Evergreen honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens). honeysuckle evergreen

Every gardener wants to see his site beautiful, so many plant climbing honeysuckle, which gives the garden real beauty and unique charm. It grows quite quickly and decorates a wall, fence or arch. The plant creates comfort, fills the area with colors and a magical aroma.

general description

Honeysuckle refers to ornamental shrubs honeysuckle family. The culture owes its name to the world-famous botanist Carl Linnaeus, and the first most Full description plants appeared in the writings of the Russian explorer of the XVIII century Stepan Krasheninnikov.

In the natural environment of the Central strip of Russia, wild culture is found everywhere in groves and forest edges. These plants are well known as wolfberry, it has yellowish inflorescences and bright red berries, and the leaves are pubescent below. In the southern territories, it is an exclusively horticultural crop and does not grow wild.

The garden culture most familiar to us is erect, as well as curly or creeping bushes that look great in planting groups, alleys and arbors.

The flowers of honeysuckle of all varieties are large, but their colors can be varied - pink, red, yellow, orange or white. A tubular corolla emerges from the calyx, divided into 5 equal parts. The pistil is quite long, each flower has several stamens. The fruits can be yellow, blue, black or red, arranged in pairs on a branch.

Honeysuckle is cultivated in almost all countries of the northern hemisphere, while there are about 200 plant species. Only on the territory of our country you can find at least 50 varieties, and only 10-15 of them are edible.

All species and varieties can be divided into three categories depending on their appearance:

varieties that resemble small trees;
bush honeysuckle;
climbing vines (they are also called climbing or weaving).

It is the latter category that is most often found in gardens and household plots - it attracts attention with its luxurious inflorescences of all colors of the rainbow. Even the most nondescript area is transformed before our eyes and acquires a special romance and piquancy if you decorate it with honeysuckle plantings.

Gardeners often combine several varieties of this plant, due to which, at the time of flowering, the site is filled with the brightest colors - from light pink to deep purple. No less exotic are the ripe fruits of honeysuckle, which, depending on the variety, can appear both in summer and in the first weeks of autumn.

Honeysuckle exudes a rich aroma, which is why it is used to decorate family recreation areas. The plant is often used by landscape designers - it is used to form chic pergolas, arbors and stylish slopes.

Varietal diversity allows you to use the plant to decorate interesting compositions and even alpine slides.

Species and varieties

In nature, there are approximately 200 types of honeysuckle. Consumers around the world cultivate Himalayan, Primorskaya and others.

"Caprifall"- this is the most common variety of honeysuckle in our country, it is a perennial deciduous liana, which, when proper care often grows up to 6 m in length. Starting from mid-May, the plant is literally strewn with flowers. Flowering lasts 16-20 days. However, even after its completion, the plant does not lose its exoticism, since green berries appear on it, which gradually turn red as they ripen and change into bright beads before our eyes by the end of summer.

Climbing liana grows quite quickly - in one season it can grow a couple of meters and wrap around a pergola or climb the wall of a summer house.

"Kaprifol" is a fairly frost-resistant plant. In severe and prolonged cold weather, only the young tips of the shoots are subject to freezing.

It may seem strange, but a warm, long winter does much more harm to this variety than cold, since regular thaws lead to swelling of the buds, which die when frost returns. However, even in these adverse conditions"Kaprifol" is reborn from root buds, which, with the onset of spring, give new shoots.

A very interesting variety of "Kaprifoli" is considered "German Kaprifol" - it is similar to the main plant, but is characterized by more long flowering, which sometimes lasts until the onset of autumn.

Honeysuckle "Kaprifol" does not leave anyone indifferent - it is no coincidence that it was with her that the passion for this plant began among the owners of their own plots in Russia and Europe.

Honeysuckle "Brown"- Another interesting variety that blooms twice per season: the first time - in late June - early July, and the second time - in August. The buds have a characteristic carrot color.

Honeysuckle "Brown" prefers open lit areas, reacts negatively to drafts. The culture does not tolerate harsh long winters, and therefore it should be planted in the southern and central territories of Russia.

Honeysuckle "Henry"- This is a semi-evergreen variety that does not completely shed its leaves for the winter and they remain partially on the shrub. In height, this plant is significantly inferior to its "brothers" - its length does not exceed 2.5 meters. Flowering usually begins in mid-July, its flowers are scarlet in color with an amazing rich aroma. Fruiting begins in September. Matte black berries have a very interesting shade.

In addition, the following varieties are common in our country:

"Tatar"- one of the most hardy varieties of honeysuckle with pink and white inflorescences;
honeysuckle "Korolkov" is characterized by abundant flowering, lilac or pale pink inflorescences;
"Geralda"- a plant with large yellow flowers, does not throw off leaves for the winter, while it tolerates frost well;
"Hekrota" differs in flowers of a pinkish-yellow hue, blooms for a long time, grows in length by 4-5 meters;
"Maaka"- a liana with large white inflorescences that exude a piquant aroma, reaches 3-3.5 meters, is quite resistant to frost;
honeysuckle "Serotina" - one of the most attractive, which pleases with flowering throughout the summer with small flowers of a burgundy-brown hue, their aroma is similar to the smell of linden flowers;
"Japanese" differs in the decorative color of the leaf plates - they are distinguished by a light green hue with pronounced yellow veins, but this plant does not tolerate frost well, therefore it can be grown only in the southern regions.
"Georgian" honeysuckle is common in the Caucasus, has large purple flowers, which are replaced by red and black fruits by the end of summer;
"Evergreen"- this is the most resistant to cold winters variety, its creepers bloom at the end of May with unusual flowers: raspberry on the outside and bright yellow on the inside.

"Tatar"

"Maaka"

"Evergreen"

Separately, it is worth dwelling on edible types of honeysuckle.

"Bakchar Giant"- a vigorous plant up to 2 m long, the crown is spreading, and the leaves are dark and very beautiful. The berries are very large - 4-5 cm, the weight of each reaches 2.5 grams. From one bush good care up to 4.5 kg of crop can be removed.

Varieties also have a good taste of fruits. "Cinderella", "Blue Bird", "Morena", "Amphora" and "Long-fruited". These berries are distinguished by exceptional taste properties and can be used both for eating raw and for preservation for the winter.

"Bakchar Giant"

"Cinderella"

"Amphora"

Landing

Honeysuckle can be planted with seeds, but this process is very complex and time-consuming, so not every gardener decides to breed a crop using this method. Most often, the plant is planted with seedlings, but it is important to choose the right planting material.

You should purchase a seedling strictly in specialized plant nurseries or from trusted private traders who breed the necessary plant on their site, otherwise you run the risk of not getting the variety you expect, because even the most experienced gardeners sometimes get confused in all varietal features and characteristics.

When choosing a bush, it is advisable to give preference to seedlings at the age of 2-3 years, since in this case it will not be necessary to wait very long for flowering.

Carefully inspect the roots and shoots - they should not show any damage, they should be plastic, bend well, and not have dry parts. However, peeling of the bark is allowed - this is the standard condition for honeysuckle of all varieties.

root system healthy plant must be strong and powerful, the shoots must be located on the kidneys. You should not buy a bush if it seemed stunted to you. Even if the seller assures that he will rise after transplanting and watering, it is better to purchase another plant.

For simultaneous cultivation, it is recommended to take at least three varieties so that later it will be possible to propagate them independently. Keep in mind that honeysuckle is a cross-pollinated crop and not all varieties pollinate each other well, so when buying, you should give preference to paired varieties.

It is very important to choose the right place for planting honeysuckle.

There probably isn't one garden plant, which would have had the same impressive and rich smell as honeysuckle. It is he who is considered the main factor that affects the choice of a place for growing. Most often, the plant is planted in the place where households spend the most time and gather with friends and relatives. For abundant flowering, the plant is best placed in a sunny place, although shady areas are more suitable for forest varieties - they will grow best under the crown of sprawling trees.

If you prefer curly varieties, then you should first take care of the construction of an arch or a special support.

Desirably, the acid-base reaction is in the range of 5.5 to 6.5. If the earth is acidified, a little lime should be added to it and dug up. Then the land should be completely freed from weeds and organic and mineral fertilizers should be applied.

Purchase a seedling in plastic containers with a fertilized earthen clod - in this case, when transplanting, the risk of damage to the root system will be minimized. However, if you plant honeysuckle in early spring after the snow melts or in autumn, it is optimal that the root be bare.

The time suitable for planting honeysuckle is the end of April - the first decade of May. It is during these periods that nature awakens and the plant has a good chance to settle in a new place. However, you can plant bushes before winter - in this case landing work should be held in the second half of September.

In order to increase the survival rate of seedlings, the distance between the bushes should be observed: for tall varieties it should be 2.5 meters, and for short ones - 1 m.

The landing sequence is standard:

3-4 days before planting, prepare the holes and lay out their bottom with crushed stone, expanded clay or any other drainage.
Lay on top of it fertile land. You can make the mixture yourself, for this, two buckets of compost are mixed with 1 kg of wood ash and 50 g of superphosphate are added there. If the site is sandy, then it makes sense to add a little clay to the prepared substrate.
A few hours before planting, the hole is watered abundantly.
Planting material is placed in the center of the hole and covered with prepared soil so as not to deepen the root neck. The earth is watered several times, and then, as it shrinks, a new one is added and watered again.
It is advisable to cover the area near the young bush with mulch. A good result is shown by needles, sawdust or peat. This will maintain the required level of humidity and protect the plant from frost if planted before winter.

If necessary, all types of honeysuckle can be transplanted to a new place, but this can only be done during the period when the plant does not bloom - optimal late autumn or immediately after the snow melts. Transplantation should be carried out together with an earthen clod.

How to care?

At all stages of its growth and development, decorative garden honeysuckle sprouts a lot of shoots, while some of them begin to creep and, accordingly, take root. In this regard, you should constantly monitor the growth of the seedling and get rid of excess shoots in a timely manner.

Some varieties, for example, Caprifol, are quite resistant to winter cold. However, most other varieties retain their viability in the cold season, and even if some parts of the plant die, they quickly recover with the onset of heat.

It is very important to maintain a competent mode of moisturizing. Usually the plant is watered twice a week in hot weather, and if the heat has not yet come, then one irrigation in 7 days will be quite enough. Do not let the earth dry out - in this case, the fruits will be small, dried, and in addition, bitter in taste. At the same time, an excess of moisture should not be allowed - stagnant water causes the development of varietal diseases, and also leads to rotting of the roots, so it is advisable to equip effective drainage.

Like any other horticultural crop, honeysuckle requires fertilization. The plant is in need of minerals. They need a particularly large amount of top dressing shortly before flowering, because a large number of large inflorescences require a lot of energy from the plant in order to please the owners of the site for as long as possible.

Plants respond well to ready-made complex preparations that are sold in any store for summer residents, in addition, before winter, you can pour chopped wood ash. Mature plants love humus, and in summer experienced gardeners make an infusion of mullein or mineral supplements. It is best to do this before mid-July.

You can fight pests using insecticides, but with fungal and viral diseases, as a rule, treatment is not possible - the plant dies, so it should be dug up and burned.

As a preventive measure to prevent the emergence of larvae and adult aphids, it is recommended to sprinkle around the trunk granular superphosphate or lime, and for the winter it is advised to treat the branches with a 5% solution of urea. In addition, spraying with Lepocid or Bitoxibacillin preparations can be carried out.

Since honeysuckle is related to ornamental plants, it must be regularly trimmed to give the bush an aesthetic shape. Usually they just cut off the top. This stimulates the growth of young branches on the sides, which increase the bushiness of the vine as a whole. By the way, Caprifoli has one characteristic feature - it is tightly attached to the support and literally braids it counterclockwise, so pruning allows you not only to shape, but also significantly rejuvenate the bush. However, if you are growing edible types of honeysuckle, then molding can significantly slow down the ripening time of the berries.

Honeysuckle belongs to covering crops, so for the winter it should be tied with agrofibre.

reproduction

Most often, honeysuckle is propagated in one of two ways: layering or cuttings.

If you chose the first method, that is, propagation of the crop by layering, you should at the very beginning of spring, immediately after the snow melts and the soil warms up, choose a strong branch and bend it to the ground. Layers are pinned special bracket or you can squeeze it simple stone. Behind spring-summer period the branch at the points of contact with the ground will give roots, after which the resulting seedling can be separated and transplanted to permanent place. As a rule, this is done in the fall or spring of the following year.

Propagation by cuttings is carried out in July. In this case, cuttings with a pair of good internodes are cut from the main plant so that a pair of leaves remains on top. After that, the cooked chibouks are placed in a greenhouse or an ordinary cutting. It can be made with your own hands from improvised means. To do this, take the usual plastic bottle, cut off the bottom of it and cover the young stalk with this design. The lid must be kept open to allow air to enter.

About the variety of decorative honeysuckle "Kaprifol", see the video below.

Synonyms: Capricole evergreen, Lonicera evergreen, Lonicera sempervirens L. var. hirsutula Rehder, Lonicera sempervirens L. var. Sempervirens, Phenianthus sempervirens (L.) Raf., Lonicera sempervirens L. var. minor Aiton

honeysuckle evergreen(Lonicera sempervirens) is a popular species of the genus (Lonicera) of the Honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae). Native to North America. Introduced into culture in 1686.

It is a tall climbing shrub with bare shoots, reaching a length of 3 m. The shoots are bare. The leaves are elliptical or oval, to oblong, leathery, 3-8 cm long and 1.5-5 cm wide. The upper side is smooth, dark green, the lower side is bluish-gray in color, often with soft pubescence, evergreen. 1 or 2 pairs of leaves are often fused into an oblong or round disc, on which the inflorescences are placed.

flowers large, sessile, growing in groups of three on long peduncles in apical spike-shaped inflorescences, red or orange-red, rarely yellow color, without smell. The corolla reaches 4-5 cm in length. The style and stamens protrude slightly beyond the limb. Blooms from May to September.

Berries small, pea-sized, scarlet-red.

Forms: f. superba Re gel (higher - with more bright red flowers and large leaves), f. sulphurea J a q. (var. flava R e g e 1) (sulphurous - with yellow flowers).

Varieties:"Magnifica" (Flowers are red outside and yellow inside), "Sulphurea" (flowers are yellow), "Superba" (flowers are bright scarlet).

Frost resistance zone: 3-9. In winter, a slight freezing of the shoots is possible, which are then quickly restored.

Location: undemanding to the soil, unpretentious. Grows well in moist, loose and fertile soils under the cover of tall trees, but not in the shade. Optimal soil acidity pH 7.5 - 8.5. It grows poorly on poor sandy and heavy damp soils. It can grow in the sun and in partial shade, in a well-ventilated place.

Pruning: it is recommended to carry out in the fall (after the leaves have fallen) or early spring (March). Every 2-3 years it is necessary to carry out anti-aging pruning and thinning of the crown. To do this, it is necessary to remove old and small branches, while leaving no more than 5 powerful trunks, while new coppice shoots are actively formed. After 6-7 years, only sanitary pruning is necessary

Landing: Transplant tolerates well. Planting is recommended in late autumn. Plants with a closed root system can be planted from spring to late autumn. The recommended distance between plants is 1.5-2 m. Soil mixture: soddy soil, humus, peat or sand in a ratio of 3:1:1. Root collar at ground level. The depth of the planting pit is 25-30 cm, the diameter is 25 cm for 2-3 year old bushes, for 5-7 year old bushes, the depth and diameter of the pit reaches 50 cm. At least 3-5 bushes must be planted to set fruits different varieties. When planting, you can apply 5 - 7 kg of manure, 50 - 80 g of superphosphate and 40 - 50 g of potassium salt per bush. Drainage layer of broken brick or gravel with a layer of 5-7 cm.

Care: in early spring, you can fertilize with mineral fertilizer (20 - 30 g / sq. M). Before flowering, you can add liquid Kemira-universal (20 g per 10 liters of water). With weak growth of young plants, it is recommended to carry out foliar top dressing(0.1% urea, 1% superphosphate, 0.5% potassium chloride). Responds well to summer crown sprinkling. In autumn, wood ash (100 - 200 g / sq. M) can be applied for digging. Watering is moderate, 2-3 times a season, in hot weather, 8-10 liters per plant. Without watering, bitterness in the fruits may appear. It is recommended to remove weeds by loosening the soil to the depth of a shovel bayonet (20-25 cm). Mulch with peat near the plants with a layer of 3-5 cm.

Diseases and pests: practically not affected by diseases or pests.

Reproduction: seeds are 100% viable. Summer cuttings are fully rooted.

Usage: is used for vertical gardening trellises, walls of buildings, balconies and other objects.

June 1, 2015

Ornamental honeysuckles are unusually beautiful during flowering and fruiting, so they should take their rightful place in amateur gardens. This honeysuckle is called the plant of love. On one pedicel, two buds are first born, they also become flowers in pairs, simultaneously turn into berries and “die” together. The legend of Tristan and Isolde tells that honeysuckle grew on their grave and in death the lovers became inseparable, like the buds, flowers and berries of this plant.

The most beautiful types of honeysuckle

In the conditions of central Russia, about 10 types of honeysuckle vines can be grown without much difficulty.

In nature, it is distributed in Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor. A climbing shrub up to 5 m high is distinguished by a large variability in the color of the leaves, dark green above and bluish below. Unlike other honeysuckles, its upper leaves on the shoots do not coalesce into discs. Flowers in dense capitate inflorescences are yellowish, very fragrant. Blooms in June-July for two weeks. The berries are dark red, 0.8 cm in diameter, inedible.

In culture since 1814. It has several decorative forms: ‘Aurea’, which has golden leaves when blooming, ‘Belgica’ with thicker leaves and matte purple flowers. But special attention deserves a grade ‘Serotina’- Liana up to 3 m long. Annual shoots glabrous or slightly pubescent, red or yellowish at the top. The leaves are dark green above, glaucous below, ovate. The flowers are two-lipped, first dark red on the outside, later turn pale, yellow inside. Corolla tube 4-5 cm long, stamens and pistil effectively protrude from the flower. Blooms long and profusely from late June to early August. The berries are red. Much loved by gardeners. AT middle lane Russia is recommended to remove shoots from supports in late autumn (like clematis) and cover them with dry leaves and spruce branches from above. Very interesting variegated variety 'Harlequin', but it is low resistant.

Under natural conditions, it grows in the Caucasus, in Central and Southern Europe. A beautifully flowering climbing shrub, the shoots of which rise to a height of up to 6 m, in the conditions of central Russia on a support it reaches 4-5 m.

Young shoots are bare, light green, reddish on the sunny side. The leaves are elliptical in shape, sometimes quite wide, dark green above, bluish-gray below; 2-3 pairs of upper leaves grow together at the base to form an elliptical disk. Leaves sometimes turn yellow in autumn. The flowers are sessile, collected in 1-2 whorls, located in the axils of the uppermost fused leaves, very fragrant, up to 5 cm in length, white inside, outside with purple-red stripes.

Honeysuckle honeysuckle is a good honey plant. Bees willingly visit this plant. Blooms in June, starting at 4 years of age. The duration of flowering is 15-20 days. Grows best in full sun, although it can tolerate partial shade. Orange-red fruits on short stalks seem to be glued to the leaf, ripen in August.

Honeysuckle honeysuckle lives up to 50 years. It grows quickly, photophilous, demanding on fertility and soil moisture. Propagated by seeds and summer cuttings, which take root 100%.

Cultivated for a long time decorative forms: ‘Alba’ with white flowers that bloom two weeks earlier than other species, and few-flowered ‘Pauciflora’ with pink-red flowers.

Homeland - North America. It grows in the mountains, in the undergrowth, often on rocky places. Weakly climbing deciduous shrub up to 2 m high. Its leaves are 5-9 cm long: bright green above, gray below, with a narrow, cartilaginous, transparent, often wavy edge. The flowers are greenish-yellow or golden, open in May-June. The fruits are large, up to 1 cm in diameter, red, ripen in August-September. The first flowering and fruiting from 4 years.

Grows in Europe and North America, rare in Russia. Winter-hardy, drought-resistant, shade-tolerant.

Honeysuckle Brown

A hybrid of evergreen honeysuckle and rough honeysuckle. Deciduous liana 2-3 m high. Elliptical leaves, 6-7 cm long, dark green above, bluish below. In the bright sun, young shoots turn red. Very decorative due to the bright color of the flowers and their original shape - with a long (up to 4.5 cm) narrow corolla tube. The flowers are fragrant. Flowering is plentiful, inflorescences appear at the end of June. This vine climbs low on a support, looks beautifully laid on the ground, like a groundcover. It is propagated by cuttings. Needs shelter for the winter. Known varieties: ‘Fuchsioides’- crimson flowers; ‘Dropmore’- scarlet flowers.

A complex hybrid with honeysuckle honeysuckle and evergreen honeysuckle. Liana rises to a height of 2-3 m and is very beautiful in flowering: the inflorescences are located at the ends of the shoots and consist of a large number large flowers, each up to 5 cm long, purple flowers outside, orange-yellow inside. Flowering lasts from June to August, less often - until October. To keep this honeysuckle from freezing, it is necessary to plant it on the south side of the house. But still, in other years, shoot damage and weak flowering are possible, as, indeed, with all hybrid honeysuckles.

In Russia there are varieties: ‘Goldflame’- creamy pink flowers 'American Beauty'- yellow-orange flowers.

A hybrid between honeysuckle honeysuckle and evergreen honeysuckle. Valued for abundant flowering and dense foliage. Liana 2-3 m long. The leaves are oblong, obtuse, up to 10 cm in length, bright green above, bluish below. The upper pair of leaves under the inflorescence is fused. The flowers are tubular, golden yellow or light orange-yellow in capitate inflorescences, large - up to 5 cm long. Blooms very effectively and profusely in May-June. The fruits are yellow-orange.

Requires rich organic and moist soils. Light-requiring, but can bloom profusely in partial shade. In severe winters, it is severely damaged by frost. To avoid this, the vines should be removed from the supports and covered with lutrasil and spruce branches. Widely used for vertical gardening in Western Europe and southern regions of Russia.

American honeysuckle

A hybrid between Capricole honeysuckle and evergreen Tuscan honeysuckle native to the Mediterranean. It is a semi-evergreen vine, which in areas with a warm climate rises high along the support. In our country, it can be grown in a place protected from cold winds, and covered with dry leaves or spruce branches for the winter. This honeysuckle is interesting for its fragrant, bright, yellow inside and purple outside flowers.

Popular variety in Canada 'Blanche Sandman'- flowers are yellow or orange.

Agricultural technology

The above plants are photophilous. For landing choose a well-lit and protected from the wind place. However, honeysuckle Brown, climbing, Hekrotta in sunny places suffer from heating and drying out of the soil. They need shading the root collar.

Landing. Lianas prefer organically rich and well-moistened soils, do not tolerate close standing ground water and prolonged flooding. Acidic soils are recommended to be preliminarily limed. The distance between plants is 1.5-2 m. The roots are carefully straightened and covered with earth. Then plentifully watered and mulched. The root neck should be at ground level.

The soil mixture consists of soddy soil, humus, sand (3:1:1). The acidity of the soil should be in the range of 7.5-8.5. On heavy clay and poor waterlogged soils, honeysuckle grows poorly. Requires drainage from broken bricks or gravel with a layer of 5-7 cm.

Fertilizer and watering. In early spring, full mineral fertilizer is applied at the rate of 20-30 g per 1 sq.m. Before flowering, give liquid top dressing "Kemira-Universal" (20 g per 10 liters of water). In autumn, wood ash is added for digging (100-200 g per 1 sq.m.).

Water moderately 2-3 times per season in hot and dry weather, 10 liters per plant. Creepers respond well to sprinkling. The soil, during its compaction, is loosened on the bayonet of a shovel. Trunk circles after planting, mulch with peat with a layer of 3-5 cm.

Cutting and shaping. They are made as needed for one third of the length of the shoots. Always remove diseased and thickened branches. If you notice a decrease in growth, then rejuvenation of the bush is recommended. Liana is recovering well.

Diseases and pests. decorative types honeysuckle is rarely damaged by diseases and pests.

Preparing for winter. Winter hardiness is medium or high in honeysuckle honeysuckle and climbing honeysuckle. But in severe winters, they freeze slightly. Heat-loving decorative forms for the winter are removed from the supports and covered with spruce branches.

Reproduction of honeysuckle

Honeysuckle is easily propagated by seeds. It is better to sow them in the fall. At spring sowing stratification is needed for 4 months at a temperature of 2-5ºС. Curly and varietal honeysuckles are propagated vegetatively: green and lignified cuttings, layering, shoots from a stump. The rooting rate of cuttings is high - up to 95%.

cut into green cuttings at the end of June, 15-18 cm long so that the upper cut is 0.5-1 cm higher, and the lower one is 1-1.5 cm below the kidney. They are planted in April on loose, pre-watered ridges at a distance of 12-15 cm. The cuttings are regularly watered, the soil is loosened. After the beginning of rooting, watering is reduced, and shading is left for a while. The following year, rooted seedlings are dug up and planted for 1-2 years for growing in greenhouses.

Honeysuckle is propagated by layering by digging a lignified shoot to a depth of 10 cm. Separate from mother plant it can be next year.

Use in design

Honeysuckle can be used for vertical gardening or as a groundcover. Creepers are planted near terraces, railings, fences. In most climbing honeysuckles, the lower part of the vine becomes bare with age, so it should be planned to plant other plants near it in the foreground: climbing roses, coniferous and undersized deciduous shrubs.

Project www.site thanks magazine "Gardens of Russia" for the submitted article.

PS: Candidate of Biological Sciences Maya Alexandrova described other types of honeysuckle in the article

Evergreen honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) is a beautiful vine that blooms profusely in warm sheltered places throughout the summer with bright red and orange flowers.

This climbing evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub reaches a height of up to 3 m. The shoots are bare.

Elliptical or ovate leaves, 3-8 cm long and 1.5-5 cm wide, sit on short petioles. The upper side of the leaves is smooth, dark green, the lower side is bluish-gray, sometimes with soft pubescence. Often 1 or 2 pairs of leaves under the inflorescence grow together into a round or slightly oblong disk.

Evergreen honeysuckle flowers are odorless. Their color varies from yellow to orange-red. The corolla is 4-5 cm long. The stamens and style protrude slightly beyond the limb. The color of the berries is scarlet red.

Evergreen honeysuckle is widely distributed in North America. Introduced in 1686. Introduced in our country in 1816.

In the European part of the USSR, young shoots of this type of honeysuckle suffer from frost. It is quite justified for Central Asia, the Caucasus, Ukraine.

A more stable hybrid of evergreen and rough honeysuckles is Brown's honeysuckle, which has forms with flowers of red, orange-red, dark orange-red hues.

Honeysuckle Brown blooms annually in Moscow, secondary flowering is often observed early autumn, but the fruits are often not tied.

Won its place in the gardens thanks to the amazing aroma and unusual graceful flowers. True, not all species have an aroma, but about 180 of them are known, and in a warm climate it is possible to ensure the flowering of honeysuckle forms during almost the entire growing season. Honeysuckle flowers are tubular or bell-shaped, up to 5 cm long, with a five-membered corolla. In many plants, the top four lobes merge, while the bottom lobes fold back to reveal the stamens. The leaves are usually 3-10 cm long and may be oval, oblong, lanceolate or rounded. Fleshy berries are spherical or ovoid, only in rare cases are edible. Honeysuckle attracts birds, hedgehogs and other wild animals, and its flowers - good source nectar for bees and butterflies.

These deciduous, evergreen and semi-evergreen plants grow wild in the Northern Hemisphere. They prefer moist but well-drained clay soil but can grow in almost any soil. Some of them love the sun, others - the shade, however, plants in hot and dry conditions are often attacked by aphids.

Pests and diseases

Honeysuckle is represented by either shrubs or woody vines. These two life forms will be considered separately.

shrubs

These honeysuckles are ideal for mixborders or shrub borders. These include the extremely fragrant, early spring blooming Lonicera fragraiuissirna (Fragrant honeysuckle) and L. purpusii (J. Purpuza). Low species, such as L. pileata (G. cap) can be good ground cover, and Nitida (G. shiny) is suitable for traditional hedges. Such a resistant shrub as, for example, L. maackii (J. Maack), endures particularly harsh conditions.

All shrub species of honeysuckle bloom well in the sun. The flowers are 1.5-4 cm long, arranged in pairs, the leaves are opposite and usually sessile.

Chaetocarpa (J. bristle-fruited)

This erect, deciduous shrub produces drooping light yellow flowers with a faint fragrance from late spring to early summer. Flowers with bracts. Bright red berries ripen in mid-summer. The leaves are bristly. The height and diameter of the plant is 1.2x1.2 m (5 years). Max Height-2.4 m.

L. fragrantissima (J. fragrant)

In early spring, and sometimes in late spring, the air in the garden is filled with the strongest aroma of the creamy yellow flowers of this plant. Dull red berries ripen in late spring. The leathery leaves are semi-evergreen in open areas and evergreen in plants protected from cold winds. In Russia, it grows only in the southern regions. The height and diameter of the plant is 1.5x1.5 m (5 years). The maximum height is 2.7 m.

L. involucrata (G. coverlet)

Surrounded by heart-shaped bracts, small yellow or tinged red flowers appear on this hardy deciduous plant in spring. The fruits are shiny black berries. The leaves are narrow, 12.5 cm long, slightly pubescent. The height and diameter of the plant is 1.2x1.2 m (5 years). The maximum height is 2.4 m.

Var. ledebourti

The variety is characterized by darker orange-yellow flowers and heart-shaped, purple-tinged bracts.

Korolkovii (Zh. Korolkova)

This graceful deciduous shrub blooms late spring and in early summer pale pink flowers; its berries are red. Young, hollow branches and pubescent leaves. The height and diameter of the plant is 1.5x1.5 m (5 years). The maximum height is 3 m.

L. maackii (J. Maack)

Fragrant white flowers of this powerful deciduous plant turn yellow before withering. Flowering from late spring to mid-summer, the berries are dark red or black. Leaf petioles are purple, intensely pubescent. Although this species is very hardy, it prefers rich soil and a sunny position. The height and diameter of the plant is 3x3 m (5 lst). The maximum height is -4.5m.

L. nitida (J. shiny)

This fast growing dense evergreen shrub with small, dark green glossy leaves and rounded outline is great for hedges. If left uncut, it produces creamy white, fragrant flowers in the spring, followed by shiny, clear, bluish-purple berries. A more delicate look than many other honeysuckles. The height and diameter of the plant is 1.5x1.8 m (5 years). The maximum height is 2.4 m.

"Baggesen's Gold"

The variety is famous for its drooping branches, densely covered with small golden leaves, changing their color to sulphurous yellow in winter.

L. pileata

This evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub is ideal as a groundcover, for planting in the lower tier and for rocky gardens. These are neat, low spreading plants that tolerate partial shade. Yellowish-white flowers bloom in late spring; berries are transparent, amethyst color. Young shoots are purple, covered with soft hairs; the leaves are dark, shiny, with protruding median veins. Winter hardiness in Russia may be insufficient. Plant height and diameter - 1x1.5 m (5 years). The maximum height is 3 m.

Moss Green

L. purpusii (J. Purpuza)

Creamy flowers with a strong aroma appear on the plant from early to mid-spring, before the leaves open. This honeysuckle has bushy branches, bristly leaves and red berries. The height and diameter of the plant is 1.5x1.5 m (5 years). The maximum height is 3 m.

winter beauty

A highly fragrant plant that blooms in early spring with creamy white flowers.

L. rupicola var. syringantha (J. rocky)

This graceful deciduous shrub blooms in spring and early summer with lilac-pink flowers with a sweetish aroma. Its leaves are gray-green, small. Plant height and diameter - 1x1 m (5 years). The maximum height is 1.8m.

L. standishii (J. Standish)

Fragrant creamy white flowers, sometimes with a pale pink tinge. Blooms in early spring. Berries are red, heart-shaped. This deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub is comparatively hardy. The height and diameter of the plant is 1.8 x 1.8 m (5 years). The maximum height is 2.4 m.

L. tatarica (J. Tatar)

This deciduous plant does not require care and grows well in a wild state. The hardy and drought-tolerant variety has white or pinkish flowers in late spring and early summer; berries are dark red or orange. Winter hardiness is high. Plant height and diameter - 2x2 m (5 years). The maximum height is 3 m.

Arnold's Red

Vigorous plant with very dark red fragrant flowers and bluish leaves.

"Hack's Red"

Xylosteum (G. vulgaris)

This deciduous plant, found in the forests of Russia, Europe and the Caucasus, has yellowish-white flowers, often with a reddish tinge. Flowering in summer. The berries are red, sometimes yellow. Winter hardiness is high. Crown height and diameter 1.5x1.5 m (5 years); maximum height 3 m.

creepers

These plants grow upward, wrapping themselves around supports. They can be pointed at arches or given the ability to climb trees, weave through brush, or climb unsightly buildings and walls. Evergreen species such as L. henryi (J. Henry) can make excellent screens if supported by trellises. Flowers 4-5 cm long are arranged either in pairs, or in whorls of six, or in inflorescences. In some plants on flowering stems, oppositely located leaves merge in pairs with their bases, forming a kind of collar around the stem (pierced leaves). Most vines prefer the roots to be in the shade and the shoots in the sun.

Unfortunately, many of the vines are not winter hardy enough in central Russia. In severe winters, even in relatively resistant species, the aerial part freezes, so they do not always bloom successfully.

Americana (F. American)

It blooms fragrant pink and cream flowers from mid-summer to mid-autumn. Leaves are oblong-elliptical, pierced. This evergreen plant needs a sheltered spot in the shade or full sun. Winter hardiness has not been studied enough. The height and diameter of the plant is 1.2x1.2 m (5 years). The maximum height is 3 m.

Brownii "Dropmore Scarlet" (J. Brown)

Inflorescences of very beautiful orange-scarlet flowers rise above round, pierced leaves from early summer to early autumn. Berries are orange-red. Elliptical lower leaves slightly pubescent. This extremely hardy deciduous hybrid requires partial shade to protect against aphids. The height and diameter of the plant is 1.5x1.5 m (5 years). The maximum height is 3.5 m.

L. caprifolium (J. goat, Honeysuckle)

Cupped greyish-green leaves support the creamy pink flowers of this vigorous deciduous plant. Whorls of fragrant flowers open from mid to late spring; flowering is followed by the appearance of bright orange-red berries. One of the most reliable honeysuckle vines that can be grown in central Russia. The height and diameter of the plant is 1.8x1.8 m (5 years). The maximum height is 4 m.

"Anna Fletcher"

Etrusca (G. Etruscan)

This vigorous deciduous or semi-evergreen vine has creamy yellow, fragrant flowers, often tinged with red. Flowering from early summer to early autumn. The berries are red. The upper leaves are pierced. Winter hardiness may be insufficient. The height and diameter of the plant is 1.5x1 m (5 years). The maximum height is 2.4 m.

"Donald Waterer"

Variety with bright red and creamy fragrant flowers blooms in mid-summer; in autumn, it produces many red berries. This upright, red-stemmed deciduous plant prefers a sunny location.

"Michael Rosse"

Grey-green foliage is paired with narrow, cream-colored flowers that open in mid-summer.

"Michael Rosse"

"Superba"

The variety blooming at the same time is distinguished by the presence of large inflorescences of fragrant yellow flowers with pink honey agarics emerging from collars formed by gray-green upper pierced leaves. Red berries appear in autumn. This vigorous semi-evergreen plant that prefers full sun reaches a height of about 3.5 m.

Giraldii (J. Giralda)

Eye-catching yellow stamens decorate the red flowers of this evergreen plant with pubescent leaves and stems. Flowers blooming in early summer give way to small blue-black berries. This hardy plant needs wind protection and a location that is not too damp. Plant height and diameter - 1.2)