How a mansard roof is built. How to make a mansard roof of various types correctly - rafter schemes

Thanks to the construction of a mansard roof, it is possible to significantly increase the usable space of a low-rise private house. However, this is a very laborious process that requires a preliminary calculation, adherence to certain rules and techniques. A well-designed roof truss system is the key to creating a comfortable, reliable, functional and durable residential building.

A good design is needed before building an attic. The appearance of the future roof should be in harmony with the general appearance of the building. There are several types of rafter frame construction, which depend on the type of roof, the pitch of the rafters and the option of the attic roof. Having opted for a specific configuration, you should know exactly what structural elements the rafter system consists of. It is the supporting skeleton of the roof, and withstands not only its weight, but also the effects of atmospheric precipitation.

Correct installation of the rafter system ensures its reliability, functionality and durability.

When creating a mansard roof project, you should:

perform the correct calculation of the load on the supporting load-bearing walls and foundation, not allowing it to be exceeded;
select high-quality thermal insulation to avoid uneven heating of the room;
choose good sound insulation thanks to the correctly selected roofing material;
choose a good waterproofing;
choose lightweight facing materials for finishing the attic space.

Mansard roof schemes

The rafter system can have an inclined or hanging structure. In hanging structures, the rafters are supported by the Mauerlat and the ridge girder. To distribute the load on the rafters, lower and upper tightenings are installed. When the length of the slope is more than 4 m, to prevent sagging in the lower part of the structure, the rafter legs are supported with racks and struts. The main advantage of this design is that all its elements are placed in unused places in the attic, which creates more free space.

The sloped structure is used in houses where a load-bearing partition is located in the middle of the building, on which the construction legs rest. A bed is laid on the internal supporting structure, which plays the role of a Mauerlat, and racks are mounted on it that hold the ridge girder. This system is used for large areas of the mansard roof of a private house, the structure of which can be seen in the photo. Heavyweight roofing materials such as slate or ceramic tiles can be used here.

There are projects of attic roofs for private houses, where both types of truss systems are used. To free up free space, the frame elements can be shifted to one of the sides, where they will be used as a basis for wall decoration, and the crossbar is suitable for ceiling cladding. In some architectural styles, beams and pillars can be used as decorative elements.

To equip a large eaves overhang, the mansard roof is made with an emphasis outside the load-bearing walls. Mauerlat is not installed here. The system is mounted using beams. A brace must be installed, special racks are cut into the floor beams, and the rafters are fixed using a reliable anchor connection and wire twists.

Structural elements of the attic roof

The roof rafter system consists of the following structural elements:

Mauerlat;
rafter legs or racks from beams;
vertical racks;
runs;
ridge bar;
lathing;
additional beams, rails and purlins.

The basis of the entire roof structure is the Mauerlat, which consists of square timber beams attached to the outer walls of the building. The remaining elements of the mansard roof frame are attached to these boards. The main purpose of the Mauerlat is to absorb and evenly distribute the entire load from the general roofing system to the load-bearing walls of the building.

Rafter legs or racks made of beams form the frame of the roof structure. For these elements, boards should be selected that are capable of withstanding the load of the roofing cake together with the outer coating. Angled purlins are used to support uprights from beams or rafter legs. The uprights hold the center of the rafters to prevent them from bending. They also provide support for the ridge bar.

To ensure the rigidity of the future roofing structure, a ridge bar is mounted on long rafter systems. The lathing is an additional wooden structure that is attached to the rafter system, and is the basis for the future roof.

Types of mansard roofs

Today, there are several options for roofs of the attic type, which have a different structure of the truss frame:

single-pitched;
gable;
broken lines consist of two or more slopes with different slopes;
hip ones have two triangular slopes on the short sides of the roof and two trapezoidal slopes on the long ones;
half-hips have two short end hips above the frontal part of the roof;
domed ones are characterized by a round or polygonal shape;
vaulted have an arc-shaped section.

A pitched roof is the easiest option to implement. They often turn to him when it is necessary to make an attic in a small country house. The most popular among other types of attic roofs of private houses, the photo clearly confirms this, is a gable roof. Its design and construction with your own hands is not difficult. Especially when it comes to the gable roof.

When choosing a sloping roof, it is possible to get a large, functional and comfortable attic room without additional work associated with the construction of walls. Today, many zealous owners of private houses prefer the rafter system of a gable roof for corrugated board, the construction of which does not need numerous technological and technical tweaks and an unreasonably high expenditure of funds for building materials.

The most difficult to install are hip, domed and vaulted mansard roofs. Their device requires a professional approach. These mansard roofs, photos of private houses clearly reflect this, have an unusual and very aesthetic design. They are characterized by a large number of sloping kinks, for which the device of valleys is performed. The rafter system diagram clearly shows the peculiarity and uniqueness of this design. The unsatisfactory condition of each of the valleys (internal corners) can pose a potential threat to the integrity of the entire roof.

Shed roof attic. Photos of successful projects

The simplest, most reliable and cheapest option is a mansard-type shed roof. The result is a custom-designed building. This type of roof is used for industrial and utility buildings. Also, it is often used for one-story small private houses. All roofing materials can be used here.

The design involves the creation of a window in the high part of the mansard roof. There is no ridge in this design, which simplifies its installation. Mauerlat is fixed on the walls with different levels, due to which the bevel is formed. The beams rest on it.

The angle of the slope should be within 35-45 degrees. The lower the slope, the more snow will accumulate on the roof surface, which will require the creation of additional supports and strengthening of the load-bearing beams. In addition, it will significantly reduce the attic space. The structure is able to withstand strong winds with the correct orientation of the roof slope, which is necessary to increase the stability of the structure.

Useful advice! If the distance between the opposing load-bearing walls is no more than 4.5 m, you do not need to mount the supporting elements, but simply lay long wooden beams on the walls. This further reduces the cost of roof erection.

This type of roof involves the use of simple elements to create ventilation of the under-roof spaces. It is enough to sew up two overhangs with a perforated soffit, or to mount a ventilation grill.

However, you should not choose a pitched roof for narrow buildings, where it is impractical to arrange the attic floor in this way.

Gable roof attic: construction features

A gable roof is the most common and rational solution that allows you to get a comfortable attic. Photos of houses with a mansard roof of this configuration confirm the demand for the design.

Do-it-yourself design and construction of a gable mansard roof does not cause any difficulties. It is formed thanks to two inclined planes (slopes) that intersect in the area of the ridge at a certain angle. Thanks to the correct choice of the optimal angle, you can create reliable protection of the building from heavy atmospheric precipitation, strong gusts of wind, excessive snow pressure during heavy snowfalls.

There are varieties of the configuration of the rafter system of gable skylights:

The symmetrical gable roof is the classic option, which makes it possible to evenly distribute the load on the load-bearing walls and roof support. The disadvantage of this design is the presence of sharp corners that take away the free space of the attic;
an asymmetrical roof is a non-standard design, where the ridge can be displaced to one side. If one of the corners is more than 45 degrees, you get a fairly spacious attic room. However, the calculations should take into account the uneven distribution of the load on the Mauerlat and load-bearing walls.
a sloping mansard roof has a slope surface that bends in the middle, forming edges that resemble two rectangles.

Mansard roof rafter system. Drawings of the classic version

When the question arises of how to make a mansard roof of a house with your own hands, you should choose the most simple and practical option for further operation. Therefore, for private houses, preference is given to sloping roofs.

This design allows not only to create a large attic space, but also, thanks to the overhangs that go down quite low, to protect the upper part of the building walls and the foundation from precipitation. In addition, this is a good solution for creating an original exterior of a private house.

Related article:

How to choose the right material. How to avoid common mistakes at work. Do-it-yourself phased work.

The angle of inclination of a sloping roof depends on the region, climatic conditions and the choice of roofing material. The classic sloping mansard roof, the drawing of which clearly reflects this, has a ratio of the slope of the upper slopes to the floor plane of 30 degrees, and the lower ones - 60 degrees. The angle of inclination of the side surfaces can vary from 45 to 80 degrees.

Useful advice! For regions where strong winds are characteristic, it is better to arrange flat roofs. Because the larger the slope, the more windage it creates.

Taking these data, the parameters of the house as a basis, and the fact that the ceiling height in the attic should not be less than 2 m, all parameters can be calculated. In the classic version, the load on the side surfaces from precipitation can be disregarded, since they will be held in the upper part of the roof.

Calculation of the attic roof

On specialized sites, you can find a do-it-yourself drawing of a broken mansard roof for a small house. It can be taken as a basis for performing future calculations, which includes the calculation of the attic room, loads, elements of the rafter structure and the amount of building materials.

To calculate the attic roof, you can use the many years of experience of specialists who have repeatedly erected a classic sloping roof and can tell you what material should be used. It is on this that many parameters of the rafter frame depend. The calculation of the required amount of lumber to create a rafter system is reduced to determining the height and width of the spans, and, accordingly, the number of wooden bars, which is multiplied by their height.

The step between the rafters depends on the width of the insulation, which should be 3 cm less than the width of the insulation material in order to reduce the amount of waste and simplify its installation. Boards for rafter legs are also selected taking into account the thickness of the insulation material. In the case of using basalt wool with a thickness of 200-250 mm and creating the required ventilation gap of 20-30 mm, the minimum board width is 230 mm. The thickness of the rafters must be more than 50 mm.

For beams and racks, you should choose a beam with parameters 100 × 100 mm, which will create a strong and reliable structure, even for areas in difficult weather conditions.

To calculate the amount of insulation and roofing materials, mathematical formulas are used to determine the areas of geometric shapes, from which a certain type of attic roof is formed.

Today, on the Internet, you can perform an online calculation of the attic roof. To begin with, the type of attic roof, the scheme of the rafter system, insulation and roofing material are indicated, and the requested geometric parameters are entered. To obtain a more accurate result, you should use the services of a specialist who will not only calculate all the loads and sizes of building elements, but also tell you which material is better to choose.

Skylight windows

The attic differs from ordinary rooms in that its walls are a rafter frame, which consists of certain roofing surfaces, which is clearly shown in the drawings of attic roofs. This also affects the design of the window for a given room, which must transmit natural light well, and at the same time hold the load in the form of strong gusts of wind or heavy precipitation. This is due to the fact that the influence of weather conditions on the sloped part of the roof is much stronger than on the massive load-bearing elements of the building.

Important! According to SNiP, the window area must be at least 10% of the total floor area.

The window in the attic roof, the photo clearly shows this, can be located in the plane of the roof, obliquely or vertically, or be at the end of the attic. Vertical windows in the plane of the roof can be protruding above it (dormer), or recessed into the room.

The most popular and easiest to install is a sloped window in the roof plane. It is able to let in as much natural daylight as possible. After its installation, the roof surface does not change, but remains flat. However, this option requires the creation of proper waterproofing of the junction. Here you should use special models with reinforced glass and a reinforced plastic frame.

The area of the window opening is selected in proportion to the angle of inclination of the roof. The width of the window should be selected so that the element fits into the distance between the rafters without violating the integrity of the structure. If the window is much wider, then you will have to install a reinforced beam that will connect the cut rafters to install the window. In this case, if one narrow window is not enough, it is better to install two adjacent narrow elements, which will ensure the integrity of the rafter frame.

To install a dormer window, the geometry of the roof must be complicated, namely, the installation of side and upper valleys is required, followed by their thorough waterproofing. Also, the installation of the roofing becomes more difficult.

It is advisable to arrange a vertical window recessed into the room only when the exit to the balcony is carried out through it. In other cases, these are unjustified significant financial costs (complication of the geometry of the roof) with a minimum effect (insufficient natural light).

The simplest, most practical and cheapest option is to install a window at the end of the roof. This is especially true for country houses with a mansard roof.

Mansard roof installation methods

The device of the roof truss system can be carried out in two ways. The first option involves the collection of the rafter frame on the ground, followed by lifting it ready-made up the house and solidifying it. The method is effective for small-sized structures.

How to make a mansard roof correctly with the collection of part of the rafter system on the ground? Previously, at the top of the building, the extreme structures are vertically exposed and fixed, which will later be gables. You can temporarily fix them using long beams nailed to the wall. In the Mauerlat, recesses are created with a given pitch, where the assembled structure will be mounted. To ensure the correct geometry and create rigidity of the structure, its elements can be secured with spacers. When the installation of the side beams is completed, and the entire system acquires the necessary rigidity, the spacers can be removed. The video of the installation of the rafter system of the gable roof attic will clearly show all the features of this option.

The second option is more traditional. It involves the installation of a mansard roof in place, observing a strict sequence of actions. This method is the most convenient and effective when erecting a large-sized truss system. Because to raise the assembled structure up, you will need to attract specialized equipment.

How to build a mansard roof in the traditional way?

Some of the subtleties in the technology of erecting mansard roofs for private houses depend directly on its type. However, the sequence of actions is similar for all types of mansard roofs.

Before making a mansard roof, it is necessary to lay the Mauerlat in the longitudinal direction on the load-bearing walls, and fix it on the masonry or armored belt using pins or wire rod. The rafter structure of the mansard roof of a wooden house can be attached to the upper crown, which will act as a Mauerlat.

The construction of a mansard roof begins with the installation of floor beams. They are attached to the Mauerlat. Then construction legs are attached to the beams. In the center of the beams, the places of installation of the supports and the ridge element should be noted.

Observing the same distance, you should mount the racks from the boards, securing them with corners. The first pair of uprights is held together with wooden blocks. The rafters should be mounted on the formed U-shaped structure. They can be installed on the Mauerlat or by cutting a groove on the floor beam.

Next, you should proceed to the installation of ridge rafters, which are connected using metal plates or bolts with washers. To create the necessary rigidity of the structure, it is necessary to attach struts to the central part of the side rafter and the rack, and to mount the beams in the center of the tightening. The installation of other trusses with a distance of 60-100 cm is carried out in the same way. They are fastened to each other using girders.

With the help of brackets, all nodes of the attic structure are fixed, and final strength is given to it. After that, the lathing should be mounted, which can be solid or sparse, depending on the version of the roofing.

If shingles, asbestos-cement flat slate or roll material are used, a continuous batten should be made. It is installed in two layers. The lower deck consists of 20 cm thick beams, laid in 30 cm increments. The upper deck, which consists of 20 × 50 cm planks, is nailed in relation to the lower layer at an angle of 30-45 degrees.

For clay tiles, asbestos-cement slate, steel, metal coating, a rarefied type is used. For this, the installation of bars is performed, with a section of 5 × 5 cm and a step of 20-30 cm, from the eaves up perpendicular to the rafters. On the overhang, it is necessary to install a flooring of wooden planks about 70 cm wide. This process can be clearly seen in the photo of the gable roof truss system under the metal tile.

Mansard roof insulation technology

Insulation of the attic roof of a private house allows not only to insulate the attic, but also to create proper thermal insulation of the entire roofing system so that it will serve for many years.

As part of the mansard roof insulation scheme, there is a set of measures, which include the creation of heat, hydro and vapor barrier. On top of this roofing cake, roofing material is laid, which protects the entire structure from negative environmental factors. To protect the insulation from the negative effects of condensate, which reduces its thermal insulation properties, it is necessary to protect it from the roofing material. For this, one of the proposed sheet materials can be used:

waterproofing film, which is attached from the outside to the rafters. It should not touch the insulation material, therefore it is cut off from it by a crate or counter battens;
diffusion membrane ̶ is attached to the insulation and protects it from any moisture attack.

Useful advice! The waterproofing material should be laid with a slight sag, excluding the possibility of pulling it.

The waterproofing layer must be spread across the rafters. Start at the bottom. The first row is lowered into the gutter. Each next must be rolled out with an overlap of 10-12 cm. Thus, you should reach the ridge. There, the material along the upper edge is cut off and fixed on both sides. A strip should be rolled out along the ridge, which descends from both sides of the roof to the gutter itself, which ensures uniform water drainage.

A layer of vapor barrier in the form of a membrane is a reliable protection of the insulation against penetration of steam from the room into its thickness. The material is also overlapped and attached to the joists with staple staples. All joints and junction points should be carefully glued using a special double-sided vapor-tight tape.

Useful advice! There is a bold line on the vapor barrier film, from which it is necessary to start the next layer. Following along it, the canvases are fastened with adhesive tape.

Important rules for insulating a mansard roof

When the question arises, which insulation is better for a mansard roof, there is no definite answer. However, due to the fact that the attic roof is characterized by a large angle of inclination, you should not use soft materials that will cake and slide off the surface.

Roll insulation must be laid from the bottom up. To do this, use a construction stapler and lace. When unrolling the roll, the material is pressed against the slats. The letter Z is drawn with the help of a lace and staples. Using this technology, each layer of insulation is attached.

It is better to give preference to slabs with a density of 30-50 kg per cubic meter. m. In this case, the pitch of the rafters will have to be adjusted to the size of the insulation, which should be 10-15 mm less than the width of the insulation board. This is required so that the material can become swivel without the formation of gaps and is well retained between the beams. If the width is less or more, it will be necessary to cut the material. It is not always possible to create an even cut, and in addition, a large amount of residues remains. The slabs should be positioned in such a way that the seams of the previous row overlap with the next.

The insulation is laid in such a way as to ensure the minimum number of cold bridges. In addition, the rest of the material can be laid on the strips of the required width filled from the side of the room. A vapor barrier is laid on top of a layer of insulation and a crate is made for future finishing. This option, where even the rafters overlap, almost completely eliminates the formation of cold bridges. Despite the fact that a little more insulation material will be required, the attic will ultimately turn out to be warmer, which will make it possible to reduce the cost of heating the room.

Important! Cold bridges contribute to the formation of moisture in the roofing cake. This can lead to rotting of rafters, swelling of heat-insulating material, corrosion of metal structural elements, and the appearance of unpleasant odors inside the room.

How to properly insulate a mansard roof: progress of work

There are two ways to insulate a roof: from the inside or from the outside. When using the first option, you can postpone the implementation of interior decoration for a certain period. The second option involves a full range of works, which allows for a quick completion of construction.

How to insulate an attic roof from the outside? To do this, it is necessary to prepare the surface of the rafters by cleaning it from protruding elements that can damage the layer of hydro and vapor barrier. From the inside of the room, across the rafters, it is necessary to fill the crate on which the insulation will be located. Instead of lathing, you can attach galvanized wire or cord.

From the side of the roof, an insulating layer is mounted on this crate in compliance with the above rules. The thickness of the mansard roof insulation must be more than 100 mm. A superdiffusion membrane is placed on top of the insulating material. Next, you need to fill the crate, on which the roofing will be laid.

Now, from the inside of the room, it is necessary to fix and glue the vapor barrier layer. Next, you can proceed with the interior decoration. This type of roof insulation is considered the easiest to perform. Thermal insulation boards can be easily installed on the previously created crate.

The technology of insulating the attic roof with your own hands from the inside is carried out in two stages. The first required step is as follows:

The waterproofing layer is rolled out and fixed on the rafters.
The crate is stuffed.
Roofing material is being installed.

After completing the mandatory list of works, you can postpone the insulation of the attic roof indefinitely, which may be due to the lack of financial capacity at the present time.

The second stage is less convenient to execute. The mansard roof will be insulated from the inside. Here it is necessary to create a fencing structure that will hold the insulation and prevent it from being pushed out more than is possible. To do this, planks are stuffed between the lags with a step of 40-50 cm. They will not only hold the insulation, but also create the necessary ventilation gap.

Next, the installation of the heat-insulating layer is carried out in compliance with all the rules. A crate is stuffed onto it. Next, you need to position and stick the vapor barrier membrane. After that, you can start finishing work. To do this, you can mount the crate, or you can do without it.

Varieties of insulation for the attic roof. Which insulation is better?

Today, there are several options for insulation for a mansard roof:

mineral wool;
expanded polystyrene;
polyurethane foam;
Styrofoam;
glass wool;
isovert;
ecowool.

The most popular material is mineral wool, namely basalt. This relatively inexpensive material is available in a convenient thickness and sufficient rigidity. It retains heat well, is not flammable and does not rot. However, she is afraid of moisture. Therefore, in order to ensure the preservation of all technical and operational properties, it must be carefully protected from all sides.

Polyfoam has good performance characteristics, which enable it to create good thermal insulation. The price of the material is relatively low. It is easily mounted between the rafters of the rafters due to its elasticity and due to the fact that plates of the required size can be purchased. All joints should be sealed with polyurethane foam.

Useful advice! During combustion, it is capable of emitting harmful substances, therefore it is better to give preference to self-extinguishing brands where special additives are used.

The material is not afraid of moisture. It does not conduct steam, which is the main disadvantage of foam. In this regard, it is necessary to create a good ventilation system in the attic, which will lead to additional financial costs.

The best characteristics are possessed by extruded polystyrene foam, the thickness of which is two times less than that of mineral wool, and one and a half times than that of polystyrene. The material is equipped with a system of locks, which eliminates the formation of cracks. Fungus and mold do not form on EPSP, rodents and insects do not like it. However, it does not allow steam to pass through, which requires a good ventilation system. Another disadvantage is the high cost of the material.

Recently, a new type of insulation has appeared - expanded polystyrene foam. It is applied to the surface in liquid form, filling all the cracks. At the same time, having entered into a reaction with oxygen, it increases several times in size, forming a monolithic coating.

Useful advice! The use of expanded polystyrene foam will correct the situation in the absence of a waterproofing layer during the installation of the roof covering.

Another new generation insulation material is ecowool, which has good characteristics. However, its application requires adherence to a special technology. Loose cotton wool is supplied under pressure into a closed cavity, filling all voids and forming a solid, integral layer of insulation. To organize a closed cavity, sheet material in the form of plywood, gypsum fiber board or fiberboard is nailed to the rafters from below and from above.

A distinctive advantage of this material is its ability to conduct steam. Here the humidity is regulated in a natural way, which does not require the organization of a vapor barrier. However, a ventilation gap must be created between the insulation and the roof, where air masses move.

Today, among the possible projects of houses with an attic roof, you can choose the most acceptable and attractive option, and bring it to life for your own private home. To make a house visually beautiful and aesthetic, it is necessary to seriously approach the issue of choosing the type of attic roof, which should be in harmony with the structure of the building. A competently arranged roof truss system is capable of flawlessly performing all its operational and protective functions, which will create a warm, cozy and comfortable room.

Creating a mansard roof with your own hands step by step. Video instructions

A modern attic is a room with sloped or partially sloped walls, and sometimes a ceiling. Due to the presence of an attic in the house, heat loss is significantly reduced, and any living space cannot be superfluous. So, the attic usually serves as a wonderful guest room, library, workshop, study and spacious dressing room.

Moreover, the construction of a gable roof attic can be either classic, with straight slopes, or its separate type - broken, more convenient and modern. And each option has its own advantages!

You will be surprised, but under the concept of a gable roof, amazing discoveries can be hidden in the form of an offset center, different angles and other architectural tricks. The potential is huge, while, for example, pitched and hipped roofs are the least suitable for arranging an attic.

Generally speaking, there are only two main types of gable roof roofs:

Option # 1 - attic under a classic gable roof

Here is the simplest example of a mansard roof structure. So, along the load-bearing walls, the lower part of the slope is fixed, presented in the form of right-angled triangles. Collect them like layered rafters, and additionally tie them in fights. Moreover, one of the lateral sides is the future frame for the walls of the attic room and, at the same time, the support post. And the hanging rafters connect the upper part of the roof with a tightening.

In general, an ordinary gable roof with gables is also suitable for the construction of an attic room. Then what is the constructive difference between a conventional gable roof and a sloping gable roof, which is also called a mansard roof? The fact is that when calculating and designing a rafter system, the first to take into account the following parameters:

Roofing material weight.
The weight of the rafter system.
Climatic features of the area.

But when designing a mansard roof, there are as many as five of these points:

Roofing material weight.
The weight of the rafter system.
The weight of the materials that are included in the roofing cake: heat, hydro and vapor barrier.
The weight of all elements of the interior decoration of the attic.

"Right" roof windows

A little complexity, in turn, is introduced by skylights - you can't do without them. In the case of a broken attic roof, everything is simpler, the windows are made straight and do not interfere especially during construction. But for a classic gable roof, they will have to be built inclined, which is a lot of trouble.

Skylights are good because the light from them spreads evenly throughout the room and there are no deaf side compartments. Depending on the shape of the roof itself, these can be straight, inclined and in combination.

How to convert an ordinary roof into an attic?

Often, an already existing gable roof is converted into a mansard roof. This is because, even at the construction stage, they decided to save money and finish the coveted under-roof dwelling over time. Moreover, many really do this and everything works out.

Let's just say: it's still better to design an attic roof at the stage of foundation design, it is both technologically more intelligent and reliable, even if this season you will not insulate and decorate it. But since we decided to remodel the already finished gable - and this is possible. For example, another option will not work if you have purchased an already finished house.

So, when reworking, first of all, calculate the weight of the future attic roof and the bearing capacity of the existing foundation. In simple terms, you need to make sure that the foundation has been built with a margin and is ready to support a little more weight than it is now.

The second step is to invite a specialist to look at the attic floor. Is it calculated that furniture will stand on it and people will walk? And the fact that you step into the attic without fear does not mean anything. Most types of roofing are also designed for the fact that from time to time a human foot will step on them - repairs need to be done, but not constantly. Is everything calculated and can you start construction work? Then let's move on.

The most important task now before you is deciding whether you will change the shape of the roof. Yes, sometimes you have to raise the slopes and make a broken one out of the classic gable roof. This process is laborious, but everything is realizable. Reinforce the standard pitched roof with triangular trusses, which can be conveniently attached both to the roof and as separate elements.

And, the most crucial moment of the reconstruction is the redistribution of the load. So, beams and rafters are reinforced with overlays, which are connected by racks. Then puffs are attached to the struts and reinforced rafters. And if the load from the roof is dispersed on the floor beams (this is often the case when roof trusses are located with a small step), then all these changes will help to change the direction of the load on the entire roof.

Interestingly, there are open elements in the construction of modern attic roofs: beams, parts of internal rafters and similar elements. All this effectively fits into the chosen style of the interior, and for construction you do not need to worry, as if what is left in plain sight after finishing.

What is the interior? Firstly, we are talking about a style like French Provence. It welcomes bare wood beams with a combination of pale white ceiling and walls, natural fabrics in small flowers and the same environmentally friendly wooden furniture in dark colors. Nowadays in vogue! And even a huge beam in the middle of the attic is not capable of damaging this style. After all, as you remember, it was the French architect who came up with the idea of using the under-roof space as a living space, and therefore such constructive little things are quite harmoniously combined with the Provencal style, and sometimes they also act as the main style accents.

The second no less popular style is hi-tech. Here, you can and should safely display any elements of the rafter system made of metal. The main thing is that only the metal itself is shiny and of high quality, with the same fastening. Additionally, leave in sight the pipes of the ventilation system and any other engineering elements, if they look quite aesthetically pleasing. After all, this style of interior is technical. Who likes this? Today's teenagers, programmers and any young people who are already turned away from sugary classics in interiors or boring rude minimalism.

Here is a small excursion into the world of modern design. Do not be surprised, but such a familiar attic has just such a story - initially creative people and bohemians lived in such premises. And in part this tradition has been preserved to this day. Therefore, if you are designing a house with a mansard roof, and are worried about the presence of additional supports, beams or racks - of course, feel free to leave it, because this is not a living room.

But what is often forgotten about when designing an attic roof. It's a staircase! No matter how ridiculous it may sound, it also happens that already during the construction process you have to do double work. Don't miss this moment!

More and more people are resorting to self-erecting houses.

There are many reasons for this, and each is guided by its own motives.

But the main thing is savings, of course, subject to knowledge of the matter.

Building his own house for every man should become a must-have attribute of success.

Investing your savings in real estate is the surest thing to do. The house will stand for decades and will only increase in value over time.

Of course, a lot depends on the design of both the internal and external parts of a residential building.

For a high-quality construction, you will need to study the technology of erecting a mansard roof. Another important skill, knowledge of carpentry. Or you can study the instructions yourself, which describe in detail the entire project of work. You should also pay attention to the fact that there are different.

Getting started with the construction, you need to be puzzled by the following questions:

What are the best materials to use when building a mansard roof?
How many stages of work do you need to complete?
How many people do you need to help build?
What kind of attic would you like to build?

It is best to plan the construction of an attic, installing a gable roof with a broken line, so you can get the largest possible area of the future room.

Before starting any construction it should be developed. While working it out, take the numbers indicated in the calculations seriously, even the slightest mistake can lead to future damage, both to the roof itself and to the walls of the house.

So how do you make a mansard roof? This article will help you answer this question.

For soft roofs, solid;
Discharged for slate.

Naturally there are certain rules for installing a soft roof, here they are:

If the pitched corner of the roof is located in the range from 5 to 10 °, then the roof looks like a solid flooring, special waterproof plywood or boards are used;
When the slope of the roof is between 10 and 15 °, in this case the roof is made of a bar with dimensions of 45 × 50 millimeters and with a step of 45 cm;
If the value of the inclined angle is more than 15 ° for the lathing a bar of 45 × 50 mm is used, but with a step of 600 mm;
For the ridge attachment area mount an additional beam.

Sheathing for a soft roof

Installation of Mauerlat and truss system

Mauerlat is laid after work has been carried out to level the attic and place the flooring.

Thanks to the placement of the Mauerlat around the perimeter of the attic all oblique angles can be corrected.

Bars are used as material... The thickness is matched to the edges of the walls.

You should be especially careful when placing the Mauerlat under the curtain rail.

Make sure that the structure is non-thrust, because you cannot add additional elements. We'll have to disassemble part of the outer masonry of the wall and raise the inner part of the wall.

Installing Mauerlat

Insulation installation

It is necessary to insulate the attic space if you are going to settle it down. First of all, it is worth deciding on the material used in quality. The best solution would be special basalt slabs..

The density of the insulation is needed at least 30-40 km per cubic meter otherwise its subsidence in the future is inevitable. And the thickness is 150 mm. Also, a special film is installed in the roof to protect it from getting wet.

Step-by-step installation of insulation

Installation of battens and counter battens

After the base has been installed, it must be installed to strengthen the structure. This is necessary if the inclined angle is large..

The counter grill is installed from small beams, which are superimposed on top of the main lathing, already on the installed waterproofing layer... When installing a counter-lattice between the roof and the base, a ventilation space is formed, which makes it possible to increase the service life.

Installation of the lathing

Installation of waterproofing and vapor barrier

A broken roof with your own hands requires the installation of waterproofing. To protect the roof from moisture penetration between the roof and the base a special layer of roofing material or film is laid... The counter grille helps better ventilation in order to get rid of the vaporization effect.

The most common evaporative protection system is a three-layer structure - a hydro-barrier.

Reinforced grill. It is woven from polyethylene fibers.
Anti-condensation or porobarrier.

Waterproofing is installed on rafters or lathing.

Installation of waterproofing

Types of roofing materials and their installation

The market offers a large selection of roofing materials for every taste. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Any builder first of all looks at the cost of the roof, then at its quality and service life.

Roofing material

Conclusion

The construction of a mansard roof requires special diligence and painstaking work if you want to get a high-quality and final result. You will have to put in a lot of energy, not only physical, but also moral.

It will take a smart approach to work to complete without problems. Faced with a number of obstacles, most of the owners turn to the help of hired workers. But on the other hand, what can bring more pleasure as not done high-quality work with your own hands?

Useful video

In this video, you will learn how to assemble a mansard roof:

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Today, more and more often people prefer to settle in their own home, where they can create full comfort and coziness for the whole family. It is even better when this house is created according to its own design and with its own hands. However, in this case, it is necessary to know every nuance from the laying of the foundation to the construction of the roof. This type of gable roof allows you to create additional residential square meters for arranging a living room, bedroom, study or other room. In this article, we will consider the device of a gable roof attic, and the step-by-step process of its construction.

general information

Remember. All instructions are for informational purposes only. For the construction of the roof, we advise you to use the services and advice of specialists, because each case is specific.

Before you start building a house, you need to make the entire project and drawing of the roof with ready-made dimensions, roof height, number of slopes, etc. In this example, we will consider the construction of a classic gable roof attic, which is the most popular in our time.

Today you can find different types of gable roof skylights.

A) and B) classic gable roofs;

B) a broken roof with a variable inclined angle;

D) a pitched roof with outboard consoles;

E) a two-tiered roof with offset support spikes.

However, you can develop your own project, which would suit your parameters and requests as much as possible.

Attention! Before starting work, you can calculate the approximate cost of work and the amount of materials for the construction of the roof. To do this, we have specially developed online applications on our website:

Mauerlat installation

The bars of the Mauerlat serve as a reliable support for the future truss structure, which will securely fix the entire frame.

Mauerlat must be used where the rafters are tilted. If the roof is of a gable type, then we install the Mauerlat on both sides, if the roof is hipped, then along the perimeter of the entire roof.

It is most correct to use a monolithic pouring of concrete with pins of the required length and 1 cm thick for fastening the Mauerlat. In order for the pins to securely fix the Mauerlat beams, they must protrude 3 cm above the concrete.

Important! The Mauerlat beams must be selected based on the load of the entire roof. In our case, we use a section of 10x10 cm, but 15x15 cm and 20x20 cm are also available.

To determine the pitch between the studs, it is necessary to calculate where the joints of the rafters and the Mauerlat will be located so that there are studs between these joints. If the stud rests against the rafter or its cutout, this will not only weaken the structure, but can also lead to cracks on the board. For example, if the step between the rafters is 1 meter, then we also use a step of 1 m between the studs, only in the center between the two rafters.

A double layer of waterproofing (roofing felt) must be laid on the studs before installing the Mauerlat. On each beam for the studs, we drill through holes opposite each stud. We use nuts and washers to fix the stud and Mauerlat.

Advice! Mauerlat beams can be fixed to the brick walls to the studs that are inserted into the masonry at the stage of building the box.

Diy gable roof rafter system

Before proceeding with the installation of the rafters, we need to make a template for all the rafter trusses.

To do this, we climb out to the top of the house, where we connect the boards at the desired angle and fix them with a crossbar and mark for future cutouts near the wall and Mauerlat. After that, on the ground, we begin assembling the trusses with their subsequent lifting and installation on the roof.

First of all, we begin the installation of the extreme rafters 4 meters long (3.5 meters from the stop to the ridge and 0.5 meters will go to the slope), which should be at the same level and strictly symmetrical if the roof is gable as in our example. At the time of installation of the two extreme rafters, they must be strengthened for reliability with two braces as in the photo below and a corner below. We use a plumb line for the horizontal position of the first extreme rafters. We pull a thread between them, along which we will install other rafters in level.

Next, we proceed to the installation of special racks that will transfer the weight to the walls through the rafter structure. For fixing, metal corners were used, which we fix with 6 wood screws on each side of the stop.

Construction of a gable roof attic video with a step-by-step photo report

Now we begin to assemble the rafter structure throughout the frame. After installing the rafter leg, we fix it on the other side with a second stand. To increase the strength at the bottom, between the two posts, we install a wooden wedge, as shown in the photo below. For fixing, it is best to use long wood screws or metal studs with a diameter of 12 mm.

On the outer rafters, we install 2 crossbars for the rigidity of the structure, fix them with metal plates and wood screws.

At the top of the triangle, we install a boss, between it and the crossbar, an upper beam will be installed, on which the entire roof truss structure will be installed. The upper beam performs a load-bearing function for the rigidity of the entire frame.

If the length of the roof exceeds the length of the beam, then to lengthen it, you can use a retainer made of two pieces of edged boards 40-50 cm long, which are fixed with metal studs.

On the extreme rafters, we install a second support for the rigidity of the structure, which we fix from below with a metal corner, and from above to the rafter with wood screws.

We install two crossbars from each rafter board along the perimeter of the frame; we use metal studs for fixing.

In the upper part, to fix the connection of the rafters, we use an iron corner and metal studs. This stage is very important for the future rigidity and reliability of the building structure. At the joints of the rafters, if they fall on the supporting beam, then it is necessary to carefully cut each rafter board with a hacksaw and make a recess.

The roof slope behind the wall should be at a distance of at least 50-60 cm so that snow does not blow in there, and slanting rain does not fall.

Finished roof structure.

Insulation of a gable roof attic and waterproofing

In order for the attic to have comfortable living conditions, it must be insulated. Today, various materials can be used for insulation, foam, mineral wool, etc. Also important is waterproofing, which excludes the collection of condensate, as well as the ingress of moisture into the room in case of roof leaks.

To fix the waterproofing, you can use special brackets or nails, which are fixed to the rafter structure with a pitch of 10-15 cm from the outside and then fastened with counter-lattice bars.

Important! The presence of a gap between the roof and the counter-lattice is necessary to exclude the formation of condensation and reduce the heat-shielding properties of the roof.

We turn to thermal insulation using special mineral wool from URSA with a thickness of 15 cm. The roll width is 60 cm, in this case, if the rafter spans are narrower than this distance, then it will be necessary to cut sheets of the required size across. Roof insulation is an important and responsible process.

When erecting such a complex structure as a mansard roof with your own hands, you should take into account a lot of various factors. First of all, you need to choose the type of roof, of which there are many. Next, you need to draw up a project with the calculation of the rafter system, the slope of the slopes, the roof area and the amount of materials required for its construction.

The roof is being erected according to certain technologies, which cannot be disturbed. We will talk about how to make a full-fledged attic floor in a country house in this article.

Types of mansard roofs

Before we begin to figure out how to properly build a mansard roof, let's see what types of such structures are. Such roofs differ in the shape and number of slopes, their angle of inclination, the type of roofing material used, as well as the degree of insulation. The choice of this or that type of roof depends on a variety of factors: the architectural solution of the house as a whole, the climatic zone in which the building is located, the financial capabilities of its owners, etc. The attic, in principle, is allowed to be arranged under the roof of any design.

Mansard roofs are:

Single slope. This is the easiest type of roof to build. There will be only one full-fledged wall under the pitched roof in the attic room;
Gable. The device of a mansard roof of this type is also not particularly difficult. Its disadvantage is not too large usable area. After all, the corners of the room under the gable roof form an unused "blind" zone;
Gable broken lines. This option is much more convenient in terms of the arrangement of the living space;
Hipped. Such a roof is arranged in square buildings. The hipped roof has four slopes of the same size;

Hip roof dormer is arranged in square houses

Hip. It is also a four-pitched mansard roof. Instead of gables, slopes are provided in the design. The hip roof is also very convenient for arranging an attic under it;
Multi-pliers. Such roofs have a very complex configuration;
Pyramidal, conical, domed. Roofs of this type are installed on buildings with complex shapes.

A roof of any design can be converted under the attic

There is also a mansard-type roof proper. Its design involves the removal of the slopes far enough outside the building itself on special consoles.

On a note: With their own hands, most often a gable broken roof is arranged under the attic. The technology of its construction is quite simple, and as a result the premises are quite spacious.

How to calculate the roof

In order to calculate the amount of roofing material, insulation, waterproofing and vapor barrier films, you should first of all determine the area of the future roof. It is especially difficult to perform the necessary calculations if the roof is broken and has a complex configuration. At the same time, a diagram of the attic roof is drawn and divided into simple geometric shapes. Next, the area of each figure is calculated. The results are added up.

The area of a triangle is calculated by the formula S = (bxh) / 2, where b is the length of the base of the triangle, h is its height. The formula for calculating the area of a trapezoid is S = ((a + b) / 2) xh, where a and b are the bases of the trapezoid, h is its height. The circle formula is S = nxr 2, where r is the radius of the circle. Number n = 3.14

Mansard roof. Drawings allow you to easily calculate the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe roof

The used roofing material. Manufacturers always indicate what the minimum and maximum angle of inclination is acceptable for a particular type;
Climatic conditions. The mansard roof with your own hands is arranged taking into account the region in which the building is located. The steeper the angle of inclination, the greater the load on the roof will be from the wind. But at the same time, the load from snow and ice on the roofing cake and rafters will be less;
The purpose of the building. The construction of the attic roof in our case should be developed taking into account the fact that in the future it will be a living space. Therefore, it is recommended to choose an angle such that the height from the floor beam to the top point of the roof is at least 2.5 m, taking into account the thickness of the heat insulator and sheathing.

The installation of the attic roof is continued by installing the lower (layered) rafters. A bar with a section of 50x150mm is suitable for them. Previously, it is worth making a template from a not too thick board. One end of it is applied to the Mauerlat, and the other to the girder. Next, mark the shape of the saw and cut it out. The rafters are cut according to this template.

To install the upper (hanging) rafters, mark the center of the roof. At the same time, a temporary stand is nailed to the Mauerlat and an extreme tightening is set. Next, a template is prepared from the board and the ends of the upper rafters are cut out along it. In the center, they are fastened together with metal plates. Then you need to put hanging racks (timber 25x150mm). After that, the lower rafters are reinforced with struts (board 50x150 mm) and the gables are sewn up.

For fastening all elements of the rafter system, galvanized corners, self-tapping screws and nails are used.

Lathing

Mansard roof designs can include a wide variety of roofing materials. Very often you can see roofs made of metal or corrugated board. A sparse lathing can be installed under them. When using roll materials, a continuous one is mounted.

The lathing of the attic roof can be solid or sparse

Waterproofing and installation of roofing material

The roof of the attic with your own hands will turn out to be reliable only if high-quality waterproofing is arranged. Most often, a super diffusion membrane is used to protect roofs. They begin to mount it from the bottom. At an angle of inclination of the roof from 15 to 30 g, the overlap between the rows of the film should be about 25 cm, with an angle of more than 30 g - 15-20 cm. The film is attached to the rafters by means of special brackets. A counter lattice is stuffed on top of the film. The roofing material is attached to it.

The roofing material is mounted on top of the waterproofing film

Important: During installation, make sure that the film is not stretched. The material should sag slightly. Thus, ventilation of the roof space is provided.

Warming

Subject to all insulation technologies, you will get a mansard roof suitable for arranging a living space. With your own hands, the heat insulator is usually mounted from the inside of the room. In the case of installing insulation from the outside, the attic is cladding from the inside beforehand. After the laying is completed, in order to prevent the slabs from falling out, they are covered with wire from below, fixing it to the rafters.

Insulation of the roof of houses with an attic. Photo of basalt wool between the rafters

On a note: Most often, mineral wool is used to insulate attics. It fits between the rafters more densely than foam. As a result, the appearance of cold bridges is excluded.

Vapor barrier and cladding

The attic of a gable roof is arranged with the obligatory use of a vapor barrier material. On top of the cotton wool, it is necessary to stretch the isospan with foil inside the room. Above it, a counter-lattice is stuffed under the cladding. Thus, ventilation is arranged. From the inside, the attic is sheathed with plasterboard, clapboard or plywood.

Thus, a reliable mansard roof can be erected with your own hands. The video below presents the process of installing a roofing pie with the installation of insulation outside.

As you can see, the procedure for erecting a mansard roof is quite technologically complex. However, it is still possible to arrange additional living space in the country house with your own hands, with a little effort.