The device of the gable roof truss system - do-it-yourself design and installation. Gable roof with different slopes: description and design Gable roof truss system with windows

Properly designed and assembled according to technology, the roof serves as a barrier that prevents cold air and moisture from entering the house. Outside, with the naked eye, we see only a small part of the structure - the roofing. But the roof frame, which is the most important component, performs the main supporting functions and absorbs the effects of wind and snow loads.

So that it does not deform as a result of operation, it is necessary to correctly calculate the cross-sectional value of its elements and determine the distance between them, taking into account the weight of the roofing material, slope and climatic conditions. In this article we will tell you what the gable roof truss system of a house is, what it consists of, how it is designed and assembled by hand.

The truss system for a gable roof of a house is a system of interconnected supporting elements, which together form the frame of the structure.

It is made of wood or metal in accordance with the calculation of the loads that will affect them during operation. The roof truss frame performs the following functions:

Gives roof slopes the necessary slope. Traditional equilateral rectangle shape gable roof gives exactly the rafter frame, which forms a slope between the base of the roof and its ridge. The angled surface allows snow and water to slide freely off the slope.
Distributes the load from the weight roofing cake . The weight of the roofing pie, taking into account the snow load, can reach up to 500 kg / m2, so the gable roof is subjected to intense load, especially in winter period. The rafters of a gable roof evenly distribute the weight that falls on them, and then transfer the load to the load-bearing walls and foundation of the house.
Serves as a basis for fixing thermal insulation and roofing material. The rafter frame of the roof serves as a kind of skeleton of the structure around which its “body” is built. Thermal insulation should be installed between the rafter legs, and a roofing covering is fixed on the crate, which protects against moisture penetration.

Please note that the design of the gable roof truss system is quite complicated to design and assemble, especially if the master does not have enough experience. Indeed, in order for it to be able to withstand heavy loads, it is necessary to correctly calculate the cross-section of the rafters and the pitch of the rafters, taking into account the slope and length of the slopes, the roofing material used, and also draw up a drawing according to which the assembly will be performed.

Types of truss systems

Rafter systems differ in many factors, their composition depends on the layout of a wooden or brick house, the total weight of the roofing cake, the material from which the frame is made, as well as the type roofing.

An important characteristic of the design is their load bearing capacity, which determines how much weight they can support without deformation. According to the characteristic features, the following types of truss systems are distinguished:

Layered

A rafter frame of a layered type is a frame whose rafters have 2 points of support. The upper end of the leg rests on a ridge run mounted on vertical racks fixed on the interior wall. And with the lower end it is installed on the Mauerlat.

The assembly of a rafter system of a layered type on a gable roof is possible only if there is at least 1 load-bearing partition or capital column inside the house. Such a construction is often called non-thrust, because the second fulcrum of the rafters compensates for the bursting load on the walls of the house, which is assumed by the hanging frame installation scheme.

Rafter legs of a layered type experience only a bending load, which can be eliminated by various struts. The layered truss system allows you to cover houses up to 14 meters wide.

hanging

The hanging truss system is distinguished by the fact that its rafters rest only with their lower end on a Mauerlat beam mounted on external load-bearing walls. The upper end of the rafter legs of this design does not rest on anything, but, as it were, hangs in the air, which causes 2 types of load: bending and bursting.

The bursting load of such an arrangement of elements on the outer walls is so great that it has to be compensated with the help of numerous crossbars and ties, due to which the rafter pairs are tied together.

The device of a gable roof with hanging rafters consists of triangular trusses, the rigid form of which is not subjected to loads. It is believed that the complexity of the hanging circuit is much higher.

Do-it-yourself do-it-yourself rafter system of a gable roof is mounted without difficulty, if you correctly calculate the pitch of the rafters, that is, the distance between the rafters and the size of their cross section.

Combined

Combining the best of both systems, it is recognized as the most reliable. It is used in cases where, indoors, not walls, but columns are used as a support inside the house. Then hanging and layered rafters can be alternated to strengthen the structure with additional elements without increasing consumption building materials.

Important! A sliding rafter roof is another type of frame, which differs in that the rafter legs are installed on the Mauerlat not with a rigid mount, but using a movable support. The sliding mount allows the roof to change dimensions within the power reserve during the shrinkage of a wooden house.

Design

The device of the truss system of a gable roof of any of the listed types is a combination of auxiliary and supporting elements. They evenly distribute the weight of the roofing cake, and also compensate for the bursting and bending loads that occur between them.

The cross section, length and pitch of the rafters are determined using an engineering calculation that takes into account the weight of the roofing pie, the climatic conditions in the construction region, and the slope of the structure. In the composition of the truss frame gable roof usually includes the following elements:

Mauerlat. Mount the Mauerlat beam on the outer walls of the house, on which the roof slopes rest. It serves to relieve pressure on the supports and uniform distribution load from the weight of the roofing cake. It is made of a durable beam with a section of 150x150 mm or 200x200 mm and is attached to the upper belt of the walls using anchor bolts or long metal studs.
Sill. This is an analogue of the Mauerlat, only it is installed on internal load-bearing walls, and vertical stands must be placed on it for mounting a ridge run.
rafter legs. This term refers to the elements of the frame, which are made of boards with a cross section of 150-40 mm and are installed at an angle to the base of the roof, forming the angle of inclination of the slope. What to do the distance between the rafters, their length and thickness is determined by calculation, taking into account the total load to which they are subjected during operation.
puff. A puff is called beams that are placed horizontally and connect the legs of one rafter pair to each other in order to reduce the bursting load on the outer walls of the structure. A crossbar is a puff installed under the very ridge of the structure.
Racks. A stand is a vertical beam placed on a bench to support a ridge run. It is easy to determine what distance should be between the racks, because it repeats the step of the rafters.
Struts. Diagonally located supports that support the rafter legs in the middle or at the bottom, preventing their deflection, are called struts.

Please note that only the calculation of temporary and permanent loads to which they will be subjected during operation can determine how to properly position the elements of the truss system. Calculating the total weight of the roofing cake helps determine the correct distance between the rafters, calculate their length and the required thickness.

The calculation of the gable roof truss system is based on the fact that in the frontal dimension it has the shape of an equilateral triangle, the sides of which can be easily calculated using simple trigonometric formulas.

These simple calculations help determine the optimal distance between the rafters, their thickness and length. The design calculation is performed in the following sequence:

Determine the design and slope of the roof. Exist various ways choice of the type and slope of the roof structure. This parameter depends on climatic conditions and performance characteristics selected roofing material.
Determine the total load on the structure. To do this, they sum up the constant loads (the weight of the roofing, their weight of the frame, thermal insulation and ceilings) with the temporary loads (snow load, wind load), multiply by a correction factor that takes into account the slope of the slopes, and then add 10-15% to this figure to the frame had some margin of safety.
Calculate the length of the rafter legs. To do this, use the Pythagorean theorem, because the truss truss is an equilateral triangle. It turns out that the square of the length of the rafter leg is equal to the sum of the squares of the height of the blood and half the length of the laying. Knowing how to calculate the length of the rafters, you can calculate the height of the ridge.
Determine the section of the elements. The optimal section of the elements is selected according to the tables in accordance with the length of the rafter legs and the distance between them. The higher these indicators, the thicker the rafter should be.

Remember that before you calculate the rafters on the roof, you need to decide on the basic design parameters. In particular, it is necessary to know exactly the height of the ridge and the slope of the roof, as well as the dimensions of the room to be covered. The result of the calculation of the elements of the roof should be detailed diagram truss system, reflecting their dimensions and the angles between them.

We calculate the angle of inclination

The angle of inclination of the slopes is selected not depending on aesthetic preferences, but based on weather conditions, taking into account the roofing material. Steeper slopes of 40-45 degrees are being built in areas with large quantity snow cover, and more gentle 10-20 degrees in places with strong gusty winds.

Keep in mind that the steeper the slope, the higher the consumption of materials, the greater the total cost of the roof. Be sure to take into account the requirements of the material:

Tiles, slate require a slope of at least 22 degrees, otherwise, precipitation seeps through the joints between the elements.
The metal tile is laid at an angle of at least 14 degrees, as it suffers greatly from gusts of wind, it can deform or even fly off.
Soft roofing allows a slope angle of up to 5-10 degrees, making it possible to cover slopes of any geometry with it.
Ondulin is considered one of the most reliable materials and can even be used for roofs with a slope of less than 6 degrees.
Profiled sheets cannot be laid at an angle of less than 15 degrees, however, even slopes with an acceptable slope should be treated with a sealant for better waterproofing.

Assembly technology

Before mounting the roof frame, it is necessary to calculate the parameters of its elements, based on the calculation of the total load on the structure, and also create detailed drawing representing its results.

Having a frame diagram in front of you, it is much easier to qualitatively install the gable roof truss system. The assembly technology of the structure implies the following sequence:

First, a Mauerlat is laid on the upper belt of the outer walls, on which the slopes will rest, and a bed is mounted on the inner partitions, if the system is layered. These elements must be firmly fixed with anchor bolts or studs.
Then the rafters are fastened. They are fixed with nails to the Mauerlat, and are also interconnected using a metal lining. It is worth recalling that in the rafters they make a drink under the Mauerlat beam, and not vice versa. First, the installation of rafters located on the edge is carried out in order to set the level along which the rest of the pairs will be aligned.
After installing the rafters, auxiliary supporting elements should be installed that will support them - struts, puffs, contractions. To more securely fix the crossbar, its end is made with a protrusion half the thickness of the beam and it is hemmed to the rafters, fixing it with nails in several places.
A crate is nailed over the rafter legs, on which the roofing material is fixed. The material and pitch of the lathing is selected in accordance with the characteristics of the roofing material and the slope of the roof.

Remember that a well-designed and high-quality assembled truss system is a guarantee of strength, reliability and durability of a gable roof. Therefore, do not neglect the help of professional roofers and designers when creating a roofing design for your home.

Video instruction

When building one-story houses, a roof with two slopes is very popular. This is due to the speed of construction of the structure. In this parameter, only a single-pitched roof can compete with a gable roof. In the device, a gable rafter roof is not too complicated. And you will successfully master this work on your own.

The design of the gable roof truss system

The gable roof consists of two inclined surfaces that have a rectangular shape. Thanks to this, precipitation, which is represented by rain and melt water, flows off the roof in a natural way. The gable roof has enough complex structure. It consists of such structural units: Mauerlat, rafter system, filly, ridge, roof overhang, bed, struts, puffs, crate and racks:

Mauerlat. This element performs the functions of transferring and distributing the load created by the rafter system on the load-bearing walls of the house. For the manufacture of Mauerlat, a beam is used, which has a square section - from 100 by 100 to 150 by 150 mm. Better to use softwood. The beam is placed around the perimeter of the building and fixed to the outer walls. For fastening use special rods or anchors.
Rafter leg. Rafters form the main frame of any roof. In the case of a gable roof, they form a triangle. The rafters are responsible for the uniform transfer of loads to the Mauerlat. First of all, those that arise from precipitation, wind and the weight of the roof itself. For the manufacture of rafters, boards are used that have a section of 100 by 150 or 50 by 150 mm. Choose a rafter pitch of about 60-120 cm, depending on the type of roofing material. When using a heavy coating, place the rafter legs more often.
Skate. This element connects two slopes at the top of the roof. The ridge is formed after connecting all the rafter legs.
Filly. They act as a continuation of the rafters and form the overhang of the gable roof. It is customary to install fillies if the rafter legs are very short and do not allow an overhang to form. To make this structural unit, take a board that has a smaller section than the rafter. The use of fillies facilitates the construction of the truss system, as it allows the use of short rafters.
Eaves. This part of the design of the gable roof truss system is responsible for draining water from the walls during rain and at the same time preventing them from getting wet and quickly destroyed. The overhang protrudes from the wall, as a rule, by 400 mm.
Sill. It is located on the inner wall and serves to evenly distribute the load from the roof racks. For the manufacture of bedding, a beam is used, which has a section of 150 by 150 or 100 by 100 mm.
Racks. These vertical elements are responsible for transferring the load from the ridge to internal walls. To create this element, prepare a beam that has a square section of 150 by 150 or 100 by 100 mm.
Struts. They are needed to transfer loads from the rafters to the load-bearing walls. Struts and puffs form solid construction which is called a farm. Such a device is designed to withstand loads at large spans.
Puff. This structural unit, together with the rafters, forms a triangle. It does not allow the rafters to part in different directions.
Crate. This design consists of boards and bars. They are attached perpendicular to the rafters. Sheathing is necessary to evenly distribute the weight of the roof covering and the loads created by weather phenomena on the rafters. In addition, the crate is required to fasten the rafters together. When arranging a soft roof to create a crate, you should not use boards and bars, but moisture-resistant plywood.

Varieties of gable roof truss system

There are gable truss systems with hanging and layered rafters. Ideally, the design contains a combination of them. It is customary to install hanging-type rafters if the outer walls are located at a distance of less than 10 m. Also, there should no longer be walls between them that divide the space of a residential building. The design with hanging rafters creates a bursting force transmitted to the walls. It can be reduced if you arrange a puff made of wood or metal and place it at the base of the rafters.

The rafters and tightening form a rigid geometric figure- triangle. It is not able to deform under loads that are in any direction. The puff will be stronger and more powerful if it is placed higher. The floor beams act as puffs. Thanks to their use, the hanging rafter system of a gable roof acts as the basis for the arrangement of the attic floor.

Laminated rafters in their design have a support beam, which is located in the middle. It is responsible for transferring the weight of the entire roof to an intermediate columnar support or middle wall located between outer walls. It is recommended to install shear rafters if the outer walls are spaced more than 10m apart. If columns are present instead of interior walls, you can alternate between shear and hanging rafters.

Do-it-yourself gable truss system

The roof must be strong to withstand various loads - precipitation, gusts of wind, the weight of a person and the roofing itself, but at the same time light, so as not to put a lot of pressure on the walls of the house. A properly arranged gable rafter roof evenly distributes the load on all load-bearing walls.

Calculation of a gable roof

The choice of a gable roof slope will depend on the material you have chosen for laying on the roof and architectural requirements:

When building a gable roof, remember that it must slope at an angle of more than 5 degrees. It happens that the slope of the roof reaches 90 °.
For areas with heavy rainfall, and when the roofing does not fit snugly, steep slopes are made. In this situation, the angle should be 35-40 ° so that precipitation does not linger on the roof. But such an angle does not allow building a living space in the attic. The output will be a broken roof structure. It will have a flat upper part, and on the lower part there will be a sharp slope.
In regions with strong gusts of wind, sloping roofs are equipped. If constant winds prevail in the area, then make a slope of 15-20 ° for high-quality protection of the roofing.
It is best to choose the middle option. Equip a gable roof that is not too steep. But also the slope should not be very gentle.
When choosing a large angle of the roof, its windage increases, and, accordingly, the price of the gable roof truss system and the crate. After all, such a slope entails an increase in the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof and, accordingly, the number required material- building and roofing.

When buying materials for the construction of a gable roof, it is useful to calculate its area:

Find the area of one slope of the structure, and then double the result.
Ideally, a slope is an inclined rectangle that is placed along a long load-bearing wall. To determine the area of a slope, multiply its length by its width.
The length of the slope is equal to the length of the wall. In addition, the length of the ledge of the roof above the gable is added to the length. Remember that the protrusions are present on both sides.
The width of the slope is the length of the rafter leg. To it is added the length of the protrusion of the roof over bearing wall.

In order to properly design the structure, it is recommended to carry out an accurate calculation of the gable roof truss system, including determining the loads and characteristics of the rafters:

When erecting a roof for a standard building that has one floor, the design load on the roof will consist of two values. The first of them is the weight of the roof, the second is the load from external factors: precipitation and wind.
Calculate the weight of the roof by adding up the weight of each layer of the "pie" - heat-insulating, vapor-insulating and waterproofing materials, the rafter system, the battens and the roofing material itself. Calculate the weight per 1 m2.
Increase the result by 10%. You can also take into account the correction factor. In our case, K=1.1.
If you plan to change the design of the roof over time and increase the angle of its inclination, then include a margin of safety in the calculation. Take immediately higher load indicators than those that you received at the time of the calculation. It is recommended to build on the value, which is 50 kg per 1 m2.
When calculating the load exerted by atmospheric phenomena, take into account the climatic features of the area where the building is located. In this calculation, take into account the slope of the slope. If the gable roof forms an angle of 25 degrees, then take the snow load equal to 1.
If the roof is equipped with a greater slope - up to 60 degrees, the correction factor reaches 1.25. Snow load for an angle greater than 60 degrees is not taken into account.
The rafters transfer the entire load from the created structure to the load-bearing walls. Therefore, their parameters must also be taken appropriately. Select the section and length of the rafter leg, depending on the current load on the roof and the angle of the slope. Increase the values obtained by 50% to ensure a high margin of safety.

Mauerlat installation methods

The construction of any roof begins with the installation of a Mauerlat:

If logs or timber were used to build the walls, then the upper timber will act as a Mauerlat, as shown in the photo of the gable roof truss system.
If you used bricks to build walls, then brick the metal rods into the masonry. They must have a cut thread for attaching the Mauerlat. Install rods every 1-1.5 m. Choose rods with a diameter of at least 10 mm. Lay waterproofing between masonry and Mauerlat.
For walls made of ceramic or foam concrete blocks, pour concrete on top. Be sure to make the layer reinforced. It should have a height of approximately 200-300 mm. Be sure to attach metal rods that are threaded to the reinforcement.
For Mauerlat, use a beam that has a section of 15 by 15 cm. It will act as a kind of foundation for the truss system.
Lay the Mauerlat on the top edge of the wall. Depending on its design, the Mauerlat can be laid along the outer and inner edges. Do not place it close to the very edge, as otherwise it may be torn off by the wind.
Mauerlat is recommended to be placed on top of the waterproofing layer. To connect all the parts into one whole, use bolts and metal plates.
To avoid sagging, make a lattice of racks, struts and a crossbar. To do this, take boards measuring 25x150 mm. The angle between the strut and the leg of the rafter should be as straight as possible.
If using a rafter leg that is too long, install another support. She must lean on the bed. Each element is associated with two adjacent ones. As a result, a stable structure is created around the entire perimeter of the roof.

Rafter leg attachment

Most the best option gable roof truss system - a combination of sloping and hanging type rafters. This design allows you to create a reliable gable roof and reduce the cost of building materials. Consider the following recommendations when working:

Use only the highest quality wood as a material. Beams that have cracks and knots should not be used.
Rafters have standard sizes- 50x150x6000 mm. When the beams are longer than 6 m, it is recommended to increase the width of the board so that the beams do not break under their own weight. Take boards 180 mm wide.
First, make a template for the rafter leg. Attach the board to the floor beam and the end of the ridge beam. Having outlined two lines, saw off a board along them. The template is ready.
Cut the rafters according to this pattern. After that, do the top washed down on them.
Take the resulting workpiece, bring it to the floor beam to mark the lower cut in place.
Install all rafters. At the same time, remember that after installing one leg, you must immediately install the opposite one. So you will quickly remove the lateral loads on the ridge beam.
If the slope is too long, then standard boards will not be enough to make a rafter leg. In this case, you can splice two boards together. To do this, sew on them a piece of wood of a similar section. It should have a length of 1.5 - 2 meters. According to the diagram of the gable roof truss system, the joint should always be at the bottom. Under it, install an additional rack.
Attach the rafter leg to the ridge beam with nails. Use self-tapping screws to fasten the rafters to the floor beam. Metal mounting plates are also suitable. In addition, a few nails are added.
If you are building a structure exclusively from hanging rafters, then skip the next step. When erecting a structure with layered rafters, you need to think about the supports that are installed on their floor. To reduce the deflection of the rafters, correctly calculate the location of such supports.
If you are building a gable mansard roof, intermediate racks will become a frame for the side walls.
When performing this work, maintain a certain step of the beams. Set its size at the design stage.
After installing the rafters, attach the ridge. It is located on their upper edge. For fastening use metal corners or staples. Bolts are the most popular.

Giving structure rigidity

After installing the gable roof truss system, strengthen it using the technology below:

For small buildings, such as saunas, cottages, utility buildings, and roofs with a simple hanging rafter system, connect each pair of rafters from below with a tightening, and from above - using a crossbar.
For large buildings that are light at the same time, provide a lightweight roof. The walls must support it.
If the house has a width of 6-8 m, then the structure should be tightened. Install in the middle of the support. Such racks are called grandmas. Place them at each pair of rafter legs.
If the span of the walls reaches 10 meters, then reinforcing beams will be needed. The struts act as an additional support for the rafter legs for tightening. They are attached to each rafter - closer to the ridge or in the middle of the rafter leg. Fasten them to the bottom end of the headstock and to each other as shown in the gable roof truss video.
In a situation with long roofs, gable beams should be relieved. This is done by installing braces. The upper end should rest against the corner of the gable. The lower one is mounted on the central floor beam. For fasteners, use a beam that has a large cross section. So you can prevent them from breaking if there are strong gusts of wind.
In areas where winds predominate, the rafters must be resistant to such influences. Strengthen them by installing diagonal ties. Boards are nailed from the bottom of one rafter to the middle of the next.
For greater rigidity, when creating the most critical fasteners, it is better not to use nails. Use pads for this and metal ways fasteners. Nails will not be able to provide high-quality fastening, since the wood can dry out after some time.

Lathing of the truss system

The final stage of the construction of the gable roof truss system is the creation of the crate. It is on it that you will lay the roofing. Carry out the work in the following sequence:

Select a dry timber for the crate. It should not have cracks or knots. Nail the bars on the bottom. Attach two boards near the ridge so that there are no gaps. The lathing must withstand the weight of the top roofing material and not sag under the weight of the workers.
If you will equip a soft roof, make two layers of sheathing. One is sparse, the other is solid. The same goes for roll roofing. To begin with, parallel to the ridge beam, place boards that are 25 mm thick and no more than 140 mm wide. A small gap is allowed - no more than 1 cm. Lay a continuous layer on top. To do this, it is better to use roofing plywood, slats or boards of small thickness. After that, check that there are no errors left on the crate - bumps and knots. Also check that the nail heads are not sticking out.
Lay one layer of timber under the metal tile. It should have a section of 50 by 60 mm. Do the same when using slate or steel roofing sheets. Maintain a step between the timber, depending on the roofing you have chosen - from 10 to 50 cm. Hammer nails closer to the edges of the board, and not in the middle. Drive hats deep. So they will not be able to damage the roof later. If you are making a crate for a metal tile, then remember that the connection of the timber at the same level should fall on the rafters.

When you have installed and strengthened the gable roof truss system, you can start installing the roofing pie. Place between rafters thermal insulation material, a layer of vapor barrier and waterproofing. When using insulation in slabs, calculate in advance the pitch of the rafters for its installation. At the final stage, fasten the roofing material.

Are you just about to build your house, and are looking for an unusual and energy-saving project? Then it's time for you to think about the pitched roof, which is also called asymmetric or asymmetrical. This differs from a conventional roof in that its two slopes have different lengths or angles of inclination.

Most often, a gable roof with different slopes is implemented when it is necessary to create a single complex from a house and an extension, although recently they have begun to forget about the classic canons of roof construction and about ordinary architectural tasks. Do you want to know why? It is interesting!

American architect Frank Lloyd once said: "Great architecture is evidence of the greatness of mankind." Indeed, the evolution of the roof from ancient times to the present time is amazing. What architects of different times did not do with the roof of a residential building!

And what forms they did not create. Although the architecture of the last century is especially surprising with its diversity, where in the pursuit of unusualness, originality and madness of ideas, simple residential buildings in projects and implementation turned into real space objects.

Sometimes the embodiment of the wild imagination of the designer did not have a single recognizable architectural element - there is no roof, walls in their classical sense, too ... And at the turn of the century, the fashion for such buildings began to decline sharply - rather because of the irrationality of the constructive solutions themselves.

But humanity has benefited from this a lot: for example, with a light heart, they moved away from the unchanged classics of roof construction, taking note of new rational ideas. As a result, they began to build really beautiful, albeit unusual, roofs of private houses. For example:

placing one slope to the south;
the second at a different angle, or longer, to the north;
correctly calculating all the loads from wind and snow;
wisely organizing the interior space of the house,

Such a builder achieves much more efficiency from his creation than if he built an ordinary two-storey house under a gable roof. Those. all the minuses were reclassified as pluses, and the originality remained at its best:

As modern architects have calculated, the arrangement of just one corner above 45 degrees significantly reduces the unused area of \u200b\u200bthe house. And it's worth a lot.

You will be surprised, but in fact, the asymmetric roof is not so new. Even the ancient builders did not have in their arsenal modern computer programs and precise measuring instruments, as well as sufficient knowledge of stereometry. Therefore, they did not think for too long about how perfectly even the roof still needs to be made.

As the main measuring tool they used a long slingshot, and tied a cord and a plumb line to its ends. The slingshot was raised so that the plumb line pointed just to the middle of the end wall of the building. Next, the ends of the cord were stretched to the corners of the house. If necessary, the slingshot was raised higher or, conversely, lowered lower. As soon as the overhang was chosen, a special board was nailed to the wall of the house. A cord was attached to these harnesses. So it turned out a clear visual boundary of future roof slopes.

Difficulties arose just with the second slope of the roof. The fact is that it was difficult to place the second board at the same height as the first one, because for a long time in Russia houses were built from roundwood. It is almost impossible to distribute such walls in one plane to the horizon. Therefore, transferring the size of one board to the second was hopeless.

For more accurate measurements, a water level was already needed. Only with the help of this tool, the horizon of the future roof turns out to be relatively even, and the ridge is placed in the center. But in most cases, especially when the construction took place in a remote rural area, the locals were not spoiled with such tools, and therefore almost everything was done by eye. And yes, the slopes at the roofs were often really different.

What is even more interesting, a truly asymmetric pitched roof was also found in Ancient Russia as a separate specific type of architecture. Mostly these can be seen in wooden houses and palaces that belonged to rich people. Then it was with the help of architecture that the importance of the wealth of the owners of such buildings was conveyed:

Therefore, local architects of that time were looking for all the ways to make the same tower differ from a simple hut. Here it was already customary to cover each log house with a separate roof, even if the buildings were built by a friend from a friend.

Each ramp was guided and wrapped in a special way, with the help of a variety of possible completions. And the log cabins themselves were built different heights, from which the roofs were often noticeably sloping.

But we note that the often encountered razor-sloped roof, in which the slopes do not converge in one ridge from above, cannot be called a gable. It is rather two separate shed roofs, which are built separately and each according to its own rules.

Advantages and disadvantages of pitched roofs

What is so good about an asymmetric roof that for the sake of its benefits, many are ready to risk both the strength of the house and the durability of the roof over their own heads? Let's list them.

Uniqueness and design

The asymmetric roof always looks stylish in any terrain. In our country, after so many centuries of constant construction of towed gables, any such projects are already striking, surprising and leaving an indelible impression.

Moreover, if you want to create an absolutely unique house architecture, then the easiest way to realize your crazy idea is just with the help of such a solution as different slopes.

Profitable architecture

Note that working with an asymmetrical gable roof is more pleasant and interesting for any architect. After all, now he does not need to first draw the contours of the house - a typical rectangle, and only then fit there everything that he and his customer planned. Now there are no frames: first you design the interior space of the house, make it the way you want, and the shape that your fantasy suggested to you.

Now you place a garage, a veranda, and any gazebo near the house, and you will not need to worry about building all this on more than one foundation and attaching different roofs. Now, when your project is ready on paper, you simply draw a roof on top so that it covers everything.

And many more valuable advantages:

Most often, an asymmetric roof is built when the second floor of the house is planned to be incomplete. For example, the area of the first floor is 120 square meters, and the second - only 60. In this case, the roof covers only two or three rooms of the upper floor, and the rest of the space remains open.

Why is such construction good, and why is such a project attractive? First of all, the fact that there is already much less pressure on the foundation of such a house than that of a full-fledged two-story building. And at the same time, the foundation itself no longer needs to be built too wide, designed for extra square meters.

Often, an asymmetric roof is also used to install any necessary equipment, such as solar panels.

Elemental resistance

A pitched roof is good because with the help of such a design, problems with strong winds and snowfalls. The fact is that if almost the same wind direction prevails in a certain area, then it makes sense to build a pitched roof so that it has a gentler slope on the windy side, and steeper on the quieter side.

This approach solves the problem of distributing the load from wind and snow at a time, while it is usually difficult to decide whether to make a gabled roof, thus getting rid of tons of snowflakes, or flat, so that it does not blow off in the first storm.

The real "salvation" for the attic

The fact is that a typical attic under an ordinary gable roof is the most losing and looks unpleasant, even psychologically pressing. It's all about the geometry of the interior: the incomprehensible dark space under the very ridge completely deprives the impression of the attic as a living space, and the sharp slope of the slopes and sharp corners certainly do not give comfort.

Of course, modern designers are enterprising and cunning, and have already learned how to use all these shortcomings for good, arranging wardrobes, and organizing such a space as something profitable and stylish. If you look at such a ready-made interior design of such an attic, the so-called “wow effect” immediately arises and it seems that living in such an attic is a real pleasure.

But in fact, all this is mostly beautiful - only in a glossy picture, but in real life such an attic, as it turns out, has too little usable area. Therefore, a gable roof with different slopes is a much more optimal solution. Especially the roof, which has a displaced ridge.

In this case, the geometry of the attic is no longer so unusual, and one of the walls may well be even vertical if you lose some half a meter of sharp space under this slope without regret:

Some architects even recommend building asymmetric roofs for attic houses, namely, gable roofs with different slopes. So that the cornice would move forward and be a separate expressive architectural device. But, note, a gable roof with different slopes in 90% of cases is really built without an attic.

To make or not to make such a roof?

In fact, on the scales you have two aspects:

On the first bowl: uniqueness, design and some functional advantages.
On the second bowl: the complexity of the implementation of such projects.

Therefore, decide for yourself what is more important for you: uniqueness or simplicity, and whether you are ready to make a detailed drawing for many long hours, calculate every little thing and risk, in fact, the whole building if you do not have enough experience. But in order to be proud of yourself and have extra in the house comfortable space. Let's just say: in this regard, modern developers are becoming bolder and bolder!

Types of structures of pitched roofs

Note that the classic gable roof is the simplest design solution. Let's highlight the main types of different pitched roofs:

Asymmetrical. In this roof, the slopes are connected in the ridge and are located at the same angle of inclination. But at the same time, one slope can be much longer than the other, due to which such a roof is perceived as original and unusual. And sometimes the difference between the slopes is not great, and in such a roof, even at first glance, asymmetry is not visible.
Partially broken. Such a roof differs from the classic gable roof only in that one of its slopes has a break - to cover the extension, for example. But, despite the similarity of the design with the usual one, such a load calculation is performed differently.
asymmetrical roof. This is the most original and unusual roof, just such a roof is built when they want the room on the second floor or in the attic to be spacious, more familiar and not have dark sharp corners. In this case, one slope has a different angle of inclination and length. There are many advantages to this design, believe me.
Asymmetrical, off center. Such a roof has almost the same design as the standard one, but its ridge is now located in the center with some offset. The length of the slope and the angles of inclination of such a roof, of course, will already be different. As a result, this design is the most surprising, but at the same time has the most valuable advantages in terms of attic space, which does not have to be modest or uncomfortable.

For example, modern houses of the Solomon project are distinguished, first of all, by the fact that they have a gable roof with different slopes. And the very design of residential buildings of the Solomon type is good because here you can make your own changes, refine the design and architecture of the house.

Overview of the most successful projects and examples of construction

As you may have guessed, if you build a gable roof with different slopes, the architect does not have much choice: the slopes are the same, but at a different angle, the slopes are different in length, but at the same angle, their variations and the variant with an offset ridge. And each of these projects has its own advantages and disadvantages, which we will discuss separately.

Different angle of inclination, but equal length of slopes

In this example, the slopes have the same length, but are located at different angles: one is higher, the other is lower. This was conceived in order to place a spacious terrace on one side of the house, and a small utility block on the other. If the entire roof were as shallow as one of its slopes, then the owners of the house would have problems with the accumulation of snow. But the hozblok usually does not require a high ceiling.

Note that this option is the most sparing for designing a pitched roof and it almost does not exert different pressure on the foundation. And here's how to build a gable roof with different angles of inclination of slopes of the same length:

The only disadvantage of this option is the design. Believe me, it is much easier to calculate the slopes that are at the same angle of inclination, and it is much easier to attach them to the ridge.

Different lengths of slopes, but one angle of inclination

In this option, one of the slopes has little or much great length than the other. Like in this example:

Here one of the slopes is much longer than the other, thanks to which the roof covered not only the house, but nearby attached veranda. And at the same time, the long slope itself relies not only on the house, but also on the extension, due to which the balance in the load from the roof is maintained.

Here's another one good example the construction of such a roof, however, a longer slope here no longer covers the extension, but part of the house itself:

Another project:

But in this project, the roof of the house on one side has the same slopes, and on the other it is already different:

Slopes of various shapes and lengths

But this option is more rational in terms of evenly distributing the load on the walls of the house, because thanks to the break, there is no longer one bursting force of the truss system:

Please note that under refraction, such a roof has additional props. And keep in mind that any breaks are always the most problematic places on the roof.

The most unusual gable-sloping roofs

Such pitched roof projects no longer belong to those listed above due to their non-standard. But these are rare:

In this project, the whole point was to make a stylish and unusual room on the second floor instead of a typical corner attic. Interesting idea, don't you agree? Such cut floors exert half the pressure on the foundation, and therefore much less money needs to be spent on its construction (as well as on heating the whole house). And the foundation, as you know, costs at least 30% of the cost of building the entire house in the estimate.

And another project as an example, with one broken slope:

Gable roof with an offset in the center of the ridge

It’s already more difficult to deal with the skate, but everything is doable:

But it is especially necessary to carefully design the load from a displaced ridge on a timber structure. After all, the walls settle quite strongly in the first year, up to 15%, and therefore it is important to prevent the entire roof from skewing later:

How to build a gable roof with different slopes

So, as you already understood, a roof with different slopes is quite complex in its structure. Why is that? The fact is that such a roof rarely has a ridge in the center and, as a result, the slopes do not transfer the load evenly. That is why the architect, when working with such projects, has to carefully calculate the truss system, and with completely different formulas than usual.

So, for example, the central load will no longer come from the ridge itself, and therefore the subcortex will have to be placed a little to the side. But, at its core, the asymmetric gable roof still consists of two triangles - only this time they are not the same.

But this roof geometry also has your formula. Therefore, if you want to change something in one of the triangles, the changes will occur in the entire asymmetric roof. Keep in mind that when building such architectural delights, you will not be able to try everything on by eye. And even more so, then you will not make any changes.

So how do you still independently calculate and build an asymmetric gable roof? You will be helped by modern computer programs that are able to calculate the required pressure of the rafters on the Mauerlats and the exact location of the necessary central support. It will be difficult to calculate all this on your own, although it is possible.

So, if it's about symmetrical roof, which has just different lengths of slopes, then keep in mind that the slope that is longer puts more pressure on the entire rafter system and on the wall of the building. Due to the fact that it took more building material and more roofing. Usually, this does not play a special role for strong walls of the house, but if you are building a frame structure or walls from blocks, create an additional support for such a slope, for example, almost at the very eaves.

Just remember that a roof with different slopes is calculated using different formulas. In fact, here you will need to make two whole calculations of two shed roofs, which are simply connected together with one skate.

Distribution of loads on slopes

What we have listed is not the only option for building multi-pitched gable roofs. In fact, today architects no longer adhere to strict rules about such a design and more give vent to fantasy. Why are they valued as professionals?

Our main task is to ensure that your home is securely sheltered from precipitation and cold. And all this is achieved with the help of a well-thought-out design, and it does not have to be standard at all, like a hut or a teremok. Despite the fact that the pitched roof is a little far from the design of the classic gable roof, its truss system must also be carefully calculated.

Particular attention should be paid to the loads and their correct distribution on the walls of the building. After all, the most main mistake in private construction, when the roof is designed unusual, and even its ability to withstand wind and snow, home craftsmen calculate correctly, but the roofing is not included in the load.

What does it threaten? So far, there are not so many implemented projects with pitched roofs in our country, and therefore it is difficult to track what exactly happens to such houses in 20-30 years. There simply is no such experience. But we can assure you that there have already been cases in world practice when the load from the roof was calculated incorrectly, and as a result, the building simply collapsed over time, not to mention serious distortions. We don't want this, do we?

And this is work with drawings and computer calculations. After all, it is important to make sure that the new roof perfectly withstands any loads and is stable both during heavy snowfall and during winds.

If your architect is against

Note that today some architects are categorically opposed to the construction of a gable roof with different slopes. All due to the fact that for more than one century a gable roof in Russia was almost the only form. Today, for many professionals in their field, when it comes to the roof, symmetry is the defining element.

In the roof, they want to see unambiguous forms and clear lines that come together at the top. Note that such a smart classic gable roof is also perceived as more comfortable and more familiar, which is why customers themselves often refuse unconventional projects.

But for more advanced architects of our time, modern roofs are, first of all, new technical solutions. They are designed to improve such indicators of private construction as reliability, durability and functionality. Therefore, today the priority in terms of roof construction is not tradition and ideal geometry, but saving building materials, originality, which is now so lacking, and the most efficient distribution of useful living space.

Rafters perform a number of significant roofing functions. They set the configuration of the future roof, perceive atmospheric loads, and hold the material. Among the rafter duties are the formation of even planes for laying the coating and providing space for the components of the roofing pie.

In order for such a valuable part of the roof to flawlessly cope with the listed tasks, information about the rules and principles of its construction is needed. The information is useful both for those who are building a gable roof truss system with their own hands, and for those who decide to resort to the services of a hired team of builders.

In the device of the truss frame for pitched roofs, wooden and metal beams are used. starting material for the first option is a board, log, beam.

The second is constructed from rolled metal: channel, profile pipe, I-beam, corner. There are combined structures with steel most loaded parts and wood elements in less critical areas.

In addition to the "iron" strength, the metal has a lot of disadvantages. These include heat engineering qualities that do not satisfy the owners of residential buildings. Disappointing need for the use of welded joints. Most often, industrial buildings are equipped with steel rafters, less often private change houses assembled from metal modules.

In the case of self-construction of truss structures for private houses, wood is a priority. It is easy to work with it, it is lighter, “warmer”, more attractive in terms of environmental criteria. In addition, nodal connections do not require welding machine and welding skills.

Rafters - a fundamental element

The main "player" of the frame for the construction of the roof is the rafter, among the roofers called the rafter leg. Beds, braces, headstocks, girders, puffs, even Mauerlat may or may not be used depending on the architectural complexity and dimensions of the roof.

The rafters used in the construction of the gable roof frame are divided into:

Layered rafter legs, both heels of which have reliable structural supports under them. The lower edge of the layered rafter rests on the Mauerlat or on the ceiling crown of the log house. The support for the upper edge can be a mirror analogue of an adjacent rafter or a run, which is a beam horizontally laid under the ridge. In the first case, the truss system is called spacer, in the second, non-spacer.
hanging rafters, the top of which rests against each other, and the bottom is based on an additional beam - puff. The latter connects the two lower heels of adjacent rafter legs, resulting in a triangular module called a truss truss. The tightening dampens the tensile processes, so that only a vertically directed load acts on the walls. The design with hanging rafters, although it is spacer, does not transfer the spacer itself to the walls.

In accordance with the technological specifics of the rafter legs, the structures constructed from them are divided into layered and hanging. For structural stability, they are equipped with struts and additional racks.

For the arrangement of supports for the top of the layered rafters, beds and girders are mounted. In reality, the truss structure is much more complicated than the elementary patterns described.

Note that the formation of a gable roof frame can generally be carried out without roof structure. In such situations, the alleged planes of the slopes are formed by slegs - beams laid directly on the bearing gables.

However, we are now specifically interested in the device of the gable roof truss system, and it can involve either hanging or layered rafters, or a combination of both types.

Subtleties of fastening rafter legs

Fastening the truss system to brick, foam concrete, aerated concrete walls is made through the Mauerlat, which in turn is fixed with anchors.

Between the Mauerlat, which is wooden frame, and with walls made of these materials, a waterproofing layer of roofing material, waterproofing, etc. is mandatory laid.

The top of the brick walls is sometimes specially laid out so that something like a low parapet is obtained along the outer perimeter. So it is necessary that the Mauerlat placed inside the parapet and the walls do not burst the rafter legs.

The rafters of the frame of the roofs of wooden houses rest on the upper crown or on the ceiling beams. The connection in all cases is made by cutting and duplicated with nails, bolts, metal or wooden plates.

How to do without furious calculations?

It is highly desirable that the cross section and linear dimensions of the wooden beams be determined by the project. The designer will give clear calculation justifications for the geometric parameters of the board or beam, taking into account the entire range of loads and weather conditions. If available home master there is no design development, his path lies on the construction site of a house with a similar roof structure.

You can ignore the number of storeys of the building under construction. It is easier and more correct to find out the required dimensions from the foreman than to find them out from the owners of a shaky unauthorized construction. After all, the foreman is in the hands of documentation with a clear calculation of the loads per 1 m² of roof in a particular region.

The installation step of the rafters determines the type and weight of the roofing. The heavier it is, the smaller the distance between the rafter legs should be. For laying clay tiles, for example, the optimal distance between the rafters will be 0.6-0.7 m, and for a profiled sheet, 1.5-2.0 m is acceptable.

However, even if the step required for the correct installation of the roof is exceeded, there is a way out. This is a reinforcing counter-lattice device. True, it will increase both the weight of the roof and the construction budget. Therefore, it is better to deal with the step of the rafters before the construction of the rafter system.

craftsmen calculate the pitch of the rafters according to the design features of the building, tritely dividing the length of the slope into equal distances. For insulated roofs, the step between the rafters is selected based on the width of the thermal insulation boards.

On our website you can find, which may also help you a lot during construction.

Rafter structures of layered type

Rafter structures of the layered type are much simpler in execution than their hanging counterparts. A justified plus of the layered scheme is to provide full ventilation, which is directly related to the longevity of the service.

Distinctive design features:

Mandatory presence of support under the ridge heel of the rafter leg. The role of a support can be played by a run - wooden beam, based on racks or on the inner wall of the building, or the upper end of an adjacent rafter.
The use of Mauerlat for the construction of a truss structure on walls made of brick or artificial stone.
The use of additional runs and racks where the rafter legs, due to the large size of the roof, require additional support points.

The minus of the scheme is the presence of structural elements that affect the layout of the internal space of the operated attic.

If the attic is cold and the organization of useful premises is not supposed to be in it, then the layered construction of the truss system for the installation of a gable roof should be preferred.

A typical sequence of work on the construction of a layered truss structure:

First of all, we measure the height of the building, the diagonals and the horizontalness of the upper cut of the skeleton. When identifying vertical deviations of brick and concrete walls, we eliminate them cement-sand screed. Exceeding the heights of the log house we squeeze. By placing chips under the Mauerlat, vertical flaws can be dealt with if their magnitude is insignificant.
The floor surface for laying the bed must also be leveled. He, the Mauerlat and the run must be clearly horizontal, but the location of the listed elements in the same plane is not necessary.
We process all wooden parts of the structure before installation with fire retardants and antiseptic preparations.
on concrete and brick walls we lay waterproofing for the installation of a Mauerlat.
We lay the Mauerlat beam on the walls, measure its diagonals. If necessary, we slightly move the bars and turn the corners, trying to achieve the perfect geometry. Align the frame horizontally if necessary.
We mount the Mauerlat frame. The splicing of the beams into a single frame is carried out by means of oblique cuts, the joints are duplicated with bolts.
We fix the position of the Mauerlat. Fasteners are made either with staples to ahead of time laid in the wall wooden corks or anchor bolts.
We mark the position of the bed. Its axis should recede from the Mauerlat bars at equal distances on each side. If the run will be based only on racks without lying down, the marking procedure is carried out only for these columns.
We install the bed on a two-layer waterproofing. We fasten it to the base with anchor bolts, connect it to the inner wall with wire twists or staples.
We mark the installation points of the rafter legs.
We cut out racks according to uniform sizes, because our bed is set to the horizon. The height of the racks must take into account the dimensions of the section of the run and the bed.
Installing racks. If provided by the project, we fix them with spacers.
We lay the run on the racks. We check the geometry again, then install the brackets, metal plates, wooden mounting plates.
We install a trial rafter board, mark the places of trimming on it. If the Mauerlat is set strictly to the horizon, there is no need to adjust the roof rafters in fact. The first board can be used as a template for making the rest.
We mark the installation points of the rafters. Folk craftsmen for marking usually prepare a pair of slats, the length of which is equal to the gap between the rafters.
According to the markup, we install the rafter legs and fasten them first at the bottom to the Mauerlat, then at the top to the run to each other. Every second rafter is screwed to the Mauerlat with a wire bundle. AT wooden houses the rafters are screwed to the second crown from the top row.

If the rafter system is done flawlessly, the layered boards are mounted in random order.

If there is no confidence in the ideal structure, then the extreme pairs of rafters are installed first. A control twine or fishing line is stretched between them, according to which the position of the newly installed rafters is adjusted.

The installation of the truss structure is completed by installing the filly, if the length of the rafter legs does not allow the formation of an overhang of the required length. By the way, for wooden buildings, the overhang should “go beyond” the contour of the building by 50 cm. If the organization of the visor is planned, separate mini-rafters are installed under it.

Another useful video about the construction of a gable truss base with your own hands:

Hanging truss systems

The hanging type of truss systems is a triangle. The two upper sides of the triangle are folded by a pair of rafters, and the puff connecting the lower heels serves as the base.

The use of tightening allows you to neutralize the effect of the thrust, therefore, only the weight of the crate, the roof, plus, depending on the season, the weight of precipitation, acts on walls with hanging truss structures.

The specifics of hanging truss systems

Characteristic features of hanging type truss structures:

Mandatory presence of a puff, made most often of wood, less often of metal.
The ability to refuse the use of Mauerlat. A frame made of timber will be successfully replaced by a board laid on a two-layer waterproofing.
Installation on the walls of ready-made closed triangles - roof trusses.

The advantages of the hanging scheme include the space under the roof free from racks, which allows you to organize an attic without pillars and partitions. There are disadvantages.

The first of these is the limitation on the steepness of the slopes: their slope angle can be at least 1/6 of the span of a triangular truss, steeper roofs are strongly recommended. The second disadvantage is the need for thorough calculations for the competent device of cornice nodes.

Among other things, the angle of the truss truss will have to be set with jewelry accuracy, because. the axes of the connected components of the hanging truss system must intersect at a point, the projection of which must fall on the central axis of the Mauerlat or the lining board replacing it.

Subtleties of long-span hanging systems

Puff - the longest element of the hanging rafter structure. Over time, it, as is typical of all lumber, deforms and sags under the influence of its own weight.

Owners of houses with spans of 3-5m are not too concerned about this circumstance, but owners of buildings with spans of 6 meters or more should think about installing additional parts that exclude geometric changes in tightening.

To prevent sagging in the installation scheme of the truss system for a large-span gable roof, there is a very significant component. This is a pendant called a grandmother.

Most often, it is a bar attached with wooden surfs to the top of the truss truss. You should not confuse the headstock with the racks, because. her Bottom part should not come into contact with the puff at all. And the installation of racks as supports in hanging systems is not used.

The bottom line is that the headstock, as it were, hangs on a ridge knot, and a tightening is already attached to it with the help of bolts or nailed wooden plates. Threaded or collet type clamps are used to correct slack.

Adjustment of the tightening position can be arranged in the zone of the ridge knot, and the headstock can be rigidly connected to it with a notch. Instead of a bar on non-residential attics reinforcement can be used to make the described tightening element. It is also recommended to arrange a headstock or suspension where the puff is assembled from two bars to support the connection area.

In an improved hanging system of this type, the headstock is complemented by strut beams. The stress forces in the resulting rhombus are extinguished spontaneously due to the competent arrangement of the vector loads acting on the system.

As a result, the truss system pleases with stability with a slight and not too expensive upgrade.

Hanging type for attics

In order to increase usable space the tightening of the rafter triangles for the attic is moved closer to the ridge. A perfectly reasonable move has additional advantages: it allows you to use puffs as the basis for filing the ceiling.

It is attached to the rafters by cutting with a semi-frying pan with a duplication of a bolt. It is protected from sagging by installing a short headstock.

A noticeable drawback of the attic hanging structure is the need for accurate calculations. It is too difficult to calculate it on your own, it is better to use a ready-made project.

Which design is more cost effective?

Cost is an important argument for an independent builder. Naturally, the price of construction for both types of truss systems cannot be the same, because:

In the construction of a layered structure for the manufacture of rafter legs, a board or beam of small section is used. Because layered rafters have two reliable supports under them, the requirements for their power are lower than in the hanging version.
In the construction of a hanging structure, the rafters are made of thick timber. For the manufacture of puffs, a material similar in cross section is required. Even taking into account the rejection of the Mauerlat, the consumption will be significantly higher.

Saving on the grade of material will not work. For the bearing elements of both systems: rafters, purlins, beds, Mauerlat, attendants, racks, lumber of the 2nd grade is needed.

For crossbars and puffs working in tension, you will need the 1st grade. In the manufacture of less responsible wooden slips, the 3rd grade can be used. Without counting, we can say that in the construction of hanging systems, expensive material is used to a greater extent.

Hanging trusses are assembled in an open area next to the object, then transported assembled upstairs. To lift weighty triangular arches from a bar, you will need equipment, for which you will have to pay rent. And the project for complex nodes of the hanging version is also worth something.

Video instruction on the installation of a truss structure of a hanging category:

There are actually many more methods for constructing truss systems for roofs with two slopes.

We have described only the basic varieties that are actually applicable for small country houses and buildings without architectural ideas. However, the information provided is sufficient to cope with the construction of a simple truss structure.