Milk mushrooms: description, application, photos, recipes. How to grow forest mushrooms in the country

And valuable forest mushrooms - porcini, boletus, boletus, boletus, chanterelles and milk mushrooms, which, unfortunately, do not grow on logs and beds with sawdust. They develop only in collaboration with living forest trees and are called mycorrhizal fungi. Their mycelium envelops the roots of the tree and takes root in them, forming a fungus root, or mycorrhiza.

It turns out growing forest mushrooms available on summer cottage, of course, if there are at least a few birches, aspens, pines or oaks on it. When breeding mycorrhizal fungi without suitable tree there is no way to do it.

So, how to grow forest mushrooms in your country house?

There are several ways to do this.

For sowing boletus or boletus boletus, you can bury ground young mushrooms in the root zone. They consist of filaments of mycelium that can penetrate the roots of birch or aspen. Such a simple method allows you to breed even porcini mushrooms on the site over time.

It is even easier to scatter pieces of young mushrooms collected in the forest under the trees in rainy weather and cover them with leaf litter. With regular moistening of the soil in this place, the first few mushrooms can be harvested the next year.

Another option for growing forest mushrooms is sowing mycelium from spores. At the same time, the soil around mature trees is watered with a suspension of ground mature mushrooms. Add 1 tbsp to the solution. tablespoons of gelatin and food flour. The spores of the fungus germinate and create mycorrhiza in the next season, and bear fruit in two to three years.

By the way, this technique is used by some avid mushroom pickers, equipping "their" forest plots. At the summer cottage, it is less suitable - not enough forest trees... But if there are birch or aspen chops near you, then it is quite possible to create a mushroom plantation.

A more laborious option is to transplant small trees (at least three) from the forest to a summer cottage, next to which the necessary mushrooms have already grown. In this case, the harvest will have to wait for several years. However, this method is ideal for taming a butter dish that ripens from May to mid-September.

At a summer cottage, the easiest way to grow a forest mushroom is an oil can. He is quite fertile, prefers calcareous soil, diffused light and the neighborhood of pines, and not only in the forest, but also on the edge. You only need to find trees with abundant fruiting of this forest mushroom and mark them with braid or pegs. Pay attention that inedible competing mushrooms, for example, yellow-legged moss, very similar to oil cans, do not grow nearby.

Young pines tolerate transplanting well. Place trees on the lawn or among berry bushes. In dry weather, regular watering is required. The first mushrooms will appear 3-4 years after planting the pines. But in the subsequent oiler begins to bear fruit all season. The first wave of mushrooms, as a rule, occurs in mid-May, the second - at the beginning of June, then mushrooms appear every three weeks.

We all know how the white mushroom is tasty, and how sometimes it is difficult to find it in the forest. It turns out that there is a way out. In this article we will look at cultivation porcini mushroom, as well as sowing porcini mushrooms, how to sow mycelium, how to care for planted mushrooms.
White mushroom is quite justifiably considered the most valuable among many other edible mushrooms. It has a unique taste and smell, and its distinctive features are a large fleshy cap and a thick swollen leg. The color of the mushroom is white, the pulp does not darken even during cooking and harvesting, which is why, in fact, it got its name.

Cultivation of porcini mushroom.
First choose appropriate place... As already mentioned, trees should grow on the site, preferably young, although this condition is not necessary. As practice shows, it is best to choose trees from 10 to 20-30 years old for replanting.
When a place is found, you need to take care of the seed, which is usually used as the fruiting bodies of the porcini mushroom, in particular, the cap. The mushrooms that will go to the mycelium must be sufficiently mature (this can be determined by the greenish color of the flesh at the break).
Sowing porcini mushrooms.
First, the seed is prepared, for which the caps (5-10 pieces with a diameter of 100-200 mm) are soaked for a day in a bucket of water, preferably rainwater. Then they are kneaded by hands in the same bucket until a homogeneous viscous mass is formed. The liquid with mushroom particles is filtered through a tissue with small pores. The retained sediment is not discarded, but set aside.
Then a place for sowing is prepared. Near the trunk of the selected tree, use a shovel to remove upper layer soil (100-200 mm). In this case, the trunk itself should be in the center of the bare zone, that is, a circle is made around the trunk within a radius of 1 m or 1.5 m, removing the sod.
Now you can start directly infecting the root system of the tree with mycelium. The filtered liquid is poured onto the roots (about 1 liter per 0.5 square meters). The sediment obtained earlier is shaken out right there at the roots. The previously removed sod is placed on top of the treated area and watered abundantly with water (4-5 buckets at the bottom of the tree). This must be done carefully, best of all on the trunk of the tree, so that the water flows through it onto the soil and does not erode it.
With this method of planting a mushroom as seed both its spore infusion and mushroom tissue are used. Thus, a double guarantee of the formation of mycorrhiza is created either from numerous spores or from particles of a mushroom cap. It is possible to determine from what exactly the development of the porcini mushroom began by the timing of fruiting.
If the sowing was carried out in August, and the mushrooms appeared around the tree the next fall, this indicates that the elements of the cap have taken root in the root system. With a two-year delay in the formation of fruits, it can be judged that the fungus root develops from slow germinating spores.
Thus, in best case a year after sowing, the first mushrooms will appear under the tree, the volume of which can be 2-5 kg.
Caring for planted mushrooms is very simple. During the fruiting period, that is, in summer, you only need to periodically moisten the soil.
With artificial sowing of the mycelium, you can count on 3-4 years of fruiting, after which it degenerates, since it takes root on a limited part of the roots of the tree, mainly on young shoots, and they are not sufficiently developed and cannot provide the mycelium with nutrition in the amount necessary for normal long life.
To take advantage of the strong, already formed roots of the mycelium, the not entirely favorable surrounding background at the location of these rhizomes, which forms a variety of pathogenic microflora, in the process of development, produces a significant amount of harmful substances, interferes.
In addition, the defense mechanisms of microorganisms, strengthened due to a long period of struggle for survival, easily cope with the attempts of the mycelium to push the former inhabitants of the root system a little, and it is forced to retreat.
In their natural environment, porcini mushrooms form fungal roots with trees at an early stage of development of the latter (roots), often even with a small, just emerging sprout. It turns out that mushrooms and trees mature at the same time, which is the key to an effective and long-term connection. In the case of mushrooms on garden plot it is necessary to periodically replace the mycelium, infecting the tree again using the same technology.
If fruit bodies are used as seed, it must be taken into account that the species of the infected tree must be related to the species of the tree around which the mushrooms were collected. Otherwise, the mycelium may not take root.
For more successful development of mycelium during sowing, it is useful to add some nutrients to the soil. It is known that there are few available food sources in the soil, and therefore, the mycelium is forced to spend energy and time on cooking a sufficient amount of the necessary food with the help of enzymes. To establish a high-quality connection of hyphae with the root system of a tree, good nutrition is required, especially glucose. So the recharge is more than useful in this case.
Sugar or alcohol can be used as additives. The share of the first is best kept equal to 50 g per 10 liters of water, and the second - 3-4 tbsp. spoons per 10 liters of water. Alcohol is added to the water before the caps of the porcini mushroom are poured into it.
Sugar is used only in the form of sand - lumpy sugar will not work because of the possible presence of blue dye there, which harms the normal functioning of the mushroom cells. With the help of top dressing, you can activate the process of mycorrhiza formation, and this will affect the volume of the crop.

How to grow forest mushrooms on the site? Proven methods!

It is not always possible to get out into the forest for mushrooms, but you can plant them on your site. If you like to do everything yourself, then you will love the idea of growing wild mushrooms so you will always know where to look for them.

The peculiarity of most forest mushrooms is that the mycelium grows and develops better only by interacting with the roots of forest trees. It is good if birches, pines or spruces grow on the site - in this case, it will be quite easy to grow mushrooms near them. There are several ways to plant mushrooms - let's look at the most effective ones.

Methods for growing forest mushrooms on the site

1. Transplanting mushrooms from the forest

To plant in this way, you should dig out the mycelium and transfer it to your site. You need to transfer the mycelium very carefully, without shaking the earth from the excavated layer. Prepare the soil under the tree before replanting. At a distance of about 0.5 m from the trunk, remove the top ball of soil 30-40 cm thick. Lay compost of leaves, wood dust on the bottom, pour and sprinkle with soil. Put the dug out mycelium on the prepared place, water it and cover it with a layer of fallen leaves. For the first two weeks, if it does not rain, water the planting site with a drip method daily.

Choose a shady, humid location for planting forest mushrooms. It is better to transplant the mycelium under the same tree as the mother's: they took the mycelium under the birch, which means it is better to transplant it under the birch. Be careful when choosing mushrooms for transplanting - do not bring poisonous ones to your site.

2. Reproduction by mycelium

The garden centers sell forest mushroom mycelium. Manufacturers on the packaging offer detailed instructions to landing. Planting the mycelium requires site preparation.

Choose a place in the shade of a tree, at a distance of 50-60cm from the trunk. Remove the top ball of soil 50cm. The sowing area depends on the amount of mycelium in the package and is indicated by the manufacturer. At the bottom, lay the forest substrate by 20 cm: fallen leaves, needles, dust and sawdust. Cover evenly with a layer of soil 10 cm thick.For the next layer, mix the soil with the substrate and fall asleep 10 cm. Next, mix the mycelium with the soil and the growth enhancer (you can buy it at the garden center or specialized stores). Distribute the mixture by tamping lightly with your hands. The last layer- soil. Immediately after planting, gently water the sown area and cover with fallen leaves.

In order not to prepare such a complex substrate for mycelium, you can purchase a ready-made substrate for mushrooms - it can be purchased at garden centers and shops specializing in seeds and fertilizers.

The first two weeks, strictly observe the watering regime. In the future, make sure that the soil at the sowing site does not dry out. Mushrooms planted in this way will grow the next year, and the mycelium will fully bear fruit two years after planting. The mycelium will bear fruit in the period from 2 to 5 years from the first harvest.

Gently loosen the soil above the planted mycelium regularly.

3. Mushroom seedlings

The easiest way to grow forest mushrooms on the site. Crumble or grind hats and pieces of forest mushrooms in a meat grinder, soak in water for a day. Around the tree near which you plan to grow mushrooms, dig up the ground and add forest substrate to it. Water the prepared area with infused water with pieces of mushrooms and cover with fallen leaves.

Experts disagree when the first mushrooms planted in this way will appear. Some argue that they will be in the first year of planting, others in a year.

The listed methods differ in the level of complexity, but they are all the most effective for growing forest mushrooms. In these ways, you can try to plant porcini mushrooms, chanterelles and mushrooms.

Whichever method you choose to plant forest mushrooms, you should follow a few tips:

choose a planting site in dense shade
keep the soil moist, add if necessary drip irrigation
apply a growth promoter to the soil in the spring
plant mushrooms no further than half a meter from the tree
land in a cool time of the day
best time for planting mushrooms - from May to September

Remember that forest mushrooms do not take root very well around fruit trees... It is good if there are several forest trees, deciduous or coniferous on your site. If there are no such on the site, experiment with planting near wooden buildings on the shaded side.

You can transplant several young trees with myceliums in the roots into the site. This method is very time consuming and complicated. It will not suit owners of small areas.

Tips on how to grow forest mushrooms on the site are controversial. The fact is that the result depends on many factors: time, weather, watering, soil, mycelium, etc., but it's worth it. The mushrooms grown on the site are almost not damaged by insects and do not differ in taste from their forest brothers. Also, you will be 100% confident in their environmental friendliness, unlike mushrooms purchased on the market and collected from no one knows where.

They are famous for their wonderful and rich taste, which is why they have earned respect from mushroom pickers. The principle of growing mushrooms is simple and involves two breeding options.

The first one is much simpler and more reliable: it is necessary to acquire mycelium and lay it in the substrate. After a year, you can start harvesting, lasting up to five years.
The second option consists in self-collection of spores from the fungus and the subsequent development of the mycelium.

The first method is preferable, since the second is not always effective. If the process were completely predictable, it would be easy to set up at home at any scale. At the same time, an experienced mushroom grower is capable of such an approach to breeding milk mushrooms.

At home, it is impossible to give a guarantee of the correct development of the mycelium of the mushrooms.

Both methods of growing mushrooms require high-quality mycelium (fungal sprouts), correctly embedded in the prepared soil. You will also need hardwood trees no older than 4 years old and soil with a high peat content.

The best helpers when growing milk mushrooms will be:

Wood preparation consists in the sterilization of sawdust. You also need small pieces of moss collected from the places where the mushrooms grow, and a small amount of fallen leaves. You can also grow mushrooms on straw or husk.

Substrate preparation and mycelium planting

The substrate must be prepared in advance, using wood from trees that successfully coexist with the mushrooms. To grow a bountiful harvest of milk mushrooms, you will need a substrate in which the disinfected soil is mixed with sawdust, previously sterilized by steaming. With this substrate, it is necessary to fill the holes dug next to the tree. It is best if they are located as close to the root system as possible. Then you can proceed to planting the mycelium in the substrate.

It will be possible to grow good milk mushrooms if you treat the procedure with the utmost care:

First, fill the wells halfway with the substrate,
spread the pieces of mycelium on top,
top up the substrate and compact it tightly.

To disinfect the soil, it is necessary to spill each planting site with a liter of lime mortar. When preparing it, 50 g of lime is diluted in 10 liters of water. After that, the holes should be covered with harvested pieces of moss and leaves.

Substrate preparation

The most favorable period for laying the mycelium is from May to September. It is possible to grow mycelium at home even if it is purchased in late autumn or winter, but this will require the use of special conditions, which are desirable to reproduce only in a greenhouse. Milk mushrooms are very fond of moisture, so in the hot summer they will need to be sheltered, protecting them from the rays of the sun and taking care of regular abundant watering. It is necessary to water each tree with three buckets of water every week.

Indoor cultivation

The selection of the premises is not difficult. For growing mushrooms, both a basement and a small shed are suitable. The mycelium, mixed with the substrate, is placed in a polyethylene bag, in which holes should be made - through them milk mushrooms will grow. Normal growth requires a constant temperature of +21 degrees. With this mode, seedlings will appear in a few weeks.

After emergence, the bags should be transferred to a place with good lighting and a temperature of +15 degrees. Milk mushrooms at home reach marketable size a week after the first sprouts, which allows you to start harvesting very soon.

Some mushroom pickers soaked white milk mushrooms before boiling, put them in matting bags, tied them up and lowered them into the river for washing and soaking. These were the legendary times in terms of white milk mushrooms.
For growing white lump required:
mycelium of white milk mushroom;
deciduous tree (at least 4 years old), best of all birch, or poplar, hazel or willow;
soil for indoor plants with a high peat content - 5 liters;
moistened sawdust of deciduous trees (instead of them, you can use moistened straw or buckwheat, sunflower husk) - 1 kg;
moss, leaf litter.
Growing method
Favorable time for planting the mycelium of the white milk mushroom - all year round... If you purchased mycelium between October and April, then to speed up the harvest time, you can plant the mycelium at home in a box with a substrate. For mycelium fouling - make 10-15 holes in the substrate, put the pieces of mycelium in the holes, then cover them with the substrate. Since May, the already overgrown mycelium should be planted in the ground according to the instructions.
If you purchased mycelium between May and September, you can immediately plant the mycelium in the ground.
1. Preparation of the substrate: mix the soil with moistened hardwood sawdust or moistened straw or husk of your choice.
2. Dig 3 holes with a diameter of 10 cm and a depth of 20 cm near the tree in a circle.
3. Fill the wells to half the depth with the previously prepared substrate, then put the pieces of mycelium into the wells at the rate of 1/3 bag per well. Fill the well with the substrate to the brim, tamp it tightly.
4. Carefully and slowly pour each well with 1 liter of water with the addition of lime (for soil disinfection) at the rate of 50 g per bucket of water. Then moisten the soil around the holes - at least 1 bucket of water with lime for each place. Cover the seeded holes with a layer of moss, leaf litter, branches. The additional application of some nutrients when sowing is good for the survival of the mycelium. Recommended top dressing: 20 Ekoberin granules or Healthy Garden preparation for 10 liters of water.
5. In summer, it is necessary to periodically moisten the soil around the holes. For each tree - at least 3 buckets once a week.
It should be noted that soaking with a certified preparation Baikal EM-1 (not to be confused with fakes of Baikal EM-1) increases the germination capacity of mushrooms by 40-70%.
The next year after sowing in June, under favorable weather conditions, the first mushrooms will appear. In a year, when the mycelium finally takes root, the harvest will be twice as large. When using a certified preparation Baikal EM-1, fruiting increases by 2-3 years.
Yield
Fruiting lasts up to 5 years. In one year, you can collect up to 5-15 pieces from one tree.
Release form
Mycelium of white milkweed in a substrate with a volume of 60 ml.

Milk mushrooms - enough delicious mushrooms, especially in pickles. Therefore, recently, in addition to the cultivation of well-known champignons and oyster mushrooms, amateur gardeners began to breed mushrooms. The principle of breeding mushrooms is to lay the mycelium of the mushroom in the prepared substrate and after a year over the next 5 years, you can harvest. This is the first way - it is simpler and more reliable. The second is the collection of fungal spores and the independent development of the mycelium. This method is not always effective, since there is no guarantee that the mycelium of the mushroom will develop correctly. Otherwise, the cultivation of mushrooms would have been carried out on an industrial scale for a long time. However, if you are an experienced mushroom grower, then this method of breeding milk mushrooms is up to you. Growing milk mushrooms begins with the acquisition of high-quality mycelium. In addition, you will need a hardwood tree that is no more than 4 years old. The best "companions" for milk mushrooms are considered to be birch, poplar, willow, hazel. It is necessary to prepare soil with a high peat content. Prepared and pretreated (sterilized) sawdust, but straw or husk can be used instead. In advance, you need to take care of small pieces of moss, which is better to cut off in those places where milk mushrooms usually grow. It is also desirable to have a small amount of harvested fallen leaves.

The substrate must be prepared in advance, since there is no guarantee that the mycelium will successfully take root, although it is known which trees the milk mushrooms coexist well with. To prepare the substrate, the disinfected soil is mixed with sterilized, steamed sawdust. Then dig 3 small holes (20 cm deep and 10 - diameter) next to the tree, closer to the roots. However, the procedure for planting the mycelium should be done very carefully so as not to damage the root system.

Fill the wells halfway with the prepared substrate. Arrange on top with pieces of mycelium. Pour some more substrate on top of the mycelium, tamping tightly. Prepare mortar for watering at the rate of 10 liters of water 50 grams of lime. Each place must receive at least 1 liter of water. This procedure contributes to the disinfection of the soil. The holes are covered with moss and fallen leaves on top. The most favorable time for laying the mycelium directly into the ground is from May to September. If the mycelium was purchased late autumn or in winter, special greenhouse conditions can be used. Milk mushrooms are moisture-loving creatures, so in hot summer it is necessary to shelter them from excessive influence of sunlight, and also take care of abundant watering (about three buckets of water should be carefully poured under each tree once a week).

Milk mushrooms are famous for their wonderful and rich taste, which earned them respect from mushroom pickers. The principle of growing mushrooms is simple and involves two breeding options.

The first one is much simpler and more reliable: it is necessary to acquire mycelium and lay it in the substrate. After a year, you can start harvesting, lasting up to five years.
The second option consists in self-collection of spores from the fungus and the subsequent development of the mycelium.

The first method is preferable, since the second is not always effective. If the process were completely predictable, it would be easy to set up at home at any scale. At the same time, an experienced mushroom grower is capable of such an approach to breeding milk mushrooms.

At home, it is impossible to give a guarantee of the correct development of the mycelium of the mushrooms.

The best helpers when growing milk mushrooms will be:

hazel,
Birch tree,
poplar,

Wood preparation consists in the sterilization of sawdust. You also need small pieces of moss collected from the places where the mushrooms grow, and a small amount of fallen leaves.

You can also grow mushrooms on straw or husk.

Back to content

Substrate preparation and mycelium planting

It will be possible to grow good milk mushrooms if you treat the procedure with the utmost care:

first fill the wells with the substrate halfway,
spread the pieces of mycelium on top,
top up the substrate and compact it tightly.

Back to content

Mycelium laying time

Back to content

Indoor cultivation

Lactose

Milk is a favorite of experienced mushroom pickers and real gourmets. In the old days, milk mushrooms were collected in whole carts, and even salted in barrels. Milk can cure tuberculosis, diabetes, pulmonary emphysema. In the composition of these mushrooms, amino acids important for humans have been found, and in terms of protein content, some types of milk mushrooms are superior to meat.

Characteristics and properties

The real milk mushroom is an edible mushroom with a funnel-shaped cap up to 18 cm in diameter and edges curled down. The hat is slimy to the touch, grayish with spots and plates on inside... The stem is cylindrical, up to 4 cm thick and up to 9 cm high, spotty, hollow inside in mature mushrooms.

Milk mushrooms live in symbiosis with the root system of trees growing on the site, forming mycorrhiza with them. They grow up in families, in a mushroom meadow it is quite possible to collect a full basket of mushrooms.

All milk mushrooms are milky - on the cut they emit a pungent milky juice with an apple aroma. The pulp is dense, white.

Varieties of mushrooms grow in different deciduous plantings and outwardly differ in color, aroma, and taste of milky juice. They belong, depending on the subspecies, to the second or third category and are conditionally edible.
Varieties

There are several types of mushrooms.

The real one is the first category; it grows in birch forests, young forest plantations.
Black - chernushka belongs to the third category (forest edges, clearings, country roads, alder and birch plantings).
Bluish - turns blue from touching the plates.
Aspen, Oak (camelina) - belong to the second category and are varieties of this milk mushroom growing in the corresponding area.

Breeding methods

You can breed it by purchasing a ready-made mycelium of milk mushrooms in the online store or try to grow mycelium from spores of a wild matured mushroom.

Site organization

The area where the mycelium of the mushrooms is planned to be planted should be well fertilized with peat. Deciduous trees (larch, birch, willow, poplar, hazel) up to 4 years old must grow on the territory.

Sowing time

The mycelium is laid from May to September. Acquired in winter time mycelium can be planted in a heated greenhouse.

Preparing for sowing mycelium

The acquired mycelium is sown into a prepared substrate: a mixture of disinfected soil with hot-sterilized hardwood sawdust.

It is also desirable to have moss from the place of real growth of mushrooms, fallen leaves, soil of appropriate acidity. You can try growing on husk or straw.

Sowing and caring for mycelium

The general principle of growing mycelium at home involves sowing spores of a wild fungus in an environment as close as possible to natural conditions or created artificially with additional feeding with nutrient solutions ( aqueous solution sugar and yeast).

Amateur mushroom growers practice planting pieces of overripe mushrooms in a container with peat and sawdust after saturation of such a substrate with a nutrient solution. Then the container is closed with a lid with a small hole and left at a temperature of 23 - 25 degrees for 3 months.

During this time, mycelium hyphae should develop in the substrate. The container is then placed in a dark place with a temperature of 6 degrees and stored so until disembarkation.

Site preparation and planting of mycelium

The soil at the planting site is disinfected with a lime solution (50 g per 10 l of water). For this, the prepared holes around the deciduous tree are spilled with such a solution.

The wells are equipped as close as possible to the root system of the patron tree and half filled with the prepared substrate. Pieces of purchased or grown mushroom mycelium are laid out on top, and the substrate is added until the wells are completely filled. The soil is compacted, and pieces of moss and fallen leaves are laid out on top.

Growing in a basement or room involves planting the mycelium of the mushrooms in a filled with prepared substrate plastic bag with slots through which milk mushrooms should grow. The mycelium will develop gradually up to 5 years.

Care consists in watering the patron tree and the area with mycelium. In the dry season, watering one tree per week should be at least 30 liters of water. On hot days, plantings should be protected from overheating. For the winter, the landing site is covered with fallen foliage.

Caring for bagged mycelium is to maintain optimal conditions indoor microclimate. A temperature of about 20 degrees should be maintained until the appearance of fruit bodies (one year after laying).

Pests

Milk mushrooms grown in an artificial environment, as a rule, are not affected natural pests mushrooms.

Harvesting

After the sprouts appear, the milk mushrooms gain marketable weight in a week. Harvesting usually begins in July and continues through August. Mushrooms are cut or twisted.

The milk mushrooms must be thoroughly boiled, the water drained. Special attention pay attention to the cleaning and washing of the collected mushrooms.

Milk is famous for its very unique and excellent taste, which actually deserves respect from any mushroom picker. The action of growing milk mushrooms is not difficult and can offer 2 breeding options.
1st method the most simple and more reliable: you need to purchase mycelium and lay it in the substrate. After a year, the first harvests can be harvested, lasting no more than five years.
2nd method consists in providing an independent collection of spores from the milk mushroom and the subsequent development of the mycelium.
1st method better than those, which is close to the natural method of growing, since the 2nd method is not always justified. This method with its complete predictability in one hundred percent growing at home, it would have long ago displaced all other options for growing mushrooms. At the same time, a competent mushroom grower can handle a more complex approach to growing mushrooms.
Growing milk mushrooms on their own, it is impossible to give a favorable outcome for the development of the mycelium.
Both methods of growing mushrooms require excellent mycelium the right way laid in a beneficial soil for the load. Here deciduous trees will also be needed, no more than four years old and soil with big amount peat.

The best mushroom growing assistants will be: hazel

birchpolyataivy Wood sawdust must be carefully sterilized. You will need moss, torn into small lumps found in places where the mushrooms grow, and some fallen leaves of the above trees. You can grow milk mushrooms on ordinary straw and husks.

How to prepare the substrate and plant mycelium

The substrate must be prepared in advance using the wood of the tree successfully adjacent to the mushroom. In order to breed a large harvest of mushrooms, you will need a substrate in which sterile soil is mixed with sawdust, carefully sterilized by steaming. With this substrate, you need to fill the holes dug next to the tree. The best option will be if they are placed as close to the root as possible. Next, you need to move on to planting the mycelium in the substrate.

It will be possible to grow high-quality milk mushrooms if you approach the procedure with greater responsibility:

to begin with, fill the well with the substrate in half,
put pieces of mycelium on top,
sprinkle with substrate and tamp thoroughly.

To disinfect the soil, it is worth spilling each hole with a liter of lime solution. When preparing it, 50 grams of lime is diluted in ten liters of water. After that, the holes should be covered with cooked pieces of moss and leaves.

How to prepare the substrate

The most favorable time for laying the mycelium is from spring to autumn. It is possible to grow mycelium at home even if you purchased it in winter, but this will require the creation of a special condition, which can be reproduced in a greenhouse or greenhouse. Milk loves wet conditions, therefore, in hot summer it is better to cover it, protecting it from direct sun exposure and do not forget about regular abundant watering. It is worth spilling three or four buckets of water every day for each tree that has mushrooms.

How to grow mushrooms indoors

It is quite easy to choose a room for breeding milk mushrooms. Suitable for breeding milk mushrooms basement, or an ordinary shed. The mycelium, mixed with the substrate, is placed in a plastic bag, in which holes must be made - through which milk mushrooms will begin to grow. Normal growth requires regular temperature regime at +20 degrees. Under a certain regime, seedlings will appear in a couple of weeks.

After the emergence of seedlings, the package must be moved to a well-lit place with a temperature of plus fifteen degrees. Mushrooms at home reach marketable size seven days after the first sprout, which will allow you to start harvesting in the near future.

Discuss this article on the forum

Pepper milk is a favorite of mushroom pickers and gourmets
Varieties of waves
Useful properties of waves
Belyanka - appearance
Pink wave

Growing mushrooms

Milk mushrooms are quite tasty mushrooms, especially in pickles. Therefore, recently, in addition to the cultivation of well-known champignons and oyster mushrooms, amateur gardeners began to breed mushrooms. The principle of breeding mushrooms is to lay the mycelium of the mushroom in the prepared substrate and after a year over the next 5 years, you can harvest. This is the first way - it is simpler and more reliable. The second is the collection of fungal spores and the independent development of the mycelium. This method is not always effective, since there is no guarantee that the mycelium of the mushroom will develop correctly. Otherwise, the cultivation of mushrooms would have been carried out on an industrial scale for a long time. However, if you are an experienced mushroom grower, then this method of breeding mushrooms is up to you. Growing mushrooms begins with the acquisition of high-quality mycelium. In addition, you will need a hardwood tree that is no more than 4 years old. The best "companions" for milk mushrooms are considered to be birch, poplar, willow, hazel. It is necessary to prepare soil with a high peat content. Prepared and pretreated (sterilized) sawdust, but straw or husk can be used instead. In advance, you need to take care of small pieces of moss, which is better to cut off in those places where milk mushrooms usually grow. It is also desirable to have a small amount of harvested fallen leaves.

Fill the wells halfway with the prepared substrate. Arrange on top with pieces of mycelium. Pour some more substrate on top of the mycelium, tamping tightly. Prepare a lime watering solution for 10 liters of water and 50 grams of lime. Each place must receive at least 1 liter of water. This procedure contributes to the disinfection of the soil. The wells are covered with moss and fallen leaves on top. The most favorable time for laying mycelium directly into the ground is from May to September. If the mycelium was purchased in late autumn or winter, special greenhouse conditions can be used. Milk mushrooms are moisture-loving creatures, so in hot summer it is necessary to shelter them from excessive influence of sunlight, and also take care of abundant watering (about three buckets of water should be carefully poured under each tree once a week).

Milk white

White mushroom, is one of the most popular mushrooms in Russia. It is highly regarded for its nutritional quality, although it is classified as a conditionally edible mushroom (because of the bitter juice that is removed by boiling or steeping). This mushroom is a frequent guest on the tables. It is usually used salted, less often used for pickling.

White milk mushroom has the Latin name Lactarius resimus, belongs to the genus of the russula family. Among the people, this mushroom has many names: real milk mushroom, raw milk mushroom, pravsky milk mushroom. Grows in birch forests or mixed forests with an admixture of birch from July to September. Distributed in the European part of Russia in Transbaikalia and Siberia, found in the Volga region in the Urals.

The mushroom white mushroom grows mainly in large groups or, as the people say, "milk mushrooms", hence its name - the mushroom. The cap of the mushroom is most often white, but can vary from yellowish to cream. There are brown spots on the cap. Old mushrooms turn yellow.

CHEST WHITE - PHOTOS

White milk mushroom :: mushroom pleasure

Description

White or real mushroom - a very tasty edible mushroom of the 1st category, it is used salted or after boiling for about 10-15 minutes. Some mushroom pickers soak milk mushrooms for 2-3 days before boiling. cold water... In Russia, people collected white loads by carts, put them in matting bags, tied them up and lowered them into the river for washing and soaking. These were the legendary times in terms of milk mushrooms.

You will need:

1. Mycelium "Mushroom pleasure" - 1 pack.

2. A hardwood tree (at least 4 years old), preferably birch, or poplar, hazel or willow.

3. Soil for indoor plants with a high peat content - 5 liters.

4. Moistened sawdust wood species (instead of them, you can use moistened straw or buckwheat, sunflower husk) - 1 kg.

5. Shovel.

6. Moss, leaf litter.

Growing method:

Favorable time for planting mycelium "White Milk" - all year round.

If you purchased mycelium between October and April, then to speed up the harvest time, you can plant the mycelium at home in a box with a substrate (see item 1) for mycelium overgrowth. Make 10-15 wells in the substrate, put the pieces of mycelium in the wells, then cover them with the substrate. Since May, the already overgrown mycelium should be planted in the ground according to the instructions.

If you have purchased mycelium in the period from May to September, then you can immediately plant the mycelium in the ground.

1. Preparation of the substrate: mix the soil with moistened sawdust of coniferous wood.

2. Dig 3 holes 10 cm in diameter and 20 cm deep near the tree in a circle.

3. Fill the Lunkid half of the depth with the previously prepared substrate, then put the pieces of mycelium into the wells, at the rate of 1/3 bag per 1 well. Cover the well with the substrate to the brim, tamp it tightly. Fill the well with the substrate to the brim, tamp it tightly.

4. Carefully and slowly pour over each well 1 liter of water with the addition of lime (to disinfect the soil) at the rate of 50 g per bucket of water. Then moisten the soil around the holes - at least 1 bucket of water with lime for each place. Cover the sown holes with a layer of moss, leaf litter, branches.

In the summer, it is necessary to periodically moisten the soil around the holes. For each tree - at least 3 buckets of water once a week.

Fruiting

The next year after sowing, under favorable weather conditions, the first mushrooms will appear. In a year, when the mycelium finally takes root, the harvest will be 2 times more. Fruiting up to 3-5 years.

Yield

In one year, you can collect 5-15 pieces from one tree.

Compound

Mycelium mushrooms "White milk" in a substrate of 60 ml.

How to grow mushrooms? all methods of growing mushrooms.

People began to look for the answer to this question for a very long time. And this is understandable. It would be wonderful to grow mushrooms in the beds, like cabbage or carrots. And in the forest, too, is not bad. Sowed in the nearest forest and harvest annually. If you need white ones - get them, if you need milk mushrooms for the winter season - also collect them. People began to grow mushrooms more than 2 thousand years ago. This was done by the ancient Greeks, the peoples of the South - East Asia, Italy and France. And now they are grown in Western Europe and the USA, they grow champignons, oyster mushrooms and mushrooms. And Japan even exports a grown mushroom - shiitake. Production per year is over 120 thousand tons per year. Beipin and honey mushrooms are grown on the Korean Peninsula and in China, and champignons, truffles and other mushrooms are grown in France and Germany.

In Russia, edible mushrooms began to be grown from the second half of the XIX century. Most often, the essence of sowing mushrooms was that chopped mature mushrooms were introduced into the soil under the trees. The results were different and not permanent - sometimes the mushrooms grew, and sometimes they did not grow. The Yearbook "Forest and Man" informs that in 1878 an article by N.D. Nikitin "Experiments in cultivation of edible mushrooms" The article reported that the author brought the top layer of soil from an old grove rich in mushrooms into a new one birch planting and the next year I got a harvest of birch trees. Inspired by good luck, the author began to conduct more difficult experiments... He transferred old and broken mushrooms from one spruce grove to another and also received a harvest. These were the first positive experiences of mushroom cultivation described in the scientific literature. As for amateurs - mushroom growers, their experiences are also noteworthy. There are known cases of growing birch trees, aspen trees, camelina mushrooms, black mushrooms, oil cans, cepes and porcini mushrooms. Here are some examples: In the Bryansk region, N.E. Fedorova received 9 years good harvests porcini mushrooms. The "secret" of her success was what she created with her painstaking work on personal plot a corner of nature, completely identical with the places of abundant growth of porcini mushrooms in forest lands. Pieces of legs, caps and tubular parts of fruit bodies, that is, ordinary mushroom peelings, which, when processing mushrooms, are abundantly seeded with spores, served as seed material.

Agronomist J. Balodis, grew honey agarics. For cultivation, he used stumps from cut trees. He sowed spores of honey fungus on them, for which he took the caps of mature mushrooms, laid them down on paper with plates, then shook off the spores into a jar of water, shaken and poured this mixture into the cracks of the stumps. Sometimes he periodically watered and after a while honey mushrooms appeared on them.

Method for growing porcini mushrooms: we take mature mushrooms (6 - 8 days of age), separate the tubular part where the spores are located, and grind it into pieces up to 2 cubic meters. cm in size, dry for an hour and a half under a gauze awning and do sowing in the "pockets." After that, the seam of the pocket is sealed. In the second or third year, as a rule, mushrooms appear.

A cheap method of growing oyster mushrooms on straw has been developed, which has found application in the world. Mushrooms are grown at a temperature of 15 - 20 degrees. The crop is harvested every 1 - 2 weeks. The material for planting is prepared as follows: the mycelium is sown in a specially prepared medium, then packed in bags and sent for growing mushrooms. Good results are obtained when growing mushrooms, in many countries this is a whole industry. Widely cultivated in special premises- mushrooms, in greenhouses, greenhouses, cellars, old mines. Grown in 70 countries of the world, the leading place is occupied by the USA, France, Japan, Germany, England, Korea, China.

So the answer to the question of whether it is possible to grow mushrooms should be answered in the affirmative. Currently, 12 species of mushrooms are grown in the world. These are mainly champignons, oyster mushrooms, ringlets, truffles, honey mushrooms, etc.

Mushrooms "raw milk mushrooms

Summer is in full swing. The first waves of boletus, boletus and porcini mushrooms have already passed. But the rains continue, which means that we should wait for the appearance of more and more species. Of particular interest for mushroom pickers at this time are different kinds mushrooms. After all, it is not known what autumn will be, and whether there will be milk mushrooms by September. And to annoy the mushrooms for the winter is a matter of honor for any self-respecting mushroom picker.

Raw milk mushroom (Lactarius resimus) (wet milk mushroom, real milk mushroom) is the most valuable salting species. The main advantage of this mushroom over the others is its amazing aroma. Raw milk mushrooms smell so strong and good that when you approach their accumulation in the forest, you can smell their incomparable fresh smell from several meters away.

Milk mushrooms are also attractive in appearance: they have a beautiful pale yellow color with a brown tint, as well as a surprisingly pretty fringed edge of the cap.

Raw milk usually appears by mid-July. However, if it is not there at this time, then we can expect its mass appearance in August-September, but only after prolonged rains.

Abundant harvests of raw mushrooms do not happen every year, but if the season turned out to be mushroom, then you can count on the most impressive results.

In the midst of fruiting, you can fully provide your family with salted milk mushrooms for the whole year in one day.

Raw milk mushrooms grow in large groups, preferring the relatively rare light birch or mixed forest. These mushrooms love to settle on grassy edges, which is why they are not easy to find.

If you find one lump, then probe the surface within a radius of 10-15 meters from the place of its discovery - you will probably find at least a few more mushrooms.

Very often, raw milk mushrooms grow on hummocks, hillocks, around holes among young birches. In general, raw milk mushroom prefers all kinds of relief irregularities, even not sharply expressed, and not necessarily depressions.

Collecting raw milk mushrooms is a very exciting activity, which can be compared to walking after an animal that constantly confuses tracks. Milk mushrooms grow in intermittent paths, which can hardly be called that - they are constantly interrupted, go from the edges deep into the forest, there are "families" of mushrooms, consisting of 1-2 mushrooms, finding which you begin to closely examine the area, but you still cannot find mushrooms. wasting time.

However, this process of collecting raw milk mushrooms is characteristic of a lean season. In a fruitful year, you won't have to look for milk mushrooms for a long time, however, knowledge of the places in this case will have a decisive role.

Pavel Sergeevich Pomytkin

Would you like to learn how to grow mushroom mycelium? Fast, profitable, all year round. And at the same time earn from 32,000 rubles a month.

Learn more ...

Milk mushrooms

Word "Lump" comes from the Church Slavonic "breast", "breast" - collectively from the word "pile", "heap". Mushrooms are so named because they grow in families, in heaps. If you get to the load places, the basket is immediately filled, from which there is a specific smell of fragrant milk load. The fact is that these mushrooms smell even from a distance.

There are several types of mushrooms in nature: real, yellow, aspen, oak, black, white podgruzdok (rusk), peppery, blue, lilac (serushka, seryanka) and others.

Real milk

In the Volga region and the Urals, the real milk mushroom is called a raw weight for the slightly slimy surface of the cap. In Siberia, this mushroom is called pravsky, that is, real.

Meet milk mushrooms true from July to October not often, but abundantly, most of all in the northern and northwestern regions of the RSFSR, in the north of the central regions, in the Upper and Middle Volga regions, in the Urals and in Western Siberia. They grow in birch and mixed forests.

The cap is 10–20 cm in diameter, in young mushrooms it is almost flat or depressed in the middle, with a furry edge wrapped inward, later funnel-shaped, mucous, from milky white to slightly yellowish, often with subtle concentric transparent vitreous stripes, sometimes with brownish spots ... The plates are white with a yellowish edge. The pulp is white, dense, but brittle, has a pungent pleasant "mushroom" smell. The leg is short, cylindrical, hollow inside.

Black milk

It grows mainly in birch forests and young birch-alder stands, on forest edges, along glades and roads, near clearings, in good years- in very large families from July to October, until frost.

The cap is up to 20 cm in diameter, in a young mushroom it is flat, with a depression in the middle, with a slightly pubescent, curved edge. With age, the cap becomes funnel-shaped. The color is greenish-brown or greenish-black, somewhat lighter at the edges. For a dark-colored hat, the mushroom is called nigella, a gypsy. The plates are off-white, frequent, thin, later with small brownish spots. The flesh of the mushroom is strong, dense, grayish-white, at the break it secretes a caustic milky juice, which then darkens. The leg is short, thick, at first solid, then hollow, almost the same color as the cap.

Edible mushroom of the 3rd category, however, in terms of taste, it surpasses the waves, assigned to the 2nd category. When salted black lump takes on a beautiful dark cherry color. In salting, it has an advantage over other milk mushrooms, as it retains its strength and taste for three years.

Aspen milk

Grows in damp aspen and poplar (sedge) forests, rarely occurs, usually in groups in July - September. The cap is up to 20 cm in diameter, dirty-whitish, slightly fluffy along the edge, with brownish or reddish spots and colorless concentric zones. The plates are very frequent, creamy pink. The leg is dense, short, narrowed towards the base, white.

Milk mushrooms

How to grow milk mushrooms?

Instructions

Milk mushrooms are quite tasty wild mushrooms that are ideal for pickling. Therefore, recently, amateur gardeners began to actively grow, in addition to champignons, also milk mushrooms. The principle of cultivation of these mushrooms lies in the correct laying of the sprouts of the fungus in the prepared soil, and after a year you can collect a rich harvest of mushrooms.

This is perhaps the only way to grow milk mushrooms, simple and reliable in its implementation. The second method is based on self-collection of mushroom spores and growing sprouts for their further planting in prepared soil. This method usually turns out to be ineffective because there is no guarantee that the mycelium or sprouts of the milk mushroom will develop correctly.

Otherwise, the problem of how to grow milk mushrooms would have been solved on an industrial scale and for a long time. But for an experienced "mushroom grower" this method of growing mushrooms is in power. The process of growing mushrooms begins with the purchase of high-quality sprouts. In addition, you still need deciduous tree hardwood no more than four years old.

It is best to take birch, poplar, willow or hazel as "companions" for milk mushrooms. First, you need to prepare soil containing peat, sterilized sawdust, straw or husk, small pieces of moss, which is best collected in those places where milk mushrooms grow in their natural environment. It is also advisable to stock up on a small amount of fallen leaves.

To prepare a substrate for planting mushrooms, the disinfected soil must be mixed with sterilized and steamed sawdust... Then dig three small holes 20 cm deep and 10 cm in diameter next to the tree, closer to the roots. It is important to remember that the procedure for growing milk mushrooms and planting sprouts requires accuracy. The finished wells must be half filled with the prepared substrate, and the mycelium should be laid out on top, sprinkled with more substrate on top.

It is necessary to prepare a lime solution for watering in advance. Pour soil disinfection solution into each well, and then cover each well with moss and fallen leaves. The most favorable time for planting mushrooms is considered to be the period from May to September. Loads are moisture-loving mushrooms, therefore, in a dry and hot summer, it is necessary to shelter the landing sites from excessive sun, and also take care of their sufficient watering.