Self-made belt sander. Homemade Drum Grinder Make Metal Grinder

The image shows appearance stationary grinding machine. Due to its rather impressive dimensions, in order to optimize space, a shelf for an auxiliary tool is built into its structure.

Homemade grinding machine made in the form of a wooden structure, similar to a workbench. For greater stability, the legs of the machine are angled.

The unit is driven by an electric motor. In the context of power characteristics, it would be advisable to take an engine with indicators of 3,000 or 1,500 rpm.

The convenience of using a flanged motor lies in the fact that a rectangular plywood sheet attached to it allows for guaranteed perpendicular fixation.

An earring for the tension spring is attached to the plywood.

The working surface of the grinding machine is made up of longitudinal bars. WITH inside bars there is a frame with transverse beams. It is designed to mount the engine. Therefore, the width of the frame is determined by the area of the chipboard sheet attached to the gearbox.

A hole for the spring has been drilled in the side of the frame. It allows you to do possible connection eccentric earrings by means of a return spring.

On the side of the grinder there is an eccentric with a sanitary pin. One end of the return spiral is attached to it. The mechanism is designed to perform the belt tensioning operation. With the help of the eccentric handle, the spiral is tightened, and passing through the so-called “dead” point makes it impossible to return it to its original position.

The sanding belt is put on two drums. The first one is made in the form of a cylinder. A plywood sheet is glued to its outer surface. Pre-boring is made in a diameter that will allow you to put the cylinder on the spindle. The main parameters of the drum: circumference D - 120 mm; height H - 150 mm.

To prevent the belt from running off, the factory-made grinding machine has barrel-shaped drums. Here, a simpler method is used to achieve this goal. The boundaries of the cylinder are bordered by washers fitted to the spindle. Their diameter should be greater than the diameter of the drum pad.

On the other side of the unit, two-layer plywood is glued to the longitudinal bars. The thickness is about 40mm. A driven shaft is inserted into a specially made hole.

The shaft of the grinding machine itself is multistage and turned from a metal blank. In its structure, it has flanges, a "skirt" and a bearing.
Note the threads on one end of the shaft. It is necessary for vertical fixation, carried out using a nut

The second drum of the grinding machine has the same dimensional parameters as the first. The only difference is that at the top and at the bottom, it has specially grooved places for bearings. The cylindrical block, planted on the shaft, is fixed with a clamping nut.

To achieve a greater effect on the horizontal surface of the grinding machine, a special board was attached to it. It is located between two reels. The main condition for installing the stop is the mandatory observance of perpendicularity relative to the base. Also, under no circumstances should it touch the drums. This is necessary to prevent the tape from falling and rolling the edges of the workpiece.

The working surface is covered with a kind of platform. It is made of Finnish plywood and has a specially cut curly shape. The platform plays the role of a desktop, and at the same time does not allow the engine to fall out. Fastened with self-tapping screws.

An extension table is mounted on the side of the driving block, which is very convenient for grinding inner radii. Its fasteners are also made using self-tapping screws.

The sander is specially designed for the most affordable and popular belt sizes, which are mostly readily available. It is strongly not recommended to glue the tape cloth from roll sandpaper, which is sold in stores, on your own. Since it has a completely different quality, it quickly becomes clogged with resin and dust. Therefore, it is not effective in terms of cost, and in the end it will turn out to be much more expensive.

To make full use of the entire width of the belt, an inclined belt is used. It is attached to the work table with a plumbing pin on one side, and clamped with a lamb on the other.

Several times, the mentioned plumbing stud performs fastening functions. On one side of it, a large thread, like a self-tapping screw, is cut, and on the other - metric.

Video: do-it-yourself grinding machine.

During the sanding process, the surface of wood or metal is brought to the desired degree of smoothness. The use of special mechanisms allows you to do the job faster and better. And by making a grinding machine with your own hands, you can save a lot of money.

Types of grinding machines

Grinding is the final stage of processing the workpiece before application. protective coating... The process is carried out using grinding tools and emery materials. All machines are divided into:

surface grinding;
circular grinding;
internal grinding;
specialized.

The equipment is designed to perform:

roughing and cutting off blanks;
finishing to the final size of gears, planes, torsion surfaces;
sharpening of knives, drills, cutters.

Most often, craftsmen try to make their own drum and tape-type machines for wood.

Features of Drum Grinder

The working body of the drum machine is a drum-shaped grinding disc. As a rule, long and flat wooden parts, including shields, slats, boards, are processed on it.

base;
engine;
grinding cylinder;
device for changing the speed of the feed cylinder;
working surface;
feed cylinder;
protective box;
dust extractor;
device for adjusting the height of the working body.

The device of the machine is not difficult, so you can make it yourself in your home workshop.

Selection of parts

The electric motor can be taken from a broken washing machine, the belt, pulleys and electrical elements are also suitable from it. Optimum power electric motor 250 - 300 W at 1.5 - 3 thousand revolutions, single-phase (to make it easier to connect) and asynchronous, it is more efficient.

The drum is made from bars in the shape of a cylinder, rings of wood, cardboard tubes or a piece of plastic sewer pipe... The last option is the simplest, so more about it. The drum is put on an axle made of a metal rod up to 20 cm long.

Cut off from the PVC water pipe a segment equal to the future length of the drum, it should be slightly shorter than the rod axis.
From a board or plywood, we cut out a pair of end caps equal to the cross-section of the pipe, we make holes for the axis in the centers.
We fix the plugs with screws at the ends of the pipe (we recessed the heads).
We install the axis-rod, fix it with glue.
We glue sheet rubber on the pipe surface, which will improve the fit of the workpiece. The abrasive material can be attached to the drum with a stapler, in a spiral.

Frame homemade machine made from thick plywood or wood planks. A work surface can also be made of plywood. The body consists of a pair of side struts, a cross member and a stiffening base. The work surface must be strong enough not to bend while sanding. The movable part of the table is fastened to the hinges from the back, and from the front - by an adjusting screw. Depending on the thread pitch of the screw, it will be possible to adjust the grinding thickness.

Assembly

We hang the electric motor on the body from below. A hole for the axle is provided in advance in the housing. The drum is installed in the upper part of the bed. The axle is located at both ends on bearings in cages, fixed with screws to the side supports.

We install the pulleys on the axles and stretch the belt drive. We equip electrical wiring, switch. We place the adjusting screws: one on the bottom and a couple on the sides.

Drawings and models of homemade machines

Do-it-yourself belt sander

Device tape machine as follows: a work table is installed on the tabletop in various positions. The table is moved by rollers along cylindrical guides fixed to the calipers. On the pulleys that are above the table, put on a sanding belt, which is tightened with screws. The part is pressed with an iron to the abrasive, which moves in the transverse direction. The movement of the belt is provided by an electric motor through a belt drive.

You can make such a device yourself. The main elements of the machine are the engine, the base and the rollers. The electric motor will again fit from a washing machine (power up to 300 W, 1.5 thousand revolutions per minute). The base is cut out of metal and welded; it must be strong enough not to stagger. Dimensions (edit) worktop about 16 x 18 cm. At the end of one of the sides, 3 holes are drilled for attaching the platform with electric motors using bolts.

It is advisable to maximize the working area, this will increase the possibilities of using the machine. It is more convenient to grind parts when the table length is greater than or equal to the workpiece length.

At a speed of movement of the abrasive belt of about 20 m / s, the diameter of the cylinders should be about 20 cm. With the correct calculation, you can do without a reducer.

The master cylinder is rigidly fixed to the engine pulley, the second is the idler. It rotates freely on bearings on a fixed axis. On the side of the movable cylinder, the working surface should be slightly beveled to achieve a gentle touch of the abrasive surface. This is very important when working with glued joints.

Cylinders can be made from chipboard. Square tiles of 24 x 24 cm are sawn out of which a package is assembled on the axis and turned to a diameter of 20 cm. When grinding a drum, it is important to take into account: in the middle, its diameter should be 2.5 - 3 mm larger than at the edges.

This shape allows the abrasive belt to be positioned right in the middle. It is most convenient to use a belt 20 cm wide. In addition to grinding wood parts, this machine can sharpen any cutters, as well as process curved parts.

The video demonstrates how to make a do-it-yourself grinding machine:

Simple, homemade belt sander, made by hand: photo step by step production with a description.

With this band machine, you can quickly and easily grind, bevel on knives, sharpen axes and many other tools. You can make such a device with your own hands, we suggest looking step by step photos for the manufacture of a grinding machine.

Materials for making:

- electric motor 220 V, 2 kW, 2800 rpm;
- square steel tubes;
- Sheet steel;
- bearings;
- nuts and bolts;
- spring;
- shock absorber for the trunk lid of a car;
- wheels (you can carve them out of wood yourself).

The base of the machine will be made of thick sheet steel.

The following shows the manufacturing process telescopic rack, it will be made of two square tubes. We cut off the necessary pieces of pipe on cutting machine or grinder. Next, weld the wider pipe vertically to the base. We use corners to weld the pipe strictly vertically.

Making the adjusting unit is the longest in this homemade product. This node is needed in order to change the angle of the upper driven wheel. Thanks to this parameter, we center the belt on the wheels. This unit is made of steel plates, in more detail the assembly and operation of this unit is shown in the photo. There is nothing complicated in manufacturing, we cut blanks, drill holes, cut threads where required.

Then this adjusting unit is assembled on a long steel plate, which is welded horizontally to the post.

We install and fasten the electric motor to the base. As an emery belt tensioner, this design uses a shock absorber from the trunk of a car.

Next, we install the wheels, you can carve them yourself out of wood at the simplest lathe... We fix the driving wheel on the motor shaft, and the driven wheel rotates on the bearing. You should also install auxiliary plates under the emery tape, one plate is mounted vertically, the second horizontally.

Belt sander design

Wood is widely used for the manufacture of all kinds of products and parts. In order to properly process the wood blank, various equipment is used. Thorough high-precision processing of wood is carried out on belt grinding machines, which, as a working body have an abrasive belt .

The design of the grinding unit includes:

Abrasive belt that can be placed horizontally or vertically. It is mounted on a bed and is positioned between the rotating drums.
Lead and driven drums. The rotation of the driving drum is due to an electric motor that transmits torque through a belt drive. The speed of rotation of the leading element, and hence the speed of the belt, can be adjusted by specially set surface treatment modes.
The equipment table can be wood or metal. More complex workpieces can be sharpened on a metal base.
The electric motor should have a power of about 2.8 kW and be able to supply the belt normal speed at 20 meters per second.
A special installation hood must be installed so that during technological process it was possible to remove the dust generated during operation.

Length of the machine and its working tool depends on the length of the products... which will be processed on it. It is much more convenient to work with workpieces that are shorter than the working surface.

What are grinding machines for?

As a rule, the equipment is used for finishing mechanical processing products at the final stages of production. Belt grinders can work both with wood and metal.

Woodworking equipment is capable of final leveling of surfaces... remove roughness and irregularities in the form of elevations or recesses, peel off burrs, grind curves, do internal grinding, achieve even and smooth surfaces of the product.

Metalworking machines work with non-ferrous metals in the form of flat, round and rectangular blanks and with plain and alloy steel. They are capable of rationally and for a short time grind large-diameter pipes and round timber.

In addition, belt grinders intended:

for sanding products before the paintwork procedure;
for processing bar and panel blanks, their side edges and ends;
for processing flat surfaces;
for grinding curved surfaces.

Manufacturing instruction

Having studied the design of the equipment, you should decide what its main elements will be made of.

What to make the frame out of?

It is best to make a work table from thick iron. The ideal dimensions of the canvas are 500x180x20 mm. However, the larger the dimensions of the bed, the more options for various parts on it can be processed.

Large work surface will be much more convenient and functional than a small bed. To make it you will need:

Cut one of the sides of the canvas prepared for the table using milling machine for metal.
Make markup.
Drill three holes at the end of the cut workpiece.
Secure the platform to the bed with three bolts.

Selection and installation of the engine for the machine

The motor for the unit can be a motor from a washing machine. If this is not available, then you can choose a motor, the rated power of which will be up to 3 kW, and the intensity of work - about 1500 rpm... The power unit for the grinding machine should be firmly and securely fixed to the bed.

Lead and driven drums

You can make such elements for a grinding machine with your own hands from a material such as chipboard. This requires:

Cut out blanks with dimensions of 200x200 mm from a chipboard sheet.
Assemble a package with a thickness of 240 mm from the obtained blanks.
Fold everything and grind to optimal diameter in 200 mm.
Fasten the drive drum to the motor shaft. It will set the tape in motion.
Fasten the driven drum around the bed axis on bearings. In this case, there must be a special bevel on the side of the drum. This will help ensure that the tape is soft against the work surface.

When making drums, it is worth considering that diameter of their central part should be a couple of millimeters larger than the outer diameter. This is necessary to ensure the stable operation of the equipment, since the flexible tape will be in the middle of the drum.

DIY sanding belt

Several sanding strips can be used as a sanding belt. They will need to be cut into pieces 200 mm long and glued together. Ideal option the basis for the canvas will be a tarp.

Having assembled a structure from all the selected elements, you can safely proceed to wood processing.

Grinding machine from hand sander

Taking a hand sander as a basis, the rest of the equipment parts can be made with your own hands from chipboard, pine and birch blocks. The U-shaped stop is glued with PVA glue, the other elements of the unit are connected with screws.

The base of the machine can serve as hinges connected two pieces of chipboard... For greater strength, the hinges are fixed with M6 bolts.

The sander is installed to the base using bars, which are pre-adjusted to the shape of the body and glued with pieces of rubber on top.

The grinder is attached to the front suitable size furniture confirmants. With their help, the grinding plane can be set in the desired position.

The machine is attached to the back with a bar and two screws. Pieces of soft rubber can be glued under the body to keep the thrust pad with the grinding plane in line.

In the horizontal part of the U-shaped stop, you can make a groove for moving a small carriage, which can be useful I am for sharpening knives electric planer .

After fixing and adjusting the grinder, the machine can be used.

Having studied the options for making a belt sander with your own hands, and clearly following the instructions, you can acquire multifunctional equipment. Such equipment will be able not only to grind wood products, but also to sharpen any cutting tools.

Homemade wood sander do it yourself

During manufacture wooden structures it is imperative to clean their surfaces. Manual labor will take a long time and will not be productive. Factory grinding centers are expensive. Therefore, in some cases, it is more advisable to make a machine with your own hands.

Drum machine design

Factory Grinding Machine

Manufacturing should begin with a study of the design features of this type of equipment. The drum-type grinding machine is designed for processing wooden surfaces, aligning and deburring them.

The device belongs to the type of surface grinders for wood, which perform the function of calibration. There are many models and types of equipment. But the main task before making the unit with your own hands is the choice of the optimal design. The best option is a detailed acquaintance with factory analogs and drawing up a manufacturing scheme based on the data obtained.

Structurally, the machine should consist of the following components:

frame. The main parts of the equipment are attached to it;
power unit. Most often, an asynchronous electric motor is installed for this;
grinding drum. It is important to choose the right diameter, the way of removing the shavings. With your own hands, you can make a base on which an emery tape is installed. Or order a cylindrical head from a professional turner with cutting edge... It all depends on the type of work;
a device for changing the frequency of the motor shaft;
Desktop. The workpiece will be located on it. Experts recommend making this component from fiberglass when making a machine with your own hands;

Additionally, drum grinding equipment can provide a mechanism for removing dust and chips from the processing area. It is also recommended to make a work table with a variable height relative to the snare drum. This will allow you to process part of the end of the wooden blank.

If it is necessary to grind the outer or inner plane of the board, the drum should be placed horizontally. In this case, the possibility of its height adjustment is provided.

Types of drum grinding machines

Drum machine for wood with horizontal processing

The next step is the choice of the design of the machine for wood. The main parameter is the shape of the wooden blank and the degree of its processing. Homemade equipment drum type is intended for the formation of flat and smooth surfaces with a small area.

Factory production lines require dedicated processing centers. They have complex functionality and can simultaneously perform several operations. However, their main disadvantage is their high cost. Therefore, it is impractical to consider them as home equipment.

There are the following types of machining centers:

surface grinding. Machining is carried out in one plane. Can be used as an example for self-production;
circular grinding. Designed for processing cylindrical surfaces. For this, the complete set includes several nozzles with different diameters;
planetary. With their help, a flat plane is formed on products with a large area.

For a complete set of a small home workshop, surface grinding models are most often chosen. They are distinguished by their simple design, availability of components and relatively fast production.

In addition to leveling, drum sander can remove paint or varnish layers. They are used for restoration old furniture or wooden parts the interior with your own hands.

Self-made grinding machine

Homemade grinding drum

The most simple model do-it-yourself machine is a drill that is mounted on a bed. Grinding cylinders are machined from wood and sandpaper with the required grain size is attached to their surface.

But this design has little functionality. For processing medium volumes, it is recommended to make equipment for wood according to a different principle. First of all, you need to choose the right power unit. Most often, an electric motor with a power of up to 2 kW and a speed of up to 1500 rpm is used. These requirements are met by asynchronous models, which can be taken from the old household appliances- a washing machine or vacuum cleaner.

The procedure for making a homemade machine.

Frame. It must be stable enough. Therefore, it is made from sheet steel with a thickness of 1.5 mm or more. Alternatively, you can consider 10 mm plexiglass.
The motor is installed so that the shaft is in a vertical plane.
Drum for processing. If you plan to perform only grinding work, an abrasive belt is installed on it. For deeper processing, you will need to make a steel taper with a cutting edge.
Desktop. It is located at the top of the diagram. It is recommended to make it adjustable with respect to a stationary cylinder.
Control block. In do-it-yourself designs, they rarely provide for the ability to adjust the engine speed. Therefore, the block will consist of buttons for turning the unit on and off.

Chips and wood dust will inevitably form during the operation of the equipment. You can improve the design by installing a household vacuum cleaner in the processing area.

In the video, you can see an example of the work of a self-made structure:

Sample drawings

How to make a grinding machine with your own hands: instructions, description and recommendations

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Belt sander: we study and do it yourself

A belt sander is used when it is necessary to finish machining parts, that is, as equipment for finishing technological operations. Most often, such machines are used in the furniture industry, with their help, they process parts made from wood of various species. But a belt sander can also be used for processing metal parts, for which a belt with an appropriate abrasive material is used.

Applications of the machine

The main tasks that the belt machine of the grinding group performs are: finish alignment of the processed surface, bringing the level of surface roughness to the required level, bringing the processed surfaces to the level of smoothness before coating them with varnish and other finishing materials... Also, a tape machine is used to eliminate minor defects of the processed surface: depressions, elevations and burrs, processing topcoat: removal of beads of primer and varnish, burr, grinding of internal surfaces, processing of curves on the surface of the part.

A factory-made version, the drawings of which can be used to create a similar home-made device.

The band machine can be used to machine parts made from various materials: wood, steel and alloy steel. non-ferrous metals. What is convenient, you can process parts that have different shape: square, round and flat. With the help of such equipment, it is possible to process round and tubular parts with a large diameter of their cross-section.

Design features of the machine

The working tool of any belt surface grinding machine is a belt on the surface of which an abrasive powder is applied. It is made in the form of a ring and is placed between two rotating drums, one of which is the master and the second is the slave.

Rotation to the drive shaft of the band machine is transmitted from an electric motor, which is connected to it by means of a belt drive. The speed of the belt mechanism can be adjusted, thereby changing the modes of processing parts. The belt of a surface grinding machine can be positioned horizontally or vertically, as well as at a certain angle, which is allowed by some models of equipment in this category.

When choosing a model of a belt sander for processing a particular part, it is important to take into account the length of the surface that needs to be sanded. It is much more convenient to process parts on such machines, the surface length of which is less than the length of the abrasive belt and the working table. If these conditions are met, the processing quality will be much higher.

A homemade version of the machine is not so difficult to implement in a home workshop.

A belt sander can have various designs: with a movable and fixed working table, with a free belt. Wide-belt equipment belongs to a separate category, the peculiarity of which is that their working table, which is at the same time a feeding element, is made in the form of a caterpillar. In those models of equipment in the design of which a work table is provided, the abrasive belt is located in a horizontal plane, and in equipment with a free belt, in which a work table is not provided, it can have a different spatial position.

Compulsory structural element any belt sander, including a table-top one, is an exhaust device that is necessary to remove dust generated in large quantities during processing. Whether professional or any homemade sander used in a home workshop or garage is powered by an electric motor.

Principle of operation

The main parameters of the belt sander are the feed rate and the force with which the belt is pressed against the workpiece. Parameters such as the degree of graininess of the abrasive belt should be selected depending on what material the workpiece is made of, as well as on the degree of roughness that the surface of the workpiece should have.

The characteristics of the material to be processed, in particular its hardness, primarily affect the grain size with which an abrasive belt should be selected. The processing modes, which are directly related to each other, are feed rate and belt clamping force. So, if you grind at high speed, but with a slight pressure of the abrasive belt, then some parts of the surface of the part may be untreated. If, on the contrary, you increase the clamping force and reduce the feed rate, you may encounter the fact that burn-through and blackening of the material may appear in certain areas of the treated surface.

Another variation of the machine is a view from the side of the working surface of the belt

The sanding results are also influenced by how well the abrasive belt is glued. To obtain high quality processing and do not encounter malfunctions in the operation of the belt machine, do not use abrasive belts that are not glued correctly or have torn edges. When putting the tape on the shafts of the equipment, it should be positioned so that the overlapping end of the seam does not lift up against the surface of the workpiece, but slips along it. Learn more about gluing tape in the video below.

Anyone, including a hand-held grinding machine, must provide for the possibility of adjusting the belt tension, which is ensured by moving the movable shaft, which is not a drive shaft. Belt tension is very important parameter, when choosing which should be guided by the rule of the "golden mean". If the belt of the grinding machine is pulled too tight, it can lead to its breaking during operation, and too weak belt tension causes slippage and, as a result, its excessive heating. The main characteristic for determining the degree of belt tension is its deflection arrow, which is measured by lightly pressing on its surface in a taut state.

The manual belt machine of the grinding group can be operated by one operator, who moves the working table with the workpiece and turns it so that all parts of its surface are brought under the abrasive belt.

How to make a belt sander

Many home craftsmen and professionals are wondering how to make a grinding machine with their own hands. The reason for this question is quite simple: the high cost of serial grinding equipment, which, with irregular use, not everyone can afford. In order to make such equipment, you will need several basic components: an electric motor, rollers and a reliable bed. Naturally, drawings of such a device or its photo will not be superfluous. Also, at the end of the article, you can watch videos on assembling a band machine on your own.

The motor for belt sander is easy to find and can be removed from a used washing machine. The bed will have to be made independently, for this you can use a sheet of metal with dimensions of 500x180x20 mm. One side of the frame should be cut very evenly, since it will be necessary to attach a platform to it, on which the electric motor will be mounted. The platform for the electric motor should also be made of a sheet of metal with dimensions of 180x160x10 mm. Such a platform must be fixed to the bed very securely with a few bolts.

Another version of the bed

The efficiency of a belt sander directly depends on the characteristics of the electric motor that is installed on it. If you are going to make a grinding machine with your own hands, then an electric motor with a power of 2.5-3 kW, which develops about 1500 rpm, is quite suitable for you. In order for the sanding belt to move at a speed of 20 m / s when using such a motor, the drums must have a diameter of the order of 200 mm. What is convenient, if you choose a motor with such characteristics, then you do not need to make a gearbox for your grinding machine.

The drive shaft is directly connected to the motor shaft, and the second, the driven shaft, must rotate freely on the axis, which is installed in the bearing assemblies. In order for the abrasive belt to touch the surface of the workpiece more smoothly, the section of the bed on which the driven shaft is installed should be made with a slight bevel.

It is possible to make shafts for a belt sander with minimal financial costs from chipboard plates... Just cut square billets 200x200 mm in size from such a plate, drill central holes in them and put them on the axle with a package with a total thickness of 240 mm. After that, you just have to grind the resulting package and make a round shaft with a diameter of about 200 mm out of it.

Drawings and detailed analysis some parts of the machine made of wood.

Wood belt sander (click to enlarge)

Table Tilt Adjustment Mechanism Plate Block Belt Tensioner Machine Assembly

In order for the tape to be located strictly in the middle of the shaft, the diameter of its central part should be 2–3 mm larger than at the edges. And in order to exclude slippage of the tape on the drum, it is necessary to wind a layer of thin rubber on it, for which you can use old tire from the bicycle wheel, after cutting it along its entire length.

The sanding belt for such a machine, the optimal width of which should correspond to 200 mm, is made from ordinary emery cloth. A standard blade is cut into strips of the required width, and an abrasive tape is glued from them. It should be borne in mind that the material is glued end-to-end; for this, a dense fabric is placed on the reverse side, which will strengthen the resulting seam. The properties of such a seam are greatly influenced by glue, it must be of very high quality, then the material will not tear along the seam after a short use.

Several more options for the manufacture of belt grinders can be seen in the video below.

On a homemade belt sander, you can not only process wood products, but also use it to sharpen various tools: chisels, secateurs, knives, axes, etc. In addition, on such machines you can process parts that have a curved surface.

Wood sander - do it yourself or buy?

One of the main ways of processing wood (after sawing, of course) is sanding. Manual way known for a long time - wooden block wrapped with sandpaper, and with the help of such a simple device, the workpiece is given the required shape.

The method is unproductive and requires a fair amount of physical effort. Wood craftsmen regularly use small mechanization.

Types of grinding machines

A variety of ready-made devices are on sale with which you can process wooden blanks of any size. To understand the mechanism of work, consider some of them:

Disc sander

As the name suggests, the working surface is made in the form of a disc.

The design is quite simple - a circle with good rigidity is put on the axis of the electric motor. The outer surface has a Velcro coating on which sandpaper is attached. No gearboxes or drive mechanisms are required. The grinding effort is small, the rotor axis can handle the loads quite well.

In the transverse plane, at the level of the center of the disc, a handcuff is installed. It can be hinged, which allows you to machine workpieces at a fixed angle.

A feature of disk machines is the adjustment of the processing speed without changing the number of revolutions of the axis. You simply move the workpiece along the radius of the circle. With the same angular velocity, the linear velocity is higher at the periphery.

Belt sander

A strip of sandpaper, connected in a continuous tape, is stretched between two shafts.

Moreover, emery in working area does not sag under the pressure of the workpiece. A persistent working plane is installed under the belt, made of a material with a low coefficient of friction. By pressing the material to be processed against the plane, the operator obtains an endless abrasive surface.

The quality, and ease of processing, cannot be compared with hand tools... In mass production wooden products, such a sled is an indispensable attribute of any workshop.

The main feature is a predictable result throughout the entire plane. You can level the ends of a sufficiently long length.

The working surface can be horizontal or vertical, as well as the direction of movement of the belt.

Drum sander

Such a device can be attributed to grinding units with some stretch. The main application is horizontal alignment of planes using the jointer technique.

The principle of operation is as follows - sandpaper is fixed on one or two drums. The most common way is spiral winding. Below, under the drum, there is a flat table. The distance between the processing surface and the table is adjustable. By setting a fixed height, you can calibrate the same type of products by leveling the thickness of the workpieces.

Grinding machine two in one

To save space (and money), manufacturers often combine the two types of fixtures in one design.

This allows not only to reduce purchase costs, but also to improve the usability. When processing one part, you can enjoy the advantages of two grinding units at once: disc and belt. In this case, the engine is used alone, and the load on it does not increase much.

Looking at ready-made structures, it becomes clear how to make a grinding machine with your own hands. There are no problems with consumables, so you can immediately design the device for specific tasks. Any universal fixture loses to a narrow profile.

DIY grinding machine

When you have a ready-made (and shareware) electric motor, all mechanisms are designed around it. If you still have to purchase the engine, it makes sense to choose it according to the parameters.
Main characteristic- definitely power. RPMs are not so important, they can be adjusted by the pulley (for belt drives) or the diameter of the circle (for disc models).

Calculation of the power of the grinding machine

Consider a tape drive as an example.
The motor power is calculated using a complex formula, but in the presence of the initial data, it is not difficult to obtain the desired value.

q - workpiece pressure on the working surface of emery (N / cm²)
S - the area of contact of the workpiece with emery (cm²)
K is the coefficient of the working surface of the sanding paper in relation to the workpiece. Depends on the grain size and density of the wood. Limit of values: 0.2 - 0.6
k - coefficient of friction of the reverse side of emery on the thrust working plane
U - speed of linear movement of the tape (m / s)
n - system efficiency.

Important! Traditionally, in the manufacture of homemade products, calculations are carried out "by eye". Then, when you turn it on for the first time, it turns out that the power is either excessive (we fire from the cannons at the sparrows), or the engine stops at the slightest pressing of the workpiece on the working plane. Therefore, the calculation of the parameters should be taken more seriously.

If you decide to create a wood machine with your own hands, you will need drawings. The illustration shows how important it is to comply with all standards and sizes.

Even with a slight misalignment, the machine simply will not work. The belt will "move" to the side, and the motor shaft will vibrate. And the tension unit must be assembled with high precision.

You should also take care of safety (the sharp edge of the emery tape, when rotating, can cause serious injury). And sawdust flying in all directions (or even worse - wood dust) require eye protection. Usually, an elementary transparent screen above the working area is enough.

Homemade wood sander - an example of a successful design

We do not forget about the safety of work. We attach the arch on top of the rotating disk - protective cover... This is not a measure for aesthetics, touching a rotating disc can break a finger or seriously damage the skin.

Important! The surface of the handrail should be sanded to perfect smoothness. Varnish coating undesirable, it will be unevenly erased, and the workpiece will be difficult to move.

The drum machine can be assembled in the same way. It will be useful, for example, when preparing floorboards or wooden tables.

The main thing is the massive frame. The thrust bearings and wide drum are from a decommissioned belt conveyor, as is the engine.

The main task is to provide a perfect horizon between the axis of the drum and the table top. The working surface is sanded until the final polishing. It is better to take the material for the table harder.

Oak planks are too expensive, so beech can be used. Required element drum grinder- table height regulator. The screw mechanism must have a lock, from spontaneous unwinding during vibration.

If the bed is not very heavy, you should fix the legs to the floor. Otherwise, the machine could be overturned during work. When processing thick and uneven boards, the effort is made serious.

Output:
It is not at all necessary to spend your savings on the purchase of industrial machines. All considered structures can be made independently.

No home craftsman is complete without hand power tools... But sometimes there comes a time when there is not enough such a tool, and the help of serious equipment is required. For example, a belt sander is capable of treating the surfaces of large parts. Industrial units are too expensive, so many craftsmen make their own grinding machines.

Belt sander design

The design of the grinding unit includes:

Abrasive belt that can be placed horizontally or vertically. It is mounted on a bed and is positioned between the rotating drums.
Lead and driven drums. The rotation of the driving drum is due to the electric motor, which transmits the torque through the belt drive. The speed of rotation of the leading element, and hence the speed of the belt, can be adjusted by specially set surface treatment modes.
The equipment table can be wood or metal. More complex workpieces can be sharpened on a metal base.
The electric motor should have a power of about 2.8 kW and be able to provide the belt with a normal speed of 20 meters per second.
A special installation hood must be installed so that during the technological process it is possible to remove the dust generated during operation.

Length of the machine and its working tool depends on the length of the products that will be processed on it. It is much more convenient to work with workpieces that are shorter than the working surface.

What are grinding machines for?

As a rule, the equipment is used for finishing machining of products at the final stages of production. Belt grinders can work both with wood and metal.

Woodworking equipment is capable of final leveling of surfaces, remove roughness and unevenness in the form of elevations or indentations, peel off burrs, grind curves, do internal grinding, achieve even and smooth surfaces of the product.

Metalworking machines work with non-ferrous metals in the form of flat, round and rectangular blanks and with plain and alloy steel. They are able to grind large-diameter pipes and round timber efficiently and in a short time.

In addition, belt grinders intended:

for sanding products before the paintwork procedure;
for processing bar and panel blanks, their side edges and ends;
for processing flat surfaces;
for grinding curved surfaces.

Manufacturing instruction

Having studied the design of the equipment, you should decide what its main elements will be made of.

What to make the frame out of?

Large work surface will be much more convenient and functional than a small bed. To make it you will need:

Cut one of the sides of the canvas prepared for the table using a metal milling machine.
Make markup.
Drill three holes at the end of the cut workpiece.
Secure the platform to the bed with three bolts.

Selection and installation of the engine for the machine

Lead and driven drums

You can make such elements for a grinding machine with your own hands from a material such as chipboard. This requires:

Cut out blanks with dimensions of 200x200 mm from a chipboard sheet.
Assemble a package with a thickness of 240 mm from the obtained blanks.
Fold and grind everything to an optimal diameter of 200 mm.
Fasten the drive drum to the motor shaft. It will set the tape in motion.
Fasten the driven drum around the bed axis on bearings. In this case, there must be a special bevel on the side of the drum. This will help ensure that the tape is soft against the work surface.

DIY sanding belt

Several sanding strips can be used as a sanding belt. They will need to be cut into pieces 200 mm long and glued together. The ideal base for the canvas would be a tarp.

Having assembled a structure from all the selected elements, you can safely proceed to wood processing.

Grinding machine from hand sander

The base of the machine can serve as hinges connected two pieces of chipboard... For greater strength, the hinges are fixed with M6 bolts.

The sander is installed to the base using bars, which are pre-adjusted to the shape of the body and glued with pieces of rubber on top.

At the front, the grinder is attached with a suitable size furniture confirmation. With their help, the grinding plane can be set in the desired position.

The machine is attached to the back with a bar and two screws. Pieces of soft rubber can be glued under the body to keep the thrust pad with the grinding plane in line.

In the horizontal part of the U-shaped stop, you can make a groove for moving a small carriage, which can be useful I am for sharpening knives electric planer.

After fixing and adjusting the grinder, the machine can be used.