Student report on undergraduate practice. Report on undergraduate practice

Now we invite you to take a look at an example of a manufacturing practice report. More precisely, our task will be as follows:

• explain what a practice report is;
• consider its types;
• tell where to start work;
• give an example of a structure;
• explain how the diary is filled in.

The practice report is an integral part of the student's work, which helps the teacher understand whether the student understands a given area, what are his professional skills.

Where to begin

The practice is passed three times during the entire training period (educational, industrial and pre-diploma). We will take a closer look at each of the species below. Examples of reports on industrial practice or pre-diploma, which are laid out for free review, do not always correspond to the standards and norms of the university where students are trained. It is for this reason that you need to do it yourself this work, which will further facilitate the work with the diploma project.

Both industrial and pre-diploma practice begins with the fact that you need to take teaching materials from the graduating department, which are necessary for the correct and competent writing of the report. These materials contain the following information:

• tasks;
• goals;
• design recommendations;
• an internship plan (that is, the tasks that are assigned to the student during the internship, but no more than four).

Begin your work by studying the received teaching materials... Study the theoretical part of the question, then proceed to collecting information about activities of the enterprise(practice bases). Industrial and undergraduate practice involves the collection of information about the activities of the enterprise, the analysis of the data obtained and the proposal for improving the activities.

Structure

An educational institution has the right to put forward its own special requirements for the structure of practice reports. If there are none, then stick to the standard form:

• title page;
• content;
• introduction;
• main part;
• conclusion;
• applications.

Please note that during the passage it is necessary to fill out a diary of industrial practice or pre-diploma. If the base of industrial and pre-diploma practice is one enterprise, then the information in the diary should not differ greatly. Please also note that reports on different types practices are insignificant, but differ from each other. Now let's talk about this in a little more detail.

Views

In total, students undergo three types of practice during their training. The similarities and differences between them can be judged by examining the table in this section.

Practice type	Peculiarities
	This is the simplest practice and does not involve introducing the student into the work environment. As a rule, these are group lessons where you need to learn theoretical material and complete some practical tasks. The structure of the report is the same as described above.
Production	Next, we will consider an example of a manufacturing practice report, where each item will be detailed. Note that the student is already immersed in a work environment. An obligatory task that is set before the student is his own recommendation for improving the enterprise.
Pre-graduation	This is the final stage. Some of this material can be placed directly in your thesis. In the course of your internship, you must decide on the topic of your thesis project and, when writing, focus on this particular direction.

Any report on practice must contain documents, which include: practice diary, student characteristics, explanatory note.

Explanatory note

As mentioned earlier, the explanatory note is one of the required documents... What is it? In this document, the student should very briefly, but clearly describe their actions during the internship. A brief reference on this enterprise would also be useful.

This section contains a note from a sample field practice report. Note that as you read the note, the instructor should have no doubt that you really wrote this report yourself.

Characteristic

In the course of your internship, your supervisor may give some tasks that will help him figure out what kind of specialist you are. Please note that the work should be treated responsibly, because, based on these results, the head of practice from the enterprise will write a description. Your supervisor, based on all the documents presented to him, will give an assessment on the result of the work.

How better characteristic, the higher the score you get on defending a practice report.

Filling out the diary

A diary of industrial practice or pre-graduation is an important part of the work. This document is filled in independently by the student and carries information about the daily stages of the internship. This also includes individual assignments, which can be received by a student from a manager (from an enterprise or university).

The form of the document is compulsorily provided to students. The diary is easy enough to fill in: just write down everything that you did in the given enterprise. For example: "04/20/2017 / Study of regulatory documents. 04/21/2017 / Work in the" A "program, familiarity with the rules for reporting, and so on." Please note that the diary must be stamped and signed by your supervisor from the place of internship.

Sample outline and summary of paragraphs in the practice report

Now we will take a quick look at an example of a report on industrial practice at the company "A". To begin with, we draw up a title page according to the requirements of your educational institution. Next comes the table of contents:

• Introduction (goals, objectives, documents used in the work and regulations, description of work steps).
• The main part (as a rule, these are two parts: theoretical and practical). Theoretical - a description of the organization, practical - analysis of the collected analytical information, calculations, proposals for improving the work.
• Conclusion (in this section it is necessary to summarize the work done, describe the knowledge and skills gained during it).

We draw your attention to the fact that all work is written in business style... An example of a plan for a report on industrial practice can be seen in the picture in this section.

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………… ... 3

1.General characteristics of Progress LLC ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5

2.Analysis of the financial position of Progress LLC ………………………… 10

3.Proposals to optimize the financial and economic situation

LLC Progress ………………………………………………………………… 16

Conclusion ………………………………………………………… ................. 20

Diary of pre-graduation practice …………………………………… .............. 21

Final feedback of the head of practice from the organization ... ................. 23

Appendix 1 ………………………………………………………… ............. 24

Appendix 2 ……………………………………………………… ................. 25

Introduction

The relevance of undergraduate practice is due to the need to generalize, systematize, consolidate and deepen the theoretical knowledge gained during training at the Branch of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education MGUTU in Cheboksary, and their application in practical activities in relation to the specialty and profile future profession.

The purpose of the pre-diploma practice is to analyze the financial and economic indicators of the enterprise, as well as to identify and substantiate the directions for increasing the efficiency of financial and economic activities.

The object of the research is Progress LLC.

The subject of the research is the accounting (financial) statements and economic activities of the enterprise, on the basis of which the analysis of financial and economic indicators will be based.

To achieve this goal, you must complete the following tasks:

Study the functioning and development of an enterprise as a management system;

Collect information characterizing the main directions of production, economic and financial activities of the enterprise;

Consider and summarize information related to the external and internal environment of the studied object;

Collect and analyze the financial statements of the company;

Develop proposals for improving and improving the system of indicators of financial and economic activities of Progress LLC.

During the practice, the following methods were used: analytical method, method of calculating indicators, grouping method, method of comparison and comparison.

Practical significance The work done is determined by the fact that during the internship, information has been collected that characterizes the organizational and economic parameters of Progress LLC. In addition, information has been studied that characterizes the main directions of production, economic and financial activities of the enterprise. Experience has been gained in using such methods of work as the analytical method, the method of calculating indicators, the method of grouping, the method of comparison and comparison, directly according to the profile of the future profession. Experience has been gained in analyzing the financial and economic activities of the enterprise and in developing proposals for optimizing the indicators of financial and economic activities. Of fundamental importance is the fact that in the process of passing the practice, practical material for the preparation and writing of the final qualifying work.

1. General characteristics of LLC "Progress"

Limited Liability Company "Progress", a small enterprise for the production of bread and flour confectionery products of short storage.

The company was founded in early 2006 and carries out its financial and economic activities to the present. Location of Progress LLC: Chuvash Republic, Shumerlinsky District, 62nd Quarter of the Mysletsky Forestry, Torkhansky Rural Settlement, 2.

According to the Charter of Progress LLC, the enterprise is the legal successor of all rights and obligations of the affiliated LLC Shumerlinsky Industrial Plant of Chuvashpotrebsoyuz.

The history of the creation and functioning of the enterprise is relatively small, Progress LLC began its entrepreneurial activity at the beginning of 2006 The main goal of the enterprise is to generate profit and expand the market for goods and services.

The organizational structure of Progress LLC management is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 - Organizational structure of Progress LLC

The organizational structure of the enterprise as a whole corresponds to the scale and nature of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise

Production structure OOO Progress is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - Production structure of Progress LLC

The enterprise provides employment to an average of 63 people, the average monthly salary is 20.4 thousand rubles. For the Mysletsky forestry of the Torkhansky rural settlement, this is high level wages, as a result of which there are no problems with labor resources. If there is a slight turnover of personnel, then it is associated with such reasons as moving workers to other cities, going on maternity leave, etc.

In the economy of the Mysletsky forestry of the Torkhansky rural settlement, Progress LLC plays important role since there are few manufacturing enterprises operating here. In addition, Progress LLC operates not only in the local market, but also at the regional level.

The company is obliged to maintain accounting records and provide financial statements in the manner prescribed by the legal acts of the Russian Federation. Responsibility for organization, condition and accuracy accounting in the Company, the timely submission of the annual report and other financial statements to the relevant authorities, as well as information on the activities of the Company provided to creditors and the media, is borne by the head in accordance with the legal acts of the Russian Federation.

External environment LLC Progress is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 - External environment of Progress LLC

Consider the structure of the property of Progress LLC at the present time (Figure 4).

Figure 4 - Property structure of Progress LLC as of 01.01.2010, thousand rubles

At the beginning of 2009, the share of non-current assets and current assets in the structure of property was 38.5% and 61.5%, respectively, and at the end of 2009. - 40.5% and 59.5%, respectively. The structure of the property corresponds to the area of ​​activity of Progress LLC, i.e. production.

Figure 5 shows the dynamics of revenue for common types activities, i.e. from the sale of bread and flour confectionery products of short storage for the period from 2006. to 2009

Figure 5 - Dynamics of proceeds from the sale of bread and flour confectionery products of short storage, thousand rubles

The dynamics of proceeds from sales suggests that the company is quite successfully operating in the market for the sale of bread and flour confectionery products, during 2006-2008. revenue is constantly calculating. Income from the production and sale of bread and flour confectionery products decreased only in 2009, and then only relative to 2008. The reason for this is not the global financial and economic crisis, since bread is a commodity that is inelastic in demand, it has no substitute products. The reason for this price policy enterprises, since Progress LLC went for a slight price reduction in relation to flour confectionery products in order not to lose customers. Bread prices remained at the 2008 level, as their change would not lead to the fact that they would eat more or less bread than usual.

The dynamics of net profit from sales corresponds to the dynamics of proceeds from sales (Figure 6).

Figure 6 - Profit dynamics of Progress LLC for the period 2006 - 2009, thousand rubles.

2.Analysis of the financial position of Progress LLC

The financial block (or analysis of the financial condition) of the process of assessing the financial and economic condition of an enterprise is a set of universal indicators calculated on the basis of the main forms of financial statements.

The main aspects of this analysis of indicators that need to be assessed include:

Analysis of liquidity and solvency;

Financial stability analysis;

Business activity analysis;

Analysis of the efficiency of the enterprise.

The analysis of the financial position of Progress LLC was based on the following forms of accounting (financial) statements:

Balance sheet (form No. 1) as of 01.01.2008 and the Profit and Loss Statement for 2007;

Balance sheet (form No. 1) as of 01.01.2009 and the Profit and Loss Statement for 2008;

Balance sheet (form No. 1) as of 01.01.2010. and 2009 Profit and Loss Statement.

In a tabular form, the indicators of these forms of financial statements are presented in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 of this report on undergraduate practice.

Figure 7 shows the structure of the company's current assets as of 01.01.2010, where it is clearly seen that most of the assets are concentrated in short-term receivables. Approximately the same shares of assets (32% and 27%) are concentrated in cash and reserves. A similar picture of the structure working capital may already indicate an excess amount of funds.

Figure 7 - Structure of current assets of Progress LLC as of 01.01.2010, in%

Calculation of indicators of liquidity and solvency of Progress LLC is presented in table 1.

Table 1

Calculation of indicators of liquidity and solvency of Progress LLC

Indicator name	Method of calculation according to the data of the aggregated balance sheet	Method of calculation by lines of financial statements	Normal limitation	Calculation of indicators
1.General indicator of solvency	(A1 + 0.5A2 + 0.3A3) / (P1 + 0.5P2 + 0.3P3)	p. 250 + p. 260 + 0.5 x (p. 240) + 0.3 x (p. 210 + p. 220 + p. 230 + p. 270) / p. 620 + 0.5 x (p. 610 + page 630 + page 660) + 0.3 x (page 590 + page 640 + page 650)	> or = 1
2.The ratio of absolute liquidity		(p. 250 + p. 260) / (p. 610 + p. 620 + p. 630 + p. 660)	from 0.2 to 0.5
3. Ratio of critical (intermediate) liquidity	(A1 + A2) / (P1 + P2)	(p. 250 + p. 260 + p. 240) / (p. 610 + p. 620 + p. 630 + p. 660)
4. Current liquidity ratio	(A1 + A2 + A3) / (P1 + P2)	(p. 290) / (p. 610 + p. 620 + p. 630 + p. 660)

The dynamics of liquidity and solvency indicators is shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8 - Dynamics of indicators of liquidity and solvency of Progress LLC for 2006-2009.

The dynamics of the coefficients is not entirely unambiguous, but in general it demonstrates growth over the considered period of time.

Evaluation of these ratios suggests that Progress LLC has an excessively excessive liquidity of funds. In general, the company is solvent, as evidenced by the values ​​of the general indicator of solvency. The enterprise is able to pay off its short-term liabilities (and it does not have long-term liabilities, judging by the financial statements), at the expense of its current assets.

Despite the fact that the current financial and economic crisis in Russia is often called a liquidity crisis, it is clear that it did not affect Progress LLC, since at the end of 2009. there were so many funds on the company's accounts (633 thousand rubles) that it was able to more than pay off all its financial obligations (490 thousand rubles).

The values ​​of liquidity and solvency indicators most likely indicate poor quality cash management.

The calculation of financial stability indicators is presented in table 2.

table 2

Calculation of indicators of financial stability of LLC "Progress"

Indicator name	Calculation method	Normal limitation	Actual value of indicators
1.Capitalization ratio	(p. 590 + p. 690) / p. 490	not higher than 1.5
2.Ratio of provision of own sources of financing	(p. 490-p. 190) / p. 290	> 0.1; optimal> or = 0.5
3.Financial independence ratio	page 490 / page 700
4.Funding Ratio	page 490 / (page 590 + page 690)	> either = 0.7; optimal = 1.5
5. Coefficient of financial stability	(p. 490 + p. 590) / Balance currency	> either = 0.6

The values ​​of the calculated indicators significantly exceed the necessary optimal limits, which, on the one hand, speaks of super-high financial stability, on the other hand, it is alarming: what is the reason for this state of affairs ?!

First, the company has more than a sufficient amount of its own circulating assets, as evidenced by the values ​​of the coefficients of its own funding sources, the values ​​of which range from 0.65 to 0.75 during 2006-2009.

Own sources of financing predominate in the structure of liabilities of Progress LLC, as evidenced by the values ​​of the indicator of financial independence, which during 2006-2009. did not fall below 0.8. The company is financially independent of external sources of funding.

For a comprehensive analysis of the financial situation, it is also necessary to analyze the property turnover of Progress LLC (Table 3).

Table 3

System of indicators of business activity LLC "Progress"

Index		Actual value of indicators: number of revolutions (Turnover rate in days)
K-t asset turnover	(Sales revenue - Indirect taxes) / (0.5 (Non-current and current assets at the beginning of the year + non-current and current assets at the end of the year))
K-t turnover of current assets	(Sales revenue-Indirect taxes) / (0.5 (Current assets at the beginning of the year + Current assets at the end of the year))
K-t turnover of equity capital	(Sales revenue-Indirect taxes) / (0.5 (Capital and reserves + Deferred income + Provisions for future expenses at the beginning of the year + Capital and reserves + Deferred income + Provisions for future expenses at the end of the year))
K-t of inventory turnover	Cost of work performed / (0.5 (Inventories at the beginning of the year + Inventories at the end of the year))
K-t turnover of receivables	Sales revenue / (0.5 (Accounts receivable at the beginning of the year + Accounts receivable at the end of the year))

Business activity indicators indicate a fairly high turnover of funds of Progress LLC. On average, the property of an enterprise is turned over 4.4 times a year or 82 days, i.e. during this period of time, all funds invested in turnover are scrolled, and the company receives income.

Accounts receivable turn around in an average of 26 days. Equity capital turns around on average 66 days.

The values ​​of the turnover ratios of Progress LLC indicate a high level of business activity of the enterprise.

Nevertheless, it should be noted that during 2008 there was an increase in the level of business activity, and in 2009. there was a slight decrease in the rate of turnover of the property of the enterprise. Probably, the reason for this is the general economic crisis situation in the country, which can neither affect economic entities.

Table 4

Evaluation of the efficiency of the enterprise,%

Indicator name	Calculation formula
Return on assets by net profit	Net profit / (0.5 (Non-current and current assets at the beginning of the year + non-current and current assets at the end of the year))
Return on equity on net profit (retained)	Net profit / (0.5 (Equity at the beginning of the year + Equity at the end of the year))
Return on sales at cost of sales	Net profit / (Cost of sales)
Return on sales by net profit	Net profit / (Revenue-VAT)

The enterprise is notable for its low profitability of financial and economic activities. In 2008, there was an increase in the efficiency of activities, in 2009 there was a decrease in profitability indicators relative to 2008, however, they did not fall below the values ​​of these coefficients in 2007.

In general, in 2009. LLC Progress:

From 1 ruble invested in the property (assets) of the enterprise, he received 11.1 kopecks of net profit;

From 1 ruble invested in equity enterprises, received 13.4 kopecks of net profit;

From 1 ruble spent on expenses for the implementation of production and economic activities of the enterprise, received 2.8 kopecks of net profit;

From 1 ruble invested in the turnover (income) of the enterprise, I received 2.6 kopecks of net profit.

In general, we can talk about the well-being of the financial and economic condition of Progress LLC, although it will not be superfluous to take a number of measures aimed at increasing the economic efficiency of activities and optimizing liquidity and solvency indicators.

3. Proposals to optimize the financial and economic situation of Progress LLC

The revealed surplus of liquid funds is an undesirable phenomenon, its presence is evidence of insufficient effective use LLC "Progress" temporarily free cash and other current assets.

It is assumed that the higher the current liquidity ratio, the more reliable the position of creditors, since in the event of non-fulfillment of loan agreements, the borrower will be able to satisfy the claims of creditors due to the excess of current assets over short-term debt.

The growth of this ratio is facilitated by the growth of long-term sources of funding for reserves and a decrease in the level of short-term liabilities.

At the same time, too high current liquidity observed in Progress LLC, from the point of view of the actions of the organization's management, is a sign of insufficiently effective operational management assets entrusted to them by the owners of the organization. It testifies to the funds that are stuck in bank accounts and are not involved in economic circulation, the level of reserves, which has become excessive in comparison with the real needs of the organization, and the wrong credit policy.

LLC "Progress" needs the surplus of funds accumulated in bank accounts and at the cash desk of the enterprise to be sent into circulation for the development of production activities, possibly for the expansion of technological processes.

Due to the low profitability of the production and economic activity of Progress LLC, the enterprise faces the urgent task of optimizing costs by choosing the most rational and effective methods accounting and cost control.

In the conditions of market relations and competition, the most progressive is the normative cost accounting method, which is a set of procedures for planning, rationing, release of materials into production, drawing up internal reporting, calculating the cost of production, implementing economic analysis and cost-based control. Therefore, LLC "Progress" can be recommended to use in full the normative method of cost accounting.

The effectiveness of this method is also manifested in the fact that it involves timely intervention in the formation of production costs, strict adherence to technological and industrial discipline... In essence, this is a method of daily monitoring and identification of new reserves of savings, which plays the role of a way to reduce the cost of production and increase the profitability of an economic entity.

The main advantage of the regulatory accounting and control system is the prompt detection of deviations of actual costs from the current consumption rates of raw materials and materials, wages and other production costs, their causes and impact on the cost of production.

The basic principles of the regulatory cost accounting method are as follows:

1) preliminary drawing up of a standard cost estimate for each type of services provided on the basis of the norms and estimates in force at the enterprise; maintaining, within a month, accounting of changes in existing norms to adjust the standard cost, determine the impact of these changes on the cost and effectiveness of measures that caused their changes;

2) accounting of actual costs during the month with their subdivision into costs according to the norms and deviations from the norms;

3) the establishment and analysis of the reasons, as well as the conditions for the occurrence of deviations from the norms in the places of their occurrence;

4) determination of the actual cost as the sum of the standard cost, deviations from the norms and changes in the norms.

The reserve for increasing the profitability of manufactured and sold products (goods) can also be a decrease in the volume of work in progress. During the period under review, according to the balance sheet data, a significant increase in the structure of non-current assets in the amount of work in progress is clearly visible: from 5 thousand rubles to in 2007 up to 353 thousand rubles. in 2009.

Work-in-progress includes products that have not passed all the stages (phases, redistributions) of processing provided for technological process, as well as incomplete products that have not passed tests and technical acceptance. But the profile of Progress LLC is bread and flour confectionery products of short storage. Therefore, an increase in the amount of work in progress can generally lead to serious problems sales in the future, if you do not activate today this process... Thus, LLC Progress needs to focus on reducing the amount of work in progress.

There is a huge amount of additional capital at the enterprise. In particular, in 2006. additional capital amounted to 2036 thousand rubles, in 2009. its value was 2410 thousand rubles.

The sources for the formation of the additional capital of Progress LLC are:

The amount of revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets;

The excess of the value of the participant's contribution to the authorized capital of a limited liability company over the par value of the share paid by the participant;

Additional contributions to the property of the company.

Since the amounts credited to account 83 "Additional capital", as a rule, are not written off, then LLC "Progress" can be recommended the following options its use:

Increase of the authorized capital at the expense of the additional capital;

Payments to participants with a decrease in the authorized capital.

Thus, the implementation of the above proposed measures will allow Progress LLC to maintain a high level of solvency, overcome excess liquidity, expand the turnover of production and economic activities, optimize costs and increase the efficiency of financial and economic activities. In general, the company will strengthen its financial and economic position in modern unstable conditions management.

Conclusion

In the process of undergoing pre-diploma practice at Progress LLC as an economist in analysis, the opportunity was realized to consolidate the theoretical knowledge gained during the training at the Branch of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education MGUTU in Cheboksary, and use them in practice in relation to the specialty and profile of the future profession.

To achieve this goal during the period of the practice, the following tasks were completed:

Studied the functioning and development of the enterprise as a management system;

Collected information characterizing the main directions of production, economic and financial activities of the enterprise;

Considered and summarized information related to the external and internal environment of the object under study, namely LLC "Progress";

Collected and analyzed the financial statements of the enterprise;

The instructive and regulations regulating the indicators of liquidity and financial stability of the enterprise, as well as the procedure for its functioning as an economic entity;

The analysis of the financial condition of Progress LLC was carried out on the basis of financial statements, in particular, forms No. 1 "Balance sheet", No. 2 "Profit and loss statement" for 2007-2009;

Proposals have been developed to improve the efficiency of the financial and economic activities of Progress LLC.

Annex 1

Balance sheet data of Progress LLC, thousand rubles

			End of 2007	End of 2008	End of 2009
I. NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Intangible assets
Fixed assets
Construction in progress
Long-term financial investments
Deferred tax assets
Other noncurrent assets
TOTAL for Section I
II. CURRENT ASSETS
Stocks, incl.
raw materials, materials and other similar values
work in progress costs
finished products and goods for resale
goods shipped
Future expenses
Value added tax on acquired assets
Accounts receivable (expected to be paid more than 12 months after the reporting date)
Accounts receivable (expected to be paid within 12 months after the reporting date), including:
buyers and customers
Short-term financial investments
Cash
Other current assets
TOTAL for Section II
BALANCE (sum of lines 190 + 290)
			End of 2007	End of 2008	End of 2009
III. CAPITALS AND RESERVES
Authorized capital
Extra capital
Reserve capital
Retained earnings of the reporting year
TOTAL for Section III
IV. LONG TERM DUTIES
Loans and credits
Other long-term liabilities
TOTAL for Section IV
V. SHORT-TERM OBLIGATIONS
Loans and credits
Accounts payable, including:
suppliers and contractors
debt to the organization's personnel
debt to the state. extrabudgetary funds
arrears of taxes and duties
other creditors
revenue of the future periods
Other current liabilities
TOTAL for section V
BALANCE (sum of lines 490 + 590 + 690)

Appendix 2

Profit and loss statements of Progress LLC, thousand rubles

Indicator name
Income and expenses from ordinary activities
Revenue (net) from the sale of goods, products, works, services (net of value added tax, excise taxes and similar mandatory payments)
Cost of goods, products, works, services sold
Gross profit
Business expenses
Administrative expenses
Profit (loss) from sales (lines (010 - 020 - 030 - 040))
Other income and expenses
Interest receivable
Percentage to be paid
Income from participation in other organizations
Other income
other expenses
Profit (loss) before tax
Deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities
Current income tax
Other payments to the budget
Net profit (loss) of the reporting period
Permanent tax liabilities (assets)
Basic earnings (loss) per share
Diluted earnings (loss) per share

Undergraduate practice, a kind of one of the final stages in the passage of training. Unlike other types of it (introductory and production), the purpose of pre-diploma practice is not only to find a solution to the previously posed problems, but also to collect information for future thesis.
When compiling a report on the internship, the materials received will form the basis for the main part of the diploma project, where it will be necessary to describe experimental methods in the study of the issue. The difference between an industrial internship and a pre-graduate internship is that the latter contains more subtle nuances and specific features of the chosen profession.

1. Drawing up a report should be dealt with from the first days of practice, since over time, some work elements are overlooked.
2. Pay attention to dates. A practice diary should be attached with the report. Let's start with a rough draft.
3. With a deep study of the issue and the collection of information, the performer will resort to various teaching aids, reference books and other sources. Each new source should be noted in the draft. This will help in compiling a list of used literature, which is attached in the report.

The report is provided in writing, therefore, there are certain criteria in the design of the report. Before the start of the internship, a seminar is held (personal consultation with a teacher is possible), where the issue of work design is discussed in detail, as well as specific requirements from the university. Taking into account all the wishes and recommendations, the report on undergraduate practice is as follows:
· First (title) page;
· Table of contents;
· Main part;
· Conclusion (in some universities it is not required);
· Bibliographic list;
· Application.

The following are submitted to the department with a report:
· Practice diary;
· Characteristics from the head of the company where the internship took place.

Title page

It contains the name of the Higher Education Institution and the department where the student is studying. It contains the data of the scientific supervisor of the project from the university and the data of the executor. In some cases, on title page there is room for the overall score for the practice, as well as for the defense of the report. Mandatory, at the end of the page, approximately in the center, the city and year are put down.
Majority educational institutions has ready-made forms for registration. You should check this detail with your teacher.

Or, in another way, the content, which is drawn up on a separate page listing all chapters, points and paragraphs in the report. They have numbers in Arabic numerals. In this case, the numbers and names must fully correspond to their localization in the report itself.

Main part

A standard part in any kind of report. The main part has three sections, where in the first chapter the goals set earlier are described, and the characteristics of the object under study are given. The second chapter describes more detailed functions executed by the object. In the third chapter, in an expanded form, they are monitored, and recommendations are made to improve the productivity of the enterprise. Special attention is given to the conducted methods in the study.
In some cases, the teacher stipulates that the characteristics given by the organization as a whole should be formalized in a separate section, namely "Introduction".

Conclusion

If this section is present in the work, then all the conclusions drawn for practice are indicated in it. They are formulated in a concise manner.

Bibliographic list

Used literature is formatted in the following way:
· First, all documented sources of archival value are indicated.
· The following are the sources of domestic publications.
· Then the literature of foreign authors.
· And only in the end, you need to list Internet sources.
The whole list is lined up in alphabetical order by the first letter of the author's surname. If there are several authors, then the list is drawn up according to the first letter of the title of the work. The year of publication is mandatory.

Application

Not a single pre-diploma report can do without this section, since it requires examples of available documentation from the enterprise, as well as graphs and tables. All images should have their numbers, which are put down in the text using links (square brackets) indicating the title of the illustration in abbreviated form and the serial number.
All work is numbered consecutively, but the number of pages spent on the "Application" section is not counted.

Work design parameters

The project is carried out on typewritten sheets of A4 format, on the one hand. All pages are numbered. The number "1" is not put on the title page, but it is taken into account.
The recommended font sizes should also be clarified when performing the written part of the work. As starting point exists certain parameters when writing:
The font size of the main text is 12. The headings and titles of the main chapters of the work are written in the Arial Cyr font. The titles of small sub-paragraphs and paragraphs are written in the style of Times New Roman, which is the same as the main text of the report, size 12. Chapters and so on are formatted into a point or two, larger than the main text. The text must have the dimensions of the fields:
The left margin is 2.5 or 3 centimeters.
Right - 1 centimeter.
Top and bottom margins - 2 centimeters.
The total volume contains 35 pages of a printed sheet, taking into account all requirements.

In any university, in the process of training, students need to undergo practical training in order to consolidate the theoretical knowledge they have acquired and obtain practical work skills. For the entire period of study, they undergo introductory (educational) and pre-diploma practice. Completion of the internship requires writing a report, which is accompanied by a diary and a description from the place of internship. To write a practice report yourself, you need to know the specifics of each practice.

Educational or introductory practice becomes the first test for students. It is taken on the 1st or 2nd year. The goal is to consolidate the general theoretical knowledge gained in the course of study, as well as to obtain general views about the chosen specialty. During practice, students are given the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the work of the enterprise by giving lectures and conducting excursions, as well as to see the work of employees of your chosen specialization.

Internship takes 3-4 course and is the next step in mastering the profession. Trainees are given the opportunity to study the work of the enterprise from the inside under the supervision of a curator, study and analyze the documentation, and collect materials.

Undergraduate practice is the final stage of training. Based on the information received at the enterprise, it will be necessary. The report on undergraduate practice is often the second chapter of the diploma and is an analysis of the work of the enterprise.

The business report must meet the requirements of your university's internship program (See also:), as a rule, it contains:

- title page;

- calendar plan;

- diary;

- a description from the place of internship

- introduction;

- the main part;

- conclusion;

- bibliography;

- applications

Title page drawn up according to the sample from the guidelines. The title page contains information about the name of the university, the type of practice (educational, introductory, production, pre-graduation), the topic of practice, specialty, student, leader, place and year of writing.

Sample title page

Calendar plan is drawn up in the form of a table, contains data on the type, timing and place of work performed by you at the enterprise. Sometimes included in the diary.

Sample Practice Report Schedule

Practice diary- similar to the schedule. The diary is the main document, along with the report, according to which the student reports on the implementation of the practice program.

The trainee notes every day what he did or studied today. Decorates everything in the form of a table.

An example of filling out a practice diary

Characteristic from the place of passing industrial, educational or diploma practice should reflect data on the knowledge, skills and abilities of the trainee. On the level of his professional training, personal qualities, as well as on the work and assignments that the student performed during his visit to the enterprise. And, of course, the recommended grade.

The student should receive a characteristic from his supervisor and attach it to the report. But in practice, the leader shifts this responsibility onto the student.

Sample characteristics from the place of internship

Sample Practice Report Content

Introduction contains:

• information about the place of internship;
• its goals and objectives, which are indicated in the guidelines;
• object and subject of research;
• appraisal state of the art research topic;
• may contain the expected results of the internship.

Introduction example

Main part divided into chapters. Contains theoretical and practical parts. The practical part describes the structure and activities of the enterprise. Analysis is in progress. Revealed positive and negative sides in the work of an enterprise or institution. All calculations, graphs and tables are provided.

Conclusion written based on the material studied. Contains answers to the tasks set in the introduction. Includes all findings in the main body. You can include an assessment of your own work and give recommendations for improving the performance of the enterprise.

Sample Practice Report Conclusion

Bibliography contains all sources used in writing the work, including those indicated in. according to guidelines or GOST. It can include the names of documents received from the enterprise, as well as regulatory literature, Internet sources.

Applications include any data that can be referred to when writing the work in the text of the work. It could be reporting, organizational structure enterprises, extracts from legislation, questionnaires, drawings, diagrams, tables. Everything, the documents that you found at the enterprise and which were useful for writing the reporting work.

Writing a practice report on your own is very interesting and informative. But if you have any difficulties with writing or you didn’t manage to do an internship at the enterprise, you can always turn to our specialists for help and get expert advice.

When writing a report, do not forget that some universities have their own design requirements, which can be clarified with a teacher or in the methodological literature of your university. If there are no special requirements, then the design standards look like this:

1. Recommended amount of work: 35-40 sheets of standard A4 size... In special cases, it is allowed to increase the volume to 45 pages, having previously agreed with the teacher.
2. Before starting work, the page margins are set: left-aligned 30 mm, on the right 20 mm, up and down 20 mm.
3. Page numbering begins with a title page. On the title plate itself and in the appendices of the numbers not affixed.
4. The text is typed in the font Times New Roman 14 point... For section headers, use 16 point size... Between the lines is set one and a half interval.
5. Each paragraph is indented in 1.25 fr.
6. Each section must have original name for easy navigation through the text. All sections must begin with new line.
7. Drawing up a report in accordance with GOST, hyphenation is prohibited... But we advise you to clarify this point at your department, since most universities are loyal to word wrap.

If you are studying at a technical college, then you may need a frame for the report. Check its parameters at the department.

Practice reporting structure

So each university has its own requirements for writing reports, it is impossible to say exactly how your report should look like. If the university does not put forward any additional requirements, the structure of the practice report looks like this:

Internship Report Cover Page

The business card of the report is the first thing that the inspector sees. The mark for the work depends on its design, respectively. On the title page, it is necessary to indicate the name of the university, the topic of practice, the name of the student and the examiner, as well as the name of the group in which the student is listed.

Content of the internship report

As always, the table of contents includes breaking the report into sections with mandatory numbering.

Introduction of the internship report

Here it is necessary to briefly and clearly state the goals and objectives that your practice pursues. Justify the relevance of this specific direction.

Depending on the context, you can add historical background, revealing in more detail the enterprise or direction in which you are going to organize your practice.

The main body of the internship report

Oddly enough, but also the most tricky part, in which you need to describe the enterprise in a structured way. It is necessary to characterize the place of the practice objectively, avoiding critical subjectivity.

The next step is to describe the processes taking place within the enterprise. Necessarily highlight your role in the work of the company, what tasks were performed by you.

Conclusion of the internship report

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the conclusion, because it is in it that the results of your practice are summed up. In this part, it is necessary to formulate the main conclusions and proposals of the report on practice, talk about goals achieved and the tasks performed, which were posed in the introduction. And do not forget that brevity is the sister of talent!

And now, when the report is ready, you can safely carry it to the head of the organization for signature. It is rare that a leader decides to read your report completely. The introduction and conclusion will be fine with him.

Internship Report Bibliography

A list of literature is a list of sources (regulations, articles, king and magazines, etc.), the data from which the author used when creating his work. Since any student work is considered an official document, it must be drawn up in accordance with all standards. According to GOST: any materials used in the creation of any work must be listed in a separate list, bearing the name "bibliographic list" or "bibliography".

Literature should be:

1. Modern... Try to avoid outdated sources. If possible, use sources that are not older than 5 years.
2. Pertinent... The literature should be appropriate to the topic of your report.
3. The mentioned... Each literary source should be referred to in footnotes in the text.
4. Actual... If laws and regulations are used, then the date must be indicated in the design. latest edition as well as the date and source of the first publication.
5. Avoid textbooks... The main emphasis in the literature is best placed on scientific articles, research, or articles from journals.

How to create a bibliography in MsWord:

1. Open the menu Links, in it open the tab Bibliography... In the list that appears, select the option you need.
2. Place the cursor at the end of the paragraph where you want to link to the source. Open the menu: Link / Insert link / Add new source.
3. In the window that appears, you need to fill in all the columns. Pay special attention to the variety of options in the section Source type.
4. Immediately after adding a source, brackets with a link to the bibliography will appear at the cursor position. If there are no changes, then you need to go to the settings and press the button Updating references and bibliography.

Internship Report Attachments

Optional but desirable part. It is the applications that will help the auditors understand the essence of your work at the enterprise, and also, thanks to them, you can much more clearly summarize the results of your work.

In the application of any work, you can include:

• drawings and diagrams;
• tables;
• graphic materials
• source code of programs written by you for the enterprise.

When drawing up annexes to the practice report it is necessary to comply with all the requirements of GOST, as well as:

1. Each new offer starts with new page... In the center, a heading is written starting with "APPENDIX ...", where instead of "..." it is assigned a serial number corresponding to the link in the text of the work. The next line will be the title of the application itself, with a capital letter.
2. For numbering, it is allowed to use letters of the Latin alphabet (except for I, O) and the Russian alphabet (except for o, e, d, z, b, h, b, s). If the number of applications exceeds the number of letters in the alphabet, then Arabic numerals can be used.
3. Application pagination must be continuous and begin with the first digit from the first page of the application.

Practice diary

A kind of school magazine, in which you describe every day of the internship, what you did on those days, and the leader puts a mark on the completion.

Feedback-characteristic of the head of the practice

A conclusion signed by the head of the practice, in which he objectively evaluates your work throughout the entire practice and recommends the grade that you give to the teacher. Typically, the characteristics indicate information about the student's attendance and his participation in the organizational process.

Practical characteristics are rarely attached to the report. As a rule, the report is submitted for verification without this document.

It should be noted that the characteristic strongly influences the final assessment in practice.

Attention!... Our company helps to complete the entire scope of work, with the exception of the final marks of the organization in which you have passed, or should have been, internship.