Diseases of grapes on the leaves. The main diseases of grape leaves

Everyone loves grapes. Its dark purple, green or yellow berries, filled with juice, warmed by the summer sun and washed by warm rains, seem to be asking for your mouth. But to get this beauty and deliciousness, the grower must sweat a lot. Especially a lot of energy is taken away by grape diseases and the fight against them. Unfortunately, there are no varieties that do not suffer from any infection at all. If a variety is advertised as disease-resistant, this means that diseases on the bush will appear later than on ordinary ones and may not affect all bunches. Diseases and pests of grapes, of which there are several dozen, spoil the appearance of plants, destroy the crop. Our task is to prevent their occurrence and successfully fight when detected.

Pests

Despite the fact that diseases and pests of grapes are so numerous, it is not very difficult to deal with them. The development cycle of insects is such that they are sure to lay eggs. Most do it on the underside of the leaf. Control hatched caterpillars and larvae with easy contact insecticides. Spraying is carried out according to indications. If you find goldfish and woodworms, you need to carefully examine the bush and remove all damaged shoots, and then treat with the drug. You also need to weed the grape plantings, remove all dry fruits and leaves from the bushes.

Bacterial diseases

As the name suggests, this group of diseases is caused by bacteria. They penetrate into the body of the plant through wounds from mechanical damage (for example, during pruning, grafting), as well as "thanks" to the efforts of sap-sucking insects. Most dangerous disease of this nature - bacterial cancer. Its pathogen lives in almost all types of soil. Once in the plant, he injects his DNA into the cell of the "victim", after which it begins to divide at a frantic rate, which is manifested by growths on the vines. There is no cure for this infection. The best thing to do is to remove and burn the diseased plant. take from him planting material, including seeds, is not allowed. It is also impossible to plant a new plant in its place for 3 years.

Apoplexy

This is another bacterial disease that has no cure. It appears suddenly and very fast fading whole vine. Caused by bacteria that produce toxins that are poisonous to grapes.

Since the cure bacterial diseases it is impossible, the protection of grapes from diseases of this type is carried out by prevention. It consists in proper care, taking precautions when buying new seedlings and mandatory fertilizing the grapes so that the bushes grow strong and viable.

Fungal lesions

Mildew

This infection is also called downy mildew. Initially, only young shoots and leaves are affected, later the fungus captures inflorescences and berries.

As a result, the whole bush suffers from mildew. There are various grape diseases and the fight against them, but mildew is considered the most dangerous. At the initial stage, it appears as spots lighter than the entire leaf plate. The fungus continues to develop and soon the spots become gray-brown, and a gray coating appears on the underside of the leaf. These are new spores, ready to spread further through the vineyard with the slightest breeze or a drop of moisture. Shoots are affected in the same way as leaves. Diseased inflorescences and ovaries darken and dry out. If the fungus has struck the petiole of the inflorescence, the whole bunch dries out and falls off. It overwinters in mildew in soil and on leaves. To reduce the risk of this disease, preventive measures must be included in the care of the grapes - cleaning the fallen leaves and spraying the land around the bush with fungicides. Spraying grapes against mildew is carried out with Bordeaux liquid, which is prepared independently from copper sulfate and quicklime. You can also use "Ridomil", "Acidan", "Mancozeb", "Rapid Gold" and other drugs. Spraying begins when the air temperature has reached +10, young shoots have grown by 10 cm, good rain or when light green spots appear on the leaves. Further treatments are carried out every 7-14 days.

grape disease oidium

This infection is also called powdery mildew. It can begin at any stage of plant development and affect any part of it or all at once. The oidium fungus overwinters in the bark and buds of grapes. It appears as a dirty white fluffy coating on leaves, shoots, berries.

At the same time, the leaf blades turn yellow, the flowers and young ovaries dry up, and if the disease began in the ripening phase of the berries, cracks appear on them, from which the bones stick out. Warm winters and rainy springs are most favorable for oidium. Then there are real epidemics of this infection. To prevent oidium grape disease, the first treatment is carried out in early March, especially if the weather is favorable for the fungus. Further according to indications. Preparations against oidium: ground and colloidal sulfur, copper oxychloride, Topaz, Bayleton, Thiovit Jet.

Alternariosis

Anthracnose

Grape diseases and their treatment depend on various causes. Anthracnose, for example, actively manifests itself at high humidity, regardless of air temperature. Especially if the grapes are damaged by hail. First, the infection appears on young leaves and shoots and manifests itself as dry spots, in place of which holes later appear. Their edges are black. The leaf either dries up or warps. Cracks appear on the affected shoots (sometimes to the very center). On the affected berries, the disease manifests itself various shapes spots of gray or dark color with an even darker border. Later, the berries crack and the brushes can dry out completely.

The fungus overwinters in infected branches and in dried, but not fallen off fruits. Therefore, grape care for the prevention of anthracnose includes autumn pruning and removal of all mummified fruits from the bushes. Spraying is carried out with fungicides "Skor", "Acrobat", "Ridomil", "Arcerid". They begin when young shoots grow up to 10 cm.

Gray rot

It is important to correctly recognize grape diseases and start their treatment on time, because many fungi, having begun to multiply in any one part of the plant, soon capture it entirely. This refers to gray rot, which affects absolutely all parts of the grapes. The fungus also overwinters in all parts of the plant. Lives at positive temperatures. Damp, cool weather is especially favorable for the fungus. In the heat of the affected berries, you can even make wine. It is manifested by browning of infected parts of the plant and their death. The berries rot, but may remain in the brush. Treatment against the fungus is carried out by "Fundazol", "Eupparen", as well as a solution of iodine.

white rot

This infection refers to the disease of grape berries. The fungus can infect the entire brush or only a few fruits. The disease begins during the ripening of the grapes and is manifested by browning and wrinkling of the berries. Dirty pink dots (without rain) and black spots (with high humidity) become noticeable on them. Sometimes white rot affects the shoots, forming light spots on them with a dark rim. Such shoots die off. They fight white rot by mechanical destruction of the affected bunches of grapes and spraying. Preparations "Funzodol", "Colfugo Super". After hail, such treatment must be carried out immediately, otherwise the fungus will penetrate into the body of the plant. In addition to gray and white, there are also root, black, acetic and blue rot. Root appears with improper watering and damage to the roots. Vinegar is carried by Drosophila and manifests itself in rotting ripe berries. Blue rot or penicillosis develops on berries already affected by mildew.

What leaf diseases affect grapes

It must be said that there are very few diseases affecting only the leaves. As a rule, starting on the green parts of the grapes, the infection soon captures the berries as well. Chlorosis (cessation of chlorophyll production) can be attributed to purely leafy ones. Manifested by the fading of the leaf plate. The reasons are the lack of iron or zinc in the soil with a high content of copper. The bush first sheds faded leaves, then clusters, and, in the end, may die. There is also viral chlorosis or yellow mosaic, carbonate and edaphic (with strong soil salinity, liming, waterlogging). In addition, septoria leaf diseases affect grapes (manifested on old leaves with dark spots, protection is the same as against mildew) and fusarium (signs are similar to chlorosis, diagnosed on a cross section of branches, on which pink fragments should be visible). Another sign is too small leaves and fruits, as well as multiple painful stepsons. Control measures - spraying with Bordeaux mixture and regular top dressing.

Spotting or bacteriosis

These grape diseases and their treatment are complex and not always effective. They are caused by bacteria (leaves, berries, shoots are affected) and manifest themselves in the appearance of various kinds of spots. On berries, the disease begins with small dots, which quickly increase and darken. Spots of bacteriosis differ from oidium in that they sink inside the berry. The crop may die within 2 weeks. There is no effective treatment yet, but gardeners save the grapes with Bordeaux liquid and antibiotics, and treat them with Fitolavin for prophylactic purposes. At the first sign of the disease, it is necessary to destroy all diseased clusters and parts of the plant.

In addition to bacterial and fungal diseases, there are viral diseases of grapes. Viruses are transferred from a diseased plant to a healthy one. They appear differently. The most characteristic are the curliness of the foliage and its other deformations, mosaic spots on the leaf plates of yellow, black, red and other colors, the lag of the bushes in growth, the grinding of berries to the size of peas. Control measures have not yet been developed.

Reference: Not all grape diseases can be treated: for some (bacterial cancer), only a radical method is applicable - uprooting followed by quarantine.

Viral diseases of grapes.
1. Short knot (infectious degeneration).
2. Fringing of veins.
3. Mosaic white (panacheur, variegation)
4. Interveinal chlorosis.
5. Golden yellowing.
6. Flattening of the stem.
7. Shoot necrosis.
8. Rezuhi mosaic virus, or arabis mosaic.
9. Asteroid (stellar) mosaic.
10. Vine wood striation virus.
11. Red leaf virus.
12. Leaf marbling virus.
13. Vein necrosis virus.
14. Leaf curl virus (golden yellowing).

Reference: In the list "Viral diseases of grapes" only the first 4 positions are scientifically described. The remaining viruses have been isolated, but, according to the results of observations, are presented in vine in latent form.

Noncommunicable diseases

Diseases caused by growing conditions.

Elementoses (diseases associated with a lack of nutrients):
- chlorosis (lack of iron, zinc, manganese or boron);
- rubella (lack of potassium);
- drying of the comb;
Grape burns.
Shedding berries.
Necrosis of wood vessels.
Ridge paralysis.
Trunk apoplexy.

Reference: From the practical experience of domestic amateur gardeners, it follows that from the above list only a part of grape diseases is well known: mildew, oidium, anthracosis, chlorosis, rubella, bacterial cancer and elementoses.

Photo

How to determine the type of damage?

The first hint is given by the slightest deviations from the norm in the appearance of the plant revealed during visual inspection at any stage of growth. The gardener should also be alerted by information about the appearance of an infectious disease in a neighboring area. An analysis of adverse weather situations that occurred in the winter-spring is also able to identify the likelihood of an infectious lesion of the bush.

The first signal signs of grape health are the leaves.

when affected by white rot, the leaves above the annular brown spots on the shoots also turn red;
premature reddening of the leaf (with the exception of the main veins) is observed when the leaf curl virus and leaf redness virus are affected.

sheet rusting- a sign of alternariosis;

pinpoint lesions of the leaf plate - black spot;
large rusty-brown spots between the veins - a manifestation of fungal esca.

Leaf curl as a phenomenon has a viral nature - golden yellowing, white mosaic, kortkouzli or fungal - oidium.

leaf browning along the edge of the plate, it is characteristic of a disease with gray rot, moniliosis or burnissure - a lack of potassium in the soil;

dark spots indicate septoria;
browning of the leaves also occurs with cercosporosis, verticillosis and ... with sunburn.

leaf color brown typical for elementosis (with a lack of potassium) and serious damage by oidium;

brown spotting of the leaf plate - the likelihood of spotted necrosis.

The appearance of a plaque(powdery) on the underside of the leaf speaks of mildew damage:

easily erasable gray coating on top and bottom - oidium;
olive velvety coating on the reverse side of the leaf - cercosporiosis.

Spots on the leaves may be a harbinger of a serious illness or caused by a lack of trace elements in the plant's nutrition:

oily-looking transparent spots - a sign of downy mildew;
if such spots form a pattern - we are talking about a short knot;
ruby-colored spots - a symptom of rubella;
small brown or black necrotic spots - pronounced black spotting;
necrotic spots with a black border occur with anthracosis;
light dotted spots - the first manifestation of septoria.

Seals and growths on the leaves(galls) are formed when rubella, anthracosis, mildew are affected.

wilting leaves for no apparent reason - a consequence of the defeat of the root system of grapes by armillariasis.

Downsizing and deformation of leaf blades is observed with fusarium;

leaves become smaller with eutypiosis;
the fan arrangement of the veins of modified leaves is observed in chronic infectious degeneration - short knots.

Symptoms and signs

Usually, one symptom, manifested only in the features of the leaf, is not enough for an accurate diagnosis.

Therefore, it is customary to compare 2-3 symptoms of the disease for the effectiveness of the selection of measures used.

At the initial stage of the vegetative cycle, it is already possible to consider the first signs of an infection on the grapes:

intense shedding of flowers and ovaries may be due to insufficient pollination with a unisexual type of flower, or adverse weather conditions at the time of pollination, but Pierce's Disease is accompanied by the same symptoms;
inflorescences dry out under a white coating - the first manifestations of downy mildew;
a gray fluffy coating covering the top of the inflorescence indicates the appearance of gray rot;

After waiting for the period of formation of the ovary and ripening of the fruit, you can get a few more indicators that clarify the diagnosis:

General hive change

Particularly convincing for the assumption of the disease of the vine is the general change in the state of the bush, its morphology, growth rates and development phases.

Main Feature noncommunicable diseases grapes is their locality: the symptoms are not transmitted to adjacent plants.

And, although in external manifestations there is a frightening resemblance to various kinds of infections, They are not hard to fix:

lightening the structure of the soil;
adding missing minerals to its composition;
helping the plant during difficult periods of weather anomalies (drought, prolonged rains);
covering the plant low temperatures(at night, winter period);
feeding a weakened plant with organic matter;
changing for the better the entire agricultural background.

A strong, well-groomed plant resists any infection more successfully. And, if preventive measures of biological, mechanical and chemical treatment are also carried out in the garden, then the chances of pathogenic organisms are even less.

But only recently bred hybrids, in the gene structure of which, during the selection process, resistance to fungal and some bacterial and viral pathogens was incorporated, have a full guarantee. Varietal selection - the most reliable protection from infectious diseases.

Watch a video about protecting grapes from disease in spring.

" Grape

Although grapes are an unpretentious culture, despite this, they require some care. One of these activities is the prevention and treatment of diseases. While breeding new grape varieties, breeders are working on this problem, but large-fruited varieties with a high sugar content are still prone to various kinds of diseases. To receive annually high yield the grower needs to be aware of the danger and be able to deal with it correctly and know what to do.

The most common and common diseases of this crop are:

mildew;
alternariosis;
cercosporosis;
armillariasis;
oidium;
chlorosis;
rubella leaves;
septoria;
escoriosis.

Mildew and his treatment

The second and more common name for the disease is downy mildew. This disease is very dangerous not only for the vine bush, it can infect the entire vineyard in a short time. At the initial stage, it manifests itself in the form of light yellow-oil spots, the size of a penny coin on young foliage. On older leaves, the spots are angular and parallel to the veins.

At further development on the back of the leaf, a mycelium appears in the form of a white fluffy coating. If the weather is warm with high humidity air, a fungal infection rapidly spreads to the tops of young shoots, mustaches, affects inflorescences and recently set fruits.

Formed this species fungal disease in summer period in leaf plates, where it survives wintering well.

Fungus spores are activated at a temperature of +10 degrees. The most favorable conditions for instantaneous spread are an increase in air temperature from +20 to +27 degrees and humidity for 3 to 5 hours. However, at a temperature of +8, and above + 30 degrees, the fungal infection does not spread, since the spores do not germinate.

Vine leaf affected by downy mildew or mildew

The most dangerous periods for the spread of infection are:

May 20-June 13;
June 23-30;
July 15-August 7.

In order to avoid infection, you must:

the right choice of site for growing grapes;
autumn mulching between rows;
proper shaping of the vine to ensure good breathability;
timely pruning of excess shoots;
removal of weeds under bushes and between rows;
drainage or drip irrigation;
top dressing with mineral fertilizers;
starting from the spring, prophylactic treatment with Bordeaux mixture every 10 days.

Alternariosis disease

Alternariosis, or olive blotch, affects the leaves of grapes as a result of high humidity. It appears in the form of spots on the back and an olive-gray coating. With the active development of the fungus, the leaves dry out, curl.

This type of fungal disease also affects the fruits. When they are stored, the fungal infection spreads to healthy brushes, affecting them. On fruits, the fungus manifests itself in the form of cracking and changes in the taste of berries. The shoots affected by a fungal infection do not mature and do not tolerate wintering. The spores of the fungus overwinter on infected shoots, fruits and upper layers soil.

Alternaria on vine leaves

The necessary preventive measures are:

timely pruning of infected processes;
removal and burning of weeds and dry leaves;
feeding;
treatment blue vitriol and Bordeaux mixture.

The beginning of the defeat of Alternariosis of grape berries

Terms of preventive measures:

During from March 21 to April 12 after tying the vines, spray with copper-containing preparations.
April 24 to May 9 treat with a biofungicide. You can use the drug "Trichofit" for these purposes.
May 16 to June 1 treat with the drug "Kvadris". Continue processing every 14 days until the initial stage of berry ripening.
From August 15 to September, after harvesting, prune the vine and burn it.
From October 20 to November 10 it is necessary to rake out the fallen leaves and treat the soil and the vine with copper-containing preparations.

It should be treated with sprayers from the bottom side. When processing the top surface of the sheet, there will be no results.

Cercosporosis and how to deal with it

Given fungal disease affects leaves, shoots, stalks and fruits. First of all, foliage that is close to the ground is affected, since the sun's rays do not penetrate well into this part of the bush, and increased humidity is observed under the bushes. The most rapid development of this disease occurs at an air temperature of +30 degrees. If the temperature rises to + 40 degrees, the fungus stops growing. In direct sunlight, the fungus dies.

With a strong defeat by the fungus, grape bushes do not bear fruit well, the taste of the fruit deteriorates, and the vine does not reach maturity.

It appears as an olive coating on the underside of the leaves. Over time, brown spots appear on the surface of the leaf, with a light touch, the leaves fall off.

Affected berries are covered with an easily washable olive coating, become hardened and fall off when touched.

Preventive measures necessary to prevent the disease:

mandatory pruning of grapes twice per season;
deep digging between rows in spring and autumn;
watering 4 times per season;
weed removal;
spraying bushes in autumn and spring with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture;
mandatory support.

spray infected bushes every two weeks with fungicides;
burn infected leaves.

Armillariasis affecting the roots

This disease is a fungal infection that develops on the roots of a plant. The infection infects the roots of grapes, penetrating the bark and releasing toxic substances, kills living tissues, after which it develops on infected cells. Spread by fungal spores. The spores are extremely toxic and can kill an infected plant. Typically, infection occurs in spring period, and in autumn yellow mushrooms grow on the bush.

For the development of this disease, there must be increased humidity and air temperature from +15 to 26 degrees. To prevent the spread of the disease, it is necessary to uproot the infected bush, treat the soil with special fungicides and not plant new seedlings in this place for a year.

In order to prevent infection of the vineyard with armillariasis, it is necessary to separate the bushes growing along the forest belt with a ditch.

aspergillus rot

With this disease, grapes are affected. Distinctive feature of this disease is its rapid development at high air temperatures - above +31 degrees.

The first symptoms of the appearance of Aspergillus rot on grapes. Remove diseased berries

At the initial stage, a berry affected by another fungal disease becomes a beneficial breeding ground for the Drosophila fly.

At first, a little noticeable appears on the berries white coating, then dark depressed spots. The skin in these places is pulled together and cracked. The pulp of the berry rots due to the presence of Drosophila fly larvae. On the surface of cracks, plaque initially has White color, then darkens and turns into a dark powdery mass.

Measures to combat this disease are:

destruction of residues with spores of the fungus;
timely harvest.

If the recommendations are not followed, Aspergillus rot instantly spreads throughout the bunch

oidium or powdery mildew

Fungal disease has a second name - powdery mildew. It affects the green mass of the bush, the shoots of the inflorescence. When affected, the inflorescences do not develop and do not ripen. This disease lives and progresses only on living cells. Winters in bark cracks and on buds.

Spores, falling on the leaves, multiply rapidly, carried by the wind. Exceptional conditions are high humidity (more than 80%). Depending on the temperature regime incubation period lasts from a week to two weeks. Favorable temperature for rapid development disease is a temperature of +20 degrees.

Signs of infection:

white bloom on both sides of the sheet;
the edge of the leaves is curved, yellow;
the plaque that appeared on the clusters and flowers resembles flour;
shoots are covered with dark spots;
dead areas appear on the processes.

Prevention measures are as follows:

digging the soil, cleaning foliage and weeds;
top dressing with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers;
processing with Topaz;
timely pruning of bushes in order to prevent thickening of the vineyard;
tool processing after trimming;
accurate watering without hitting the bushes;

water-10 liters;
sulfur-100 grams.

With this solution, it is necessary to process the bushes in the evening.

Oidium on grapes. The disease does not allow clusters to develop.

Chlorosis and measures to combat it

Chlorosis occurs when there is a lack of iron. The plant does not produce photosynthesis, as a result of which the development of the bush stops and the yield decreases. It manifests itself in the form of spots on sheets of bright lemon color. The shoots stop developing, and the leaves dry up and fall off. The fruits become small and do not reach maturity. A weakened bush may not survive the winter.

Prevention of this disease is the treatment of bushes with the drug "Chelate".

Grape leaves affected by chlorosis acquire a rich lemon hue

rubella leaf

In late spring or early summer, grape bushes can become infected with this fungal disease. It affects grape leaves damaged by insects.

It is possible to determine the infection of a bush with rubella by the following signs:

sheets in the lesions have spots in the form maple leaf covered with a rusty coating;
before the beginning of the flowering period, infected leaves fall off;
in white grapes leaves are covered with light yellow spots, gradually darkening, outlined by a yellow border;
in dark varieties, the spots are bright red.

To avoid infection you need:

process the leaves with a Bordeaux mixture;
carry out regular pruning of bushes;
rake and burn fallen leaves;
apply fertilizer to the soil;
dig aisles.

Septoria

Typical for Muscat grape varieties. Appears as small brown spots on sheets. If the humidity is high, mold will form on the underside of the leaves. When it dries, it falls off and spreads spores of the fungus.

To prevent the spread of the disease, it is necessary to remove fallen leaves and damaged plants.

As a preventive measure, it is necessary to treat with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

Leaves affected by septoria begin to grow moldy and dry out

Escoriosis disease

Escoriosis is a dangerous fungal disease that affects all parts of the plant. Represents black spots on the leaves and shoots of the bush. Spread most rapidly in cool weather with high humidity. Affected bushes become weak, while their frost resistance decreases.

To combat this disease, the drug DNOC is used. During the growing season of plants, treatment with Bordeaux mixture can be applied.

With severe damage to the bushes after autumn pruning dried sleeves are removed and the bushes are carefully treated with copper-containing preparations.

Preventive measures:

mandatory application of fertilizers containing zinc and boron;
timely formation of a bush;
removal and burning of affected parts;
using healthy seedlings for planting.

To protect the vineyard from diseases, it is necessary to observe the conditions for growing grapes and take timely preventive measures to prevent the spread of infections. It is recommended to plant those varieties that are most suitable for growing in this region.

Grapes are one of the oldest and most popular crops. Thousands of years ago, grapes could be found on the tables of queens, and wine was served at all receptions for noble people. Little has changed today. However, getting a generous harvest every year is becoming more difficult. The reason is that the plant is often affected by bacterial, viral and fungal diseases. You will learn everything about grape lesions, leaf diseases and plant treatment from the article.

We offer you to learn about common diseases of grapes and methods of struggle

Grapes: diseases and their control, photo

Fungal diseases are one of the most dangerous for grapes. Every year, common diseases lead to the death of more than 50% of the total crop. Given such trends, it is important to pay due attention to the prevention of fungal diseases and, if necessary, take decisive action aimed at treating the plant.

In the photo mildew

Mildew- pseudo powdery mildew or downy mildew. This fungal disease very often affects plantings and is well known to winegrowers of the world. With insufficient prevention, it leads to severe damage to the bushes and the loss of the entire crop.

It is not difficult to determine the defeat of leaves by fungus spores and you should pay attention to the following symptoms:

clarification of a limited area of \u200b\u200bthe sheet;
whitening of young shoots and whiskers;
drying of inflorescences;
shriveling of fruits;
premature leaf fall.

In the photo, grapes affected by powdery mildew

According to the observations of specialists, it became obvious that mildew spreads especially actively if the weather is warm and humid for a long time. This creates ideal conditions for the reproduction and spread of peronosporosis spores. If timely measures are not taken to protect the grapes, all clusters may disappear.

Contribute to the defeat of dense plantings of grapes, overgrowing rows of tall weeds, improper or insufficient pruning of grapes in the spring. Unfortunately, when the first signs of the disease appear, the bushes can only be saved with copper-containing preparations or potent fungicides, for example, copper sulfate, dichlofluanid, cinos. With these funds, it is necessary to spray not only the affected area, but also those shoots that still look healthy outwardly.

oidium Powdery mildew, or ashtray, is caused by a fungus that loves warm and humid weather. In a short period, all grapes affected by powdery mildew are covered with a white, velvety coating. The mushroom picker infects the entire leaf, shoots and throughout the entire time it produces spores that are carried around with drops of rainwater or wind.

In the photo, oidium grapes

With the advent of autumn, the oidium grows and the plaque becomes gray. When the berries are affected, the latter crack, and their contents flow out of the fruit along with the seeds. With significant lesions from the grapes begins to emanate bad smell rotten fish.

Vine growers use sulfur or preparations based on it to treat infected plants. It leads to good results with Topaz, Byleton.

Diseases of grapes and their treatment with photos, videos

Anthracnoseor grape pox is another fungal disease that is widespread in the Black Sea regions, in Moldova and the Caucasus. The anthracnose fungus is able to remain on the branches for several years, tolerates any adverse climatic conditions well. Having overwintered on grapes, the fungus begins to multiply intensively with the arrival of the first spring warmth and rains.

In the photo anthracnose grapes

You can suspect infection of grapes with anthracnose when the following signs of the disease appear:

the appearance on the fruits and leaves of brown spots, surrounded by a white corolla;
cracking of tissues and the formation of deep lesions;
drying out of inflorescences.

In areas where anthracnose is quite common, it is better to plant grape varieties resistant to the disease. For prevention, it is necessary to treat the shoots with fungicides. For this purpose, Kuproksat, Horus, Acrobat are used.

In the photo, black spotting or escoriosis

black spotor escoriosis is the death of grape shoots due to the defeat of their dangerous fungus. The woody branches are mainly affected, as a result of which they become discolored, covered with black spots. After a long development, the affected areas rot, crack, and the grape sleeve dies off completely. Affected leaves dry out and fall off, and the berries acquire a rich purple hue.

Infection is facilitated by the formation of wounds, cracks, breaks on the branches of the entrance gate of infection. Spores of the fungus fall into these areas and after a while the infection spreads to the entire plant.

Unfortunately for growers, the treatment of black spot with drugs is ineffective. The only way to protect is annual prophylaxis. To do this, the plant must be sprayed with copper preparations, pruned regularly.

Grapes: leaf diseases and treatment, photo

cercosporosis - a fungal disease of a plant. Green mold appears on the leaves, which is easy to remove. The affected area may be surrounded by a dark border. Leaves infected with cercosporosis dry out and fall off. Plaque can also germinate on berries, which become hard and spontaneously crumble.

In the photo, cercosporosis is a fungal disease of grapes

According to the observations of biologists, the growth and development of spores of the fungus depends on the level of illumination. In shaded areas of the vine, the fungus grows faster. The target of cercosporosis are lower leaves and shoots located close to moist and heated ground.

When starting the treatment of cercosporosis, the first thing to do is to correctly form the vine when pruning, do not abuse watering and do not thicken the planting of the crop. In autumn, it is recommended to dig up the soil, and tie the overgrown branches to the trellis. Fallen leaves should be collected and burned, and when the first signs of damage appear, spray the branches with fungicides.

In the photo, bacterial cancer of grapes

bacterial cancer - one of the incurable and fairly common diseases. As you can see in the photo, bacterial cancer disfigures the bushes. Having found sleeves with growths characteristic of cancer, you need to cut them out and burn them. The resulting stump must be treated with a potent pesticide such as DNOC or copper sulfate. The tool that was used when removing the sleeve must be disinfected. The soil under the vine with bacterial cancer should also be treated with copper sulphate.

Grapes are considered the favorite crop of many, leaf diseases and its treatment at home are a particularly relevant topic. In some regions, it also suffers from pests. However, it is possible to preserve the crop and prevent the occurrence of diseases if you follow important recommendations, advice from owners who have already dealt with them.

Most growers face various diseases of their favorite crop. Diseases of the leaves of grapes not only spoil its appearance, but also destroy the foliage in the vineyard, destroy the precious crop and greatly weaken the bushes.

Healthy grape foliage has a uniform green color. If uncharacteristic spots, plaque, defects suddenly appear on the leaves, it means that the grapes are not in order. What to do if the grape leaves are sick? It is necessary to determine the disease, than to treat it, and as soon as possible to begin the fight against the disease.

Infectious lesions:
- fungal
- bacterial
- viral
Diseases caused by pests
Noncommunicable diseases:
- caused by improper care
- caused by micronutrient deficiencies

Infectious diseases of grapes

Infectious leaf diseases are caused by fungal, bacterial or viral infections. Most often, gardeners are faced with fungal diseases. The most dangerous and common diseases are mildew, oidium, anthracnose.

Mildew (downy mildew of grapes)

The most formidable misfortune of vineyards is mildew, or downy mildew of grapes. This disease affects all vegetative organs of the plant - leaves, shoots, clusters.

The source of infection is the spores of the fungus, preserved in the soil, on fallen leaves and berries, and are carried by the wind over long distances. Plant infection usually occurs in the spring when warm and humid weather sets in. Spores actively germinate, during the season the disease can re-give several generations.

What does it look like

Yellow oily spots appear on the leaves of the grapes, which increase, often capturing the entire surface. Powdery sporulation appears on the underside of the spots in wet weather. Severely affected leaves turn yellow, dry out and fall off. The berries turn brown and rot. Brown spots appear on the shoots, the vines become unsuitable for propagation and often die in winter. The disease is most dangerous for young growing leaves and clusters, older leaves are less affected.

How to warn

Mildew prevention measures, like all fungal diseases, are aimed at improving the ventilation of the bush and eliminating sources of infection.

tying shoots to rise above the soil level;
pasynkovanie, thinning, breaking shoots;
destruction of fallen leaves and berries by burning;
preventive spraying with fungicides.

How to treat:

The fight against mildew is to spray the grapes with fungicides. These are copper preparations (means of contact action) - one percent Bordeaux liquid, HOM, Oxyhom, Polyhom, Kuprozan and systemic fungicides: Ridomil, Strobi, Thanos.

During the season, the grapes are sprayed several times. The first treatment is carried out when the shoots reach a length of 20-30 cm. The grapes are sprayed a second time before flowering. The third treatment is carried out after the flowering of the grapes.

Oidium (powdery mildew)

The disease affects all vegetative parts of the shoot. Diseased sprouts are covered with an ash-gray bloom, because of which the disease was called powdery mildew. The infection overwinters as mycelium in infected shoots and buds. Shoots growing from such buds are distinguished by a gray color.

What does it look like

Spots appear on the upper side, which then merge. Grape shoots are covered with a gray mold. Infected tissues turn brown, leaves dry and fall off. The bunches dry up, the berries turn brown and crack.

How to warn:

Thinning bushes, garter and pinching
Destruction of plant residues
Weeding, loosening the soil
Pruning infected shoots.

How to treat:

Sulfur preparations are effective against oidium.

The first treatment with a solution of colloidal sulfur at the rate of 90 g per bucket of water is carried out before flowering. From systemic drugs apply: Fundazol, Thiovit-jet, Strobi, Skor, Horus, Topaz.

Anthracnose

Anthracnose is another fungal disease that affects all the green organs of the plant. The development of anthracnose is provoked by heavy rains. The causative agent hibernates in plant remains. With a strong defeat, the grapes lose leaves and shoots, the berries become smaller, and the quality of the crop deteriorates.

What does it look like

Brown or reddish sunken spots, have a dark purple border. The same spots form on infected berries. The areas affected by the disease die off, often fall out. The leaves turn black and dry, the shoots crack.

How to treat

Measures for the prevention and treatment of anthracnose are the same as for the fight against mildew. Chemicals: HOM, Polychom, Arceris. Shoots affected by anthracnose are cut and burned.

black spot

Small black dots that form along the surface veins subsequently increase in size. The spots merge, curl appears, cracks in the leaf blade. The foliage turns yellow, the shoots crack, the berries rot.

How to treat

Autumn treatment with Bordeaux mixture before sheltering the grapes. spring processing preparations Ridomil, Horus, Thiovit.

Viral diseases of grapes

They are caused by microscopic pathogens that are transmitted through infected planting material, and are also carried by various pests: nematodes, ticks, and other chewing and sucking insects.

Of the viral diseases, the greatest damage to vineyards is caused by vine short knot viruses, leaf curl virus, and infectious chlorosis (variegation).

How to warn:

Acquisition of healthy planting material;
Control of pest-carriers of viruses;
Destruction of diseased plants.

Leaf diseases caused by pests

spider mite

The spider mite is an almost omnivorous pest that lives on weeds. The tick reproduces in large numbers by sucking out the juice. Grape leaves wither, turn yellow, photosynthesis is disturbed in them. Severely affected withered - fall off.

What does it look like

Grape leaves are covered with a thin cobweb. On the underside you can see the smallest pests. The foliage of the vine turns pale and dries up.

How to treat:

Preparations Nitrafen (3%), Phosphamide, Rogor, Talstar, Kinmiks, Neoron, Aktellik. Insecticides are applied so that not only the upper, but also necessarily the lower side is wetted. The treatment is carried out in the spring after bud break, if necessary, repeat in June.

For prevention, it is necessary to carefully weed plantings of grapes, removing weeds.

Grape mite - itch

The pest hibernates in bark cracks, bud scales and fallen leaves. With the onset of heat, the mite begins to feed on the cell sap of the plant, causing leaf deformation and disrupting photosynthesis. The tick affects not only them, but also the shoots, the young ovary. In addition, the pest carries fungi and viruses that are dangerous for grapes.

What does it look like

Grape itch is the smallest pest, it is difficult to see it with the naked eye. The presence of itching can be determined by the appearance of the grapes - characteristic blistering swellings. The leaves wrinkle, become curly, reddening tubercles. Inside the tubercles, a light felt coating is noticeable, which subsequently turns red or turns brown.

How to treat:

During bud break, the grapes are sprayed with Phosphamide at a concentration of 0.2%. The treatment is repeated after two weeks, if necessary, repeated in the summer. You can use anti-tick drugs - Neoron, Fufanon, Kinmiks, Aktellik and others.

Phylloxera

How to treat:

Phylloxera does not like sandy soils, so sand is introduced under the roots of the grapes. They also use the method of partial flooding of the roots of grapes, spraying with Hexachlorin.

leaf roller

A leaf roller is a butterfly whose caterpillars cause harm grape leaves. Caterpillars wrap the leaves with a tube, gluing them with a web, which subsequently dries up and turns brown.

How to treat:

Spraying the bush with insecticides. Removal and burning of dead bark, under which pest pupae hide.

Noncommunicable diseases

Changes appearance grape leaves can be caused by improper care or lack of nutrients.

Chlorosis

TO noncommunicable diseases grapes include chlorosis - the loss of green color. Chlorosis can be caused by various reasons: acidification or alkalization of the soil, lack of iron and other elements, cold weather, excess nitrogenous fertilizers. There is chlorosis of a viral nature.

What does it look like

Young leaves grow pale with yellow tint, underdeveloped, shoots shrink. The shoots become brittle, the grapes do not bloom.

With a lack of nitrogen, on the contrary, old leaves turn yellow, young ones grow green.

How to treat:

Non-infectious chlorosis is fought with the introduction of iron preparations. In the spring, they are sprayed with a solution of ferrous sulfate 1% (100 g per bucket of water). Spraying is carried out in the morning or in the evening, but not in direct sunlight. Ferrous vitriol also fertilizes the soil.

Atypical coloration can be caused by a lack of manganese, boron, zinc. The lack of trace elements is compensated by the introduction of complex fertilizers and foliar top dressing.

Lack of nutrients and trace elements

Atypical coloration can be caused by a lack of essential substances in the soil.

What does it look like

Lack of nitrogen - small light green leaves and shoots.

Lack of phosphorus - the formation of small dark green leaves, punctate browning along the edges. The veins and petioles turn red.

Potassium deficiency - the lower leaves become blue-violet in color, sunburn appears.

Magnesium deficiency - discoloration of the edges, between the veins. In red grape varieties, the leaves turn red.

The lack of boron is the appearance of a mosaic color, the crushing of shoots, the edges are bent down.

Lack of zinc - sharp-toothed shape, brittle surfaces, asymmetrical.

How to treat

Liming of acidic soils
Application of complex fertilizers
Foliar top dressing with microelements.

The chemical analysis of the composition of the soil and the determination of the lack of substances can only be done by specialists. The task of gardeners is to improve physical properties soil, properly apply fertilizing and fertilizers.