Young chemist experiments in the kitchen. Experiments in the kitchen
Our actions:
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Figure 3 |
Figure 4 |
Our actions:
1. Pour milk into a container.
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Figure 4 |
Figure 5 Figure 6 |
Our actions:
1. Inflate a balloon.
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Figure 10 |
Figure 11 |
1 experience.
Our actions:
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Figure 14 |
Figure 15 |
Our actions:
Figure 16 Figure 17
Figure 18 Figure 19
Figure 20 Figure 21
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"Chemistry in the Kitchen"
Orenburg region
Orenburg region
s.Chernorechye
1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 3
2. Main part ……………………………………………………… 4
2.1 Culinary and Chemistry………………………………………………………. 4
1.Chemistry and substances …………………………………………………………. 4
2. Chemical reagents in the kitchen …………………………………………. 5
2.2. Experiments in the kitchen…………………………………………………………. 6
1.Experiment with vinegar and soda……………………………………………………… 6
2. Experience with milk and paints………………………………………………….. 6
3. experience with milk writing and heating…………………………………… 6
4.Experience with sunflower oil…………………………………………….6-7
5.Plastic from milk………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………. eight
4. References………………………………………………………. 9
5. Application ……………………………………………………………….10-12
1. Introduction
I really like to help and watch my mother when she cooks in the kitchen. One day, when my mother was preparing breakfast, I saw her adding something sizzling and bubbling to the pancake batter. At that moment, my mother looked like a sorceress. I asked: “What is it and why are you putting it in the dough?” Mom smiled and said that the kitchen is a small chemical laboratory.
What is "chemistry" I read in the encyclopedia. In the photographs I saw different test tubes, jars. But what is the connection between delicious pancakes and chemicals and transformations. This is what I decided to find out, and my mother gladly agreed to help me with this. When my mother and I thought about the products in the kitchen, it turned out that the kitchen is nothing but a chemical laboratory. And the products themselves are chemicals.
This is how the project was born "Chemistry in the Kitchen".
object of our study were the products and substances that mom uses for cooking.
Subject is an
We have placed before us purpose
To achieve our goal, we decided to go through the solution hello:
1. Learn what chemistry and chemicals are.
Hypothesis: 1. I assumed that the kitchen is a chemical laboratory.
2. I admitted that it is possible with the help of experiments to prove that entertaining things happen in our kitchen every day. chemical experiments.
2.Main part 2.1.Cookery and chemistry
1 Chemistry and substances
Chemistry - one of the sciences about nature, about the changes taking place in it. The subject of study of chemistry are substances, their properties, transformations and processes that accompany these transformations.
Around us a huge amount of useful and harmful substances! For example, in nature there is natural substances, that is, those that were created without human intervention. These are water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, stone, wood and others.
Although I am not studying chemistry at school yet, I already know such a common element in nature as water. This substance surprisingly can have three states - liquid, solid, gaseous.
It was in the kitchen that I traced all her states.
If you boil water, it turns into hot steam - gas.
If you freeze water in the freezer, the water turns into ice. In this case, ice occupies a larger volume than water. Therefore, in order not to burst the bottle in the freezer, mom does not fill the water to the end, leaving extra space in the bottle. To deal with countless useful and harmful substances, to find out their structure, properties, role in nature is one of the tasks of chemistry. All people need it - a builder, a farmer, a doctor, a housewife and a cook.
Chemistry has existed since ancient times, but it became a real science quite recently - no more than 200 years ago. The theoretical foundations of chemistry were laid by the ancient Greek scientists Anaxagoras and Democritus. Creators modern system ideas about the structure of matter are considered: the great Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov, French chemist A. Lavoisier, English physicist and chemist J. Dalton, Italian physicist A. Avogadro.
2 Chemical reagents in the kitchen
Since I learned that chemistry is the science of matter, it would be reasonable to assume that there are many different substances in the kitchen. And when cooking various dishes, they probably occur chemical reactions.
I wonder how the kitchen resembles a science laboratory?
Let's open Kitchen Cabinet. Vinegar, baking soda, vegetable oil, sugar, flour, salt, milk, starch.
Nothing chemical, you say, is not here. Ordinary food items.
But it was not there! These are the real chemicals that bring tasty, nutritious and healthy dishes to our table. These substances even have chemical names.
vinegar - acetic acid;
sugar - sucrose;
starch is a polysaccharide
milk-lactose;
Solid chemistry!
It's time to conduct a series of chemical experiments in the kitchen.
I intend to conduct all experiments with the help of my mother.
2.2. Experiences in the kitchen
1 Experience with vinegar and soda "Volcano"
Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3.
Vinegar is a colorless liquid with a sharp-sour taste and aroma. It contains acetic acid.
When they are mixed, a chemical reaction occurs - carbon dioxide and water are released. This can be seen from experience - the mixture bubbles and begins to increase in volume. Therefore, the so-called volcano lava is obtained.
Application
1. This property of vinegar and soda is used in the kitchen very often when making pastries - pies, buns and other dough dishes. This reaction is called "quenching the soda". When selection occurs carbon dioxide, it saturates the dough, and baking becomes airy and porous.
The most important thing when using soda is to bake the dough immediately, since the chemical reaction passes very quickly. You can also extinguish soda with fermented milk products (for example, kefir) - if they are part of the dough, then adding vinegar is optional.
Milk is a liquid that contains various substances, including fat. The detergent attacks the fat in the milk and a chemical reaction takes place between the fat and the BIOLAN detergent.
A chemical reaction is a process of mixing different substances, as a result of which new substances are formed, while they become of a different color, either gas is released, or energy is released.
In our case, the energy that moves the colors has been released. ( For a description of the experience, see the appendix)
Milk contains water and other substances such as the protein casein. When we ironed a sheet of paper with an iron, we heated the milk to a temperature of +100 °C. After that, the water evaporated, and the casein protein fried and turned brown. For a description of the experience, see the appendix
4 Experience with sunflower oil
Sunflower oil is the oil made from sunflower seeds. It is often used in the kitchen for frying, salad dressing, baking.
It has interesting properties.
First we did an experiment with a balloon.
This experience showed that the oil spread around the edges of the hole in hot-air balloon and did not let air out, so the balloon did not deflate.
Little secret- it was possible to pierce the ball only in places where it was not under strong tension, that is, where it was softer (at the very top and next to the knot). The rubber stretched, and then tightened and with the help of oil, the air no longer passed. The skewer was gently pushed and twisted, and it easily entered between the rubber molecules, which are connected in long chains. This experience has shown more physical properties oils and rubber.
It does not sink in water and does not mix with it. For a description of the experience, see the appendix
5 Experience in obtaining plastic from milk
Plastic is made up of long molecules, which makes it flexible. Milk contains the protein casein, its long molecules are suitable for the production of plastic. For a description of the experience, see the appendix
4. Conclusion
Having studied the literature, having done experiments, we were convinced that many processes occurring in our kitchen are chemical phenomena.
So my hypothesis was confirmed - the kitchen is a chemical laboratory.
5 Literature
1. Transfer "NEOKuhnya" on the channel "Carousel", directed by Alexander Dashko.
2.www.alhimik.ru/teleclass/azbuka/1gl.shtml - electronic version of the chemical alphabet from the newspaper "Chemistry" of the publishing house "First of September".
3.N.M. Zubkov "Scientific answers to children's "why". Experiments and experiments for children from 5 to 9 years old". Publishing house Speech 2013.
4. Olgin O. Let's do some chemistry!: Entertaining experiments in chemistry / Ill. E. Andreeva. – M.: Det. Lit., 2002. - 175 p.: ill. - (Know and be able!).
Appendix
1. Experience with vinegar and soda "Volcano".
Our actions:
1. They cut off the neck of a plastic bottle - this is the basis of the volcano.
2. Plasticine was stuck on the bottom of the neck and placed on a large plate.
3. Poured inside the bottle 2 tbsp. l of soda and added red paint for the beauty of the volcano.
4. While the volcano is sleeping (Figure 1).
5. Pour water mixed with vinegar in a ratio of 4:1 (4 parts of water and 1 part of vinegar) into the neck of the bottle.
6. A chemical reaction has begun between baking soda and vinegar. The volcano began to erupt with red lava (Figure 2).
| Picture 1 | Figure 2 |
Our actions:
3. We took a cotton swab and soaked it in dishwashing detergent.
4. We lowered this cotton swab into a container with milk and paints (Figure 3).
5. As a result, the paints “ran away” from the cotton swab to the sides. While holding the wand in milk, the colors are constantly blurred from it in different sides, very beautiful swirls and patterns are obtained (Figure 4)
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Figure 3 |
Figure 4 |
Our actions:
1. Pour milk into a container.
2. They took a sheet of paper and a brush.
3. Wetted the brush in milk and began to write on paper with “milk ink” (Figure 4)
4. It turned out invisible inscriptions on paper.
5. Let the milk dry for 10 minutes.
6. Ironed a sheet of paper with milk records. (picture 5)
7. As a result, the phrase appeared Brown. In our case - "Chemistry in the kitchen"(Figure 6).
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Figure 4 |
Figure 5 Figure 6 |
Our actions:
1. Inflate a balloon.
2. We took a long narrow wooden stick (skewer) and soaked it completely in sunflower oil (Figure 10).
3. Slowly pierced the ball through with this stick. The balloon didn't pop! (picture 11)
|
Figure 10 |
Figure 11 |
1 experience.
Our actions:
1. Pour oil into a transparent glass.
2. Using a syringe, water, tinted with green gouache, was dropped into the oil.
3. There were droplets of green water in the oil, which did not mix with the oil, but simply floated in the glass (Figure 14).
4. A fizzy tablet was dipped into the oil and the reaction of carbon dioxide evolution began, the bubbles of which began to move the "balls" of green water and lift them up (Figure 15).
It was one of the most beautiful experiences of the project!
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Figure 14 |
Figure 15 |
5. Experience in obtaining plastic from milk.
For the experiment, we need: milk, vinegar, a small saucepan, a mold.
Our actions:
1. We heat the milk in a saucepan so that it is warm, but does not boil or foam (Figure 16).
2. Remove from the stove and add a few drops of vinegar (Fig. 17).
3. The resulting mass is similar to liquid rubber(Fig. 18).
4. Gently wash this mass under running water (Fig. 19).
5. Pour it into molds. (Fig. 20) We are waiting for three days.
6. Plastic is ready (fig. 21).
Figure 16 Figure 17
R 
Figure 18 Figure 19
Figure 20 Figure 21
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Orenburg region
Orenburg region
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Chernorechensk secondary school named after the Cavalier of the Order of the Red Star Gonyshev A.I."
s.Chernorechye
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"protection"
Hello! I, Daria Plotnikova, a 3rd grade student of the "Alexander Ivanovich Gonyshev School"
| Allow me to introduce my research work "Chemistry in the kitchen". |
|
| I really like to help and watch my mother when she cooks in the kitchen. One day, when my mother was preparing breakfast, I saw her adding something sizzling and bubbling to the pancake batter. At that moment, my mother looked like a sorceress. I asked: “What is it and why are you putting it in the dough?” Mom smiled and said that the kitchen is a small chemical laboratory. This is what I decided to find out, and my mother gladly agreed to help me with this. When my mother and I thought about all the products in the kitchen, it turned out that the kitchen is nothing but a chemical laboratory. And the products themselves are chemicals with their own properties and characteristics. Thus the project was born topic"Chemistry in the Kitchen" . |
|
| object studies have become the products and substances that mom uses to cook. |
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| The subject is the study of phenomena occurring with substances and products in the kitchen. |
|
| Purpose of the study : to find out how our kitchen is like a chemical laboratory. |
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| To reach the goal intended to solve the following adachi: Learn about chemistry and chemicals. Conduct chemical experiments with food. Prove that the kitchen is a whole chemical laboratory |
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| Hypothesis: 1. We assumed that the kitchen is a chemical laboratory, that with the help of experiments it can be proved that entertaining chemical experiments take place in our kitchen every day. Let's try to prove it. |
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| Around us a huge amount of useful and harmful substances! For example, in nature there are natural substances that were created without human intervention. These are water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, stone and others. There are substances created by man. They are called artificial substances. These are plastic, rubber, glass and others. Any substance is either in its pure form or consists of a mixture pure substances. As a result of chemical reactions, substances can be transformed into a new substance. I am not studying chemistry yet, but I can already say that water comes in three states. It was in the kitchen that I traced it. If you boil water, it turns into hot steam - gas. If you freeze water in the freezer, the water turns into ice. To deal with useful and harmful substances, to find out their structure, properties, role in nature is one of the tasks of chemistry. Since I learned that chemistry is the science of matter, it would be reasonable to assume that there are many different substances in the kitchen. And when cooking various dishes, chemical reactions certainly occur. I wonder how the kitchen resembles a science laboratory? |
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| Let's open the kitchen cabinet. Vinegar, baking soda, vegetable oil, sugar, flour, salt, milk, starch. Nothing chemical, you say, not here. Ordinary food items. But it was not there! These are the real chemicals that bring tasty, nutritious and healthy dishes to our table. These substances even have chemical names. For example: salt is sodium chloride; baking soda - sodium bicarbonate; vinegar - acetic acid; sugar - sucrose; starch is a polysaccharide milk-lactose. Solid chemistry! |
|
| It's time to do a series of chemical experiments on the kitchen. My mother helped me with the experiments. |
|
| Experience with vinegar and soda "Volcano". Poured inside the bottle 2 tbsp. l of soda and added red paint for the beauty of the volcano. Then they poured water mixed with vinegar in a ratio of 4: 1 (4 parts of water and 1 part of vinegar) from above into the neck of the bottle. A chemical reaction began between baking soda and vinegar. The volcano began to erupt with red lava |
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| . Pour milk into a container. Add three types of colors - red, blue color, green color. turned out beautiful patterns in milk. Take a cotton swab and soak it in dishwashing detergent. We lower this cotton swab into a container with milk and paints. As a result, the paints "ran away" from the cotton swab to the sides. While we hold the stick in milk, the colors constantly blur from it in different directions, very beautiful patterns are obtained. |
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| Pour milk into a container. Take a sheet of paper and a brush. Wet the brush in milk and write on paper with "milk ink". There were invisible inscriptions on paper. Let the milk dry for 10 minutes and iron a sheet of paper with milk records with an iron. The result is a brown phrase. In our case - "CHEMISTRY IN THE KITCHEN" |
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| Experience with sunflower oil. We inflate a balloon and take a long narrow wooden stick (skewer), and moisten it completely in sunflower oil. Slowly pierce the ball through with this stick. The balloon didn't pop! |
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| Pour oil into a transparent glass and use a syringe to drop water tinted with green gouache into the oil. There were droplets of green water in the oil, which do not mix with the oil, but simply float in the glass. We lower a pop tablet into the oil, the reaction of carbon dioxide evolution began, the bubbles of which began to move the "balls" of green water and lift them up. It was one of the most beautiful experiences of the project! |
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| Experience in obtaining plastic from milk. For the next experiment, we need: milk, vinegar, a small saucepan, a mold. We heat the milk in a saucepan so that it is warm, but does not boil or foam. Remove from heat and add a few drops of vinegar. The resulting mass is similar to liquid rubber. We carefully rinse this mass under running water. Pour it into molds. We are waiting for three days. The plastic is ready. |
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| After studying the literature, doing experiments, we were convinced that many processes occurring in our kitchen are chemical phenomena. |
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| So my hypothesis confirmed - the kitchen is a chemical laboratory .. To master all the intricacies of the art of cooking, you need to know a lot. A real culinary specialist must be a person educated in the field of chemistry, biology, biochemistry, nutritional physiology. In the process of this project, we managed to complete the tasks. We learned what chemistry and chemicals are, conducted chemical experiments with different products. Thus, we proved that the kitchen is a whole chemical laboratory. |
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| Thank you for your attention! |
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Plotnikova Daria. presentation of the work"
Performed:
3rd grade student
MBOU "School named after Gonyshev A.I."
Plotnikova Daria,
Work manager:
Gonysheva Svetlana Vladimirovna
teacher primary school
An object:
foods and substances that mother uses for cooking.
Thing:
the study of phenomena occurring with substances and products in the kitchen.
Target: find out how our kitchen is like a chemistry lab.
Tasks:
1. Learn what chemistry and chemicals are.
2. Conduct chemical experiments with edible products.
3. Prove that the kitchen is a whole chemical laboratory.
http://www.o-children.ru
Hypothesis:
salt-
sodium chloride;
vinegar-
acetic acid
baking soda - sodium bicarbonate
sugar-
sucrose
We have chemicals in the kitchen!
starch is a polysaccharide
milk - lactose
Experience with sunflower oil
Conclusion: having studied the literature, having done experiments,
we have seen that many of the processes
what happens in our kitchen are chemical phenomena.
Hypothesis:
Kitchen - chemical laboratory
Thank you for your attention!
Knowing chemistry from school, it seems boring and incomprehensible to us. But for a child, it can be a really exciting activity. Surprise your little one with the magic of magical science by conducting simple chemistry experiments with him.
The first stage of acquaintance with chemistry is alkali and acid. To have an exciting chemistry experiments for kids Houses, in gardening stores you can buy indicators for determining acidity and alkali. Invite your child to moisten the indicator in any liquid, be it saliva, water, tea, soup, etc. And you will see how the indicator will change color. The child will really like it, and mom will have some free time while her baby will explore the whole house.
natural indicators
As you know, vegetables, fruits, flowers contain substances that change color depending on the acidic environment. For example, you can take any material (dry, fresh, frozen) to prepare a decoction from it. And in this broth to conduct experiments on the content of acidity and alkali. The broth itself has a neutral environment. For an acidic environment, take a solution of vinegar (or a solution citric acid), and for alkaline, a solution of baking soda is suitable. All solutions must be prepared immediately before the experiment.
Take the empty cells from under the eggs, fill them with a solution of soda and vinegar in rows so that there is a cell with acid opposite the cell with alkali. Then pour the prepared broth into each cell and follow the changes. The child can be offered to write down the results in a table, or draw color changes with paints.
Spectacular experiments to determine alkali and acidity
In a glass or in a jar of water, dissolve a tablet of phenolphthalein ("purgen"). The solution is transparent. We add alkali (a solution of baking soda), the solution has acquired a pink-raspberry color. Then add citric acid (vinegar) - the solution became colorless again. Beauty! Such an experience in chemistry for children is remembered for a long time.
And another interesting experience. Basically, all women cook pastries. Baking soda and vinegar are used to prepare the dough. And the children, as always, are next to their mother. So, for the experience, take more soda, put it on a plate and pour vinegar directly from the bottle. There will be a violent neutralization reaction with a real boil. Be careful not to bend over the plate!
After the child's emotions have subsided, he can be interested in writing secret notes. Take a brush or pen and dip in milk. Write a message on white paper. Let dry. Hold over steam or iron to read. Instead of milk, you can take lemon juice and also write on white paper, but you can read such a note with an iodine solution (dissolve a few drops in water), which you need to slightly moisten the text.
The reaction to iodine can also determine the presence of starch in potatoes, margarine, green leaves. And the presence of protein (for example, in broth or milk) can be determined using washing soda and copper sulfate.
No less interesting is the experience of growing crystals from salt and the experiment with water and a drop of ink. The number of examples for conducting experiments at home is unlimited. Surprise your child and perhaps boring and difficult science will become his favorite hobby!
You can show chemical experiments and talk about the world of organic and inorganic chemistry to a child while preparing lunch. Elena Kachur's book Fascinating Chemistry presents unusual and at the same time simple experiments with "home reagents": soda, citric acid, salt. The main characters of the book are Chevostik and Uncle Kuzya.
acids
Now we will carry out one very interesting chemical reaction. For her, we need lemon juice and a little baking soda. It is in the kitchen of any hostess. We will pour into a transparent glass clean water. Add a pinch of soda to it. Let's mix well.
- White soda powder dissolved, in a glass again clear water.
- Not water, but a solution of soda. Let's add to it lemon juice...
- Ouch! The liquid in the glass began to seethe, transparent bubbles of some kind of gas rise from the bottom.
Chemistry_2.png
Its formula is CO2. C is the abbreviation for the element carbon. O is oxygen.
- And "two" means that next to each carbon atom there are as many as two oxygen atoms.
- Oh yes Chevostik! Right!
- Uncle Kuzya, what kind of element is carbon?
- Another good friend of yours. Coal is made up of this element. Graphite is the dark gray center of a simple pencil. And the hardest stone on earth is diamond. But back to our gas. It has a name - carbon dioxide.
uvlekatelnaya_himiya_3d_800.jpg
Oh yes, I know about it! We breathe in oxygen and we breathe out carbon dioxide. You talked about it when we were on a journey to find out how a person works.
- Quite right. And the chemical reactions that release this gas are used by many mothers and grandmothers when they cook delicious pies, pancakes and pancakes.
Chemistry_3.png
Carbon is found in most different forms and types. There is some carbon in man too!
- And why do these goodies have gas, and even carbon dioxide?
- He helps the housewives to make the dough fluffy, airy. They add special baking powder to it or baking soda with something sour, and a reaction similar to the one we just observed begins to go on in the dough.
- Gas bubbles remain in the dough, and the pancakes turn out lacy! Which useful gas. Only in our glass they are almost gone.
- The chemical reaction is over. All soda and citric acid have reacted.
Chemistry_4.png
Uncle Kuzya, why did you call lemon juice acid? Because it's sour?
- On the contrary, these acids got their name because of the sour taste. Acids is the name of the group chemical substances. We literally know the taste of some acids: these are oxalic, malic, citric, lactic, acetic acids. The well-known and useful vitamin C is also an acid. Ascorbic.
- Now I will know why sorrel and apples are sour. Because of the acids!
- But most acids have nothing to do with food. And you can’t try them in any case: many acids are very hot, and some are poisonous.
- And why should chemists study such harmful substances?
- Acids are not harmful at all, they bring great benefits. For example, sulfuric acid is necessary to obtain fertilizers, without which it is impossible to grow good harvest. Without it, paper, paints, fabrics, shoes, medicines cannot be made. Other acids have a lot of work to do too. We have hydrochloric acid in our stomach, its formula is HCl. This acid helps us digest food.
- Surprising substances these acids. What other groups of substances are there?
We have already talked about oxides. In addition to acids and oxides, there are alkalis. They, like acids, are caustic, they should not be tasted and touched so as not to get burned.
“But they certainly turn out to be something very useful, too.
- For instance, detergents and soap, which we use every day. And now I want to tell you how to pacify burning acid and caustic alkali with the help of chemistry. To do this, they need to ... mix.
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Wouldn't that make them twice as dangerous?
- Vice versa! They will turn into a salt solution. The fact is that in any acid there is necessarily a hydrogen atom. And in every alkali there is an inseparable pair: an oxygen atom with a hydrogen atom. If you mix an acid and a base, the hydrogen from the acid combines with the oxygen-hydrogen from the base. And we get a familiar company - two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen.
- Yes, it's H2O! Water! And she's not stingy at all!
Chemistry_6.png
The remaining acid and alkali atoms also combine, and some kind of salt is obtained. Salts are the name of another group of chemicals.
- I'll remember it. Uncle Kuzya, now let's do the following chemical reactions. I liked this activity very much.
- Then I propose to figure out where there are acids and alkalis next to us.
- And how do we do it? If acids cannot be taken by mouth, and alkalis should not be touched?
- Dangerous acids and alkalis are unlikely to be found in our house. And to deal with those that are available, cabbage will help us. True, not ordinary, but red-headed.
- I know her, she has beautiful leaves purple. But how it will help to distinguish acid from alkali is completely incomprehensible to me.
- Now everything will become clear. First we need to squeeze the juice out of the cabbage. Turn on the juicer... Done!
- The juice is dark purple in color.
- Now pour water into a glass, add lemon juice to it, and then add a little red cabbage juice.
- Ah! Purple cabbage juice recolored! He turned red!
Let's continue our research. In another glass, dilute a little soap in water. What do you think, Chevostik, if you add cabbage juice to soapy water, what color will you get?
- Red? Or purple?
For ice cream you will need: cocoa, sugar, milk, sour cream. You can add grated chocolate, waffle crumbs or small pieces of cookies to it. Mix two tablespoons of cocoa, one tablespoon of sugar, four tablespoons of milk and two tablespoons of sour cream in a bowl. Add cookie and chocolate crumbs. Ice cream is ready. Now it needs to be cooled down. Take a larger bowl, put ice in it, sprinkle it with salt, mix. Place a bowl of ice cream on top of ice and cover with a towel to keep heat out. Stir ice cream every 3-5 minutes. If you have enough patience, then after about 30 minutes the ice cream will thicken and you can try it. Yummy?
How does our homemade refrigerator? It is known that ice melts at a temperature of zero degrees. Salt also delays the cold, does not allow the ice to melt quickly. Therefore, salt ice keeps cold longer. Yes, the towel does not allow penetration warm air to ice cream. And the result? Ice cream is beyond praise!
Let's beat down the butter
If you live in the summer in the country, then you probably take natural milk from a thrush. Do experiments with milk with the children. Prepare a liter jar. Fill it with milk and refrigerate for 2-3 days. Show the children how the milk has separated into lighter cream and heavy skimmed milk. Collect the cream in a jar with an airtight lid. And if you have patience and free time, then shake the jar for half an hour in turn with the children until the balls of fat merge together and form oil lumps. Believe me, children have never eaten such delicious butter.
Homemade lollipops
Cooking is a fun activity. Now let's make homemade lollipops. To do this, you need to prepare a glass of warm water, in which to dissolve as much granulated sugar as it can dissolve. Then take a straw for a cocktail, tie a clean thread to it, attaching a small piece of pasta to the end of it (it is best to use small pasta). Now it remains to put the straw on top of the glass, across, and lower the end of the thread with pasta into the sugar solution. And be patient.
When the water from the glass begins to evaporate, the sugar molecules will begin to approach and sweet crystals will begin to settle on the thread and on the pasta, taking on bizarre shapes. Let your little one taste the lollipop. Yummy? The same lollipops will be much tastier if jam syrup is added to the sugar solution. Then you get lollipops with different tastes: cherry, blackcurrant and others that he wants.
"Roasted" sugar
Take two pieces of refined sugar. Moisten them with a few drops of water to make it moist, put in a stainless steel spoon and heat it for a few minutes over gas until the sugar melts and turns yellow. Don't let it burn. As soon as the sugar turns into a yellowish liquid, pour the contents of the spoon onto the saucer in small drops. Taste your candies with your children. Liked? Then open a candy factory!
Changing the color of cabbage
Together with your child, prepare a salad of finely chopped red cabbage, grated with salt, and pour it with vinegar and sugar. Watch the cabbage turn from purple to bright red. This is the effect of acetic acid. However, as the salad is stored, it may again turn purple or even turn blue. This happens because acetic acid is gradually diluted with cabbage juice, its concentration decreases and the color of the red cabbage dye changes. These are the transformations.
Why are unripe apples sour?
Unripe apples are high in starch and contain no sugar. Starch is an unsweetened substance. Let the child lick the starch, and he will be convinced of this. How do you know if a product contains starch? Make a weak solution of iodine. Drop them in a handful of flour, starch, on a piece of raw potato, on a slice of an unripe apple. The blue color that appears proves that all these products contain starch. Repeat the experiment with the apple when it is fully ripe. And you will probably be surprised that you will no longer find starch in an apple. But now it has sugar in it. So fruit ripening is chemical process converting starch to sugar.
edible glue
Your child needed glue for crafts, but the jar of glue was empty? Don't rush to the store to buy. Weld it yourself. What is familiar to you is unusual to a child.
Cook him a small portion of thick jelly, showing him each of the steps of the process. For those who do not know: in boiling juice (or in water with jam), you need to pour, mixing thoroughly, a solution of starch diluted in a small amount cold water and bring to a boil. I think the child will be surprised that this glue-jelly can be eaten with a spoon, or you can glue crafts with it.
Homemade sparkling water
Remind your child that he is breathing air. Air is made up of various gases, but many of them are invisible and odorless, making them difficult to detect. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that make up the air and ... carbonated water. But it can be isolated at home.
Take two straws for a cocktail, but different diameter, so that the narrow one by a few millimeters fits snugly into the wider one. It turned out a long straw, made up of two. Make a vertical hole in the cork of a plastic bottle with a sharp object and insert either end of the straw there. If there are no straws of different diameters, then you can make a small vertical incision in one and stick it into another straw. The main thing is to get a tight connection.
Pour water diluted with any jam into a glass, and pour half a tablespoon of soda into a bottle through a funnel. Then pour vinegar into the bottle - about one hundred milliliters. Now you need to act very quickly: stick the cork with a straw into the bottle, and lower the other end of the straw into a glass with sweet water. What's going on in the glass? Explain to your child that the vinegar and baking soda have begun to actively interact with each other, releasing carbon dioxide bubbles. It rises up and passes through a straw into a glass with a drink, where bubbles come to the surface of the water. Here is sparkling water and ready.
Drown and eat
Wash two oranges well. Put one of them in a bowl of water. He will swim. And even if you try hard, you won't be able to drown him. Peel the second orange and put it in the water. Well? Do you believe your eyes? The orange has sunk. How so? Two identical oranges, but one drowned and the other floated? Explain to the child: "There are many air bubbles in the orange peel. They push the orange to the surface of the water. Without the peel, the orange sinks because it is heavier than the water it displaces."
About the benefits of milk
Oddly enough, the best way to learn why you need to drink milk is to do an experiment with bones. Take the eaten chicken bones, wash them properly, let them dry. Then pour vinegar in a bowl so that it covers the bones completely, close the lid and leave for a week. After seven days, drain the vinegar, carefully examine and touch the bones. They have become flexible. Why? It turns out that calcium gives strength to bones. Calcium dissolves in acetic acid, and the bones lose their hardness.
You want to ask: "What does milk have to do with it?" Milk is known to be rich in calcium. Milk is useful because it replenishes our body with calcium, which means it makes our bones hard and strong.
How to get drinking water from salt water?
Pour water with your child into a deep basin, add two tablespoons of salt there, stir until the salt dissolves. Place washed pebbles on the bottom of an empty plastic cup so that it does not float up, but its edges should be above the water level in the basin. Stretch the film from above, tying it around the pelvis. Squeeze the film in the center over the glass and put another pebble in the recess. Place your basin in the sun. After a few hours, the glass will accumulate unsalted, clean drinking water. This is explained simply: the water begins to evaporate in the sun, the condensate settles on the film and flows into an empty glass. Salt does not evaporate and remains in the pelvis. Now that you know how to get fresh water, you can safely go to the sea and not be afraid of thirst. There is a lot of water in the sea, and you can always get the purest drinking water from it.
live yeast
A well-known Russian proverb says: "The hut is red not with corners, but with pies." We don't bake pies, though. Although, why not? Moreover, we always have yeast in our kitchen. But first we will show the experience, and then we can take on the pies. Tell the children that yeast is made up of tiny living organisms called microbes (meaning that microbes can be good as well as bad). When they feed, they emit carbon dioxide, which, mixed with flour, sugar and water, “raises” the dough, making it lush and tasty.
Dry yeast is like little lifeless balls. But this is only until the millions of tiny microbes that dormant in a cold and dry form come to life. Let's revive them. Pour two tablespoons into the pitcher warm water, add two teaspoons of yeast to it, then one teaspoon of sugar and mix. Pour the yeast mixture into the bottle, pulling a balloon over its neck. Place the bottle in a bowl of warm water. Ask the guys what will happen? That's right, when the yeast comes to life and starts eating sugar, the mixture will fill with bubbles of carbon dioxide already familiar to children, which they begin to release. The bubbles burst and the gas inflates the balloon.
Is the coat warm?
This experience should be very popular with children. Buy two cups of paper-wrapped ice cream. Unfold one of them and put on a saucer. And wrap the second one right in the wrapper in a clean towel and wrap it well with a fur coat. After 30 minutes, unwrap the wrapped ice cream and place it unwrapped on a saucer. Expand and the second ice cream. Compare both portions. Surprised? What about your children?
It turns out that ice cream under a fur coat, in contrast to what is on a silver platter, almost did not melt. So what? Maybe a fur coat is not a fur coat at all, but a refrigerator? Why, then, do we wear it in winter, if it does not warm, but cools? Everything is explained simply. Fur coat stopped skipping to ice cream room heat. And from this, the ice cream in a fur coat became cold, so the ice cream did not melt.
Now the question is also natural: "Why does a person put on a fur coat in the cold?" Answer: To keep warm. When a person puts on a fur coat at home, he is warm, but the fur coat does not let heat out into the street, so the person does not freeze.
Ask the child if he knows that there are "fur coats" made of glass? This is a thermos. It has double walls, and between them is a void. Heat does not pass through the void. Therefore, when we pour hot tea into a thermos, it stays hot for a long time. And if you pour cold water into it, what will happen to it? The child can now answer this question himself. If he still finds it difficult to answer, let him do one more experiment: pour cold water into a thermos and check it in 30 minutes.
Thrust funnel
Can a funnel "refuse" to let water into a bottle? Let's check! We will need: 2 funnels, two identical clean dry plastic bottles 1 liter each, plasticine, a jug of water.
Training:
- Insert a funnel into each bottle.
- Cover the neck of one of the bottles around the funnel with plasticine so that there is no gap left.
Let's start the science magic!
Announce to the audience: "I have a magic funnel that keeps water out of the bottle."
Take a bottle without plasticine and pour some water into it through a funnel. Explain to the audience, "This is how most funnels behave."
Put a bottle of plasticine on the table. Fill the funnel with water up to the top. See what will happen.
Result. A little water will flow from the funnel into the bottle, and then it will stop flowing altogether.
Explanation:
Water flows freely into the first bottle. Water flowing through the funnel into the bottle replaces the air in it, which escapes through the gaps between the neck and the funnel. In a bottle sealed with plasticine, there is also air, which has its own pressure. The water in the funnel also has pressure, which is due to the force of gravity pulling the water down. However, the force of air pressure in the bottle exceeds the force of gravity acting on the water. Therefore, water cannot enter the bottle.
If there is at least a small hole in the bottle or plasticine, air can escape through it. Because of this, its pressure inside the bottle will drop, and water will be able to flow into it.
dancing flakes
Some cereals are capable of making a lot of noise. Now we will find out if it is possible to teach rice flakes to jump and dance.
We will need:
- paper towel
- 1 teaspoon (5 ml) crispy rice flakes
- balloon
- wool sweater
Training.
- Sprinkle cereal on a towel.
Let's start the science magic!
- Address the audience like this: "All of you, of course, know how rice flakes can crackle, crunch and rustle. And now I'll show you how they can jump and dance."
- Inflate the balloon and tie it up.
- Rub the ball on the wool sweater.
- Bring the ball to the cereal and see what happens.
Result. The flakes will bounce and be attracted to the ball.
Explanation. Static electricity helps you in this experiment. Electricity is called static when there is no current, that is, the movement of charge. It is formed by the friction of objects, in this case a ball and a sweater. All objects are made up of atoms, and each atom contains an equal number of protons and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge. When these charges are equal, the object is called neutral or uncharged. But there are objects, such as hair or wool, that lose their electrons very easily. If you rub the ball on a woolen thing, some of the electrons will pass from the wool to the ball, and it will acquire a negative static charge.
When you bring a negatively charged ball close to the flakes, the electrons in them begin to repel from it and move to the opposite side. Thus, the top side of the flakes facing the ball becomes positively charged, and the ball attracts them to itself.
If you wait longer, the electrons will begin to move from the ball to the flakes. Gradually, the ball will become neutral again, and will no longer attract flakes. They will fall back onto the table.
Sorting
Do you think it is possible to separate the mixed pepper and salt? If you master this experiment, then you will definitely cope with this difficult task!
We will need:
- paper towel
- 1 teaspoon (5 ml) salt
- 1 teaspoon (5 ml) ground pepper
- a spoon
- wool sweater
- assistant
Training:
- Spread a paper towel on the table.
- Sprinkle salt and pepper on it.
Let's start the science magic!
- Invite someone from the audience to become your assistant.
- Mix salt and pepper thoroughly with a spoon. Have a helper try to separate the salt from the pepper.
- When your assistant is desperate to share them, invite him now to sit and watch.
- Inflate the balloon, tie it off and rub it against the wool sweater.
- Bring the ball closer to the salt and pepper mixture. What will you see?
Result. Pepper will stick to the ball, and salt will remain on the table.
Explanation. This is another example of the effect of static electricity. When you rub the ball with a woolen cloth, it acquires a negative charge. If you bring the ball to a mixture of pepper and salt, the pepper will begin to be attracted to it. This is because the electrons in the pepper grains tend to move as far away from the ball as possible. Consequently, the part of the peppercorns closest to the ball acquires a positive charge, and is attracted by the negative charge of the ball. The pepper sticks to the ball.
Salt is not attracted to the ball, since electrons move poorly in this substance. When you bring a charged ball to salt, its electrons still remain in their places. Salt from the side of the ball does not acquire a charge - it remains uncharged or neutral. Therefore, salt does not stick to a negatively charged ball.
flexible water
In previous experiments, you used static electricity to teach cereal to dance and separate pepper from salt. From this experience you will learn how static electricity affects ordinary water.
We will need:
- faucet and sink
- wool sweater
Training:
To conduct the experiment, choose a place where you will have access to running water. The kitchen is perfect.
Let's start the science magic!
- Announce to the audience: "Now you will see how my magic will control the water."
- Open the faucet so that the water flows in a thin stream.
- Tell magic words, calling the water jet to move. Nothing will change; then apologize and explain to the audience that you will have to use the help of your magic balloon and magic sweater.
- Inflate the balloon and tie it up. Rub the ball on the sweater.
- Again, say the magic words, and then bring the ball to a trickle of water. What will happen?
Result. The jet of water will deflect towards the ball.
Explanation. The electrons from the sweater during friction pass to the ball and give it a negative charge. This charge repels the electrons that are in the water, and they move to the part of the jet that is farthest from the ball. Closer to the ball, a positive charge arises in the water stream, and the negatively charged ball pulls it towards itself.
For the jet movement to be visible, it must be small. The static electricity that accumulates on the ball is relatively small, and it cannot move a large amount of water. If a trickle of water touches the balloon, it will lose its charge. The extra electrons will go into the water; both the balloon and the water will become electrically neutral, so the trickle will flow smoothly again.
A source:
- Jim Weese" Entertaining chemistry, physics, biology";
- N.M. Zubkov "Scientific answers to children's "why". Experiments and experiments for children from 5 to 9 years old".
Discussion
Very entertaining) Did only salty dough instead of plasticine. It molds well. You just need to store it properly so that it does not dry out.
We lived in the city of Krasnovishersk, where employees of a local enterprise were given coupons for milk. There was a lot of milk and some of it was sour. My daughter and I made cottage cheese ourselves and we called it "Cottage cheese from the village"
Great collection of experiences! Thank you
27.12.2009 10:41:06, Aida GorbunovaComment on the article "Entertaining experiments in the kitchen"
Here are some fun bubble experiments. *** When it's time to pay For the apartment, When a hole appeared on the stocking, When just like that The blues attacks - She leaves sadly in the kitchen, And she spreads the soap in the bowl, And blows, collecting her Weakened spirit.
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When my daughter found out what I want to write negative feedback about her home chemistry kit, she said, "Mom, don't give a bad review." But still I am writing a review, mom, and a review for the same moms and dads, so I will express my personal opinion.
I had a set "Young Chemist" in my childhood - I loved it, although I don't remember why. I don’t remember what chemical experiments he allowed to do, but I remember that I loved this set, although I wasn’t particularly fond of chemistry. So I bought (fool!) under the impressions of my childhood a similar set for my daughter - a set for experiments "Experiments in chemistry in the kitchen" from Ranok-Creative...
Before I get indignant, I will give the same dialogue with my daughter (13 years old) about the review:
Mom, you don't need a bad review.
Did you like the set?
Dotsya, you already have it more than a year. How many times have you used it?
As they say, no comment.
But I will comment on a few of the declared 100 experiments, even in the pictures I will comment, so as not to be unfounded! Pictures - photos from the pages of the instructions.
Example #1. Here are descriptions of two different experiments on descaling a kettle (do not look that there are numbers 3 and 4 - these experiments are generally from different sections, even just coincided):
The only difference is that in one case they take vinegar, and in the other lemon juice.
Example 2 Again, two different experiments from two different sections, this time we mix acid and soda:
The only difference is that in one case they take vinegar, and in the other citric acid and water.
Example 3 Now we make "submarines" - we study the density of fresh and salt water (the sections are different again):
The only difference is that in one case they take a potato, and in the other an egg.
I took examples offhand, there are such a sea!
NOW I HAVE SEVERAL QUESTIONS:
Question 1: And what's with the set? In the given examples, none of the set is used! With the same success, release a simple instruction as an independent brochure, and parents will not overpay for a beautiful box!
Question 2: What kind of children are these experiments designed for? Written 10+, but I'm not interested in age, but rather the level of knowledge. If a child understands the given formulas, then he certainly knows that the reaction of soda with acid will be the same, even take vinegar, even a solution of citric acid. And if the child is so small that he is directly interested in doing these experiments separately, then what for do you even give formulas ?!
Question 3: How many experiences are you talking about? one hundred? And if you remove these repetitions? If you just write in my first example that instead of vinegar, you can take lemon juice? And in other examples if done similarly? Will this be 50 experiments? Well, even the brochure will be twice as thin!
Question 4: In my last example with an egg and potatoes, where is the chemistry at all ?! Am I the only one who thinks this is physics? Probably not one, because the experience with an egg on the internet is described everywhere in the physics section ...
FIRE, not a SET!
90% of the experiments are carried out without the kit at all!
My daughter persuaded me to rate not 2, but 3, arguing that "there are still a few interesting experiences" . Ok, I put 3. With a stretch. With a creaking heart. Solely for the sake of "a few interesting experiments" ...
P.S: Buy a better electronic designer Connoisseur - you definitely won't regret it! Suitable for both girls and boys. In the review, I described various real jokes with him - a very funny thing, if you show a little imagination
