Technological map for the installation and dismantling of formwork. Technological map technological map for the installation and dismantling of wall and ceiling formwork

Formwork installation is carried out using a tower crane KB 403 with a boom length of 30 m, installed in accordance with the construction plan. Mounting of the formwork should be carried out according to the grips. Each floor is divided into two sections in the plan.

Concreting of columns, walls and floors should be done in the Peri formwork. The formwork kit consists of:

WALL - made of metal panels, lined with waterproof plywood 21 mm thick, withstanding the pressure of freshly laid concrete 60 kN / m 2; straightening locks BFD, providing connectivity, evenness and density of formwork panels in one operation; strands DV - 15 with a nut - gasket with a permissible load on the strand of 90 kN; RCC leveling rods with a support, ensuring the stability of the formwork structures and designed for a load of 30 kN; suspended scaffolding consoles TRZH 120, providing safety when the load on the scaffold is 150 kg/m 2 .

COLUMNS - metal shields TRS, lined with waterproof plywood 21 mm thick, withstanding the allowable pressure of freshly laid concrete 100 kN / m 2, column tension bolts with an allowable bolt load of 90 kN.

FLOORS - from lattice beams GT 24 of various lengths with bearing capacity- transverse force in the spacers - 14 kN, bending moment - 7 kNm, supports PER 30 with a bearing capacity of 30 kN; boards made of waterproof plywood 21 mm thick.

Formwork is delivered to the construction site in special containers by road and stored under a canopy.

See the formwork installation diagram below, it shows the layout of the work tables and the installation and docking of the PERI carts.

Prior to the installation of the formwork on the clamp, it is necessary to perform:

To concrete a reinforced concrete slab with reinforcement outlets for columns, walls, an elevator shaft;

Put the risks of centering axes on reinforced concrete slabs;

Apply the Feather-Klin concrete-removing liquid to the formwork panels using an airbrush;

installation of design fittings;

delivery of tools, fixtures and equipment to the workplace.

Formwork installation scheme.

The sequence of mounting the formwork on the grip:

WALLS and COLUMNS:

Install a block of external formwork panels on spacers;

Install fittings;

Install the block of internal shields on the tie rods and locks with hanging the scaffolding and decking consoles.

The removal of the main axes of the building to the slab is carried out from the benchmarks. From the main axes of the measurement paths, all other axes of the building are taken out. Control over the erection of a monolithic house along the vertical is carried out floor by floor with theodolites using the method of inclined design.

When performing geodetic work, it is necessary to be guided by SNiP 3.01.03 - 84 "Geodetic work in construction".

To reduce the adhesion of the deck to concrete surface clean it thoroughly and spray it with Peri-Clean concrete separating liquid. Cleaning should be carried out immediately after the formwork has been removed by spraying with water, then with a rubber-tipped scraper and a bristle brush and spraying with concrete release agent. The application of the concrete separating liquid is carried out with a manual spray gun. Application to be carried out at the storage site (in winter time- in a warm room). Provide measures to prevent the lubricating film from being washed off by rain.

Slinging of the formwork is carried out using a special TRIO hook, included in the formwork kit, and a transport sling with four ropes. To lift the panels, use two TRIO crane hooks (load capacity of one hook is 1.5 t).

See the scheme of slinging of formwork elements below.

Lifting of small and piece elements should be carried out in containers.

Scheme of slinging formwork elements.

The sequence of operations during the installation of wall formwork:

The position of the diaphragm is marked in place, using perforators, holes Ø = 25 mm 90 mm deep are drilled in reinforced concrete slabs for the installation of anchors NKD-S M 20.

On the stand, in a horizontal position, a package of shields (3 pcs.) is assembled, connected by BFP locks with RSS1 spacers mounted on them.

Using the crane hooks of the Peri system (2 pcs. per transport unit), the panel stack is lifted to a vertical position and transported by crane to the installation site.

The shield package is installed according to the risks in the design position on the outer section of the diaphragm and fastened with RSS1 spacers and NKD-S M20 anchors to the reinforced concrete slab. Separate panels or packages of panels are attached to the installed formwork, depending on the length of the diaphragm, and fastened together with BFD locks in the amount specified in the project.

The entire structure is brought to a vertical position with the help of RSS1 struts, and then the reinforcing work begins.

After completion of the reinforcing work, the inner row of formwork panels is mounted, connected to the previously installed panels using DW - 15 ties and washers, with the installation of PVC-U pipes Ø = 25 mm long for the thickness of the diaphragm.

Then end shields Shch-1 are installed, connected to the formwork panels with BFD locks and leveling locks TAR-85, scaffold consoles TRG - 120 are hung and wood flooring 35 - 40 mm thick.

The entire structure is finally brought to a strictly vertical position and is handed over for concrete work.

COLUMNS:

Reinforcing works are being carried out.

On a horizontal stand, a formwork block is assembled from two panels connected by column bolts.

With the help of a crane equipped with slings with two TRIO hooks, the unit is lifted to a vertical position and placed on a horizontal platform and temporarily fixed to the base with a spacer RSS1.

The third shield is mounted.

A block of three shields is transported to the installation site with the help of a tower crane with two TRIO hooks and mounted in the design position with RSS1 bracing to the floor slab.

The fourth shield is mounted and unfastened with the spacer RSS1.

The scaffolding consoles are hung, and the shield scaffolding is being carried out.

The formwork is brought into a strictly vertical position with the help of RSS1 spacers. The formwork is ready for concreting the elevator shaft.

The marking of the internal elevator shafts on the foundation slab is in progress.

On the stand in a horizontal position, four packages of shields are assembled for the length of the inner wall of the elevator shaft with fastening between them with BFD locks according to the project.

Using TRIO system crane hooks (2 pcs. per transport unit), the package is lifted to a vertical position and fed to the installation site by a tower crane. The package is installed in the design position with temporary fastening with the RSST spacer to the reinforced concrete slab. Then the rest of the board packages are installed and connected with BFD locks according to the project.

Reinforcing works are being carried out.

After completion of the reinforcing work, the outer panels of the formwork of the elevator shaft are installed, connected to the previously installed formwork with DW 15 bands with washers and PVC-U pipes Ø 25 mm long for the thickness of the elevator wall, leveling locks TAR - 85 and between them with BFD locks according to the project.

The RSS1 spacers are installed, the TRG-120 scaffold consoles are hung and the boarding is carried out according to the project.

With the help of RSS1 spacers, the structure is brought to a vertical position and delivered for concrete work.

Concrete work in progress.

Elevator shaft formwork mounting sequence from +0.000 mark

In the upper holes, freed from the tie rods, support elements (stand-stop) are installed to support the next tier of formwork according to the project.

A flooring device is being made in the elevator shaft and in the stairwell for the production of installation and reinforcement work.

The inner formwork of the elevator shaft (assembly) is mounted using a tower crane on the installed supporting elements (racks-stops) in the elevator shaft.

Reinforcing work is being carried out on the tier of the installed formwork in the elevator shaft.

External formwork panels are installed with the installation of DW1 ties, PVC-U pipes Ø 25 mm with fastening with BFD locks, spacers RSS1 with fastening with anchors NKD - S M20, scaffold consoles TRG - 120 are hung and boarding is carried out on them according to the project.

The entire structure is brought to a strictly vertical position and is handed over for concrete work.

Concrete work in progress.

OVERLAPPING

Installation and dismantling of the formwork of the "multiflex" slab is carried out according to the technological map.

DISMANTLING THE FORMWORK.

The dismantling of the formwork of columns, walls and the elevator shaft should begin when the concrete reaches a strength of 1.5 MPa, the ceiling is 15 MPa.

The order of dismantling the formwork.

COLUMNS

A block of two internal shields is dismantled

The next block of two shields is being dismantled

STEN

The inner row of shields is dismantled

End and corner shields

Outer block of shields.

ELEVATOR SHAFT

Dismantling the internal formwork block

The outer formwork is dismantled.

OVERLAPPING

Dismantling intermediate racks

Lowered by 4 cm main racks

Dismantled cross beams

Formwork panels are dismantled

Formwork panels are dismantled

Dismantling the main beams

Racks are dismantled.

The sequence of operations during the dismantling of the formwork.

COLUMNS

Remove panel board

Remove scaffold consoles

Loosen column bolts on a block of two shields

Sling a block of two shields using TRIO hooks, disconnect the leveling rods from the fastening

Using a tower crane, lower it onto the storage site in preparation for the next concreting.

Sling the next block of two shields, disconnect the leveling rods and lower with a tower crane to the storage area.

WALLS

Remove panel board

Remove scaffold consoles

Attach the inner panel block of three shields with two TRIO hooks

Remove the BFD locks from the block of shields connecting to the next block of shields, disconnect the rods and locks that equalize the rods

With the help of a crane, a block of three shields is released and lowered onto the storage area.

Repeat all operations with the following blocks of shields

Attach end shield

Release it from the cords and constipation and lower it onto the storage area with the help of a tower crane

Sling the outdoor unit of three shields

Remove leveling rods, BFD locks fastening with the next block of shields and use a crane to lower them to the storage area

Repeat these operations with the following blocks of external shields.

ELEVATOR SHAFT

Remove tightening rods, constipation.

Sling the inner formwork block with four sling hooks and use a crane to remove the block from the elevator shaft in its entirety and place it on the storage area for further preparation.

Sling the end block with the unbuckling element and use a crane to remove it from the shaft and lower it to the storage area

Remove the shield deck and scaffold consoles from the next outer wall of the lift

Sling this block with two TRIO hooks

Remove the leveling rods and use a tower crane to remove the block from the elevator shaft and lower it to the storage area

Repeat these operations with the next block of the outer wall of the elevator.

OVERLAPPING

Dismantling of the formwork is carried out according to the technological map.

Safety engineering.

On the grip where they are installation work, it is not allowed to perform other work and find unauthorized persons.

Cleaning of the structural elements to be installed from dirt and ice should be carried out before they are lifted.

It is not allowed for people to stay on structural elements during their lifting and moving.

It is not allowed to find people under the mounted elements until they are installed in the design position and secured.

Unslinging of formwork blocks is carried out from mounting towers H = 2.5m (5.14 D of catalog 2617-961-89), external panels from block decks.

It is not allowed to carry out installation work at a height in open places with a wind speed of 15 m / s or more, with icy conditions, thunderstorms, fog, which excludes visibility within the front of work. Work on moving formwork panels with a large sail area should be stopped at a wind speed of 10 m/s.

During the installation of formwork, installers must be on previously installed and securely fastened structures or scaffolding.

When installing panels with a large windage, it is necessary to use braces to keep the panel from swinging.

Every day, before starting work, the foreman (foreman) must check the condition of the assembled panels and formwork blocks, working platforms, hanging platforms and stairs.

It is forbidden to carry out welding and gas-flame work on wooden formwork without appropriate safety measures.

Perform work in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures", SNiP 12.03-2001 part 1, SNiP 12.03-2001 part 2 "Labor safety in construction", SNiP 21.01 - 97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures" , SNiP 2.02.02-85* "Fire safety standards".

Technological map for concrete work of a monolithic house in the formwork "PERI"

Concreting of columns, walls and ceilings should be carried out with grips. Each floor is divided in terms of 2 grips. The working seam is indicated in the project. During the installation of reinforcement at the boundary of the grips in the ceiling, install a woven mesh GOST 3826-82, tying it to the reinforcement with a knitting wire. The resumption of concreting in the places of construction of working joints is allowed when the concrete reaches a strength of 1.5 MPa. To clean the working joints from the cement film with an air jet from the compressor. It is allowed to arrange working seams - for columns and walls at the level of the bottom of the floor slab, for overlapping in the middle of the span 3-4 or 4-5 - parallel to the digital axes. In the initial period of hardening, concrete must be protected from precipitation or moisture loss.

Prior to the start of concreting on each grip, following works:

Formwork installation and alignment

Reinforcement installation

An inspection report has been drawn up hidden works for the installation of fittings, embedded parts, corrugated power pipes, formwork.

When concreting columns, use concrete of class B 20, frost resistance grade F50; internal walls (diaphragms) - concrete class B 20, frost resistance grade F50; elevator shafts - concrete class B20, frost resistance grade F50; floors - concrete class B20, frost resistance grade F50.

The movement of people on concreted structures and the installation of formwork of overlying structures is allowed when the concrete reaches a strength of at least 15 MPa.

Concrete is delivered to the construction site in truck mixers. At the construction site, organize a place for receiving concrete from truck mixers in the form of two bunkers. For uniform distribution concrete in the formwork of walls and columns, unload concrete into funnels installed in the formwork.

Reinforcement of walls and columns to carry out directly on the gripper manually from individual rods and frames, having previously submitted the workpieces to the floor with a crane. The fixation of frames in relation to the edges of the wall in order to form a protective layer should be carried out with the help of clamps according to grades, depending on the Ø of the reinforcement on which it is put on and the thickness of the concrete protective layer. Laying of concrete within the scope of work should be carried out in horizontal layers 500 mm thick. When compacted concrete mix the depth of immersion of the vibrator should ensure its immersion in the previously laid layer by 5-10 cm. Vibrate until air bubbles appear on the concrete surface, vibrate especially carefully in the corners of the formwork.

Floor slab reinforcement be made from frames and meshes manufactured at the factory (reinforcement yard of the construction site). Grids and frames are fed by a tower crane to workplace and mounted in the following order:

A number of lower grids are being installed

Support frames are installed

The upper grids are mounted.

The assembly of spatial frames into volumetric ones is carried out using a knitting wire. Fixation of the lower grids in relation to the floor plane in order to form a protective layer is carried out using plastic clamps (TU 6-05-160-77). Simultaneously with the installation of reinforcement, lay horizontal PVC pipes for transmission of electrical communications. Stretch the wire into the tubes before laying. Attach the tubes to the fittings with a knitting wire. At the same time, all embedded parts are installed in the formwork according to the project. Laying of concrete within the designated area of ​​work should be carried out to the depth of the ceiling thickness without breaks, with a consistent direction of laying in one direction. The height of free dropping of concrete from the bunker is not more than 1m. vibrating to produce until the appearance of air bubbles on the surface of the concrete, until the appearance of cement laitance.

Safety engineering.

The place for receiving concrete should be fenced on three sides, except for the side of the entrance of cars, signs “Caution, a fall is possible” are installed on this side.

Climbing the scaffolding is carried out using inventory ladders.

When compacting the concrete mixture, it is not allowed to rest the vibrators on the reinforcement and embedded products, rods and other elements of the formwork fastening.

Every day, before starting to place concrete in the formwork, it is necessary to check the condition of the container, formwork and scaffolding. Faults found must be corrected immediately.

When compacting concrete with electric vibrators, it is not allowed to move the vibrator by current-carrying hoses, and during breaks in work and when moving from one place to another, the electric vibrators must be turned off.

Placement on the formwork of equipment and materials not provided for by the project for the production of works, as well as the stay of unauthorized persons is not allowed.

Before starting work on the installation of reinforcement, install a fence on each grip on the ceiling along the perimeter.

8. Perform work in accordance with the requirement of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures", SNiP 12.03-2001 part 1, SNiP 12.03-2001 part 2 "Labor safety in construction", SNiP 21.01 - 97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures”, SNiP 2.02.02-85* “Fire safety standards”.

Individual and industrial construction of multi-storey monolithic buildings, bridges and overpasses is carried out using formwork ceilings. They are easy to install and allow you to build buildings of various shapes and sizes in various climatic zones with an ambient temperature of +45 to -40 degrees C.

Formwork on volumetric racks

Types of slab formwork

From the main specifications object under construction - its withstand load, dimensions, height of ceilings - depends on the use various kinds formwork:

• recommended for ceilings up to 5 meters high. They are the most economical of all formwork types and are erected within a short period of time. The tripod base is quite stable and securely supports the main rack. Moisture-resistant plywood boards are located on beams made of wood or metal profiles.
• Volumetric slab formwork racks are erected at a height of up to 20 meters. Provides ease of installation vertical racks connected by crossbars, systems of flanges and jacks. According to the method of installation are divided:

1. on wedge scaffolding - with a frame of horizontal and vertical racks that can be installed under different angle, depending on the complexity of the work performed at different construction sites. The scaffolding and working ladders provide the necessary level of safety for the working personnel.
2. with cup scaffolding - allowing you to install up to 4 structural elements on the same level.

The device of volumetric racks

On the jack, the main starting rack is mounted, on which additional racks of different lengths are fixed into flanges. In the same flanges, horizontal crossbars are installed that fasten the formwork sections. Additional racks and crossbars of different lengths allow you to build sectional groups of various sizes. The top of the structure is crowned with a jack with a unifork, on which wooden or metal beams decks.

Starting and additional racks are made of metal, providing the necessary rigidity of the structure. It can be reinforced with additional special flanges installed a meter apart. Ease of installation provides one narrowed end of the rack. The uniform distribution of the load is guaranteed by wedge clamps, which also increase the reliability and strength of the entire structure.

Specifications:

• The maximum height limit, m - 20.
• The minimum height limit, m - 1.5.
• Rack pitch, m - 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0.
• The maximum limit of the distributed load on the bolt, kg - 1200.
• Permissible turnover - 100 cycles.
• The maximum turnover is 200 cycles.
• Section height, m ​​- 0.5.

The calculation of formwork for construction depends on the total area of ​​the building being erected and the load on the axles. For ease of installation, the distance between the racks is from 1 to 3 meters in half-meter increments. The plywood sheet is selected taking into account trimming to fit to the size on the installed sites.

Advantages of 3D slab formwork props:

• Safety of operation at the expense of rigid and reliable fastening.
• The ability to move individual units without disassembling them using lifting devices.
• Ease of assembly and dismantling with the help of universal fastening elements of the entire system.
• Most effective when working at high altitude.
• Can be used for finishing work.
• Long - up to a maximum of 200 cycles.
• The possibility of developing individual design solutions in construction.

Manufacturers of slab formwork props offer not only standard sizes of all components, but also make structures by order of construction organizations. It is possible to purchase a ready-made set or rent it, which will significantly reduce the cash costs for construction.

Regulatory documentation for slab formwork

Each manufacturer prepares its own internal standards for the production of structural elements. All components of the formwork must comply with the requirements for products of the 2nd hazard class in accordance with GOST R 52085 - 2003, which must be confirmed by a certificate from the regional authority of Rosstandart. Technological process production is strictly regulated by the company's specialists at every stage.

When installing the structure and working at height, safety requirements must be observed. All actions must be carried out in special protective clothing and using means personal protection. Employees must be familiar with the basic technical documentation and have work permits.

How to make volumetric formwork yourself

It is much more economical to make formwork when building a private house with my own hands. But it is worth considering the following nuances:

• FROM special attention you should approach the installation of support racks that carry the main load. Reliability provide metal supports, but working with them is a little more difficult than with wooden ones.
• Ensure the rigidity of the base installation. To do this, the installation is carried out on a carefully prepared site - irregularities are compacted and wooden spacers are laid along the axes.
• Longitudinal beams are attached to the racks on metal corners using bolted connections.
• The transverse beams do not require fixing, but are simply laid on the longitudinal ones. This helps to facilitate the dismantling process after all work is completed.
• With the help of braces, the support posts and longitudinal beams are fixed.
• Plywood should be laid tightly to each other, carefully watching the joints, which should be located strictly on the floor beam.
• The most optimal distance between the racks is 1.5 meters.
• Alignment of the entire structure is carried out using a level or level and plumb line.
• The installation of each subsequent tier should be carried out after carefully fixing and checking the previous one.

For the manufacture of formwork, you can use the available lumber, but they must not be rotten and carefully dried from softwood. The bars of the racks must have a cross section of at least 12 * 12 cm, and beams 16 * 16 cm.

Formwork dismantling

Dismantling work depends on the timing of the drying of concrete or the completion of the necessary finishing measures. In hot summer weather, the formwork can be removed after 3-4 days. All work is done in reverse order, which was carried out during assembly. After that, the formwork can be reused. To do this, it is necessary to label all elements, sort and clean all contaminants.

Installation and dismantling bulk formwork overlapping is a rather troublesome and complicated matter. Extreme attention and concentration are required during assembly, on which the life and health of workers may depend. But if you have some knowledge of the technology and the required materials, it is possible to carry out all the required work on your own within the scheduled time frame.

One of the first stages in the construction of structures for various purposes is the installation of formwork. Often this process goes unnoticed. But already at the stage of preparation for pouring, it becomes clear that not everything is as simple as it was thought at first. Assemble the frame will help installation instructions formwork.

Formwork types

There are three types of construction:

• Removable, which is dismantled after the solution has completely dried. Such formwork is assembled from separate parts. The result is a collapsible structure that can be dismantled and reused. Among the advantages of this type of formwork are ease of installation, the ability to reuse, which significantly reduces the financial costs of construction.

• Fixed, respectively, one that is not dismantled. Installation of formwork of this type is carried out mainly from expanded polystyrene or polystyrene. It remains part of the structure under construction. And at the same time it acts as a heater.

• "Floating" formwork is typical for the construction of a monolithic foundation, which is immersed in the ground. It is a shield assembled from boards, which is slightly higher in height than the planned concrete structure. The shield is lowered into the pit and attached to its walls. Cardboard or roofing material is rolled on top of it.

There are also several types depending on the purpose:

• Wall formwork. Its installation is carried out for the construction vertical structures and walls.

• Horizontal, which is used for mounting the foundation and floors.

• Curved, which allows you to fill in details of unusual shapes.

Mounting and dismantling of formwork of each type has its own characteristics. They need to be known for quality performance works.

Advantages of fixed formwork

Installation of fixed formwork involves the purchase of a ready-made set for the work. It remains only to assemble the structure and install it. This implies a number of advantages that formwork of this type has:

• short terms of performance of works;

• ease of installation;

• low weight of the structure;

• resistance to the appearance of fungus and mold;

• fire safety;

• small cost.

Also, fixed formwork is at the same time a layer of insulation and is a foam blocks that are easily connected to each other. The inner wall is thinner than the outer one. This achieves high level thermal insulation.

Construction of fixed formwork

Finished shields are attached to the corner bars with self-tapping screws or nails. Fastening must be secure. When the concrete expands, the pressure on the shield will increase, which can lead to cracking of the boards. The main thing is that the bar itself remains with outer side. Parallel assembled structure going to another row at a distance of the future wall. As a result, you should get a frame around the entire perimeter.

A layer of crushed stone or sand is poured into the finished formwork box. This will protect the solution from moisture loss, which will go into the ground. Formwork installation technology provides protection against the flow of mortar through the existing holes. To do this, the shields are covered with a film or roofing felt, which are fastened with screws or staples using a stapler.

All work must be carried out taking into account the level. It is very important. At each stage, the evenness of the structure in height, length and vertical is checked (especially important). Two rows of shields must run strictly parallel to each other.

The main elements of the formwork

Removable formwork, which is assembled independently, consists of the following elements:

• The deck, which is a flat shield, is the enclosure of the entire form. The structure must be strong enough to withstand the pressure of the solution. Therefore, it is made of plywood or edged boards 4-5 cm thick.

• Scaffolding that is the support of the structure. They hold the walls, preventing the solution from squeezing out the deck. Scaffolding is made from pine bars or boards (2.5-5 cm).

• Fasteners are all the details with which all structural elements are twisted: wire, clamps, ties, hardware, and so on.

The deck is most often assembled from boards 15 cm wide, which are connected in several rows using nails (driven in from the inside, bent from the outside) or self-tapping screws (they are twisted with inside). The distance between the boards should not exceed 3 mm. Shields are fastened together with additional slats.

A simpler deck manufacturing option is to use moisture-resistant plywood 1.8-2.1 cm thick.

Formwork installation

The frame will be installed evenly and level if the site is properly prepared in advance. It is marked with the help of cords stretched between the pegs. Fall asleep and thicken sand cushion. If necessary, a pit is prepared.

Formwork installation takes place in the following sequence:

• The perimeter should be marked with vertical guides ( wooden blocks, metal corners or pipes).

• It is required to place ready-made shields along the guides, maintaining the required distance between them (it is equal to required thickness foundation).

• Firmly fix the deck. Support it from the outside with inclined bars (1 brace for each meter of deck).

• Connect the shields to each other with 5x5 cm bars.

• Cover the inner side of the formwork with a film (roofing material).

Foundations up to 20 cm high do not require serious construction. For them, bars driven into the ground are enough.

Installation of wall formwork

More difficult is the process of erecting wall formwork. At the same time, small-panel and large-panel formwork are distinguished.

The first option is suitable for the construction of small buildings ( country houses, utility buildings) and partitions between rooms. In this case, small-sized plywood shields are used.

The installation of large-panel formwork is typical for the construction of buildings with a large height. For work use sheets of metal or large sheets plywood.

For the installation of walls, a foundation is prepared, into which reinforcement is stuck. A two-row formwork frame is assembled around it. When using ordinary plywood, the joints are coated with glue or sealant. Currently, there is a special formwork plywood on the market. Its individual sheets are connected according to the tenon-groove principle, which does not require additional sealing.

Types of floors

The installation of the ceiling formwork depends on the type of ceiling itself. There are the following types of structures:

• On big bowls. It is used for structures with high height. In this case, vertical racks, jacks, inserts, crossbars and other elements are used to connect individual parts.

• On blade scaffolding, which is used for multi-storey buildings. Scaffolding is installed instead of plywood boards.

• On scaffolding of cup type. This view provides for the installation of the frame. Racks are interconnected by the cup method.

• On telescopic bowls. Suitable in cases where the ceiling height is less than 4.6 m. It is based on tripods that support the entire structure. From above boards from moisture resistant plywood keep within.

Formwork for overlapping

Currently the most commonly used monolithic overlap. Using his example, we will analyze the process of mounting the formwork.

For formwork, vertical racks are used, interconnected by crossbars. They are attached at right angles to the bars running in the transverse direction. A plywood shield is laid on these transverse bars, which is the bottom of the formwork.

To perform these works, the following materials are used:

• stand - timber with a cross section of 12-15 cm;

• crossbar and transverse beam - edged board 16-18 cm wide and 5 cm thick;

• braces - a board 3 cm thick;

• flooring - moisture resistant 1.8 cm thick.

Before starting work, you must accurate calculations. It is important to determine required amount racks, the step of their placement and other indicators.

Slab Formwork Assembly Instructions

The work instruction includes the following steps:

• Longitudinal bars are attached to the upper part of the racks, the second end of which is fixed on the wall.

• The second row is assembled in the same way. To do this, a board 5 cm thick is laid under the supports.

• Cross bars are laid in increments of 60 cm.

• Install support racks (strictly vertically).

• Racks are interconnected by braces.

• Sheets of plywood are laid on the transverse bars, leaving no gaps.

• The ends of the overlap are protected by masonry of blocks or bricks.

• The frame is assembled from reinforcement. At the same time, they leave, if necessary, space for communications.

When all work is completed, concrete can be poured. The formwork is removed after 3 weeks.

Conclusion

Installation of formwork of each type involves the use of certain materials. If boards are used, they must be new. Rotten old boards can not withstand the load and break. Plywood must be moisture resistant or laminated.

All work must be carried out in accordance with the calculations made. This is especially important for the installation of formwork for floors and walls.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD

ROUTING
FOR INSTALLATION AND DISASSEMBLY OF THE FORMWORK OF A MONOLITHIC FLOOR PLATE

1 area of ​​use

1 area of ​​use

1.1. The technological map has been developed to organize the work of workers involved in the installation and dismantling of the formwork of monolithic reinforced concrete floor slabs.

1.2. The technological map includes the following works:

- installation of formwork;

- demolition of formwork.

1.3. The scope of works considered by the technological map includes:

- slinging and supply of formwork elements (frame supports, racks, tripods, uniforks, wooden beams, plywood) to the mounting horizon;

- device formwork under the beam;

- arrangement of formwork for a balcony slab;

- device formwork under the "tooth";

- arrangement of formwork for overlapping;

- arrangement of formwork for the end face of the floor slab;

- arrangement of temporary fences;

- device of opening formers;

- dismantling of the formwork;

- cleaning, lubrication, storage and transportation of formwork elements.

1.4. Formwork must meet the following requirements:

- strength, immutability, correctness of shape and size;

- reliable perception of vertical and horizontal loads;

- surface density (lack of cracks), exclusion of cement laitance seepage through it;

- the ability to provide the required quality of the concrete surface;

- the possibility of multiple use;

- manufacturability - ease of use, the ability to quickly install and disassemble.

2. Technology and organization of work

2.1. Requirements for prior work

2.1.1. The following work must be completed prior to the installation of the formwork:

- prepared the basis for the installation of formwork;

- the structures of columns and walls were completed, acts of their acceptance were drawn up based on the executive geodetic survey;

- slab formwork elements were delivered and stored in the installation area of ​​the tower crane;

- checked the presence, marking of formwork elements;

- prepared and tested mechanisms, inventory, fixtures, tools;

- lighting of workplaces and the construction site was arranged;

- all measures for fencing openings, stairwells, perimeters have been completed reinforced concrete slab in accordance with SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction, part 1";

- the height mark was transferred to the floor.

2.2. Work production technology

Formwork installation

2.2.1. The floor formwork device begins with the supply of frame supports, telescopic racks, tripods, uniforks, wooden beams, plywood sheets to the mounting horizon, to the workplace.

2.2.2. Formwork with a lower elevation is executed first. We begin the work with the formwork for the beams.

2.2.3. In connection with the chosen formwork method, a double deck device, formwork is simultaneously arranged for a beam, a balcony slab, a "tooth".

2.2.4. Formwork installation begins with the installation of frame supports ID15 at a distance of at least 50 mm from the edge of the slab in accordance with the arrangement scheme, l.2 and l.3 of the graphic part.

Pre-set the height of the frame support (distance from the floor to the bottom of the main beam) according to the template by adjusting the screw heads and screw feet.

2.2.5. Install the main beams (wooden beam 2.9 m) on the screw heads (crown).

In accordance with sections 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4 (l.5, 6 of the graphic part) and the layout of the beams (l.4 of the graphic part).

2.2.6. Install secondary beams on the main beams ( wooden beams 4.2 m) in 400 mm increments.

In the axes G-D / 1, E-Zh / 7, where the "tooth" passes, if it is impossible to use a beam of 4.2 m (the distance between the walls in cleanliness in these places is 2900 mm and 2660 mm), install two paired beams 2 .5 m

2.2.7. Lay sheets of laminated plywood, 18 mm thick, on the installed secondary beams. Thus, the lower deck is formed (mark +6.040). Nail plywood to wooden beams. See sheet 4 for the layout of plywood, as well as sheets 5 and 6 of the graphic part.

2.2.8. Level the lower deck.

2.2.9. With the help of geodetic instruments, bring to the lower deck the lines of the faces of the concreted beam for the installation of a vertical deck.

2.2.10. The vertical deck of the beam is formed from laminated plywood strips, 300 mm wide. For dimensions and layout, see sheet 3 of the graphic part.

Connect the plywood strips together with a 50x50 beam. The beam is also used to be able to nail to the lower deck and to the upper, see node A sheet 5 of the graphic part.

For the stability of the vertical deck, arrange a brace from a 50x50 beam.

2.2.11. Install wooden beams 2.5 m on the lower deck.

Place a beam 82x82 under these beams (for climbing).

Under the balcony slab, wooden beams are located perpendicular to the concreted beam with a step of 400 mm, under the "tooth" along the concreted beam.

See the scheme for laying out wooden beams on sheets 5 and 6 of the graphic part.

2.2.12. Lay sheets of laminated plywood on the installed wooden beams, in accordance with the layout diagram of sheet 3 of the graphic part.

2.2.13. For the device "tooth" where the wall passes, use a bracket.

The bracket is attached with a tie.

A bar 100x100 is laid on the bracket.

Laminated plywood is attached to the beam.

See section 6-6 and 7-7 of sheet 7 of the graphic part for the deck layout.

For the layout of brackets for tooth formation, see sheet 2 of the graphic part.

2.2.14. Formwork for floor slab.

In accordance with the layout diagram (sheet 2 of the graphic part), measure with a meter and mark with chalk the installation sites of the racks.

Start by installing the end posts under the main beams, at a distance of 4.0 m along the letter axes.

The distance between the uprights along the digital axes corresponds to the pitch of the main beams.

2.2.15. Insert the unifork into the rack. Expand the rack according to the template to the length specified by the height to the main (lower) beam. Install the rack and unfasten the tripod.

2.2.16. Install the main beams (wooden beams 4.2 m) on the installed and unfastened racks using a mounting fork. The step of the main beams is 1.5 m.

2.2.17. On the main beams, using a mounting fork, install secondary beams (wooden beams 3.3 m) without fasteners. The pitch of the secondary beams is 0.40 m.

2.2.18. Lay sheets of laminated plywood on the secondary beams, close to each other so that the gaps between them are no more than 2 mm. The first sheets of plywood are fed from the concrete floor, after laying at least 12 sheets, the plywood is fed to the deck.

Sheets and strips of plywood extreme along the perimeter are fastened with nails to secondary beams to prevent tipping.

See sheet 3 of the graphic part for the layout of plywood.

2.2.19. Plywood sheets suitable for the formwork under the beam should be laid last, after the vertical beam deck has been installed.

2.2.20. For ease of installation of formwork (as well as dismantling) standard sheet cut plywood into pieces 2440x610 mm.

2.2.21. In several places, it is recommended to use ordinary plywood impregnated with a lubricating emulsion.

2.2.22. Places cut laminated plywood become susceptible to moisture and are subject to moisture-resistant treatment (molten paraffin, treatment with two layers of primer).

2.2.23. The deck surface must be leveled.

2.2.24. After installing the floor slab deck, balcony slab, "tooth", arrange a side, with a height equal to the thickness of the overlap.

The formwork of the floor end is performed as follows.

The line of the end of the slab is made, strips of plywood are attached to the deck along the line, with a width equal to the height of the ceiling. To avoid capsizing the end, arrange a brace from a 50x50 beam.

2.2.25. With the help of universal fences that are attached to wooden beams, arrange a temporary fence. Install fence posts, with a step of no more than 1200 mm, insert fencing boards into the brackets of the racks.

2.2.26. Promoter device. The openings are made from laminated plywood. The size of the opening formers along the outer edges corresponds to the dimensions of the opening in the floor slab. The opening formers are installed in the design position and nailed to the floor slab deck.

GOSSTROY USSR

CENTRAL RESEARCH
AND PROJECT AND EXPERIMENTAL
INSTITUTE OF ORGANIZATION, MECHANIZATION
AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR CONSTRUCTION
(TsNIIOMTP)

ROUTING
FOR INSTALLATION AND DISMANTLING OF FORMWORK
WALLS AND FLOORS

The album contains a technological map for the production of formwork during the construction monolithic walls and floors of a typical floor on the example of a 16-storey building in Leningrad.

Routing designed for engineering and technical workers of construction organizations.

The technological map was developed by employees of the TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR (Ph.D. B.V. Zhadanovsky, N.I. Evdokimov, L.A. Zueva, Yu.A. Yarymov, etc.).

The technological map is intended to determine the technical and economic indicators of the erection of monolithic structures at the design stage, as well as for a comparative technical and economic assessment of structural and technological solutions for residential buildings in normal conditions construction.

Technical and economic indicators (labor costs, wage and output per worker per shift) are designed for formwork work in the construction of walls and ceilings different thickness using large-panel formwork for walls or small-panel and large-panel formwork for floors based on the developed technological maps for a 16-storey ( standard project 1-528KP-82-1v) at home in Leningrad.

All indicators determined according to the current ENiR for the conditions for the construction of buildings with a height of 50 m are recalculated for buildings of a different number of storeys using coefficients that take into account changes in the labor intensity of work.

When developing the map, the most characteristic monolithic structures, therefore, the given data can be used to develop a technology for the production of works in the construction of buildings of various architectural, planning and constructive solutions.

INSTALLATION AND DISMANTLING OF FORMWORKS OF WALLS AND FLOORS

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. The technological map was developed for the production of formwork during the construction of monolithic walls and ceilings of a typical floor using the example of a 16-storey residential building in Leningrad.

1.2. The scope of work considered by the map includes: enlargement of formwork panels; formwork delivery to the installation site; formwork installation; formwork dismantling.

1.3. Work is carried out in 2 shifts.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1. Prior to the installation of large-panel formwork, the following work must be performed: breakdown of the axes of the walls; leveling of the floor surface; checking the completeness of the delivered formwork; pre-assembly of shields; debris removal from floors.

2.2. Large panel formwork elements are transported in the following positions:

modular shields- by size in a horizontal position, 10 - 15 pcs. on the wooden spacers;

brackets, railings, connections - in a special wooden container;

small knots and details - also in a wooden container.

2.3. Received on construction site elements of large-panel formwork are placed in the area of ​​the crane.

2.4. The wall formwork is installed in two stages: first, the formwork of one side of the wall is mounted to the entire height of the floor, and after the reinforcement is installed, the second side.

2.5. For the installation of floors, small-panel formwork was used on telescopic racks and large-panel formwork.

2.6. The finished formwork is checked and accepted by the foreman or foreman. Upon acceptance, the following are subject to mandatory verification: compliance with the shape and geometric dimensions of the working drawings; coincidence of the formwork axes with the alignment axes of the structures; accuracy of marks of individual formwork planes; verticality and horizontality of shuttering boards; the correct installation of embedded parts and wooden corks; board density.

The correct position of the vertical planes is verified by a plumb line, and horizontality by a level or level.

Deviations in the size and position of the formwork elements should not exceed the tolerances specified in SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures".

riggers 2 size - 2