Railings for the stairs of a country house: selection criteria and features of self-production. Making metal railings with your own hands Railings for stairs for the street

Wood - basic construction material humanity from ancient times to the present. Of course, today there are many good synthetic analogues, but natural wood preferred both for the foundation of structures and as finishing material with great texture. Wood railing manufacturing The best decision, not only for aesthetic reasons, but also due to the pliability of the material to all types of processing.

Railings - an important structural element of the stairs

In private housing construction wood will do and for the manufacture of the staircase itself, and to independently design aesthetic and comfortable railings for it. At the same time, it is not so important what type of construction and general configuration the staircase has, the railing is needed in any case:

marching;
straight;
curved;
rotary;
screw;
curvilinear;
combined.

Any handrail is not only an important functional element for climbing / descending stairs, wooden railings are also endowed with an aesthetic component of the interior. They limit the space of the stairs during the ascent (descent), providing overall safety.

Railings are made from different materials, but when choosing the general appearance of the stairs, it is very important how it will look against the background general style in the house. Today, stairs are often mounted directly into the wall or made of transparent plastic and glass. However, a sense of overall safety and reliability must come to the fore, and the designer's idea must yield to established standards that are responsible for safety.

Attention: The absence of limiters on the stairs is permissible only for small flights of stairs (marches), consisting of no more than 5 steps. Using ladders without handrails (limiters) can lead to an accidental fall and irreparable harm to health!

Basic requirements for wooden railings

Wooden handrails provide a complete look and remain the main support when using degrees. Given the characteristics of wood, it is important to ensure that the railing is sufficiently smooth, eliminating the possibility of injuring the palms. To do this, the wood is well sanded or sanded, varnished in 2-3 layers or painted with enamel, such as railings for stairs made of wood: photo.

In addition to the appearance of the stairs, general convenience is also important - the height of the handrails should be comfortable when moving up the stairs to hold people of average height by the handrails. A single standard is to make handrails no higher than 95-100 cm, measuring from the level of the step. Sometimes at the stairs they make an additional parallel bottom row - railings for children. Along the wall (another supporting vertical), also on the brackets, a railing for a wooden staircase is additionally fixed.

The railing of the stairs is very simple in design:

handrails (decorative or simple);
support posts (turned or simple balusters).

Decorative balusters are placed at a sufficient interval so that a child or adult cannot fall out through the holes in case of an awkward fall. Usually one support post per step is sufficient. But with a too gentle descent and wide steps, and also taking into account some design features designer stairs, railing posts are placed at a distance of 10-15 cm.

In addition, there are supporting and intermediate balusters, and the bases of the stairs are made on thicker supports than the secondary support on the railing. However, making railings for stairs too light is also not recommended - in any area, the handrails must withstand a sufficient horizontal load, of the order of 100-120 kg / m. The simplest railings are polished bars mounted on metal brackets along the wall. The number of balusters on a standard staircase usually corresponds to the number of steps.

Before you make a railing for a wooden staircase with your own hands, you should start:

with the study of basic building codes;
calculations of timber costs;
training necessary tool and woodworking machines;
creating a project, drawings or sketches;
calculations of the width of the step of the stairs and the location of the balusters on them (at the beginning of the step or in the middle).

The main elements of the support are best made from oak, maple or beech, which crack and dry out the least. Such a staircase will not creak even after many years if it is properly designed. Finishing details can be carved from ash, yew, rosewood, cherry or walnut. To emphasize the natural texture of the wood pattern, it is better not to paint the handrails, but to cover them with stain after polishing and varnish them.

Tip: Be sure to check the horizontal and vertical bars for timely adjustment, and if the level slides off the board, you can temporarily fix it with tape.

The main types of stairs

The appearance of the stairs cannot be designed in isolation from the general style decision of the house, since the staircase is always an important aesthetic component and even its business card. Stairs are classified:

external and internal;
house, service, landscape, architectural;
entrance, interfloor, checkpoints;
stationary, portable and transformable;
single-march and multi-march;
straight and rotary (for 2 or more spans).

Guests may not notice some paintings on the walls, but they will definitely remember the beautiful spiral or hanging glass staircase they climbed. Therefore, if the construction of a staircase is only in the plans, contact a competent architect for the development of a project who will offer the option that will organically fit into the design of the house. In addition, a specialist will help you choose the type of staircase design:

on bowstrings;
on stringers;
on the bolts, etc.

1. Stairs on the bolts or cantilever. This design looks spectacular because it does not have visible supports, and guests initially experience some anxiety when using the steps. In real life, the steps are very securely fixed to the vertical plane, withstanding an impressive load. It occupies a minimum of space, but older people are reluctant to use it. It is important to ensure confidence when climbing and to confine the stairs with good railings.

2. The ladder on the stringers rests on the support beams, fixed in a special way. The design has been used for several centuries and has proven its reliability, it is made over a large area.

3. The ladder on the string looks elegant and light, it is often used as decoration in the interior, connecting the living room and the hall. It is somewhat reminiscent of a stretched rope ladder, but made of more durable materials.

4. Spiral stairs are used where there is no provision for climbing stairs along the walls, but connects the first floor with a hole in the center of the ceiling on the floor above. It occupies a minimum of space, but is not very convenient, since two people walking towards it will not miss each other. But its aesthetics are usually beyond doubt, and handrails are a must. The movement in a spiral determines the type of this construction.

Standard stairs in entrances or in private high-rise buildings- single-march, two-march or multi-march rotary type. A march is an inclined fragment of stairs with steps, connected by an interlevel platform. Landings between marches give the opportunity to enter, turn around and go to the steps of other marches. Turning stairs are:

bilateral;
rights;
left.

Also closed stairwells, semi-open fully open, not limited by handrails. Understanding the design features is not for the sake of remembering the names, but for choosing a suitable staircase configuration for your home, based on:

functionality (where it leads);
location in the house;
constructive design;
material of bearing supports (wood, metal, plastic, concrete goods).

Each type of stairs involves its own type of handrails or restrictive elements, as well as types of fastening. Therefore, professionals know where it is better to use:

hidden;
adhesive;
groove connection of structural elements.

On a narrow staircase up to 130 cm, the railing is usually done on one side. On wide stairs, where it is supposed to move towards at the same time, the handrails are made symmetrically with the same angle of inclination. This angle must correspond to the degree of inclination of the flight of stairs, that is, duplicate its geometry. The width of the handrails should not be large, that is, as comfortable as possible for palm coverage. At the beginning and at the end of the handrail, it is necessary to make roundings. All these subtleties should be reflected in preliminary calculations.

How to make a wooden stair railing

Installation of stairs with railings is painstaking and time-consuming, but at the same time very fascinating process. The simplest do-it-yourself wooden railing made of wood, with any type of staircase, is easiest to make on the basis of balusters. In modern construction supermarkets, various blanks or ready-made components for stair railings are sold, with which installation will be simplified. Turned balusters resembling skittles are considered the most beautiful.

The design of wooden railings is chosen based on common tasks, material used and woodworking capabilities.

1. To make simple wooden railings yourself, you need to cut 2 racks from the finished timber, preferably 100 x 75mm. These pieces are fixed with outer side bowstrings, below and above the march. Immediately, the accuracy of the vertical racks is checked by a level.

The vertical mount is easiest to adjust with screws. Further along the line of attachment of the supports in the center of the flight of stairs, the 3rd rack is mounted from the timber - the rest of the handrails are displayed along them.

3 workpieces 150 x 40 mm are cut with a power tool. With a planer, you will need to process (round off) the edge, which will later become the basis of the handrail. These processed boards are fixed with an equal interval from each other, fixed on the back surface of the racks.

It is important to ensure that the supports are slightly higher than the handrail - by about 50 mm. After that, the central support is cut at the required handrail height, now their surface can be thoroughly sanded.

2. The most beautiful wooden railings - with decorative balusters, previously carved by a woodworking machine. In practice, many do not know how to make a railing from a tree of complex configuration. To make them, you need to have professional carpenter skills and good equipment.

However, you can use ready-made balusters, machined or purchased in advance. For such railings, the support consists of 3 parts. The trapezoidal base of the baluster, which acts as their support, is tightly mounted to the bowstrings with the help of spikes. They must have a groove in the upper base - for mounting the support post.

We fix the decorative part on the central support - formed with lathe and a well-polished head, with the help of spikes we put it tightly into the grooves. We check all the elements with a careful fit before assembling the entire structure, after which we apply carpentry glue to the spiked joints. The parts to be glued must undergo an exposure, they must not be loaded earlier than after 1-2 days.

Medium decorative balusters, turned by a lathe, are assembled sequentially. The supports of the balusters are fastened with dowels to the bowstring, based on wood glue. The base of the supporting baluster is securely attached to the floor with anchors so that the edge of the stairs does not move under load.

We mount a rail with a groove corresponding to the size of the base of the intermediate baluster to the bowstring, fasten it with screws with sweat. Next, we fix the middle post of the support baluster in the same way. We put the intermediate supports with the lower end into the grooves of the rail, having previously lubricated with carpentry glue. The tops of each passing baluster are mounted in the corresponding groove on the prepared handrail.

Attention: All balusters are cut before installation at the same angle, corresponding to the slope of the stairs. Measuring their length, they take into account the correspondence of the dowels to the depth of the grooves - both at the base and at times of the handrails. On the first baluster, even before the final fastening with grooves, be sure to check the verticality of the balusters with a level. Having made all the marks, we make the final bevel at the required angle, then we use the fully finished staircase part as a stencil for the rest of the balusters.

Fastening intermediate balusters in order:

insert the beam into the groove greased with glue desired shape and length, we check the interval between all intermediate balusters in turn;
we insert the required support into the groove of the handrail based on glue, if there are doubts about the reliability of fastening, you can additionally fix it with nails;
We insert the 1st baluster into the grooves prepared in the lower bar and handrail, and grease the edges with glue (you can also duplicate it with nails);
we install intermediate strips between the balusters and the handrail in the grooves of the rail, lubricating with glue, and the step between them should have equal spacing between balusters;
in the same way we install each subsequent part;
fastening the handrail to the support post is done on a metal corner, screwing it with nuts;
it is important to beautifully process the rounding at the ends of the handrails;
once the adhesive has set, the handrails will be strong enough for everyday use.

Attention: In the lower support under the handrail, make a window for fastening the nut with a washer, and after installation, close it with a wooden washer. Polish the junction of the handrail parts well. The handrail can also be ordered in the carpentry of any configuration that the cutter will provide.

Railings are designed to ensure the safety of movement on the stairs. They may be the most different forms both simple and skillful. For the manufacture of such fences, almost any material is used: metal, concrete, wood, plastic. To make them yourself, you need to take into account a lot of factors. How to figure it all out and avoid mistakes is detailed below.

Peculiarities

For glass railings, fasteners occur in this order: first they are attached to the racks, and then the handrails are attached from above. Such fences are safe, provided that all fastenings are made correctly.

Handrails should be on all fences, they fix the entire structure. To more securely fasten the parts, use metal rods. The shape of the handrails should ideally match the stair covering.

All flaws will be visible if the structure is skewed from high humidity, and then all the flaws can be seen with the naked eye.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that simpler form handrails, the less chance of incorrect handrail bends.

materials

You can buy ready-made fences, these can be chrome-plated fences. It is important during such a choice to calculate and take into account all the elements that may be needed. But you need to remember that this type of railing has some disadvantages. For example, they quickly erase the coating. Railings installed in high traffic areas are most susceptible to such damage.

Aluminum

Making your own railings out of aluminum is not easy. In most cases, all parts can be bought ready-made. You can assemble fences already from finished parts, you just need to correctly calculate the necessary fasteners and additional elements. Aluminum railings also have a number of disadvantages: they bend on impact, are prone to corrosion, tarnish and scratch.

Forged fences

They can be cold or hot forged. Hot forging is difficult to do at home, so most often such work is ordered at special factories. At home, it is easier to perform cold forging. But to create this type of railing, you will need highly specialized devices, equipment and skills.

Of the minuses, one can note the high cost of such railings, the complexity of manufacturing and the availability special tools. But they also have pluses - this is a great variety in the design of the railing.

stainless steel

Stainless steel railings are very common. This metal does not fade over the years, has a beautiful shine. The railing made of it is very strong, durable and safe. But to build them yourself, you need the minimum skills of a welder and a metal carver.

Drawings and sketches

Before starting work, you need to determine what kind of fences will have. After that, draw what you imagine on paper. You can use various ready-made drawings.

If you decide to create your own drawings and sketches, you should understand that you cannot do without accurate calculations. In this matter, attention should be paid Special attention safety and ease of movement. To make plans fit this important criterion, consider factors such as the width and height of the stairs, the size of the steps and other parameters.

It is clear that a straight and wide staircase is very convenient. But it is not always possible to make it the way you want. During the construction of the drawing, consider such important factors as the angle of the stairs. It should not go beyond 24-36 degrees.

Clearance is the distance between the step and the ceiling. Its minimum allowable value is 2 m. It is also necessary to take into account the width of the march, because the convenience of the stairs largely depends on this parameter. In a house or apartment, this indicator should not be less than 0.9–1 m.

Requirements

The main function of the railing is to ensure the safe ascent and descent of the stairs. In addition, it is decorative element and can contribute to the interior. Parapets must be manufactured in accordance with all norms and rules in accordance with SNiP.

The height of railings in residential premises should be from 90 cm and above, and for high structures, the desired height is 100-110 cm. In places where children live, railings should not be less than 120 cm, for the safety of the child's movement.

The handrails themselves should not be very wide, the ideal width is 6–9 cm. With this width, it is convenient to grab them with your hand. If the staircase is narrow, you can install one parapet. But when planning a wide model, two parapets are required. If children live in the house, for their convenience, you need to make a second, lower handrail.

How to do it yourself?

First of all, you need to decide what height of the fences you want and what will be the gap between the balusters. So-called pedestals are installed on the lower and upper steps. They are necessary to fix the entire structure.

When choosing cabinets, keep in mind that the diameter of the balusters should be less than their girth.

standard height railings - 95 cm, but at the same time the frame must be raised 10 cm from the staircase itself. You also need to take into account 5 cm on the handrail. Then subtract 15 cm from the total height and get 80 cm. This is the size in which you need to cut the balusters and cabinets.

After all the work done and preparation, you can start welding. We lay out the frame from the prepared profile, and grab it quite a bit by welding. You don’t need to immediately tightly weld all the elements, because in case of marriage or distortion, then you can’t avoid unnecessary work. After you have finished welding work with a frame, balusters are welded to it. It is worth highlighting the fact that the cabinets should be twice as large in diameter as the internal metal lintels.

After you have completed all the previous work and have not seen marriage or distortions, you can proceed to finish welding. Seams must be welded on both sides, this maximizes the strength of the structure.

When you have finished all the work on the frame, posts with square or round plates should be welded to the underside, the height of the posts should be 10 cm. Make holes in the plates, they are needed to attach them to the steps. To give the railing a finished look, you need to polish the entire structure and remove the remnants of welding.

You can add to your design beautiful view using various forged elements. They can be bought ready-made in specialized stores, where you will be offered many similar accessories, various flowers, ornaments or other decorative elements. You can weld them to the frame and thus give the fence an exclusive look. Don't forget about the handrails themselves. Most often they are made of wood. Handrail blanks are carefully polished and rounded.

Wood options

For wood fences, materials such as pine, oak, birch or beech are suitable.

Another type of wood that is suitable for railings is beech. It is in no way inferior to oak. However, it is very sensitive to dry air. Due to the very dry air, beech breaks into fibers and deforms.

Components of the structure of wooden fences

In wooden, as well as in metal structures, there are: cabinets, balusters and handrails. AT wooden structures, balusters also perform a decorative function, and not just a supporting one. Most often they are made from glued timber and give them various shapes.

A true work of art is the hand carving. Craftsmen carve various patterns, drawings and ornaments, and some even carve animal figures. The easiest way to decorate the stairs yourself is with flat balusters. They can cut patterns.

Railings from flat balusters

It has already been written above about how high the railing should be. The final height of the balusters we got is 80 cm. In order to complete the railing, you will need boards, the width of which should be 10–15 cm, and the thickness is about 30–35 mm.

To create an attractive railing, the boards can be given the desired and interesting shape. To do this, you can use a lathe. If you do not have such equipment, a regular jigsaw can replace it.

Draw a template on paper that is the actual size of the baluster.
Using the most ordinary pencil, circle the template on all the boards.
After that, cut out the shape along the contour.
After completing this procedure, all the boards must be cleaned with fine sandpaper and polished.

How to install?

Sculptural balusters, like metal balusters, must be mounted to the steps, which should not be done with flat balusters. If flat balusters are attached to the steps, then the whole structure will turn out to be unreliable and shaky. Balusters must be inserted into the frame, which is obtained from the handrail, the upper and lower cabinets, and the lower beam.

Balusters should be fixed at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other. During operation, you can use two types of fasteners - on metal studs and in grooves. If you still decide to install in the grooves, then you need to grind grooves on the structural details, about two centimeters in size.

Railings are an important part of the stairs. They strengthen the structure and serve as a support for people. Properly made railings will decorate the stairs and the interior of the house. They are made from different materials and, in accordance with its design, have all sorts of shapes and sizes.

Tools

When installing the railing, prepare the tools in advance:

chisels;
hacksaw and chisel;
hammer;
screwdrivers;
screwdriver;
drill;
drill;
jigsaw;
level;
marking tools - tape measure, pencil, marker.

Material

When choosing a material for a railing, several factors should be considered:

design features;
interior style;
the complexity of installation - this moment is especially important when working independently.

Materials from which the railing for the stairs is made:

wood;

metal: steel, aluminum, chrome-plated metal;

wrought iron;

glass;

plastic.

Construction details

The elements that make up any stair railing:

Pedestals-supports - are installed at the beginning and end of the flight of stairs. They carry the main load, so they must be very stable. For reliability, cabinets are often installed on an additional platform. Its height is 80-90 cm. This is an average parameter at which it is convenient for a person to climb stairs, but if desired, it can be changed.

Balusters - posts that are installed along the flight of stairs and support the railing. They come in any shape: round, square, flat or curly.

Wooden balusters are often hand carved.

The distance between the posts is different, but it should not exceed 20 cm. One option is a solid baluster.

Handrail - the upper part of the railing, the size of which corresponds to the length of the flight of stairs. It can be round, rectangular and even carved, but the main purpose of this detail is the convenience of users. It is he who is the support when moving up the stairs.

How to make a railing for stairs

Wooden railing for stairs

Material selection

For the manufacture of railings, various types of wood are used: spruce, fir, poplar, walnut, etc. But the most reliable are products made of oak, ash or teak. Hardwoods allow for subtle but safe details, and the railings made of them have a light, graceful look.

Installation of stair railing

Pedestals are installed at the end and beginning of the march. To check the selected height, a cord is pulled between them and a trial ascent and descent is carried out. The pedestals are fastened and checked for stability - their "reeling" is unacceptable.
The bowstring (lower support) is attached with screws to the flight of stairs and pedestals.
The frequency of the balusters is calculated, and holes are drilled in the handrail under them.
The end edges of the balusters are sawn off at an angle equal to the slope of the stairs. When attaching racks to their steps lower part leave straight.
Balusters are installed using studs that are screwed into their base and inserted into the prepared hole in the stairs. They are tightened with nuts from the underside of the structure. Another mounting option is the use of spikes and notches in the bowstring and handrail.
Railings are installed and fixed on the balusters.
Finished fences are cleaned of dust, all visible flaws on the surface are puttied and varnished.

Fastening railings with nails is the easiest way to assemble them. But he is also the most unreliable, because later a short time the structure becomes unstable. Special studs, spikes or self-tapping screws planted on adhesive composition, will provide a more durable fastening of parts.

Metal railings for stairs

Material

Metal railings are purchased ready-made or ordered in a workshop - it is very difficult to make them on your own. These designs are made of various materials, which have their pros and cons.

Aluminum is lightweight and affordable. Railings made of this material are varied in shape and configuration, but not very durable.

Stainless steel is beautiful, durable and resistant to moisture. It has one drawback - high cost.

Painted pipes are reliable and affordable, but require regular renewal of the coating.
Nickel-plated pipes are beautiful and not very expensive compared to "stainless steel", but they are prone to corrosion.

Railing installation

On the steps of the stairs, in the places where the balusters are installed, markings are made.
Holes are drilled in the marked places.
The resulting dust is blown out with an industrial vacuum cleaner.
Two-component glue is poured into the resulting hole, and studs are inserted.
With the help of a screw or welding, racks are attached to the studs. With the help of the level, their vertical position is controlled.
A handrail is attached to the supports with bolts. Welding is rarely used because it requires certain skills.
Welded seams are cleaned and polished.

Forged railings for stairs

Forged railings are mounted by welding. Elements for them are sold in stores or workshops. But the best option- order a railing from a blacksmith. According to the proposed drawing, the craftsmen will forge a unique product that will be a unique decoration of the house.

Welding work on the installation of railings does not require special professionalism - it is enough to have small skills in them. But it is very important to carefully approach the finish finished construction. With the right materials for priming and painting railings, they will last for many years without changing their appearance.

Railing for stairs, photo:

Metal railings can be quite sophisticated

In every house, even one-story, there is a staircase, and often more than one. The staircase can be obligatory element, and the highlight of the interior. A good designer knows how to play with, emphasize and fit this element into the surrounding space. Railings are an integral part of the stairs. Their main function is to provide security. But besides this, it is the stylistic solution of the railing that allows the staircase to become a dominant in the design solution of a particular interior. This seemingly extremely functional design can be a bright and memorable accent in the interior decoration of the house. Metal ones allow you to embody almost any stylistic decision, regardless of whether you plan to decorate the interior in a classic style, vintage, hi-tech or Provence.

First, let's deal with the terminology. A railing is a protective system of stairs that ensures the safety of the ascent by protecting it from falling. It consists of several elements. Balusters - support vertical racks, with their help, the fence is attached to the stairs.

Filling the fence - closes the space between the balusters, that is, it performs the main function of ensuring security. Also, it is precisely by filling the space between the balusters that you can create a completely different design for the stairs.

Important! If there are children in the house, partitions are necessary. It is safest to use solid partitions.

Filling can be done:

vertical or inclined elements;
horizontal crossbars running parallel to the handrails;
solid sheets.

Vertical filling of the fence

Horizontal filling of the fence

Complete filling of the fence

Handrails - this is the part of the railing that lies on the balusters, and people hold on to it with their hands, leaning on it when ascending or descending.

1. The handrail is installed in the wall. 2. The handrail is installed on the railing

Design and selection of materials for railings

Even if the staircase is not a bright decorative element of the interior, it is important to pay attention to how it looks so that it fits stylistically into the surrounding space. And this largely depends on the choice of material. Minimalist or high-tech metal structure can nullify all efforts to create classic interior, and vice versa - too elegant, it will look awkward in a simple, unpretentious retro.

An example of a harmonious combination of metal fencing with the overall interior of the room

So, consider the most popular materials:

…to exclusive hand-carved versions

Also advantageously combined PVC handrails and glass panels

Or maybe the embodiment of luxury and wealth

Separately, it is worth noting the railings of artistic casting, which are not inferior in luxury to their “brothers” from ancient palaces

Important! If you plan to install metal railings on the street, the structure must be treated with a special anti-corrosion compound. Otherwise, weather events will quickly spoil their appearance.

Benefits of metal railings

Durability - unlike wood, metal parts will not require updating.
Price. Lower compared to wood (everything, however, depends on the complexity of the design)
Variety of materials aluminum profiles, steel, wrought iron, pipes, etc.
Variety of shapes - metal railings can give the largest number of design options.

Metal railings can withstand hail, rain, snow, heat and other weather conditions for many years without losing their beauty.

Methods for making metal railings

According to the method of manufacture, metal railings can be different. And each method has its pros and cons. Prefabricated are made of aluminum or steel parts. After assembling the parts, the steel railings will need to be painted, and the aluminum railings will need to be coated with a protective coating. Another advantage of this option is the low weight. This is the easiest and most economical option that you can assemble with your own hands, and, if necessary, dismantle. Fabrication and installation of prefabricated railings

Cast railings. For casting, a sketch is first drawn, then a mold is made in which the necessary parts are cast. A laborious process, but the resulting result has two undeniable advantages:

durability
an almost endless variety of shapes

wear resistance cast railings makes them a great option for outdoor installations

Indoors, such railings can also look chic.

Combined railing - the most versatile and very interesting option. The combination with glass and wood allows you to realize a wide variety of design ideas that will fit into almost any interior.

Most often, metal railings are complemented by wooden railings.

AT recent times Increasingly, metal railings are combined with glass panels.

Forged are most often used in classic styles such as baroque, or rococo. Elegant and sophisticated, they look sophisticated and rich, creating an openwork light pattern. They will add charm and a sense of luxury to any room. Wrought iron railings can be made in a very diverse color palette– bronze, gold, silver, copper, etc. Perhaps the only drawback of this option is the high price.

Forged railings are suitable, as for internal stairs ...

Same for the porch

White wrought iron railings look especially elegant.

Stainless steel railings (welded) are quite strong, reliable and durable. The principle of their manufacture is simple: segments of steel or cast iron rods are welded in the form of a lattice, which is coated with paint. Stainless steel railings are commonly used in modern high-tech or minimalist styles. In fact, when processed, they can turn out to be very beautiful fences with geometric patterns that will look great in classic options. Welded iron railings can be prone to corrosion and need occasional painting. Steel products devoid of these shortcomings. Stainless Steel Railing Welding

Design Requirements

When designing and creating metal fences, it is important to remember not only the design, but also the safety of the structure. In order for fences to fulfill their protective function, several requirements must be observed during design:

The height of the fences ranges from 90 cm to 1 m.
The distance between the racks is no more than 60 cm.
If there are small children in the house, or fences are designed for children's institution(kindergarten, hospital), the distance between the posts is reduced to 10cm so that the baby cannot stick his head between them.
The distance from the handrail attached to the wall to the wall is 7-10 cm.
The fence can withstand a load of 100 kg per m.
The handrails, for which a person holds his hand during the descent, are made smooth and continuous, the cross-sectional area is not less than 5 cm.
The handrails protrude 30 cm beyond the line of steps, their end is made rounded.

An example of the calculation of the railing for the stairs

The staircase in the house usually occupies large space and has been used repeatedly every day for many years, so its design, convenience and safety must be taken very carefully at the design stage. In order for you to get beautiful, easy-to-use, high-quality fences that will last you for many years, all stages are equally important: material selection, design, manufacture and installation. Therefore, the most the best choice- entrust this process to experienced professionals who will produce high-quality fences for you, taking into account all your wishes and conditions in which the structure will be used.

Although stair railings are considered a minor design detail because they are not always used, they are important enough to be told about. The main function is to ensure safety and convenience when moving up a flight of stairs. The design of the railing plays an important role.

For the manufacture of wood, concrete, metal and glass are traditionally used. The latter, as a rule, is used as a filling of the distances between the racks.

In this article we will talk about metal railings for stairs. .

Sketches of railings and fences - photos and drawings

Handrail sketches are an integral part of the design and help to present the final picture in more detail. For these purposes, photographs of railings, computer graphics or freehand drawing are suitable.

Stair railing elements

railing - it's a fence flights of stairs which protect a person from falling out and provide convenient operation of the structure. Handrail accessories:

Balusters . Support posts with which the railing is attached to the stairs. Carry out the bearing and decorative functions.
Filling the fences . It is necessary in order to close the space between the racks, and thereby ensure the safety of movement on the stairs. Partitions are required if there are children in the house. There are several basic types of filling (shown in the photo).
1. classic. Consist only of vertical or inclined balusters;
2. solid panels. Such a fence is a set of wide sheets. As a rule, they are used when combining railings with glass.
3. filling with crossbars. In this case, the space between the balusters is closed with horizontal metal bars - crossbars or handrails, located parallel to the handrails.

handrails - fencing elements that are installed on balusters on one side of the flight of stairs or on both. They can also be wall-mounted. Handrail pads provide a comfortable and pleasant to the touch grip.

Types of railings for stairs - materials and manufacturing methods

Before explaining how to make a railing for a staircase, you need to choose which metal better fit for our purposes.

aluminum;
iron;
cast iron;
steel railing.

The choice of material depends on many factors, but the purpose of the product remains the most important. For example, stainless steel is best suited for outdoor railings, from which nickel-plated railings are obtained. Or cast iron, products from which can be seen in old entrances or on bridges.

Aluminum railings are great for indoors and can take more complex shapes(screw or rotary). Iron is generally used for mass production. It is difficult to process and is not suitable for homemade products.

According to the method of manufacture, the following types of railings are distinguished:

Prefabricated railings for stairs

The railing is assembled from steel or aluminum parts. In the first case, upon completion of the work, the railings are painted, in the second - the application of a special protective coating. Aluminum railings have the following advantages:

ease of installation (the ability to do it yourself);
cheapness;
low weight of the structure.

These advantages are due to the fact that prefabricated fences are made without the use of welding. If necessary, the structure can be easily dismantled.

According to the method of applying a protective coating, railings and handrails are divided into:

fencing with polymer coating;
anodized aluminium.
chrome-plated steel.

Welded railings for stairs - photo of metal railings

Welded railings for stairs are made of steel or ferrous metal. Their advantage is strength and durability. However, with proper finishing, such products are also very beautiful. Stainless steel railings are shaped using the cold bending method. This type of design is characterized by the presence of geometric ornaments.

The disadvantage of welded iron railings is their susceptibility to corrosion and the need for periodic painting. Stainless steel railings do not have this disadvantage. The service life of such products is about 50 years. They do not need any painting or additional care. If necessary, repair of the railing can be done by hand. The surface of the steel is processed using polishing, grinding or satin finish.

Handrail welding is divided into two types:

semi-automatic;
argon-arc.

The disadvantage of the first method is the large amount of splashes. The second method is devoid of this drawback and is therefore more common. The seam during argon welding is more accurate and lends itself well to further processing, which includes cleaning and polishing. The handrail is fastened with a hardware assembly or by gluing with a special glue.

Forged railings for stairs - photo of stair railings

Wrought iron stair railings are exquisite appearance and complex manufacturing process. They are carried out by the method of artistic forging, often individual project. Any options for finishing and mixing styles are possible - from light, openwork, air structures to massive, creating a feeling of reliability.

Forged stair railings will give any product or interior a unique charm of antiquity and good quality.

Wrought iron stair railings provide a huge variety of colors: gold, silver, copper, etc. The only drawback of such products is their extremely high price.

Cast fences and railings

To make cast fences and railings, a sample of the future product is first prepared, according to which the mold is made. Next, molten metal (bronze, cast iron, brass) is poured into it. After the material hardens, it is further processed. Casting has a number of advantages:

durability and strength;
variety of forms.

Combined railing for stairs

Combined fences provide a combination various materials. For example, powder-coated chrome railings, steel handrails and glass inserts, or aluminum handrails. Such a variety makes the combined railing one-stop solution, suitable for almost every staircase.

Requirements for railings of stairs - standards for railings and handrails

Requirements for fences (GOST and SNiP) are due to their main function - ensuring safety during ascent and descent. In this regard, the design must comply with certain standards:

the height of the stair railings is from 90 cm to a meter.
racks are installed from each other at a distance of about 60 cm;
the space between the balusters is filled with one of the methods described above;
if the handrail is attached to the wall, then the distance from it to the wall should be 7-10 cm;
handrail overlays must be smooth and continuous, have a cross section of 5 cm;
handrails for stairs protrude 30 cm beyond the step line and have a rounded end;
the structure must withstand a load of at least 100 kg per meter.

On stairs installed in childcare facilities, the handrail should be duplicated at a height of 50 cm. And the distance between the uprights is reduced to 10 cm so that the child cannot stick his head through.

Do-it-yourself railing installation - installation of stair railings video

It is difficult to overestimate how important the reliable installation of stair railings is. First of all, the safety of people depends on this. If you do not know how to install the railing, but want to do it yourself, choose one of two methods:

Attaching Handrail to Wall - Ladder Mounting

Fastening the handrail to the wall is used if the ladder is located near the wall. In this case, racks are not needed, the installation of handrails is carried out using special brackets, the size of which is calculated in such a way that the distance from the handrail to the wall is about 7-10 cm.

The handrail bracket can be of two types:

cast;
articulated.

When using the second type, it is possible to adjust the inclination of the handrail, which is very convenient. The design is easy to assemble and can be quickly dismantled if necessary.

Fastening balusters to steps - railings to stairs

Installation of balusters can be done in three ways:

single- the simplest and least reliable way, when the rack is fixed only on the anchor (dowel). But, as a rule, it is quite enough;
flange mount- involves fixing the flange with self-tapping screws. For maximum reliability, use three self-tapping screws;
anti-vandal fastening of fences- the most reliable. With the help of a drill, pits are drilled in the steps and mortgages are placed in them, on which pipes for the railing are attached.

Mounting on a step

The installation of the railing in this way begins with the fact that on the steps the places where the racks will be located are outlined. They should be located at a distance of 5-10 cm from the edges of the step and at a distance of 30-60 cm from each other.
First, the first and last pillar are installed. For single mount for this, pits 12 cm deep and 16 mm in diameter are drilled in the steps. Anchors (dowels) are inserted into the pits, on which balusters are mounted.

For flange mounting three holes are drilled 8 cm deep and 1.2 cm in diameter, into which dowels are inserted. The flange is fixed with self-tapping screws and a rack is attached to it. An example is shown in the photo. When installing, make sure that the entrance pillars are vertical, as they will be a guide for the rest of the balusters.
Pull the cord along the top of the extreme racks and install the balusters, aligning them with the cord. Then check the verticality of each and attach to the steps.
Stainless steel handrails can be fastened both on top of the balusters, with self-tapping screws, and on the side, using flanges.
Stainless steel handrails must be cut to the required length at right angles before installation. Determine the places where you need to drill holes by attaching the handrail to the posts. Install on hinges and secure.
If the filling of the space between the uprights is carried out with the help of crossbars, then it is necessary to cut them into segments right size, determine the mounting points on the racks (usually 2 or 3) and drill holes. Fix the crossbar on the balusters.

If glass panels are used as filling, then it is necessary to install special holders on the rack and fix the panels with their help.

The disadvantage of fastening "on a step" is that the fence reduces the width of the march. That's why this method undesirable for narrow stairs. In this case, it is preferable to mount the racks at the end.

Fastening balusters to the end of the step

Such fastening of the railing is possible when the distance between the marches is at least 70 cm. The baluster is installed on the end using two anchors. There are four ways:

Fastening of balusters on two expansion anchors through the sleeve. It is used in cases where it is necessary to place the rack at a small distance from the step. At the end of the step, 2 recesses are drilled, into which expansion anchors are inserted through the holes in the uprights and bushings with decorative overlays so that the end of the anchor protrudes slightly. A cap nut is screwed onto this end, expanding it and fixing it.
Side mount. In this case, the balusters are threaded into special holders and fixed. And expansion anchors attach them to the flight of stairs.
On two expansion anchors without the use of a sleeve. In this case, the rack is closely adjacent to the end of the step. It differs from the first method only in that the sleeve is not used.
Mounting on a chemical anchor. Chemical or liquid nails are an adhesive substance that penetrates deep into the concrete and holds it firmly together. This method is used if it is necessary to fix the railings of flights of stairs in concrete structure. So, an anchor and a hairpin are inserted into the hole filled with the mixture.

After the balusters are fixed, the residual installation of the railing is carried out. In the same way as when installing ON stage (described above). The railing for the stainless steel stairs is ready.

racks cannot be installed in places of height difference and bending of handrails (fracture);
during installation, in places of retraction and fracture, it is necessary to adjust the docking as accurately as possible;
the joints of the crossbars, if possible, should be made so that they are closed with fasteners or special fittings;
when installing racks on steps lined with tiles, it is necessary to make a mark on the surface so that the drill with diamond crown did not slip.

Subject to these rules, you can assemble the railing for the stairs with your own hands. This is a very real task, if you approach it methodically and slowly.