What cutters are used on milling machines. Milling cutter for metal processing on a milling machine

Machining manufactured parts with a milling cutter presents many possibilities. Details with the necessary grooves, grooves of various shapes are necessary for a quality finish. Operations for working with manual equipment on wood are performed with a special tool - milling cutters. Each type of action provides a separate type of equipment used.

Classification and types of cutters for woodworking

Power tool for working with lumber - manual type milling cutter. The surfaces of parts made of wood are subject to work with the help of special devices. The manufacture of products that require the necessary grooves, recesses and recesses implies the use of. Before starting, you need to purchase equipment designed for specific purposes according to the configuration of the product.

The choice of a tool that processes wood occurs according to the specification of handicrafts. Professionals have enough experience and skills to use the right equipment. A wood cutter has many purposes:

• When edging, it is used to connect workpieces by splicing grooves.
• Making recesses for use, installation of hinged loops, other devices.
• Making decor - in this case, a cutter is used to make a pattern or in woodworking processes with a complex configuration.

The tool differs greatly in the type of configurations, purpose. Before starting the actions performed with the tree, it is necessary to determine the type and types used for blanks. The unit of measurement of the tail is calculated in millimeters or inches, depending on the type of router used. Common options are types of cutters with a diameter of 6 to 12 mm. It is worth concentrating on the fact that the use of an inch collet and a millimeter tail is unacceptable, as this can cause equipment damage or injury.

Kit manufacturers provide various modifications. On the construction market, there is a large selection of types of milling cutters for manual milling, depending on the purpose and material used in the manufacture. The equipment of a handheld device can be used for processing plastic and metal, but it is most widely used in wood processing. The main varieties for working with wood.

1. The production of grooves, the formation of recesses is carried out by end types of cutters.
2. Groove, the used cylindrical cutter for wood processes the required groove of a rectangular shape.
3. Shaped tooling for wood is used in curly recesses, edges, and allows you to give the product a unique look.
4. Edge bands are made in a design with a bearing, which allows you to make a product according to a template.

It is important to remember that the presence of a bearing in a hand mill implies its maintenance. It is necessary to lubricate the rotating element with a thin layer, this action is carried out in order to achieve a long tool life.

End mills

End devices in design and appearance are similar to a conventional drill. A distinctive feature is the absence of a conical part at the end of the cutter. On the end part, located to the sides at an angle of 90 degrees, cutting teeth are made. The design feature allows you to perform various operations. The main types of work performed include:

• Production of products with grooves of a certain depth, through holes.
• Open products.
• Drilling, or processing the edges of the part.

The main functions of a manual milling cutter of the end type of cutters are to obtain grooves for locks and hinges installed in doors. The kit is multifunctional, with the help of prepared equipment and a competent approach, you can perform many interesting elements.

Edge cutters for wood

Edging devices are used for the manufacture of a variety of types of edges and recesses. Wood products can be processed with a manual milling cutter with edge cutters for complete processing. The edge view is the most common in use and has many modifications:

• Profile sets process parts in such a way as to give the necessary shape to the edges.
• Molders have the ability to round the edge of the part by a quarter of a circle.
• Tapered chamfer, the angle of which is often 45 degrees.
• Disk are used to make chamfers in parts, making subsequent connections possible.
• Folded ones process the part from the edge, leaving a quarter of the height.
• Fillets are needed to make a groove, which is drawn into a quarter of a circle.

Edge cutters for wood used for a hand router are often equipped with a bearing, the function of which is to limit the depth of required processing. Departure adjustment of the processing area is made by adjustment on the tool itself. Performing processing of massive parts requires many attempts. A manual milling cutter works on wood in several stages until the thrust bearing begins to operate.

Groove cutters for wood

The main purpose of the type of grooving for wood is the manufacture of grooves using a hand-held power tool. There are enough varieties of devices, a groove cutter, allows you to perform actions on wood with a manual milling cutter. The main types of groove cutters:

• Spiral, resembling a drill, formed with a helical edge of the outer type. They make it possible to produce parts with recesses and grooves with a right angle.
• Fillet - made with a rounded tip.
• Conical are often used for operations with planes.
• Shaped allow you to make recesses of the required structure.
• "T" figurative, cutters "Dovetail".
• Combined are used when joining large wooden parts.

Most of the types are made in a monolithic format, tooling made of carbide metal is less common.

Copy cutters

The least common type of attachment for hand-held woodworking tasks are copy cutters. Distinctive features are numerous types of cutting elements, different arrangement of thrust bearings and small dimensions. The milling head, for wood crafts, is arranged in the shape of an arc. The recess in the workpiece depends on the machining angle.

Using a template tool allows you to achieve the desired result when working with wooden blanks. The hand router must be used with precision and care, failure to comply may result in damage to the part or electrical equipment.

Milling cutter designs and their influence on the production technology of milling operations

The tools under consideration are divided into several main categories, classified by type and purpose. They perform their functions not only under axial load, they have the ability to move during operation, due to the presence of side edges. Cutting edges, or rather their number, directly depends on the quality of the actions performed by a manual router.

The tool used for processing is considered to be a manual milling cutter. There are means of execution of the crown type, they allow you to perform work with an ordinary drill. In this case, the milling head used on wood performs the role of edge processing, making simple holes.

The design and manufacture of products with grooves of the required depth and dimensions is carried out using end mills. Knives used for wood cutters are subjected to considerable stress. Prevention of over-machining has an effect, due to the use of bearings. End mills for a hand router allow you to create joints in wooden structures using a tenon / groove system.

To make the necessary hole on the tree, you will need a burr. In most cases, such a tool is used in intermediate processing. Cones allow you to "open" the hole to the required depth, after which further actions are performed.

Types of cutter construction

There are many designs and varieties of tooling for a manual woodworking machine. When choosing a tool, you should pay attention to the purpose, the device of the equipment. The shape of sharpening cutters can be of two types - helical and straight. The use of a straight form of sharpening can lead to rapid damage to the equipment, and the final product may turn out to have gouges and burrs.

For woodworking with a manual milling cutter, the best option is to use a tool with a helical line of teeth arrangement. The only drawback is the impossibility of sharpening with improvised means, in order to return to its former sharpness, it is necessary to use special equipment. Using milling cutters, for work with a manual wood router, you should pay attention to the sharpening angle. The wooden surface is best processed with a tool whose sharpening angle is not more than 90 degrees. The design provides for efficient chip removal, thereby achieving maximum tool action.

prefabricated

The most common type on the market is prefabricated. It consists of a blank, welded on top of the edges. Ease of manufacture makes them the most attractive to the manufacturer. The relatively low price allows you not to waste time on sharpening, but simply replace it with a new one when the sharpness is lost.

With interchangeable cutting edges

Milling cutters with replaceable edges. They have replaceable cutting edges, when there is a loss of sharpness of the knife on one side, it is possible to turn the tool over, then continue working.

Monolithic

Monolithic cutters have cutting edges at the base. They are distinguished by increased strength, however, after short work and subsequent sharpening, the part quickly loses its cutting properties.

Types of cutter blades

The materials used in the manufacture of wood cutters differ in some characteristics. The first type of material is high speed steel. Products made from this material are marked with HSS symbols. With a hand tool, using this type of rig will easily process soft wood. Due to the pointed properties, the working speed is increased in relation to the solid cutter.

The cutting part can be made of carbide metals. Such products are designated HM, mainly used in the processing of hardwood. A distinctive feature is strength and resistance to elevated temperatures. It will be difficult to qualitatively process soft wood species with such a cutter, since the frequency of the performed actions differs markedly from high-speed materials.

Functional cutter sets

Often you can find on sale functional sets that consist of two or more elements. This set includes accessories and nozzles for a wood router. The main purpose of such kits is the processing of two or more parts to obtain the same type of connection. For example, there is a set of 2 cutters, one of which forms an edge inside the product, and the second allows you to make a groove part.

There are universal options that, due to the design, can be used for various purposes. The collapsible part involves the replacement of knives for the cutter, after which work with wood is performed.

It is worth noting that the presence of a table for storing all types of equipment equipment will reduce the time for the actions performed, and it is also possible to build a kind of milling machine. By installing movable stops on the table, the master expands the range of possibilities of the tool for woodworking.

Applications

The use of any type of equipment involves dangerous work with rotating parts. When working with wood, you need to remember safety precautions. The implementation of complex elements is not done in one go, the edges of the cutter must be sharpened for the best result.

Wood carving with a milling cutter

Getting started, you should understand what type of cutter you need to use. The edging category tool has received a high prevalence. This category makes it possible to produce almost all types of woodwork with your own hands. Groove or cylindrical cutters are mainly used for making recesses in the ends of the material.

How to choose a wood cutter for a manual router

The choice of milling cutters on the building materials market is very rich. The price range is varied, it is not always possible to determine whether the purchase is made correctly. It is necessary to adhere to several basic conditions for the correct choice of a wood cutter.

1. Quality. It is worth paying attention to the appearance of the part. The product must be burr-free, have high-quality threads, seats.
2. Thermal strength is indicated in the passport, the higher, the better and more reliable for further use.
3. Solder material, as well as the connection of the tail with the part responsible for cutting.

The quality of product soldering plays an important role in operations with lumber. When working with hardwoods, a certain margin of safety of the tool is necessary. Solder is divided into types and brands, when buying, you need to pay attention to its quality in the cutter. It is advisable to pay attention to the tool, the solder grade of which is not lower than PSr 37.5. The higher the number, the better the indicators of reliability and quality of the part. The brand is indicated in the composition by the amount of copper and silver. When connected by welding, the use of a router becomes unsafe and pointless.

Solid cutters must be checked before use. The quality of the metal is determined by the file. If there are noticeable scratches or cracks, then you should postpone this tool. Optimum metal hardness from 58 units. The quality of work performed by a manual router directly depends on the availability of fixtures and kits.

Choosing the right tool is the right way to a good result when working with wood. A cutter made for a wood router must meet all standards and be of high quality. There are many kits that are designed for woodworking. A high-quality kit guarantees not only the completed tasks, but also safe work.

Recently, the demand for special devices (milling cutters) for nail care has increased. If earlier such a technique could only be found in the office of a beauty salon, now the range of routers has expanded, prices have dropped significantly and any woman can afford to perform a hardware manicure or pedicure at home. In order for your fingers to always have an impeccable appearance, it is enough to perform the procedure several times a month. It is very easy to use the device for processing nails and it is not necessary to sign up for training with a professional. You can master the technique of hardware manicure at home by studying video tutorials and a step-by-step master class with photos. For home nail care, an inexpensive router up to 10,000 rpm is suitable. Direct the handle of the device from the center to the edges, keeping the angle of inclination of the nozzle at 45 °.

In addition to the machine itself, cutters are included in the hardware manicure kit. These are special nozzles that are easily fixed on the rotating head in the router handle. Milling cutters have a different shape and size, are made of different materials, differ in the degree of abrasiveness. By purpose, they are divided into the following groups: for processing the free edge of the nail and shaping it, for grinding the surface of the nail plate, for polishing nails, for removing keratinized cuticles, for removing rough skin around the fingers, for grinding corns and calluses on the legs (nozzles for pedicure). If the set of the device model you have chosen includes a minimum number of nozzles, then you can always buy a set of cutters you need for a milling machine.

What cutters are needed for high-quality hardware manicure? The home set for a milling machine can be supplemented with miniature nozzles, with which it is easy to process the sinuses of the nail folds and other hard-to-reach areas of the skin on the hands and feet. If you need diamond tips with a fine abrasive to correct the cuticle, then when processing a thick layer of keratinized skin or shaping extended nails, you need to use ceramic cutters with a large abrasive. With the help of silicone nozzles, you can quickly remove the remains of dead skin and polish your nails for shine. Hardware manicure is one of the safest procedures for home nail care. If your nail plates are very brittle and often delaminate, if the skin around your nails is very delicate and is constantly injured during trimming manicure with well-sharpened tools, then be sure to buy a router with a set of different cutters.

♦ TYPES OF NOZZLES FOR MILLING

A detailed description of the functional features of cutters for hardware manicure and pedicure will help you choose the right nozzle options for your machine. First, consider the types of cutters that differ in the material of manufacture.

▪ Ceramic (baked);

▪ Diamond (sputtering of natural or artificial stone);

▪ Metallic (hard alloys or steel);

▪ Combined (silicon-carbide).

CERAMIC:


Usually these are hard and rather large nozzles for a milling machine, with which it is convenient to process thick and dense nails, rough calluses and corns, overgrown keratinized cuticles. Ceramic cutters with varying degrees of abrasiveness differ in color: dark brown and black - up to 400 microns, white - up to 200 microns, pink and blue - up to 100 microns;

DIAMOND:


These nozzles are made in two ways: in the process of electrolysis, small chips are applied to the base (precipitated); diamond dust is mixed with a special adhesive and heat-treated while bonding to the base. Diamond-coated cutters very delicately remove the stratum corneum from the thin cuticle, clean the nail folds from dry skin and even out the thinned nail plate. The abrasiveness of diamond tips can be determined by the shade and number of notches, as well as by the color of the base;

METAL:


Made from hard alloys and high quality medical steel. Carbide and tungsten carbide bits can be used on artificial nails, old corns and calluses. Particularly popular are cutters made of alloyed medical steel, which do not turn keratinized skin into dust, but remove a thin layer of chips. Metal nozzles differ in the notch pattern. For example, cutters for manicure and pedicure with a cross-shaped notch quickly remove keratinized skin, and with an oblique or straight notch it is convenient to give the desired shape to the nail plates;

COMBINED:


These are disposable silicon carbide caps that are inexpensive and very easy to use. Combined nozzles are suitable for home hardware manicure for both beginners and professional masters. The hardness of such caps can be determined by a number: for polishing - 280-320 grit, for correcting the free edge - 80-100 grit, grinding - 150 grit.

♦ NOZZLE SHAPE

To make it easier to determine which cutter is for what, pay attention to the color and shape of the instance. It is also important to determine if the bit you have chosen is suitable for your router. In addition to the working tip, the cutter has a shank, the length of which must correspond to the length of the clamp of the device handle. Check that the cutter is inserted all the way, fixed and firmly held in the socket.

Cylindrical.


A universal option, which is usually included in a hardware manicure and pedicure kit. It is convenient to adjust the shape of the nail with a cylindrical nozzle, process side ridges, remove the top layers of gel polish or other coating;

Trapezoidal.


Outwardly, they resemble a finely porous sponge. Trapezoidal cutters level the surface of the nails, grind the cut of the free edge, remove notches, grind small calluses on the fingers;

"Drums".

These are cylindrical nozzles with a high grain size of the working surface. It is used to correct thick nail plates, to grind rough skin, to correct the nail growth line between the white and pink areas;

Spherical (burs).


With the help of bur, you can perform the most delicate treatment of hard-to-reach areas of the skin on the hands and feet. The nozzle with a ball at the end easily levels the surface of the nail with small cracks and stripes, painlessly corrects the cuticle line, treats the nail folds, and cleans the nails from the thin film of pterygium. Together with spherical nozzles for processing delicate periungual skin, needle-shaped and pointed fissure cutters are used;

Conical (polishing).


Polishing tips rounded at the end are made of soft, elastic materials: silicone, felt, felt, cotton. With the help of such caps, the surface of the nail plates is polished to a shine. Silicone tips are strong enough, easy to sterilize and can be used until the working surface is erased. Cone-shaped nozzles differ in the degree of rigidity and during the polishing of the nails they change, starting from the hardest and ending with the softest. Such nozzles are coated with a polymer to polish the nails to a beautiful gloss.

- click on the photo and expand all types of cutters for hardware manicure with a description

♦ TIP STERILIZATION

It is advisable to sterilize all cutters not only before the procedure, but also after. Before treating the nozzles with a special agent, remove greasy stains and dirt from them by holding them under running water and then wiping them with a lint-free cloth.

You can get rid of microorganisms on the nozzles using heat treatment. If you do not have a special sterilizer, then you can put the nozzles (without plastic holders) in hot water and boil for about 10 minutes. After sterilization, lay the cutters on a clean terry towel until they are completely dry, and then place them in clean sealed bags.

You can disinfect metal cutters in the oven, preheating it to the maximum temperature. Put the cutters on a sheet of clean foil in a baking sheet. You can clean ceramic and metal nozzles from dust with a brass brush.

♦ HOW TO MAKE A STERILIZATION SOLUTION

It is not necessary to buy a special solution to disinfect the nozzles, as you can sterilize them with a homemade antiseptic.

Pour 100 ml of 70% medical alcohol into a glass jar, add 10 gr. borax and mix gently. After that, add to the solution 30 gr. potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate). We place the cutters in the jar and lower the jar into the steam bath for 15-20 minutes.

♦ SERVICE LIFE OF MILLS FROM DIFFERENT MATERIALS

Each set of cutters for hardware manicure is often accompanied by a description of the technical characteristics and recommendations on the service life of interchangeable tools. But if you do hardware manicure at home not very often, then the nozzles can last longer than the period indicated in the description. At least once a month, inspect the working surface of the nozzles from your home kit and replace worn ones with new ones as necessary.

√ With diamond or sapphire coating.
The coating layer becomes thinner for quite a long time when used at home. If you regularly clean such cutters from dirt, they will last you more than 3 years;

√ From alloys or from medical steel.
Very durable nozzles that will last you more than 5 years;

√ Ceramic.
Designed for operation within one to one and a half months. But often remain suitable for home use for 3-4 months;

√ Silicone.
Silicone polishers will last you for several years;

√ "Sandy" and "emery" caps.
These are disposable nozzles, the period of use of which is limited to one procedure.

♦ HOW TO DO HARDWARE MANICURE AT HOME

Step-by-step instruction

♦ VIDEO TUTORIALS FOR BEGINNERS

High-quality cutters allow you to perform a hardware manicure safely and painlessly. For the comfort of the procedure, the professionalism of the master is also important. The procedure, carried out correctly, will allow you to visit the master much less often without compromising the manicure.

When performing a hardware manicure, it is important to know about the features of the procedure:

Cutters for hardware manicure act delicately, which is an advantage in comparison with trimmed manicure. The master, using nozzles, removes keratinized particles of the cuticle and side ridges.

Healthy skin remains intact, which avoids bleeding and pain, as is the case with cutting instruments. In the absence of damage, healthy skin stays smooth longer, which eliminates the need for frequent correction.

The hardware technique of manicure is not suitable for everyone, and this is its drawback. In a neglected state of nails with a dense cuticle and hard side ridges, the cutters will not provide high quality processing. In this case, the edged manicure will look neater.

Milling machine

The milling machine is a device with a set of nozzles - milling cutters. They can vary in power and speed of rotation of the router.

This device includes:

• Handle-micromotor.
• Control block.
• Pedal.
• Micromotor holders.
• Pen holder.
• Set of cutters.
• Case for cutters.
• Bag for the device.

When choosing a router, it is important to decide whether the device will be used at home or in salon conditions.

Home router has a number of features:

• Low power.
• The number of revolutions does not exceed 5000 rpm.
• Small size.
• A light weight.

This device is convenient for carrying out the procedure yourself.

For professional use, the device should be selected, evaluating the following characteristics:

• The cutter must be fast and powerful.
• The number of revolutions must not be less than 30,000 rpm.
• It is important to have a built-in vacuum cleaner for collecting sawdust.
• The ability to use the device not only for manicure, but also for pedicure.
• Exclusion of overheating during prolonged operation.

Without special skills, it is easy to damage nails with a professional apparatus. In such cases, you should choose a home router.

nozzles

Nozzles for manicure performed using the device are not the same in size:

Types of cutters

Cutters for hardware manicure are divided into several varieties:

• Corundum cutters made of synthetic ceramic chips, reminiscent of acrylic. They do not have sharp corners and edges, and the particle structure is not rigid. They gently remove sensitive skin. After them there are no scratches. Fabrics when interacting with corundum material will not be covered with peeling. This nozzle is recommended for processing the side areas around the nails. Its service life is about 2 months.
• Diamond cutters contain diamond dust, which makes them the most accurate and versatile. They are suitable for exposure to the skin of medium and high rigidity. Due to their high accuracy, they can be used in jobs that require accuracy. Diamond cutters are used for design, correction and extension of acrylic nails. Such a cutter will last up to 3 - 4 months.

  This is what diamond cutters for hardware manicure look like

• Ceramic cutters suitable for delicate processing. The corundum particles included in their composition do not damage the skin. They have a self-healing effect and do not cause allergies. Such cutters are suitable for processing pterygium and cuticles. The service life for them is about 2 months.
• Carbide cutters traumatic, so they should not be used on natural nails. In working with artificial nails, they allow you to build, design and correct, as well as piercing and recesses for rhinestones. In the case of natural nails, they can only be used to remove ingrown nails and corns. Serve hard-alloy cutters from 4 months.
• Garnet cutters are made from pomegranate crumbs. They belong to a new generation, and allow you to do the job without causing damage to the skin. Such cutters are recommended for the processing of thin cuticles by beginners. They will last about 3 months.
• silicon carbide cutters are made of rough materials, but they are gentle on the skin. They can only be used on rough skin. It is recommended to remove calloused areas with these cutters. They can last up to 6 months.
• Silicone cutters are a mixture of silicone with abrasive particles. They are mainly used on extended nails. On natural nails, they can be used to remove the glossy layer before building. Such nozzles serve 4 - 5 months.
  
• Steel cutters made of high quality alloys. They are convenient for removing the weakened layer of the nail, working on the nail plate and keratinized skin. With this device, you can correct extended nails and eliminate calluses. The service life is about 6 months.

Varieties of forms of cutters

The shape of the cutter is divided into categories:

Classification of cutters by purpose

Rigidity classification

Rigidity of cutters is easily determined by color designation. The color of hard bits is always darker than that of delicate bits.

It is customary to distinguish cutters by shades:

• Black and blue are highly abrasive nozzles are used to treat rough and thick skin areas, remove calluses, and also to shorten a dense nail plate.
• Green and red medium grit tips can be used to work with side rollers and nails that have an average density.
• Yellow low abrasion caps designed for thin sensitive skin with adjacent vessels. They are used to correct thin and brittle nails.

How to choose?

When choosing cutters on your own, it is important to take into account the opinion of professionals:

• It is necessary to determine the purpose of the cutters. To perform exclusively hardware manicure, you should purchase the appropriate machine. Equipment for combined work on manicure and pedicure is more expensive.
• It is necessary to decide on the method of working with cutters. Individual work requires less powerful equipment, which costs less. The number of revolutions of such an apparatus does not exceed 5000 per minute. For salon use, you should choose powerful expensive models.
• When choosing, you should evaluate the functionality of the device. The number of features affects the cost, but not all of them are useful. For example, the built-in backlight is often superfluous. But without the functions of protection against overheating and accidental switching on, the machine will quickly become unusable.
• The device must be easy to use. It is necessary to evaluate the weight of the device, its mobility and the length of the wire.

Cutters for hardware manicure determine the result of the procedure. Therefore, the device must meet all quality parameters.

Top - 5 irreplaceable nozzles for beginners

Of the variety of nozzles for a router, it is impossible to make a hardware manicure without the following cutters:

How to insert a cutter into the machine

The method of inserting the cutter is determined by the type of clamp in the machine.

Collet

They are of 3 types:

• The manual clamp opens at the push of a button. After that, open the hole for the handle and insert it. Closing is carried out by the same button. This clamp is suitable for work at home.
• The semi-automatic clamp is activated by turning the handle head clockwise. After replacing the nozzle, turn the handles in the opposite direction until they click. This clamp is more convenient than manual clamp. It can be used both in the salon and on its own.
• With automatic clamping, you only need to insert the cutter. It will fix itself. This technology is used in expensive devices for salon use.

Tips for using manicure machines at home

Cutters for hardware manicure at home should be used according to the recommendations:

• It is necessary to use an antiseptic so that the instruments and the treatment area are sterile.
• Do not use devices with a high rotation speed. This will help prevent injury and cuts.
• To shorten the length, it is convenient to use disk cutters.
• Processing of the cuticle and lateral ridges is carried out with movements from left to right.
• The cutter must be held parallel to the nail.
• When processing the sinuses of the nail, it is forbidden to touch the nail plate.
• It is possible to influence the nail only with polishing cutters.

How to do a hardware manicure

The hardware manicure procedure is performed in several stages:

How to sterilize cutters?

Cutters for manicure should not contain residues of dirt, bacteria and infections.

Sterilization of hardware instruments occurs with the use of specialized disinfectant solutions:

• Alaminol.
• Optimax.
• Gigasept.
• Blanidas.
• Corsolex.

These funds are sold in concentrated form. To disinfect the instruments, you need to prepare them. This happens by adding 3 tbsp. l. drug in 1 liter of cold clean water.

When sterilizing cutters, it is important to take into account the stiffness of the material and the depth of the notches of the nozzle.

The soft coating will deteriorate after a long disinfection, so it is necessary to reduce the time. The average processing time in the solution is 30 - 40 minutes.

After immersion in the solution, the cutters go through the following processing steps:

• Cleaning under running water.
• Manual cleaning with a brass brush.
• ultrasonic processing.
• Immersion in dry heat or autoclave.

Features of caring for cutters

A long service life of devices is impossible without proper care:

• During the manicure, you can not squeeze the handle with force and put pressure on the nozzle. This will warp the head at the base of the handle, rendering the bit unusable.
• The nozzle must be changed according to the rules specified in the instructions for a particular device.
• After sterilization, the cutters must be stored in a case that will protect them from moisture, dust and mechanical damage.
• The device must be adjusted and cleaned in a service center in a timely manner.

With the help of hardware manicure, you can make your nails perfectly even, and your hands - well-groomed and neat. Painlessness, no risk of infection or damage to thin skin, as well as convenience and high speed of operation have provided the devices with wide application. They are used both in salons and at home. In order for the hardware manicure to be truly flawless, and for the nails to acquire and retain the chosen shape for a long time, it is necessary to choose the right nozzles for the device. Each cutter performs its own function. The nozzles that come with the device are often not enough, so you have to supplement them with separately purchased ones.

Varieties of nozzles required for hardware manicure

Nozzles for the apparatus used when performing a manicure are different not only in terms of abrasiveness. They have different tip diameters and speed limits, designed to perform a variety of operations.

Each nozzle has its own purpose

Modern manufacturers of manicure devices offer many different nozzles. They can be divided into three large groups, depending on the main purpose:

• filing and shaping nails;
• polishing the cut and surface of the nail plate;
• final polishing and glossing.

In addition, there is a narrower division of nozzles according to other criteria.

Cutters for manicure - video

Choosing the material of cutters

Depending on what material they are made of, nozzles for hardware manicure are:

• diamond (from natural or artificial stone);
• ceramic (baked);
• combined (silicon-carbide);
• metal (steel, hard alloys).

Diamond

Diamond cutters are designed for:

• treatment of sensitive skin and thin nails;
• removal of the thin cuticle.

Diamond spraying allows you to make the surface of the skin and the nail plate more even. Nozzles with a small diameter help to grind the nail roller, and larger ones can remove the callus.

Diamond nozzles according to the manufacturing method are divided into:

• sintered (diamond dust is mixed with glue and heat treated at high temperature);
• precipitated (stone chips are glued to the base blank during electrolysis).

The frequency of replacing diamond tips is every 3-4 months.

You can determine the degree of rigidity of a diamond cutter by the number of side notches and their shade. A black mark indicates high hardness, a blue mark indicates medium hardness, and so on.

Hardware manicure with diamond cutters - video

Ceramic cutters

Ceramic cutters can be included both in the set of a professional device and in a mini-set for home use. The rigidity of ceramic nozzles is less than that of diamond ones. They are used to process the most difficult areas:

• removal of corns, rough, keratinized skin;
• grinding hard, dense nails;
• cuticle treatment.

You can determine the grain size of a ceramic cutter by its color:

• white - up to 200 microns;
• blue or pink - up to 100 microns;
• black ("artificial pumice") - up to 400 microns.

Ceramic cutters - video

Combined

Combined nozzles for the manicure apparatus (“sand caps”) are a godsend for beginners. The combination of silicon and carbide attracts with its low cost and ease of use. You can find such cutters in any specialized store.

Professionals consider silicon carbide caps to be disposable because they are enough for 1 manicure procedure. After use in the cabin, such cutters are disposed of.

The roughness of the caps is determined in special units. They are selected depending on the operation:

• removal of the main layer of the nail plate (grinding) - up to 80 units;
• grinding - up to 150 units;
• final polishing - up to 320 units.

metal

Metal cutters can be made of high quality alloyed (medical) steel or hard alloys. With these attachments, you can:

• remove keratinized areas on the nail roller;
• handle the cuticle.

A carbide cutter made of tungsten and carbide is almost never used for natural nails, as there is a risk of damaging the nail plate. But it will be useful for adjusting the length of artificial nails (acrylic).

Metal cutters differ from all other categories in the method of work: they do not cut, but cut off a nail or skin with a thin layer. The result is not dust, but small chips.

On cutters made of metal, notches are applied, which are:

• straight;
• oblique;
• cruciform.

The most rigid in the work is considered a straight notch. The cruciform notch clogs much more slowly than the others, therefore it is considered the most durable. Reversible nozzles that can rotate in both directions will be useful for left-handers.

Metal and diamond nozzles are classified as universal. With their help, you can do many operations. They are equally well suited for both skin polishing and nail grinding.

Metal cutters for manicure and pedicure - video

Types and shapes of cutters

The purpose of manicure nozzles is easy to determine by their shape. They are:

• trapezoidal;
• spherical (burs);
• cylindrical;
• "drums";
• cone-shaped rounded (polishing).

During the polishing process, silicone nozzles can heat up the nail plate; to avoid discomfort, do not polish the nail for a long time in one place

Silicone tips, unlike metal and diamond ones, do not clog. When the upper layer of the abrasive is erased, the lower one, etc., protrudes to the surface. Therefore, they work with such cutters until they are completely abraded.

On silicone cutters it is convenient to master the work with the apparatus for manicure. This makes it easier to get used to working with the handle, as well as determine the duration of treatment for each nail.

Nozzle selection criteria

In order for a manicure to be successful, it is necessary to select only high-quality nozzles for the device. Some of them are quite expensive, but they are reliable, safe and will last a long time.

An important feature of a good cutter is the absence of severe overheating. With intensive work at high speed, the temperature of the nozzle rises, but only slightly. As a result, the nails will be protected from negative thermal effects.

The minimum set for home hardware manicure includes several different cutters. The kit might look like this:

• bur of medium diameter - will help remove dead skin that has grown around the nail plate;
• rough cylinder - will give the nails the desired shape (oval, rectangular);
• fissure (pointed) nozzle - used for grinding nail rollers, as well as in pedicure;
• needle cutter - used to remove the cuticle in hard-to-reach places (on the sides of the nail).

Disposable sand caps or felt cutters are useful as auxiliary nozzles.

Each nozzle consists of a shank and a working tip with an abrasive. The length of the shank must match the clamp size of the machine handle. The nozzle must be inserted all the way and firmly held in the socket. The standard shank diameter is 2.35 mm. The slightest deviation from this figure will increase the vibration of the handle of the device, creating inconvenience during operation.

Choosing nozzles for hardware manicure in shape is very simple:

• drop-shaped, conical and cylindrical have a large lateral surface area, they will help cut the cuticle and polish the nail ridges;
• disc and cylindrical with a large abrasive correct the length and shape of the cut of the nail plate;
• conical rounded designed for grinding the surface of the nail;
• soft, artificial or natural materials cutters are needed for polishing.

Rules for cleaning and sterilizing manicure tips

To make a manicure safe, to avoid the formation of abscesses and infection, tools and nozzles for a manicure apparatus must be sterilized before and after each procedure.

Before disinfection, the surface of the nozzles is cleaned of dirt and fat deposits. The easiest way is to rinse the cutters under running water, and then wipe with a cotton swab dipped in a nail degreaser.

To clean ceramic and carbide nozzles from dust at the end of the manicure, special brass brushes are used.

Heat treatment will help remove harmful microorganisms from the surface of the instruments. Only high-quality nozzles without plastic holders can withstand it. For this:

1. Place the nozzles in hot water, boil them for 15-20 minutes.
2. Then the cutters are removed from the water with tweezers, laid out on a disposable paper or clean terry towel, left to dry and cool completely.
3. Clean in a case or hermetically sealed bag.

Metal nozzles can be disinfected at home using an oven. It is heated to the maximum allowable temperature, and then laid out on a baking sheet cutters. The nozzles must not touch each other. The tools are kept in a closed "oven" for 15-20 minutes, then carefully pulled out and allowed to cool. After that, you can pack the nozzles in a case.

Preparation of solution for sterilization

If the tips are used individually, for the same person, you can sterilize them with different solutions. To prepare the solution at home you will need:

• 30 g of potassium permanganate;
• 100 ml of 70% medical alcohol;
• 10 g of borax or boric acid salt.

Alcohol is poured into a small glass vial with a tightly fitting lid, then borax or a salt of boric acid is added there. Mix thoroughly (not to be confused with shaking!) until the liquid becomes cloudy. After that add potassium permanganate.

The finished solution is poured into a container, and then nozzles are placed in it and put on a steam bath.

Ready-made preparations are also suitable for sterilization (Kutasept F, Octenisect, Sterillium, Corzollex Plus).

Video: cutter cleaning rules

For each stage of the manicure procedure, there are certain types and types of nozzles. It will not work to shorten the nail and cut the cuticle with the same cutter. The abrasive material applied to the surface of the nozzles wears off over time. And even competent care and regular cleaning of tools cannot prevent their wear. Therefore, from time to time, the cutters must be carefully examined, if necessary, replaced with new ones.

Since the replacement of cutters occurs during operation, when the handle stops rotating, professionals recommend choosing models of manicure devices with a convenient clamp - fully or semi-automatic. This will allow you to quickly remove an unnecessary nozzle and securely fasten a new cutter in the handle socket.

Service life of cutters made of various materials

The service life of the cutters will depend on what material they are made of:

• cutters made of steel and alloys are considered the most durable. Their service life is more than 5 years, depending on the frequency of use and the quality of the material;
• diamond or sapphire coating also wears off rather slowly, but requires regular cleaning. Under the condition of daily use, such cutters are enough for 2-3 years of work;
• ceramic nozzles are designed for 30-45 days of use. But the service life of silicone and rubber cutters, as well as polishers, is much longer;
• disposable "emery" and "sand" caps are the most short-lived, their service life is limited to one manicure procedure.

Cutter changing options

On professional machines, the replacement of nozzles occurs by turning the head. On devices for home use, a key can be installed with which the milling cutters are changed.

The cutter changing system can be:

• self-fixing;
• with lock button;
• with half turn clamp.

The easiest to use is the self-locking system. Often it is installed on handles that are not intended for professional use.

Easy to use and lock button system. To insert the nozzle, you need to press the button and scroll the cartridge clockwise until a characteristic click occurs. After that, without releasing the button, make several turns counterclockwise. Now insert the nozzle into the cartridge and screw it in until it stops. Release the button and the router is ready to work.

Handles for professional use are equipped with a half-turn clamp system. To insert the nozzle, turn the middle part of the handle until you hear a click. Then turn the handle in the opposite direction.

Video: how to insert a cutter into a manicure machine

A milling cutter is a tool for processing metal parts on machine tools. The process is called milling, in terms of efficiency and productivity it surpasses other methods of processing metal products.

Principle of operation and design

The tool moves around its own axis at high speed and forward at low speed, processing a metal workpiece. Surface shapes are different: grooves, cylinders, grooves or smooth planes, depending on the nature of the rectilinear motion.

The rotating surface of the workpiece is processed by a rotational, feed motion. Rotary motion is used to create helical recesses.

The cutter consists of a body to which working protrusions are attached - teeth. The whole body is divided into a working part, a shank and a transitional neck. The final shape of the workpiece depends on the position of the tool and the original shape.

Types of cutters

There are many types designed to perform various jobs:

• end;
• cylindrical;
• corner;
• disk;
• terminal;
• shaped;
• keyed;
• for making T-shaped recesses;
• mounted (composite and solid).

Composite shells are used to create complex shapes. With the help of integral ones, they perform particularly precise operations, they are perfectly balanced.

Cylindrical cutters

Installed per type. Working teeth can be helical or straight. Screw teeth are convenient for working in narrow areas, when the properties of the screw teeth do not significantly affect the cutting process. To reduce axial forces, twin cylindrical cutters with different inclinations of the cutting surfaces are used. This shape evens out the axial forces that affect the tool while working on metal. Tools are made of high-speed metals with hard-alloy inclusions on working surfaces.

End mills

Used on vertical milling machines. The axis of the tool is perpendicular to the axis of the working surface of the workpiece. The tops of the working surfaces of the teeth work here mainly. The end parts help, they cut mainly the side work surfaces that are outside.

Due to the fact that only the tops of the edges are profiling, the shapes of the edges are diverse. The most convenient tools with working edges in the form of a circle or a broken line. With the help of a face tool, work is performed smoothly with a minimum allowance. In this case, the allowance value does not affect the contact angle with the part, only the tool diameter and milling width are important. Compared to other types, the face can have large dimensions and rigidity, so the cutting teeth are securely fastened and supplemented with hard alloy plates. This tool has greater productivity than a cylindrical one.

Angle cutters

Used for milling inclined metal planes and corner grooves on machine tools. They are divided into one-corner and two-corner. For the former, active teeth cover the entire working part of the body, for the latter, only a cone.

In metalworking, they are used to make chip grooves. Double-angle cutters run relatively smoothly. To prevent the top of the tool from grinding too quickly, it is made rounded.

end mill

Produces deep grooves and grooves on metal parts. The shank for fastening in the machine at the end mill differs in its shape - a cone or a cylinder. The end edges have an auxiliary function, the main load lies on the teeth located in the cylindrical part. They are made inclined or screw. In the second case, it is necessary to withstand a slope of no more than 45 degrees.

Key cutters

They are mainly used for making holes in metal. Only end edges work. When sharpening, the rear working edges are affected, so the diameter of the tool does not decrease over time.

For making T-grooves

T-shaped notches on metal parts are not uncommon; a special type of milling cutter has been developed for their execution. In the process, the chips are poorly removed, so they quickly break. For one revolution of the tool, the tooth works twice. The teeth are multidirectional, sharpened alternately - first on one side, then on the other.

Disc cutters

It can be double-sided, grooved or three-sided, cuts recesses and recesses of various shapes. Grooving disc tools have teeth on the cylinder and can be used to make shallow grooves. To reduce friction at the ends, the tool is sharpened at an angle that reduces the thickness towards the center. The thickness of the tool provides for a tolerance of up to 0.05 millimeters, which gradually decreases during the grinding process.

Double-sided and three-sided cutters are equipped with working teeth, including at the ends. The working teeth at the ends are of secondary importance, the main load on the metal is carried by the teeth on the cylinder.

The teeth of disc tools can be angled or straight. The first increase the performance of the tool. To do this, multidirectional teeth are made on three-sided cutters. The work is done with the teeth from the cylinder, and part of the end teeth is removed, which does not affect performance.

Shape cutters

Necessary when making shaped parts. Very convenient when there is a large difference between the width and length of the workpiece. With a short surface, the pull method is used. On such tools, the teeth can be backed or sharpened. The latter provide cleaner processing, wear out less than backed ones when the machine is working on metal. But their production and sharpening is possible only on special devices that clearly maintain the configuration of the working planes. Therefore, this type of cutter is used only in large enterprises.

Prefabricated cutters

They are a body into which racks or teeth of the required size made of hard alloys are inserted. The shape of the working edges of such tools is simple, the processing of complex parts is ensured by special body profiles into which the teeth are inserted.