number of units:

1 +1

Amount: 1 287.59 rubles

Water inlet crimp-B with a plastic ring TIEMME 10x1 / 2 "is designed to connect copper and steel pipes with water intake points in the water supply, heating and plumbing equipment. Material of the crimp-B TIEMME 10x1 / 2" - brass CW617N with a plastic ring (PTFE) ... The scope of the water socket is water, glycols, non-aggressive liquids, oil and compressed air. The norms for the pipe limit the operating conditions of the crimp-B water inlet with a TIEMME 10x1 / 2 "plastic ring with the following data: the maximum operating temperature is 120 degrees Celsius, the maximum allowable pressure is 30 bar. The thread of the crimp-B water inlet with a TIEMME 10x1 / 2" plastic ring - ISO 228 (GOST 6357-81), connection type - crimp and internal thread.

In stock

Buy

The connection of copper pipes is made in three ways: on compression fittings, by means of capillary brazing and using press fittings. Each of these methods has its own pros and cons. It all depends on the conditions in which it is planned to operate the plumbing system.

Compression fitting connections

The main advantage of this technique is ease of installation, a minimum of auxiliary tools. Each person can cope with such work, because you only need to tighten the nuts with two keys. Disadvantages of connection by means of fittings: limited maximum pressure (up to 10 BAR) at a system temperature of 100 degrees.

Connection of copper pipes with compression fittings

During installation, it is also extremely important not to allow the slightest distortions. If the fittings are intended for “soft” pipes, a special liner is required. The last factor is extremely important, but it is often neglected.

Capillary brazed connections

Advantages of soldering joints: neatness and evenness of the seams, the minimum amount of solder required, and democratic cost. Performance characteristics: maximum working pressure 40 BAR at a maximum system temperature of 150 degrees. Capillary brazing requires a torch (propane or acetylene), flux, solder. This method of connecting copper pipes requires a certain experience and knowledge from a person.

From press fittings

Advantages of installation work without soldering: high reliability, average cost with a quick payback. To perform work without soldering, using press fittings, a minimum of knowledge and skills is required from a person. Connecting copper pipes in this way is a matter of minutes.

How to connect copper pipes to steel pipes?

Traditionally, copper products are assembled to steel parts by means of crimp (compression) fittings. Work technology:

The fitting is disassembled, then a pipe is inserted into it, on which a ferrule and a clamping nut are previously put on.

The nut is manually tightened to the very stop. It is important to ensure that there are no distortions. Based on the diameters of the copper pipe or instructions specified in passport documents or special tables, the nut is tightened by a certain number of turns with a wrench. Typically the number of revolutions is ½ to ¼. It is important to adhere to the recommended speed. Otherwise, the pipe may deform.

It is quite simple to connect copper products to steel parts. If something remains unclear to you, we strongly recommend watching a training video, which details how to mount copper parts with steel pipes.

Installation technology

How to connect copper products?

The required piece of the product is cut, as in the previous version;
The outer and inner parts are cleaned of dirt by means of a special brush or sponge for copper;
The pipe is inserted into the capillary fitting to the limit, flux is applied, the excess of which can be removed with a clean cloth;
The joint is heated by means of a gas burner or a special construction hair dryer, and solder is applied. The solder should melt and fill the mounting gap evenly;
We are waiting for the natural cooling of the solder. Remains of flux are removed with a damp and clean cloth.

Now you know how to connect copper pipes in several ways. If something in the installation of copper products seems unclear to you, you can always study the instructional video. In principle, this work is quite simple and you can do it yourself without resorting to the services of professionals.

trubygid.ru

How to connect copper pipes

Flare connection

2. Put on the sleeve on the pipe.

Threaded connection

The fitting is being prepared;

truba-info.ru

How to solder copper pipes - brazing copper pipes

Tube products made of copper materials and their alloys have long ceased to be a novelty in our heating systems; in addition, they are increasingly found today in modern water and gas supply lines of residential buildings and industrial enterprises. These reliable and plastic products are now widely used as critical components of modern air conditioning systems and refrigeration units of various profiles.

Copper pipe

All this is quite enough for us to have a desire to learn how to form permanent connections from such products, or rather, to get acquainted with how to solder copper pipes in domestic conditions. The fact is that the known techniques for joining copper pipes have been used for a long time and involve the introduction of a special molten adhesion compound or solder into the contact zone. What is especially important to know when mastering the process of brazing copper pipes is that a reliable welding contact is obtained, as a rule, only when the melting point of the solder itself is slightly below the melting point of the pipes being welded.

Note also that high-quality and reliable soldering of copper pipes with your own hands will require the performer to be especially careful when working with the products being welded, as well as a certain theoretical training.

Benefits of welded copper connections

Copper pipe welding

It is impossible not to mention in our article the many evidences that additionally confirm the indisputable advantages of copper structures obtained by the welded method. Such mentions only increase the ever-growing demand for products that are distinguished by a whole set of rather unique properties:

durability and strength of welded copper products;
availability and ease of processing of copper material;
the ability to select the conditions for the formation of a welding contact (by adjusting the welding mode).

In addition, the use of the latest welding techniques will save you the cost of essential assembly parts such as standard adapters and fittings, which significantly reduces the overall cost of manufacturing welded heating pipes.

Brazing methods for copper pipes and tools used

When carrying out special operations associated with welding pipe billets of various diameters, the following temperature conditions are most often used:

High-temperature mode with thermal heating of the melt zone up to 900 degrees, used for workpieces under significant loads.
Low-temperature treatment mode, practiced most often in everyday life with an operating temperature in the contact zone up to 450 degrees.

Gripper-pipe cutter

For the convenience of securing the mating pipes during the brazing process, you may need the following tool:

A special gripper-pipe cutter that ensures a smooth cut of the workpiece in the place of its intended welding.
Chamfer preparation tool (including deburring).
A special kind of expansion mechanism used to prepare the seam to a depth approximately equal to the diameter of the workpieces being welded.
And, finally, the welding machine itself or a gas torch, directly used for brazing copper joints.

Soldering torch

In addition to this, you will certainly need a building thermal hair dryer, through which it will be possible to heat the joints of the workpieces up to 650 degrees (used mainly when working with low-melting solders).

Building hair dryer

The presence of such a heating-welding machine in the current tool kit will allow its owner to very easily regulate the temperature regime in the welding zone, as well as maintain it at an optimal level. In addition, a wide range of interchangeable nozzles included in the working set of the welding device allows you to direct a stream of heated air wherever you want.

Materials used in brazing copper billets

Before soldering heating pipes with their own hands, any performer is simply obliged to thoroughly familiarize themselves with the working materials used as thermal solders. In addition, he should certainly be aware that all these materials are divided into hard and soft solders according to their refractoriness characteristics.

Solders

Solder

The so-called high-melting point solders outwardly resemble elongated rods of an arbitrary profile and are usually used when it is necessary to heat the metal in the soldering zone to the maximum possible temperatures (up to 900 degrees Celsius). These temperatures provide a high quality and reliable solder contact.

Note! Such soldering materials are used mainly in repair and restoration work performed on critical supply lines or in the repair of industrial air conditioners and special refrigeration equipment.

The most typical representatives of this class of brazing alloys include self-fluxing copper-phosphorus compositions equipped with a variety of additives (such as Cu94 P6 and Cu92 P6 Ag2). A 6% addition of silver or phosphorus, almost invisible to the eye, will allow you to lower the working melting temperature of such a solder up to 750 degrees. And this is provided that the actual expansion rates of the materials used almost exactly correspond to those for copper, which ensures the possibility of obtaining a strong and reliable connection.

Soft solder

Solders, called in common parlance "soft", got their name due to the fact that they are used in the process of low-temperature processing of copper tubes, produced in a domestic environment. They are made, as a rule, in the form of rather thin wires and are developed on the basis of such popular chemicals as lead, tin, zinc or their alloys known to all of us.

Fluxes

Soldering flux

In order to simplify the procedure for soldering copper pipes with your own hands, special pasty or even liquid compositions (they are also called fluxes) are often used. It is important to note that often the success or failure of the operation performed can largely depend on the competent selection of one or another flux.

Like solders, the materials we are considering are also conventionally divided into low-temperature reagents (up to 450 degrees) and high-temperature chemical components used for brazing above 450 degrees.

Such chemical compositions are used for the following purposes:

help to cleanse the soldering zone from harmful oxides;
protect the working area from the ingress of oxygen into it, which is always contained in the environment;
create favorable conditions for the uniform distribution of the soldering composition over the soldering points;
increase the quality of adhesion of products with solder.

In the process of carrying out the work, the solder, heated to the required temperature, spreads evenly over the parts of the parts to be soldered, thus forming a reliable connection. After the soldering contact has cooled down, all excess flux is simply removed from the processing area.

Video

This video is about soft soldering pipes:

trubyinfo.ru

How to connect copper pipes | All about pipes

Installation of copper pipelines involves the ability to correctly make pipe and valve connections. We will talk about this in this short article.

Copper pipes can be connected to the coupling without flaring the end of the pipe. The advantage of this connection is that it can be disassembled and reassembled at any time. Where it is not possible to work with a gas burner or it is impossible to completely drain the water from the old pipe, a flared connection is used. Such a connection is made as follows. The first step is to process the end of the pipe so that its surface is perfectly flat. After that, a coupling is put on the pipe, and a flaring cone is directed inside the pipe. After that, pull off the flare clamp and slowly rotate its screw. This must be done until the pipe expansion angle reaches forty-five degrees. After that, the screw must be unscrewed, the clamp must be loosened and the flaring device removed from the pipe. Now the coupling can be moved towards the end of the pipe until it stops and the nut can be tightened.

However, more often copper pipes are connected to each other using fittings. Unlike plastic pipes, fittings in copper pipes are not crimped, but soldered. Such soldering can be both high-temperature and low-temperature. In the first case, a high melting point hard solder rod is used. In this case, pipes and fittings should be heated with acetylene or propane burners, since their flame temperature is very high. Low temperature brazing uses soft solder in the form of a wire. Warming up can be done with an ordinary blowtorch. In practice, high-temperature brazing is used for socket joints, and low-temperature brazing for fitting. The soldering technology is simple. First, the surface of the pipe and fitting to be brazed is cleaned of oxide and covered with flux. Then a fitting is put on the pipe and the place of the future connection is heated until the molten solder fills the gap between the pipe and the fitting. It should be borne in mind that the solder should not melt in the flame of the burner, but from the temperature of the heated metal. After cooling, the compound acquires high strength. After that, it remains only to remove the remaining flux from the surface.

Threaded connections are also used in copper pipelines. You need to handle them with extreme caution, since you can tear off the copper thread without even exerting excessive efforts for this. Threaded connections for copper pipes always use a compression ring, which is designed to evenly distribute the load over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe connection. This work is done in the following sequence. First, the end of the pipe is processed, then a union nut is put on the pipe, and a crimp ring is put on the very edge. Then the fitting is inserted into the pipe as far as it will go and the union nut is carefully tightened.

xn - 80abcm9bmekkw.xn - p1ai

How to connect copper pipes - construction

How to connect copper pipes

Copper pipes are connected when arranging various pipelines, using fittings and special methods. Everyone needs to know how to connect copper pipes, since obtaining a reliable joint requires compliance with certain conditions.

Flare connection

Soft copper pipes are very often connected to a sleeve into which the unflared end of the pipe is embedded. It is not difficult to dismantle such a joint, and then it can be easily restored. Usually, the connection of copper pipes with flaring is used when it is dangerous to operate the burner and it is impossible to completely drain the water from the old pipe. The order of work is as follows:

1. You clean the pipe end. In this case, you need to remove all seizures.

2. Put on the sleeve on the pipe.

3. Insert the pipe into the calibrated flare hole. Squeeze it tightly there. The hole must be the same diameter as the pipe itself. Install the pipe end at the same level or slightly above the clamping surface.

4. Put the device on the clamp. Begin turning the screw until the cone flares at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the end of the pipe.

5. Remove the pipe from the calibrated hole. Then you need to bring the coupling close to the flared edges. Wrap the thread of the coupling with a sealing tape, and tighten the nut.

Connection with fittings

The connection of copper pipes with fittings reduces labor costs during installation, the very time of work and guarantees the quality of the connection, since there is no metal retraction. Copper pipes with fittings are most often connected by capillary brazing, which is based on the capillary effect. There are two types of brazing copper pipes:

High temperature brazing. Refractory solders are used for this method. For heating pipes, propane and acetylene burners are used;

Low temperature brazing. In this method, soft solders are used, which are rolled into coils. For this soldering, fire from a conventional blowtorch is sufficient.

There are no special differences in these two methods, but high-temperature soldering is used when socketing pipes, and low-temperature soldering is used on joints with fittings into which the solder is melted.

The connection method with fittings is as follows:

A fitting is put on the flux-coated pipe:

The joint is heated with a torch until the solder melts and closes the gap between the fitting and the pipe;

The structure cools down, and then the external cleaning is carried out using special cleaning agents for copper. After that, the pipe is ready for operation.

Threaded connection

The threaded connection of copper pipes is collapsible, and special ferrules are used. If there is a need for dismantling, the ring will need to be replaced. A connection of this kind is performed as follows:

First, a piece of pipe is cut to the required length;

If pipes with PVC insulation are used, you need to remove the insulating layer from the end of the pipe with a sharp knife and remove the burrs that formed after cutting with a file;

The fitting is being prepared;

A union nut is put on the pipe, then a squeeze ring is put on;

The nut should be screwed on smoothly - at first it is turned by hand, when it becomes impossible to do this, a key is used. In the process, the nut compresses the pipe and the joint is sealed.

fix-builder.ru

Compression fitting connections

Connection of copper pipes with compression fittings

Capillary brazed connections

From press fittings

How to connect copper pipes to steel pipes?

Traditionally, copper products are assembled to steel parts by means of crimp (compression) fittings. Work technology:

The fitting is disassembled, then a pipe is inserted into it, on which a ferrule and a clamping nut are previously put on.

Installation technology

How to connect copper products?

The required piece of the product is cut, as in the previous version;
The outer and inner parts are cleaned of dirt by means of a special brush or sponge for copper;
The pipe is inserted into the capillary fitting to the limit, flux is applied, the excess of which can be removed with a clean cloth;
The joint is heated by means of a gas burner or a special construction hair dryer, and solder is applied. The solder should melt and fill the mounting gap evenly;
We are waiting for the natural cooling of the solder. Remains of flux are removed with a damp and clean cloth.

Copper pipes are a versatile material that is used almost everywhere: when creating water pipelines, gas pipelines, and heating systems. They are not afraid of chlorinated water, which makes them especially attractive for the installation of urban water supply networks. Copper is resistant to corrosion and has a very long service life.

The installation of a copper pipeline is carried out using a variety of types of connections, and this is not only welding and soldering, but also the use of compression (crimping) elements.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Compression Fittings

The connection of copper pipes with compression fittings is convenient because it does not require high temperature and special equipment.

This means that with their help you can mount pipes in hard-to-reach places, from the tools you only need:

spanners,
calibrator,
cutter.

The time of work is reduced, labor costs are reduced, and the resulting system turns out to be completely sealed and durable.

However, this design is not without its drawbacks. Compression fittings need to be checked and tightened periodically and must not be concreted.

They are designed for low pressure in the system, therefore they are considered less reliable than brazing. The design is reusable, that is, it can be disassembled and reassembled, but in practice, reconnection is unreliable and must be replaced soon.

Compression fitting design and operation

Compression fitting for copper pipes consists of several parts:

housing;
crimp nut;
crimp ring.

Ferrules (usually one or two) are designed to create a leakproof connection and provide high pressure resistance and durability. Thanks to them, the structure acquires resistance to vibration fatigue and can serve for many years.

Quality copper pipe fittings for crimp can last up to 50 years.

Advice!
It is better to choose parts in which special EPD M material is used for the connecting rings, and not ordinary rubber, since they will last much longer.

Compression fittings are made from:

brass,
copper,
plastic,
metal.

In this case, brass connecting elements are most often used, since this material is easy to process and costs less than pure copper. It is inferior in strength to stainless steel, but it is much easier to mount it.

Sometimes brass fittings are additionally treated with nickel to increase their resistance to various influences.

When choosing, pay attention to the weight of the product, this indicator should not be too light. You can ask the seller for a quality certificate, in addition, professionals advise you to immediately choose parts from a well-known manufacturer.

This ensures that you don’t waste money and that the installed system is reliable. Many people advise using brass fitting for HDPE pipe, as it does not corrode, but provides a greater margin of safety than plastic.

Types of compression fittings

In various piping systems, several types of connecting devices are used, which you can see in the photo:

tees (used when creating a one-way branch);
crosspieces (installation of double-sided branches);
couplings (connect two pipe sections of the same diameter);
bends (used to create 45 degree turns);
plugs (installed at the end of a pipe section).

If it is supposed to connect pipes of the same diameter, then straight connecting devices are used, and if different - transitional.

Installing Compression Fittings on Copper Pipes

Since this type of connection does not require special equipment, it is quite possible to do it yourself.

In the European classification, components of two types are distinguished, marked with the letters A and B.

Type A are used only for the installation of above-ground pipeline systems made of semi-solid copper or stainless steel.
Type B used for underground and surface communications, it is designed for soft and semi-hard copper with a thick wall.

Installation instructions for different types require strict adherence to certain rules so that the connection is as reliable as possible.

Installation of type A compression fittings

Select the desired element size... It is not difficult to do this, since all connecting structures are manufactured according to a single European standard in accordance with the nomenclature;
Cut pipe and remove burrs... Check the cut with a gauge. Make sure the surface is free from dirt, rough edges or scratches. A crimp ring is put on the pipe, you can moisten the junction with water to prevent the sealant from tearing or sliding;
Insert the pipe all the way into the fitting... Tighten the jam nut by hand first and then use a wrench.

Advice!
Excessive use of force is not required here, as this will not make the connection more tight. When using cheap parts, the ring may be extruded, in which case the fitting will have to be completely replaced.

As a result of the actions taken, the pipe should only be slightly deformed, and this confirms that the connection is made tight. The video in this article will show in detail in practice all the stages of work to create a durable structure.

Fitting Type B Compression Fittings

Fittings of the second type are mounted in approximately the same way. The cut is cleaned of dirt, it is important to ensure that the thread in the new fitting is also clean. It can only be slightly greased with machine oil to make it easier to wrap. The sealing cone must be pressed against the inner edge of the tube; the very edge of the tube must be flared.

It is important to choose the right wrench and make sure that it is not loose, otherwise you can easily damage the nut. For example, if a connection with a diameter of 54 mm is required, it is better to use a 750 mm wrench.

Features of connecting copper pipes

The price of a copper pipeline is quite high, so it is recommended to follow a few rules when choosing materials.

It is better that they are uniform, this will increase the service life of the entire structure.
Copper should not be combined with unalloyed steels. Because of this, electrochemical processes begin between the metals that are destructive for the connection. Steel elements and even galvanized steel in this case begin to suffer from corrosion.
In extreme cases, if a dissimilar connection cannot be avoided, they are installed in front of the copper ones in the direction of the water flow.
Copper pipes go well with PVC piping parts, in this case there will be no negative consequences for the connection.
PVC pipes for sewage are increasingly replacing metal pipes, since they are cheaper, easier to install and, at the same time, are practically not inferior to them in strength and durability.

Output

Compression fittings for connecting copper pipes are used quite often, as it is both convenient and profitable. But it is important not to skimp on the quality of parts, otherwise very soon the need for repairs will arise. The more responsible you approach the selection and installation of components, the longer they will eventually serve you.