Chemical experiment - Vesuvius on the table. Children's experiments: Volcano from soda and vinegar
During a volcanic eruption, ash clouds are thrown into the air, and lava flows along the slopes. This is a very exciting sight, it is life-threatening to watch it in close proximity.
But you can make a volcano at home and conduct experiments daily, admiring the eruption without a threat to life and health. By showing an active volcano to your friends, you will surprise them. You can prepare a presentation for a school lesson, and thereby add variety to boring lessons, and teachers in geography and chemistry will surely mark your efforts with good grades.
First make the volcano itself.
How to make a paper volcano
To make a volcano, it is best to use thick paper or cardboard.
Draw a large circle on paper. Cut it out and glue the cone.
From the second sheet of paper, twist the tube and glue it. This will be the mouth of the volcano. Put a cone on it and fasten the structure with glue.
Cut out the ground from the third piece of paper. It can be given any shape, as long as it is larger than the base of the volcano. Glue the volcano to the ground, cover it with tape. Apply superglue on top and sprinkle with sawdust, sand. You can use colored sand. Paint the model with gouache or acrylic paints and give the volcano a natural look.
To prevent paint from running during or after an eruption, cover the volcano protective layer. The composition can be prepared independently: mix 1 part glue and 3 parts water. After thorough drying, the volcano model is ready for use. Lava in a test tube is inserted into the mouth of a volcano.
How to make a volcano video
Volcano how to make from plasticine
Plasticine is divided into 2 parts.
The first part is rolled into a pancake (base or land). From the second part, fashion a hollow cone, with a hole in the middle.
Place a bottle with a cut neck on the base. Put a cone on top, stick around the bottle opening with plasticine. Fasten the base and cone of the volcano together to form an airtight construction.
Color the model and sculpt the slopes. The prepared substance for lava is poured into the bottle through a watering can.
How to make a plasticine volcano model the second way
Instead of plasticine, you can use salty dough, mass for modeling, papier-mâché.
Glue the bottle to the base (upside down plastic bowl, thick cardboard, chipboard) with tape so that you get a cone-shaped tent.
Cover with plasticine on top. Form lava flows, mountain range elements, channels. If you used salt dough, dry the volcano.
Now you can paint the model. For a more spectacular eruption, red paint can be applied to the mouth of the volcano. Once the paint is dry, apply a clear sealer.
Attach plastic plants to the base (usually they decorate aquariums) - you get trees and shrubs. Dry the volcano well again before use.
How to make a cold porcelain volcano model
If you wanted to use modeling mass to make a volcano, but did not find it in stores, or the price turned out to be high, you can prepare cold porcelain. This soft material, homogeneous in structure. It is convenient to sculpt from it small parts, because it is very plastic, and hardens when solidified.
Mix one part starch (corn or potato), soda, water. Add a drop of vegetable oil.
Put the mixture on the fire and cook until it thickens, stirring constantly. Remove the thick mass from the pan and cover wet towel. When the mass becomes warm, knead it. It should be soft, and resemble plasticine. The mass can be dyed desired color during cooking. Best for this Oil paint. But keep in mind that then "cold porcelain" will quickly harden. So that the mass does not stick to your hands, grease them with oil or a fat cream. Sculpt the volcano as described above and let it dry. Then paint with acrylic paints.
Eruption preparation.
How to make a soda volcano
The easiest way to make lava is from baking soda and vinegar. The quantity is given for a volcano with a "volume" of 100-150 ml.
1 st. mix a spoonful of soda with 1 teaspoon of dishwashing detergent (preferably red), and red dye (you can use beetroot juice). Stir the mixture well, if the lava is very thick, add water. Pour it into the crater of the volcano.
To start the eruption, you need to add 2.5 tbsp. spoons of vinegar. The vinegar will react with the baking soda and carbon dioxide will be released. As a result, a bubbling red foam will form.
How to make a homemade green ash volcano
For this experiment, you will need ammonium dichromate (NH4) 2Cr2O7. It is included in any standard set " Young chemist". The experiment must be carried out on a non-combustible surface.
Pour ammonium dichromate into an unnecessary jar of tin 7 cm high. In the center of the slide, make a recess and put a cotton swab moistened with alcohol.
From brown paper, roll a cone 15 cm high, 20 cm in diameter. Cut off the top of the cone by 5 cm. Cover the reagent jar with the cone. Make sure that the cone is slightly lower than the slide, if necessary, cut the paper further. Set fire to the cotton wool and admire the flying green flakes.
How to make a do-it-yourself volcano that erupts with a sheaf of sparks
The eruption turns out to be spectacular, but it must be carried out, observing the rules for working with combustible substances, and conducting the experiment on the street under the supervision of adults. If careless, you can start a fire or get fourth-degree burns.
Mix 4 parts of potassium nitrate with 2 parts of aluminum (source of sparks) sawdust and 1 part of sulfur. To get enough sawdust, drill a few holes in the metal.
On the bottom of the cardboard sleeve (you can buy it or take it after the used factory pyrotechnics, you can make it yourself) install a clay plug. The wall thickness of the sleeve is 4 mm. Pour and tamp the mixture into a sleeve. Cover with a cardboard circle on top (its diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the sleeve), and then fill it with plaster.
In the middle of the plaster plug, drill a hole for the pyrotechnic mixture and pass the wick. This will be the crater of the volcano, before the eruption, light the fuse and move to a safe distance.
A do-it-yourself volcano not only has an external resemblance to the real one, but also knows how to spew lava, more precisely, a liquid similar in consistency. Such a miniature volcano is ideal for school projects. With this product, you can visually show certain reactions without using a textbook. So, making a volcano with your own hands is not difficult.
With this type of production, it is necessary to use the following types of materials:
- newspapers or magazines;
- a sheet of cardboard, and preferably plywood;
- tape for connection, preferably double-sided;
- plastic bottle;
- flour;
- paint for drawing;
- scissors and brushes different thickness for ease of use;
- vinegar and baking soda.
It is quite possible to make a volcano at home, but you need to follow the recommendations as closely as possible. . You need to create a homemade volcano in stages:
dough volcano
The second option for a do-it-yourself volcano at home is to make it from dough. For this you will need the following materials:
Since it is easy to make a model of a volcano at home from dough, first of all you need to knead the salt dough. The dough should be as dense as possible and not stick to your hands. In the center, you need to put a glass and stick around it with dough prepared in advance. With such a process, it is necessary to implement a model of the mountain.
From the bottom of such a mountain, it will be possible to draw a river or attach artificial plants. What happened should be left to dry. If the drying process takes place in the open air, then this one will take about four days, so you need to resort to using the oven. After drying, you can start drawing. In this case, you can rely on your fantasies.
You need to start the volcanic eruption itself in the same way as in the first case, but the material should already be placed in a glass. The main thing is to follow the rules and everything will work out. It is better to keep children away from some components of the composition.
Plasticine miracle
How to make a model of a volcano with your own hands from plasticine is a topic that will arouse the interest of a young cognizant. There are fixed and active forms of the product. Creating a fixed model is a simple process, it is enough to build a model of a smoking mountain from plasticine. The current creation will look much more exciting. The creation of such a product will be entertaining for both those who go to school and for children. preschool age. It is likely that the experiment with a model of a domestic volcano will cause a child to become interested in geology, geography and chemistry.
Creating an erupting volcano is easier than you think. Before making crafts, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the images and find out the structure, and also just look at the pictures, for example, in a children's encyclopedia or a school textbook. Still, this project is more educational than developing motor skills and creative fantasy. The child will expand his horizons, significantly replenishing his knowledge about the structure of the planet and its phenomena.
Before turning into lava, the magmatic mass ascends through a tight volcanic vent. Ample magma capacity and a narrow vent opening are just what is needed to properly recreate the experience. Good fit plastic container from under water and plasticine.
Would need:
Process of creation
The base must always be larger than the rest. The foot of the volcano is 15–25 cm from the ends of the cardboard. The first step begins with the reconstruction of the volcanic vent. Depending on the desired size of the mountain, you need to give the bottle the desired length. Shorten if a low volcano is required - to do this, cut off the top and bottom, then connect them with adhesive tape. Attach the bottle with the same adhesive tape to the middle of the base and start sculpting the volcano.
To do this, it is better to stock up on material, because this is a very resource-intensive process. You can take old and damaged plasticine, crumple it. This is just right to give the necessary, natural black, gray and brown coloring.
It is necessary to knead the resulting plasticine mass and begin construction from the base to the top.: measuredly, row after row, erect a structure. Bulges and bumps will give the product a much more believable look. "Channels" can be laid to drain magma.
This requires plasticine red, orange and yellow flowers. Need to blind different colors modeling material into a single piece, but do not mix them together so that colored stripes and patterns are noticeable.
The created model will be an excellent example if you need to do a school exercise or participate in a competition. It will help kids play in the "Mesozoic era", where volcanic eruptions were common events, and the earth was inhabited by dinosaurs.
Children are curious and want to know many things. They are interested in various natural phenomena: hurricane, tsunami, volcanic eruption. These phenomena, if desired, are modeled at home. Making a volcano at home with your own hands is quite a feasible task for everyone. The experience will require a minimum of improvised materials, patience and time.
A bit of geography
Under the ground is magma - molten rock that seeps to the surface through small holes in the ground or erupts through craters. Volcanoes are located on the border of tectonic plates, in the mountains. But there are cases of their appearance on the territory with a flat relief and for a short period of time. Active volcanoes are mostly depicted as huge and having correct form, but this is not so, in fact, there are different types. Volcanoes can be tall or very small and disproportionate.
The eruption proceeds as follows: gases and magma that are underground are pushed up under strong pressure. Sometimes there are even explosions, it happens that volcanoes spew lava, gushing like geysers.
Salt dough volcano
For the experience you need a minimum of materials and a little patience. To make a model of a volcano with your own hands, you will need:
After we have found everything you need, we begin modeling. Let's get started by following the instructions:
From baking soda
To make the product, you will need: water, vinegar, diluted food coloring, dish detergent, baking soda.
Procedure for creating a volcano:
From plasticine and paper
It will be even faster to model a volcano from paper and plasticine. First, let's make the shape of the product. Take a piece of cardboard, fold it into a cone, and cut off the top of the resulting cone. The layout of the volcano at home is made.
Now stick the resulting model with plasticine on top, you should get a mountain. Place the layout on a tray or dish. Put a mixture of lava (food coloring, paint, soda) in a jar and place the jar inside the craft. Homemade volcano is ready. You can make such a product quickly, simply and without much cost.
reusable craft
This option is very convenient, because you can return to the created volcano again and again. To create crafts you will need:
For the eruption you will need: vinegar, a little soda, red food coloring, a little bit of dishwashing detergent.
Here comes the most interesting stage. Place a little baking soda inside the vent, add a little dishwashing liquid and sprinkle red food coloring. If required, add some water. We add some vinegar to the mouth of the volcano, and the eruption begins!
Big Bang
This vapiant will especially appeal to children. To simulate a big bang, you need the following:
With liquid nitrogen
A little dangerous, but no less interesting way. An even larger spectacle will turn out, if you do the following:
When creating a wudkan at home, use your imagination. Here are some tips:
- Color the product if you wish.
- Add ingredients carefully so as not to stain anything.
- To enhance the eruption, add mints and soda.
- Be sure to wear goggles and gloves.
As you can see, making a volcano at home is easy and fun. The product will give an unforgettable experience to both children and adults. Making a volcano can be combined with a geography or chemistry lesson for kids, and adults will just have a good time doing this activity.
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Helpful Hints
Children are always trying to find out something new every day and they always have a lot of questions.
They can explain some phenomena, or you can show how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works.
In these experiments, children not only learn something new, but also learn create differentcrafts with which they can play further.
1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano
You will need:
2 lemons (for 1 volcano)
Baking soda
Food coloring or watercolors
Dishwashing liquid
Wooden stick or spoon (optional)
1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.
2. On the reverse side, cut a piece of lemon as shown in the image.
* You can cut half a lemon and make an open volcano.
3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice out of it into a cup. This will be the backup lemon juice.
4. Place the first lemon (with the part cut out) on the tray and spoon "remember" the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.
5. Add food coloring or watercolor to the inside of the lemon, but do not stir.
6. Pour dishwashing liquid inside the lemon.
7. Add a full spoonful to the lemon baking soda. The reaction will start. With a stick or spoon, you can stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.
8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.
2. Home experiments for children: electric eels from chewing worms
You will need:
2 glasses
small capacity
4-6 chewable worms
3 tablespoons of baking soda
1/2 spoon of vinegar
1 cup water
Scissors, kitchen or clerical knife.
1. With scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (just lengthwise - this will not be easy, but be patient) of each worm into 4 (or more) parts.
* The smaller the piece, the better.
* If scissors don't want to cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.
2. Mix water and baking soda in a glass.
3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.
4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.
5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.
6. Pour half a spoon of vinegar into an empty glass and start putting worms in it one by one.
* The experiment can be repeated if the worms are washed plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.
3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface
You will need:
bowl of water
Clear nail polish
Small pieces of black paper.
1. Add 1-2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. See how the varnish disperses through the water.
2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.
3. After the paper has dried (it happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that is displayed on it.
* To better see the rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.
4. Experiments at home: a rain cloud in a jar
When small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. As a result, they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.
This phenomenon can be shown to children with simple materials.
You will need:
Shaving foam
Food coloring.
1. Fill the jar with water.
2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.
3. Let the child begin to drip food coloring onto the "cloud" until it starts to "rain" - drops of food coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.
During the experiment, explain this phenomenon to the child.
You will need:
warm water
Sunflower oil
4 food coloring
1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.
2. Take a bowl and mix 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring in it. AT this example 1 drop of each of 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.
3. Stir the dyes and oil with a fork.
4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.
5. Watch what happens - the food coloring will begin to slowly sink through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with other drops.
* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because. The density of oil is less than water (which is why it "floats" on water). A drop of dye is heavier than oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it begins to disperse and look like a small firework.
6. Interesting experiences: ina bowl in which colors merge
You will need:
- a printout of the wheel (or you can cut out your own wheel and draw all the colors of the rainbow on it)
Elastic band or thick thread
Glue stick
Scissors
A skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).
1. Choose and print the two templates you want to use.
2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.
3. Cut out the glued circle from the cardboard.
4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.
5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.
6. Pass the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.
Now you can spin your spinning top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.
7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar
You will need:
Small transparent plastic bag
Transparent plastic bottle
Food coloring
Scissors.
1. Lay the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.
2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.
3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.
4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie the thread around the "neck" of the jellyfish, but not too tight - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the head of the jellyfish.
5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need about 8-10 tentacles.
6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.
7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.
8. Fill the bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.
9. Drop a couple of drops of blue or green food coloring.
* Close the lid tightly so that water does not spill out.
* Have the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.
8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass
You will need:
Glass cup or bowl
plastic bowl
1 cup Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts
1 cup hot water
Food coloring.
1. Pour Epsom salt into a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.
2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.
3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution isn't hot enough to crack the glass.
4. After freezing, move the solution to the main compartment of the refrigerator, preferably on the top shelf and leave overnight.
The growth of crystals will be noticeable only after a few hours, but it is better to wait out the night.
This is what the crystals look like the next day. Remember that crystals are very fragile. If you touch them, they are most likely to break or crumble immediately.
9. Experiments for children (video): soap cube
10. Chemical experiments for children (video): how to make a lava lamp with your own hands
How is it accessible and interesting for a child to talk about what a volcano is? You can, of course, arm yourself with books with pictures of a volcano in a section and try to explain in words how magma is thrown out. Or you can make your own volcano at home. You will not only satisfy the curiosity of a young researcher, but also arouse interest in various sciences: geography, chemistry and geology.
Making a volcano at home is very easy. Simple products that can be found at home and uncomplicated detergents allow you to create beautiful effects. It is recommended to conduct similar experiments with children of six or seven years old: at this age they will be better able to understand the essence of the ongoing action. Although such a spectacular spectacle will be interesting to both the baby and the adult.
Purpose of the experiment- to form in children an elementary idea of natural phenomenon"Volcano", clearly show the interaction of alkali with acid (neutralization reaction).
Tasks:
- explain how volcanoes work and what danger they pose;
- explain what an acid-base environment is;
- arouse the child's research interest;
- develop self-learning skills;
- teach children about the existence of an acid-base environment.
Materials and tools:
- flask or bottle;
- cardboard for the manufacture of "mountains";
- plasticine to shape the volcano;
- water;
- soda;
- lemon acid;
- food coloring or gouache orange or red;
- dishwashing liquid;
- a container for mixing ingredients and a spoon;
- stapler;
- Plastic container;
- small figurines (different types of animals, trees, stones).
Experience progress
1. Let's make a volcano.
First you need to find a suitable container. You can use both a flask and a small bottle of juice or yogurt. To give the bottle the look of a mountain, we make a blank from cardboard. Cut out a circle, make one cut along the radius. We fold the circle into a cone and firmly fix it with a stapler. Cut off the top of the cone.
We insert our container inside the figure - we get the skeleton of a volcano. With the help of plasticine, you need to give the volcano a shape: we coat the cardboard with plasticine, make a “crater”, masking the neck of the container.
We place the volcano blank in plastic container(or in the pelvis). Create an environment with different types animals (dinosaurs, animals), trees, stones. We pour stones to the foot of the volcano, arrange trees, arrange animals.
2. We prepare 2 solutions of "lava"
First solution: we collect 2/3 of water in a container, add food coloring (or gouache), a few drops of dishwashing detergent (so that there is a lot of foam) and 5 tablespoons of soda.
The second solution: we dilute citric acid (the recommended ratio is 5 tablespoons per 1.5 cups of water).
3. We launch the "eruption"
Thoroughly mix the mixture in the volcano container. Slowly pour the solution into the vent citric acid.
Watch the magic unfold as a dormant volcano wakes up and transforms into a fire-breathing mountain!
The result of the experience
Fiery red foam erupts from the mouth of the volcano.
Volcanic eruption (no dye)
scientific explanation
The volcano erupts as a result of the interaction of two substances - soda and citric acid. In chemistry, this process is called a neutralization reaction. Acid and alkali (soda) neutralize each other, releasing carbon dioxide. CO₂ foams the mixture poured into the crater and causes the mass to overflow over the edges of the crater. Dishwashing detergent makes the "lava" bubble up more. We recommend doing another experiment with a volcano, but with glowing lava.
