The decoration of the Russian hut is the 16th century. Internal arrangement of the Russian hut

The Russian hut has always been okay, solid and original. Its architecture testifies to loyalty to centuries-old traditions, their endurance and uniqueness. Its layout, structure and interior decoration have been created over the years. Not many traditional Russian houses have survived to this day, but they can still be found in some regions.

Initially, huts in Russia were built of wood, partially burying their foundations underground. This ensured greater reliability and durability of the structure. Most often there was only one room in it, which the owners divided into several separate parts... An obligatory part of the Russian hut was a stove corner, for the separation of which a curtain was used. In addition, separate zones were allocated for men and women. All corners in the house were lined up in accordance with the cardinal points and the most important among them was the eastern (red) one, where the family organized the iconostasis. The guests were supposed to pay attention to the icons immediately after entering the hut.

The porch of the Russian hut

The architecture of the porch has always been carefully thought out; the owners of the house devoted a lot of time to it. It combines excellent artistic taste, centuries-old traditions and the ingenuity of architects. It was the porch that connected the hut with the street and was open to all guests or passers-by. Interestingly, the whole family, as well as neighbors, often gathered on the porch in the evenings after hard work. Here guests and owners of the house danced, sang songs, and children ran and frolicked.

In different regions of Russia, the shape and size of the porch was radically different. So, in the north of the country, it was quite high and large, and the southern facade of the house was chosen for installation. Thanks to this asymmetrical placement and the unique architecture of the facade, the whole house looked very original and beautiful. It was also quite often possible to find a porch set on pillars and decorated with openwork wooden posts. They were a real decoration of the house, making its facade even more serious and solid.

In southern Russia, the porch was installed from the front of the house, attracting the attention of passers-by and neighbors with openwork carvings. They could be either two steps or with a whole staircase. Some homeowners decorated their porch with a canopy, while others left it open.

Canopy

To keep in the house maximum amount heat from the stove, the owners separated the living area from the street. The canopy is exactly the space that guests immediately saw when entering the hut. In addition to keeping warm, the canopy was also used to store rocker arms and other necessary things; it was here that many made cupboards for food.

To separate the canopy and the heated living area, a high threshold was also made. It was made to prevent the penetration of cold into the house. In addition, according to centuries-old traditions, each guest had to bow at the entrance to the hut, and it was impossible to go inside without bowing before the high threshold. Otherwise, the guest would simply hit the jamb naked.

Russian stove

The life of the Russian hut revolved around the stove. It served as a place for cooking, resting, heating and even bathing procedures. Steps led upstairs, there were niches in the walls for various utensils. The firebox has always been with iron barriers. The device of the Russian stove - the heart of any hut - is surprisingly functional.

The stove in traditional Russian huts was always located in the main zone, to the right or left of the entrance. It was she who was considered the main element of the house, since they cooked food on the stove, slept, she heated the whole house. It has been proven that food cooked in the oven is the healthiest one, since all the useful vitamins are preserved in it.

Since ancient times, many beliefs have been associated with the stove. Our ancestors believed that it was on the stove that the brownie lived. Garbage was never taken out of the hut, but burned in a furnace. People believed that in this way all the energy remains in the house, which contributes to an increase in the family's wealth. It is interesting that in some regions of Russia they steamed and washed in the oven, and also used it for treatment. serious illnesses... Doctors of that time argued that the disease could be cured simply by lying on the stove for several hours.

Stove corner

It was also called "woman's corner", because it was to make all the kitchen utensils. He was separated by a curtain or even wooden partition... Men from their family almost never came here. A huge insult to the owners of the house was the arrival of a strange man behind the curtain in the stove corner.

Here women washed and dried clothes, cooked food, treated children and wondered. Almost every woman was engaged in needlework, and the most calm and convenient place for this there was just a stove corner. Embroidery, sewing, painting - these are the most popular types of needlework for girls and women of that time.

Shops in the hut

In the Russian hut, there were movable and fixed benches, and already from the 19th century, chairs began to appear. The owners installed fixed benches along the walls of the house, which were secured with supplies or legs with carved elements. The stand could be flat or tapered towards the middle; carved patterns and traditional ornaments were often present in its decor.

There were also mobile shops in every house. Such benches had four legs or were installed on blank boards. The backs were often made so that they could be thrown to the opposite edge of the bench, and carved decor was used for decoration. The bench was always made longer than the table, and was also often covered with a thick cloth.

Male corner (Konik)

He was to the right of the entrance. There definitely was wide shop which was fenced on both sides wooden planks... They were carved in the shape of a horse's head, which is why the male corner is often called "conic". Under the bench, the men kept their tools for repairs and other men's work... In this corner, men repaired shoes and utensils, and also weaved baskets and other wickerwork.

On a bench in the men's corner sat all the guests who came to the owners of the house on a short time... It was here that the man slept and rested.

Women's corner (Sereda)

It was important in female destiny space, because it was because of the stove curtain that the girl went out during the show in smart attire, and also waited for the groom on the wedding day. Here women gave birth to children and fed them away from prying eyes, hiding behind a curtain.

Also, it was in the women's corner of the house of the guy she liked that the girl had to hide the overwrap in order to get married soon. They believed that such a whitewash would help the daughter-in-law make friends with her mother-in-law more quickly and become a good housewife in a new house.

Red corner

This is the brightest and most important corner, since it was he who was considered a sacred place in the house. According to tradition, during the construction, he was given a place on the east side, where two adjacent windows form an angle, thus the light falls, making the corner the brightest place in the hut. Icons and embroidered towels were sure to hang here, as well as the faces of ancestors in some huts. Be sure to put in the red corner big table and took food. Freshly baked bread was always kept under the icons and towels.

To this day, some traditions associated with the table are known. So, it is not advisable for young people to sit on the corner in order to start a family in the future. Bad omen leaving dirty dishes on the table or sitting on it.

Our ancestors stored cereals, flour and other products in senniki. Thanks to this, the hostess was always able to quickly prepare food from fresh products. In addition, additional buildings were envisaged: a cellar for storing vegetables and fruits in winter, a cattle shed and separate structures for hay.

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The hut in the form of a cage wooden block of various configurations is a traditional Russian dwelling for the countryside. The traditions of the hut go back to dugouts and houses with earthen walls from which they gradually began to rise cleanly wooden log cabins without external insulation.

The Russian village hut was usually not only a house for people to live in, but a whole complex of buildings that included everything necessary for the autonomous life of a large Russian family: living quarters, storage rooms, rooms for livestock and poultry, rooms for food supplies (haylings), workshop premises, which were integrated into one fenced and well-protected peasant yard. Sometimes some of the premises were integrated under a single roof with the house or were part of a covered courtyard. Only baths, revered as a habitat evil spirits(and sources of fires) were built separately from the peasant estate.

For a long time in Russia, huts were built exclusively with the help of an ax. Such devices as saws and drills appeared only in the 19th century, which to some extent reduced the durability of Russian wooden huts, since saws and drills, unlike an ax, left the structure of the tree "open" for moisture and microorganisms to penetrate. The ax "sealed" the tree, crushing its structure. The metal was practically not used in the construction of the huts, as it was quite expensive due to its artisanal mining (swamp metal) and production.

Since the fifteenth century, the central element of the interior of the hut was the Russian stove, which could occupy up to one quarter of the living area of ​​the hut. Genetically, the Russian oven goes back to the Byzantine bread oven, which was enclosed in a box and covered with sand to keep it warm longer.

The construction of the hut, verified over the centuries of Russian life, did not undergo strong changes from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. To this day, wooden buildings have been preserved, which are 100-200-300 years old. Main damage wooden housing construction Russia was inflicted not by nature, but by the human factor: fires, wars, revolutions, regular property limits and "modern" reconstruction and repair of Russian huts. Therefore, every day there are fewer and fewer unique wooden buildings, adorning the Russian Land, having their own soul and unique originality.

Russian hut, hut, house in the village, natural landscape with a picture wooden houses- a subject for inspiration for many artists. It is easy to depict a Russian hut using drawing. simple lines and geometric shapes, so a child can draw it. And if you add more realistic details, shadows and perspective, you can create a real masterpiece. In this lesson we will learn how to draw a Russian hut outside and inside with all its components. So, let's begin!

Hut outside

To begin with, we will learn how to draw a Russian hut outside in stages. For clarity, each new detail in the image will be highlighted in red. You can do all the work with a simple pencil.

Stage 1
We draw the general outlines of the future house. Two oblique lines at the top are the roof, and three lines are the foundations and walls of the house.

To get it symmetrically draw a vertical line through the top of the roof and the middle of the base of the house. Next, build lines to the right and left relative to the center.

Stage 2
Now let's move on to the roof indicated above in red. Let's circle the lines as shown in the picture.

Stage 3
Every home has a foundation on which the rest of the structure stands. Let's draw the base in the form of a rectangle.

Stage 4
To make it clear that the house is made of logs, draw circles located one above the other near the right and left walls.

Stage 5
Traditionally, one or two windows are drawn in the image of a house. And as we look at the house from the front, we see the third window of the attic, sharpened from above in the shape of the roof.

Stage 6
Let's draw the shutters in the form of rectangles and draw the attic windows, as shown in the image below.

Stage 7
Let's draw two main windows. Drawing windows will be described in detail later in this tutorial.

Stage 8
The windows in the Russian hut were decorated decoratively. They painted flowers on shutters, nailed patterns carved from wood. Draw decorative planks over the windows, as shown in the figure. And, of course, what kind of hut is without a pipe - let's draw a pipe.

Stage 9
Let's depict the plank and stone surface of the house.

The house is ready! It looks interesting.

Draw with a pencil

There are techniques for drawing with a pencil, so in this part of the lesson we will separately consider how to draw a Russian hut with a pencil. Use the basics of construction from the first part of the lesson, add details from your imagination, swap them, the main thing here is to depict the house with a pencil.

We draw the general outlines of the house with a thin line.

We outline the lines of the roof, as shown in the picture. You can press harder on the pencil, or overlay one stroke on another.

Better to circle at the end of the drawing, in case you have to erase with an eraser.

Draw windows and logs over the wall line.

We draw the details: shutters, pipe, boards and threads on the cut of the logs.

The surface of the logs is rounded, so a shadow forms at the junction between them. Draw the shadow with light shading.

A glare forms on the protruding part of the logs - this place should remain light. Paint over the twists of the logs so that the shading is a little lighter than the shadow. This will give the volume.

Now we will complete the drawing. In the same way, as shown above, we will depict chiaroscuro on the windows, roof, pipe and other details that will be in your drawing. We will depict the sky and the grass with strokes - the closer to the viewer, the less often the grass will be, and vice versa. You can experiment, the main thing is that the lines are light and confident.

The decoration of the Russian hut

In this part of the lesson, we will learn how to draw a Russian hut inside.

Create perspective. Draw 2 rectangles, one inside the other, and connect the corners as shown in the picture. The size and position of the rectangles depends on what kind of room we want to end up with.

We arrange objects. In the Russian hut we see a stove, a bench, shelves for dishes and other things, a cradle, a spindle and an icon. To correctly arrange objects in perspective, you need to draw lines parallel to the main ones shown above. It is not difficult, the main thing is to draw the lines exactly and imagine how it will look as a result.

Add chiaroscuro to the finished room. Imagine where the light comes from and which surface remains light. Let's see in what places the shadow from objects will fall. To show wooden surface inside the house we depict the relief of the board due to the shadow.

Red corner

The red corner in the Russian hut is a place with an icon of a table and a bench. Let's see how to draw the red corner of the Russian hut.

Draw the room in perspective, as shown above. Add a table and a bench to the room.

In the corner of the room, closer to the ceiling, draw a rectangle - this will be an icon. Draw an arc from the bottom of the rectangle, draw a circle on top and paint over the background around them. We draw a shelf under the icon. If you wish, you can draw the icon in more detail.

Bake

It remains to consider in detail how to draw a Russian stove in a hut and windows. We draw a stove.

We draw the oven according to the laws of perspective described above.

We draw a stove with small details.

Professional drawing.

Window

In conclusion, let's see how you can draw the window of a Russian hut.

The carving on the windows can be a pattern, or any other image. Can be part of the shutter, or attached separately.

Threads can be in volume, projection, or flat.

For drawing a window, you can take into account the season in order to depict drawings on shutters similar to the weather, patterns on glass from frost, if, for example, it is winter. You can connect a pattern with a finished thread.

The Russian hut is one of the symbols of our country, a traditional type of housing that has its own characteristics. Now, of course, real Russian huts can be seen only in museums, collections of historical buildings or in some villages. Let's see what differences this type of house has.

Initially, all huts were log cabins. Our ancestors built from what was at hand, and there were always a lot of forests in Russia. A small log house with one room, that is, four walls and a stove, or rather, a hearth in the center - that's the whole hut. Moreover, often such structures were dug into the ground, becoming semi-dugouts, because our ancestors worried about the preservation of heat in winter. Let us remind you that at first the huts were smoked, heated without a chimney.

The floors in the huts were earthen. In general, the design of the traditional Russian log house was gradually improved. Appeared window openings, which initially did not exist, a semblance of a foundation, the hearths were replaced by stoves with chimneys.

It should be noted that Russian huts were very different depending on the region. This is understandable, because in the southern regions the requirements for housing were slightly different, and the materials were found completely different from those in the northern latitudes.

It is customary to distinguish the simplest four-walled huts, huts with a fifth wall, which divided the interior space into an upper room and a canopy, cross-huts, which were distinguished by a hip roof, six-walled huts.

The porch became an invariable part of the hut later, but today even modern Russian houses rarely do without this small open annex, which became the prototype for much more spacious outdoor terraces and glazed but unheated verandas.

It is very difficult to imagine a Russian hut without a yard. Usually this is a whole complex of outbuildings with very different purposes. At a distance from the hut there could be sheds for storing firewood and tools, a cattle shed, a barn, a stable. In the northern part of our country, there were covered courtyards that united this complex of outbuildings under one roof, allowing you to get into the barn without fear of rain and snow.

Traditionally, huts were built from spruce, pine and larch, because the trunk conifers met all the requirements, was tall, slender, and amenable to processing with an ax. At the same time, old and diseased trees were not cut down for building a house - only for firewood, high-quality logs were required for a residential building. For the roof, they used hew or shingles; in the southern regions, straw or reeds were often used on the roof.

The interior, if this word is appropriate in relation to the hut, which was mainly of a practical nature, of course, was simple, but the decor elements were still present. For example, an embroidered towel on the icon in the "red" corner, carved details. But the hut was very far from the abundance of decorative elements of the Russian estate.

The Russian stove could occupy a very solid part main room, where they cooked food, and ate with the whole family, and slept, and talked. If for modern houses The Russian stove is, rather, a whim, then in the hut it became the center of the whole life of a large family.

The modern log house can be called a descendant of the traditional Russian hut. This is always an attractive option for building a house, albeit more expensive than a "frame", but solid and solid.

In the morning the sun was shining, but only the sparrows screamed a lot - a sure sign of a blizzard. In the twilight, heavy snow fell, and when the wind rose, it was so dusty that it was impossible to see the outstretched hand. It raged all night, and the next day the storm did not lose its strength. The hut was covered with snow to the top of the basement, on the street there are snowdrifts of human height - you can't even go to the neighbors, and you can't get out at the outskirts of the village, but you don't really need to go anywhere, except for firewood in the woodshed. There will be enough supplies in the hut for the whole winter.

In the basement- barrels and tubs with pickled cucumbers, cabbage, mushrooms and lingonberries, bags of flour, grain and bran for poultry and other animals, lard and sausages on hooks, dried fish; in the cellar potatoes and other vegetables are poured into the piles. And there is order in the barnyard: two cows are chewing hay, which is littered with a tier above them to the roof, pigs grunt behind a fence, a bird slumbers on a roost in a chicken coop fenced in in the corner. It's cool here, but no frost. Made of thick logs, thoroughly buried walls do not allow drafts and keep warmth of animals, dung and straw.

And in the hut itself, I don't remember the frost at all - a hotly heated stove cools down for a long time. But the kids are bored: until the blizzard ends, you won't be able to play outside the house, run around. The kids are lying on the beds listen to the fairy tales that the grandfather tells ...

The most ancient Russian huts - until the 13th century - were built without a foundation burying it in the ground by almost a third - it was easier to save heat this way. They dug a hole in which they began to collect log crowns... The plank floors were still far away, and they were left earthen. On a carefully tamped floor a hearth was laid out of stones. In such a semi-dugout, people spent winters with domestic animals held closer to the entrance. Yes, and there were no doors, and a small entrance hole - just to squeeze through - was covered from the winds and cold weather with a shield of half-timbers and a cloth canopy.

Centuries passed, and the Russian hut got out of the ground. Now it was placed on a stone foundation. And if on pillars, then the corners rested on massive logs. Those who are richer they made roofs from timber, the poorer villagers covered their huts with shingles. And the doors appeared on forged hinges, and the windows were cut through, and the size of the peasant buildings increased markedly.

We are best familiar with the traditional huts as they survived in the villages of Russia from the western to the eastern limits. This a five-wall hut, consisting of two rooms - a vestibule and a living room, or a six-wall, when the living space itself is divided into two by another transverse wall. Such huts were set up in villages until very recently.

The peasant hut of the Russian North was built differently.

In fact, the northern hut is not just a house, but a module for complete life support for a family of several people during the long, harsh winter and cold spring. Sort of spaceship for fun, the ark, traveling not in space, but in time - from warmth to warmth, from harvest to harvest. Human housing, housing for livestock and poultry, storage of supplies - everything is under one roof, everything is protected by powerful walls. Is that a wood shed and a barn-hayloft separately. So they are right there, in the fence, it is not difficult to break a path to them in the snow.

Northern hut was built in two tiers. Lower - economic, there is a barnyard and a storehouse of supplies - basement with a cellar. Upper - housing for people, upper room, from the word above, that is, high, because above. The warmth of the barnyard rises, people have known this since time immemorial. To get into the upper room from the street, the porch was made high. And, climbing on it, I had to overcome a whole flight of stairs. But no matter how the snowdrifts piled up, they would not notice the entrance to the house.
From the porch, the door leads into the entrance hall - a spacious vestibule, it is also a transition to other rooms. Various peasant utensils are kept here, and in the summer, when it gets warm, they sleep in the entryway. Because it's cool. Through the passage you can go down to the barnyard, from here - door to the upper room. You just need to enter the room carefully. To keep warm, the door was made low and the threshold high. Raise your legs higher and do not forget to bend down - you will knock a bump on the lintel for an hour.

A spacious basement is located under the upper room, the entrance to it is from the barnyard. They made basements with a height of six, eight, or even ten rows of logs - crowns. And starting to engage in trade, the owner turned the basement not only into a storehouse, but also into a village trade shop - he cut through a counter window for buyers into the street.

They built, however, in different ways. In the museum "Vitoslavlitsy" in Veliky Novgorod there is a hut inside, like an ocean ship: per street door passages and transitions to different compartments begin, and in order to get into the upper room, you need to climb the ladder-ladder to the very roof.

You cannot build such a house alone, therefore, in the northern rural communities, a hut for young people - a new family - was built the whole world. All the villagers built: they chopped together and they drove the wood, sawed off huge logs, laid crown after crown under the roof, together they rejoiced at what was built. Only when wandering artels of artisan carpenters appeared, did they begin to hire them to build housing.

The northern hut looks huge from the outside, but there is only one living room - an upper room with an area of ​​twenty meters, or even less. Everyone lives there together, old and young. There is a red corner in the hut, where icons and a lamp are hanging. The owner of the house sits here, and guests of honor are invited here.

The main place of the hostess is opposite the stove, called kut. A narrow space behind the stove - zakut. This is where the expression “ huddle in a cubbyhole "- in a cramped corner or tiny room.

"It's light in my room ..."- sung in a song popular not so long ago. Alas, for a long time it was not at all like that. For the sake of keeping warm, the small windows in the upper room were chopped off, they were tightened with a bull or fish bubble or oiled canvas, which hardly let the light through. Only in wealthy houses could one see mica windows. Plates of this layered mineral were fixed in figured bindings, which made the window look like a stained glass window. By the way, there were even windows made of mica in the carriage of Peter I, which is kept in the collection of the Hermitage. In winter, ice plates were inserted into the windows. They were carved on a frozen river or frozen in a mold right in the yard. It came out lighter. True, it was often necessary to prepare new "ice glasses" instead of melting ones. Glass appeared in the Middle Ages, but how construction material the Russian village recognized him only in the nineteenth century.

Long time in rural, yes, and in urban the stove huts were laid without pipes... Not because they did not know how or did not think of it, but all for the same reasons - as if better to keep warm. No matter how you block the pipe with dampers, the frosty air still penetrates from the outside, chilling the hut, and the stove has to be heated much more often. The smoke from the stove entered the upper room and went out into the street only through small chimney windows under the very ceiling, which were opened for the duration of the firebox. Although the stove was heated with well-dried "smokeless" logs, there was enough smoke in the upper room. That is why the huts were called black or smoked.

Chimneys on the roofs of rural houses appeared only in the 15th-16th centuries, yes, and even then where the winters were not too harsh. Huts with a pipe were called white. But at first, the pipes were not made of stone, but they were knocked out of wood, which often became the cause of a fire. Only at the beginning 18th century Peter I by special decree ordered in the city houses of the new capital - St. Petersburg, stone or wooden, to put stoves with stone pipes.

Later, in the huts of wealthy peasants, except Russian stoves, in which food was prepared, those brought to Russia by Peter I began to appear Dutch ovens comfortable with their small size and very high heat dissipation. Nevertheless, furnaces without pipes continued to be laid in northern villages until the end of the 19th century.

The oven is the warmest sleeping place- couch, which traditionally belongs to the oldest and youngest in the family. Stretches between the wall and the stove wide shelf- polati. It is also warm there, so they put on the bed sleeping children. Parents sat on benches, or even on the floor; bedtime has not come yet.

Why were children in Russia being punished, put in a corner?

What did an angle mean in itself in Russia? Each house in the old days was a small church, which had its own Red Corner (Front Corner, Holy Corner, Goddess), with icons.
It was in this Parents put their children in the Red Corner so that they pray to God for their misdeeds and in the hope that the Lord will be able to bring the disobedient child to reason.

Russian hut architecture gradually changed and became more complex. There were more living quarters. In addition to the vestibule and the upper room, appeared in the house Svetlitsa is a really bright room with two or three large windows already with real glasses. Now most of the family's life took place in the parlor, and the upper room served as a kitchen. The light room was heated from back wall ovens.

Well-to-do peasants shared a vast a residential blockhouse of a hut with two criss-cross walls, thus blocking off four rooms. Even a large Russian stove could not heat the entire room, and here it was necessary to put an additional one in the room farthest from it Dutch oven.

Bad weather rages for a week, and under the roof of the hut it is almost inaudible. Everything goes on as usual. The hostess has the most trouble: milking the cows early in the morning and pouring grain for the birds. Then steam the pig bran. Bring water from a village well - two buckets on a yoke, a pound and a half in total weight, yes, and you have to cook food, feed your family! The kids, of course, help in any way they can, it has been the custom since olden times.

Men have less worries in winter than in spring, summer and autumn. The owner of the house is the breadwinner- works tirelessly all summer from dawn to dawn. He plows, mows, reaps, threshes in the field, chops, saws in the forest, builds houses, catches fish and forest animals. As the owner of the house works, his family will live all winter until the next warm season, because winter for men is a time of rest. Of course without male hands a rural house is indispensable: fixing what needs to be repaired, chopping and bringing firewood into the house, cleaning the barn, making a sleigh, and arranging a dressage for the horses, taking the family to the fair. Yes, in the village hut there are many things that require strong man's hands and ingenuity, which neither a woman nor children can do.

Felled skillful hands the northern huts stood for centuries. Generations changed, and the ark houses still remained a safe haven in the harsh natural conditions... Only the mighty logs darkened with time.

In museums of wooden architecture " Vitoslavlitsy " in Veliky Novgorod and " Malye Korely " near Arkhangelsk there are huts, the age of which has passed for a century and a half. Scientists-ethnographers were looking for them in abandoned villages and ransomed from the owners who had moved to the cities.

Then they carefully disassembled transported to the museum territory and restored in its original form. This is how they appear before numerous excursionists who come to Veliky Novgorod and Arkhangelsk.
***
Cage- rectangular one-room log house without outbuildings, most often 2 × 3 m in size.
Cage with a stove- hut.
Basement (basement, basement) - the lower floor of the building, located under the crate and used for economic purposes.

The tradition of decorating houses with carvings wooden platbands and others decorative elements did not arise in Russia from scratch. Originally wooden carving, like Old Russian embroidery, was of a cult character. The ancient Slavs applied to their home pagan signs designed to protect housing, to provide fertility and protection from enemies and natural disasters. It is not for nothing that stylized ornaments can still be guessed at signs denoting sun, rain, women raised their hands to the sky, sea ​​waves, depicted animals - horses, swans, ducks or a bizarre interweaving of plants and outlandish flowers of paradise. Further, the religious meaning of wood carving was lost, but the tradition of giving the various functional elements of the facade of the house an artistic look has remained to this day.

In almost every village, village or city you can find amazing examples of wooden lace decorating a house. Moreover, in various areas there were completely different styles wood carving for house decoration. In some areas, mostly blind carving is used, in others it is sculptural, but mostly houses are decorated slotted thread, as well as its variety - a carved decorative wooden invoice.

In the old days, in various regions of Russia, and even in different villages, carvers used certain types of carving and ornamental elements. This is clearly seen if we consider the photographs of the carved platbands made in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In one village, certain elements of carving were traditionally used on all houses, in another village, the motives of carved platbands could have been completely different. The farther these settlements were from each other, the more they differed in outward appearance carved platbands on the windows. The study of old house carvings and architraves in particular gives ethnographers a lot of material to study.

In the second half of the 20th century, with the development of transport, printing, television and other means of communication, ornaments and types of carving, previously inherent in one region, began to be used in neighboring villages. A widespread mixing of woodcarving styles began. Looking at the photographs of modern carved platbands located in the same settlement, one can be surprised at their diversity. Maybe this is not so bad? Modern cities and towns are becoming more vibrant and unique. Carved platbands on the windows modern cottages often incorporate elements of the best examples of wood decor.

Boris Rudenko. For more details see: http://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/21349/ (Science and Life, Russian hut: an ark among the forests)