Rowan propagation, cultivation and care. Rowan ordinary: growing and care

Rowan is an exceptionally beautiful plant, moreover, decorative in all seasons. In summer, it is a colorful bloom of delicate pastel flowers with a light pleasant aroma; in the fall - incredible shades of foliage: from hot yellows to crimson red; v winter period magnificent scarlet bunches of beads.

If you are going to propagate a useful and beautiful culture on your site, from this article you will learn how to grow mountain ash from seeds, from a branch, by root shoots. The detailed recommendations of the article will help you decide on the most convenient plant propagation method for you.

Planting rowan with red seeds

Rowan is easy enough to grow from seeds. Seeds are squeezed out of fully ripe fruits, washed and dried. The seeds are stored in moist sand in a cool place.

In the spring, they are sown into the grooves in an even layer to a depth of 8 cm, covered with clean sand with a layer of one and a half centimeters. Up to 250 seeds are sown per square meter. After sowing, the soil is leveled and watered through a fine sieve.

When a couple of leaves appear at the seedlings, they are thinned out, leaving a distance of three centimeters. The next thinning is carried out with five leaves, leaving six centimeters between shoots. The next spring, the strongest seedlings are left with a distance of at least 10 cm from each other.

Care for rowan seedlings when growing with seeds consists in moistening the soil, loosening and weeding from weeds. In the spring, fertilize with liquid organic matter: 5 kg of slurry per square meter... Strong young seedlings are transplanted to a permanent place in the fall of the second year.

Important! To get a bountiful harvest, it is recommended to plant several different varieties.

Reproduction of mountain ash red grafting

Rowan ordinary when propagated by grafting is most suitable cleft grafting method... In January, cuttings of the current year are cut, they are knitted in bunches and dropped vertically into the soil or sand to a depth of 15 cm.

In early spring choose an annual seedling for the stock, dig it out and clean it of soil clods. In the upper part of the root, a split is made 3 cm deep. Choose a strong stalk with developed buds, make a double wedge-shaped cut in the lower part of the shoot so that it matches the size of the split. The upper part of the cutting is cut at an oblique angle above the upper bud.

The scion is placed in a split, the junction is wrapped with a film, the top of the scion is treated with garden varnish. The finished grafted seedling is planted in a greenhouse so that the junction is on the surface of the soil. Sand and peat in equal parts are used as soil. The seedling should not dry out; it is necessary to moisten the soil and air. After successful splicing, the seedling is planted in a permanent place in the open field, cutting off the shoots on the rootstock.

Common mountain ash cuttings

Suitable for growing rowan propagation method by cuttings- green and lignified. Preference is given to green cuttings, since plants one year old already have a strong root system.

Did you know? During pagan times, mountain ash was the subject of a magical cult among many tribes: Celts, Slavs, Scandinavians. She was considered a talisman against evil spirits, witchcraft; honored as the patroness of warriors. Magic runes were made from rowan wood.

Green cuttings

Cuttings are harvested in the first days of summer. In order for rowan cuttings to bring a positive result, you need to know how to cut the cuttings. The length of the cutting is from 10 to 15 cm, the shoot should have developed buds and several leaves, the cut is made at an angle.

Before planting, the lower part of the shoot is left in a rooting stimulator for six hours.

During this time, a greenhouse is being prepared: washed river sand is poured onto the dug and cleaned layer of soil with a layer of up to 10 cm. For better rooting, several cuts are made in the lower part, and in the upper part, cuts are made above the kidney.

At the end of summer, the seedlings are transplanted to another growing area. Seedling care involves spraying watering, ventilating the greenhouse at too high a temperature.

Before planting rowan seedlings to a permanent place the cuttings are hardened, leaving the greenhouse open. First, the film is removed for a couple of hours, the time is gradually increased and eventually left open overnight.

As soon as the seedlings take root, the support of the greenhouse is removed and the first feeding is carried out with nitrogen mineral compositions(30 g of ammonium nitrate per 8 liters of water). The soil around the seedlings is cleaned of weeds and loosened. The next autumn, rowan bushes are transplanted to a permanent place.

Attention! Rowan grows very quickly and actively develops, therefore, fertilizing and pruning procedures are carried out in a short time.

Woody cuttings

For propagation of red rowan with woody cuttings, strong annual shoots are taken from two or four-year branches.

They are cut in the second decade of September. Cuttings are cut 15-20 cm long, each should have about five buds.

Landing is carried out on the same day. They are planted in clean dug-up soil at a distance of up to 15 cm between cuttings, between rows - up to 70 cm. Planting is carried out obliquely, leaving two buds on top, one above the soil itself. Water the cuttings, crush the soil, squeeze out the voids and mulch with peat. For successful rooting and further transplantation, the soil is constantly moistened and loosened.

Important!If, for some reason, planting is carried out in the spring, then before it the cuttings are stored in moist sand in the cellar.

Propagation of rowan ordinary by layering

For propagation of mountain ash, a strong annual shoot is folded into a groove prepared in advance by layering. The procedure is carried out in the spring with well-warmed soil. The site for the layering is dug up and cleaned of weeds.

The shoot is placed in a groove and pressed with wire staples. Pinch the top of the shoot. When the first shoots 10 centimeters long appear, they are covered with humus up to half. The procedure is repeated when the shoots reach another 15 cm. The next spring, the layers are separated from the mother bush and transplanted to a permanent place.

Rowan is propagated by root shoots, seeds, green cuttings, layering and grafting cultivars on the stock of wild forest rowan. When grafted onto a forest mountain ash, the tree begins to bear fruit in the 3-5th year, and when propagated by layering and root shoots - in the 5-7th year.

Propagation of rowan ordinary seeds.

The seeds are isolated from crushed, ripe fruits.

Seeds are planted in the fall, in September-October (immediately after collecting the seeds) or in the spring, as soon as the soil allows (the collected seeds are placed in wet sand for the winter in autumn and stored in the basement until spring).

The seeds are evenly sown into the soil in the selected area in bulk or in grooves 6-8 cm deep and covered with coarse washed sand by 1-1.5 cm (the sand is well-drained, ensuring a uniform flow of moisture into the soil). The surface is leveled with the back of the rake and watered abundantly with a fine strainer. The seeding rate of seeds is 200-250 pcs per square meter.

To get good planting material the first time the seedlings are thinned out when two true leaves are formed, leaving a distance of 3 cm between them, the second time - in the phase of four to five leaves at a distance of 6 cm.The last thinning is done in the spring of next year with a distance of 10 cm.

Propagation of rowan ordinary by cuttings.

Reproduction by woody cuttings.

For propagation with woody cuttings, well-ripened annual shoots (from 2-4-year-old branches) are taken.

Shoots for cuttings are best cut in autumn in the second half of September.

On the same day, the workpieces are cut into cuttings 15-20 cm long, with 5-6 buds. The uppermost part of the shoot should not be taken for cuttings. The upper cut on the handle is made oblique, to the kidney, the lower one under the kidney. Planting is carried out on the day of harvesting the cuttings.

In a well-prepared soil (dug up, clean from weeds, leveled), cuttings are planted in rows with a distance of 60-70 cm between them, and in a row of 10-15 cm at an angle of approximately 45 °. 2 buds are left at the top, and one of them should be at the level of the soil. The ground around the cuttings is tightly squeezed so that there are no voids, it is well watered and mulched with clean peat.

If the planting of cuttings is postponed to spring, then it is better to prepare them from autumn to spring in the basement, in wet sand. In spring, cuttings should be planted as early as possible, as soon as the soil allows.

For good and fast rooting of cuttings, the soil in the garden should always be kept moist and loose. This is especially important in the first month after planting. At good care by autumn, a standard seedling suitable for planting can be grown from the cuttings.

Reproduction by green cuttings makes it possible to speed up the production of rowan seedlings, since already one-year-old plants have an excellent fibrous root system and a well-branched aerial part.

Cuttings are cut from the tops of all branches of the tree in early summer.

The green stalk is cut 10-15 cm long (depending on the growth). After cutting, the cuttings are prepared for planting: the lower leaves are removed, leaving 2-3 upper leaves.

For better and faster rooting, a light longitudinal incision is made above each bud, and 3-4 such incisions are made in the lower part of the cutting. Before planting, for better rooting, the lower ends of the cuttings are immersed in a growth stimulator solution for 6-12 hours.

Then the cuttings washed in clean water are planted in cold greenhouses prepared in advance.

Cold greenhouses for green cuttings are prepared in advance. Before planting the cuttings, large sifted, well-washed sand with a layer of 7-10 cm is poured onto the dug up clean layer of earth in greenhouses.

Cuttings cut and planted in greenhouses until mid-summer will have a developed root system by the end of summer and can be transplanted to a separate area for growing.

Cuttings should be planted obliquely almost close to each other at a distance of 3-4 cm. Between the greenhouse film and the cuttings there should be a free space 15-20 cm high. After planting, the cuttings are thoroughly and abundantly watered from a watering can with a very fine strainer. It is very important that the water does not flow in a continuous stream, but splashes out. After watering, the greenhouse is covered with foil.

The main care of cuttings is regular watering (at first it is important that the air in the greenhouses is warm and humid) and airing the greenhouses when the temperature in them rises above 25 °.

Three to four weeks after planting, the cuttings root well in the greenhouses. Next, the film is slightly opened during the day, and when the cuttings have undergone some hardening, they leave the greenhouse open overnight. 7-10 days after rooting of the cuttings, the film is removed altogether.

Three-week cuttings at proper care form a good fibrous root system. The survival rate of cuttings in some varieties of mountain ash reaches 70-100%.

A month after rooting (by the end of summer), cuttings from the greenhouse are transplanted for growing. As soon as the seedlings take root after transplanting for growing, they are liquid fertilized with nitrogen mineral fertilizers (30 g of ammonium nitrate per bucket of water) or slurry diluted with water 6-8 times.

During the entire growing period, the soil is loosened and weeds are weeded, and in dry weather the soil is watered abundantly.

The next fall, rowan seedlings are dug up and planted in a permanent place. Seedlings suitable for planting must have well-developed roots and strong shoots.

Propagation of rowan ordinary by root suckers.

Propagation by root suckers, which grow in large numbers annually near the tree, is the main method of propagation of the common mountain ash.

The number of root suckers depends on the variety, soil moisture, content in it nutrients and caring for plants By the spring of next year, the shoots reach normal development, have their own root system. They are separated by pruning shears or a shovel and transplanted to a permanent place.

Reproduction of mountain ash by ordinary grafting.

An inoculation is a combination of two parts. different plants, as a result of which they grow together and continue to grow already as a single organism.

One component of the graft, called the scion, is part of the stem of the plant to be propagated. It is grafted onto the root system of another plant called a stock. Methods for vegetative bonding of plants are called grafting.

For successful grafting, it is extremely important to correctly connect the various tissues of the scion and rootstock, so that they grow together as quickly as possible and last as long as possible in this form in the future. An actively growing cambium layer is located under the bark of the stem. It is important to position the scion and rootstock in such a way that their cambial layers overlap or have the greatest possible contact.

Grafting success also depends on how quickly and cleanly the sections are cut — the cut surfaces must be bonded with minimal delay.

The result of vaccination is largely determined by the creation necessary conditions for the growth and development of tissues, and therefore for the healing of the junction. In practice, this means the need to reduce water loss and provide heat to the grafted parts, which is achieved by carefully covering them until they grow together.

The vaccination site is tied with a transparent polyethylene tape 1-1.5 cm wide. Its use allows you to achieve reliable covering of the joints of the vaccine parts, as a result of which water loss is reduced to a minimum.

After accretion of the grafted parts further development a new plant will depend on preventing it from competing with the stock. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately remove the shoots formed on the rootstock.

In theory, vaccination can be done for almost all year round, the best time for this - spring.

Rowan is more often propagated by grafting into the cleft.

In the middle of winter (in a mild climate, cuttings are harvested from a tree from the growth of the past year. They are tied in bunches and stored in an upright position, digging 15 cm in the ground or sand, so that the cuttings will not dry out, and staying in the cold will delay their development ...

At the beginning of spring, a plant is selected for the stock - a one-year-old seedling, or a part of the root of a plant with vigorous growth is removed. The stock is dug up and the ground is washed from it.

Any species of this breed can be used as rootstocks for cultivated varieties of mountain ash in the country, since there is no graft incompatibility of tissues among the species of this genus. Due to its high winter hardiness, early maturity, annual stable yield, immunity and ecological adaptability, the ashberry is a valuable stock in all areas of fruit growing.

The inoculation is carried out in the apex of the root ("root collar") or in the seedling bole (hypocotyl). The stock is cut horizontally with a sharp knife. Then, in the middle of this cut, a vertical cut (or split) is made with a depth of about 3 cm.

Dig up the scion cuttings. Select one with well-developed healthy buds and the same diameter as the stock. Above the upper bud of the cutting, an oblique cut is made with a sharp knife, and a horizontal cut is made about 15 cm below. A wedge is formed from the lower end of the cutting with two oblique cuts about 4 cm long: one of them starts near the kidney, the other on the opposite side.

The graft is carefully, but with some effort, inserted into the split in the rootstock. At the same time, part of the cut of the scion remains outside. This kind of "window" will promote the development of callus.

The junction of the rootstock and the scion is tightly tied with transparent plastic tape. The top of the scion is coated with garden varnish to reduce evaporation.

The grafted plants are buried in a box with a mixture of sand and peat so that the junction is just above the surface of the substrate. The box is placed in a cold greenhouse, a closed chamber, or on a rack in a greenhouse. The higher the temperature, the faster the parts of the graft will grow together. But it is also necessary to ensure that they do not dry out.

When the graft has healed well enough, the plastic tape is cut and removed. The grafted mountain ash is planted in open ground... The shoots formed on the rootstock are cut out.

Reproduction of rowan ordinary by layering.

For reproduction by horizontal and arcuate layers, well-developed annual shoots are bent to the ground at young tree or bend down shoots of root shoots. Layers are best done in early spring, as soon as the soil permits. The soil in the place intended for layering must be well dug up and leveled in advance.

After that, shallow grooves are made in the soil from the base of the tree, into which young shoots are bent and pinned. The tops of the latter are slightly pinched.

When 10-12-centimeter young green shoots develop from the buds of the allotted branches, they are sprinkled to half the height with moist fertile soil or humus.

After 15-20 days, when the shoots grow another 10-15 cm, the powder is repeated.

Rooted cuttings can be removed from the tree and transplanted to a permanent place either in the fall or next spring... It is preferable to separate the layers next spring.

Source: http://yablochkini.ru/vyrashhivaem-yagody/razmnozhenie-rjabiny-obyknovennoj/

Rowan red (ordinary) - a healer in the garden: how to grow, planting rules

Rowan red - popular medicinal plant... About his miraculous medicinal properties everyone knows - children and adults.

Scarlet fruits are actively used in folk medicine for the treatment and prevention of many diseases, various medicinal tinctures and decoctions are prepared from them. In order for the red rowan berries to always be at hand, you need to worry about planting a tree on your site.

This article will help you choose a place for rooting a seedling, prepare a suitable soil for it, teach you how to properly care for it and fertilize it.

Rowan varieties

In nature, there are about eighty species of mountain ash trees. Each of them grows in specific climatic conditions.

The most popular varieties:

mountain ash red (ordinary);
mountain ash alder;
Tibetan;

Red rowan fruits

Kashmir;
mixed;
rowan aria.

Rowan varieties:

Russian;
Home;
Nevezhinskaya;
pomegranate;

In our latitudes, the common mountain ash (red) is most often found. Her maximum height- 17-18 m, root system depth - up to 2 meters. Read about the methods of planting chokeberry and its beneficial properties here.

Choosing a place for a tree, a suitable period for planting

For planting rowan ordinary, it is best to choose a place that is located at the edge of the land. In this case, the tree will not grow in the shade, which is very good for its life, and will not cover vegetable beds with its crown.

Important! Trees tolerate cold very well, they are not afraid of even severe frosts.

Autumn is the best time to plant a tree outdoors. The earth has not yet cooled down, so the plant will quickly adapt to the new conditions of its existence. Until spring, it will have time to take root, and then it will actively grow and develop.

Preparing the site and pit for planting

Before planting a young tree in the ground, a set of preparatory work is performed. It includes:

digging holes (they are dug at a distance of 5-6 m from each other, the depth of each hole cannot be less than 60 cm, and the width - 80 cm);

soil preparation for each of the trees;
planting crops in the ground.

Important! In order for the plant to accurately take root in the selected area, experts recommend planting several copies of various varieties at once.

For each of the depressions, a nutrient soil must be prepared. It includes:

compost soil;
wood ash;
superphosphate fertilizer;
humus (not fresh, as it quickly burns young roots).

Tree planting technology:

At the bottom of the pit, drainage is laid out from pieces of broken brick, large rubble or expanded clay.

Fill with prepared soil.
Make a hole for planting a tree.
Cover the root system with earth.
Water the young seedling abundantly.

Taking care of the medicinal tree

The process of caring for mountain ash red is not as complicated as it might seem at first glance. It includes:

Watering the seedling (it should be done regularly, its frequency directly depends on the season).
Fertilizing the plant.
Cutting off broken branches, removing overgrowth on the trunk.
Loosening the soil near the root collar of the mountain ash tree.
Wood processing special means from pests and diseases.

Rowan care is simple: watering, pruning, feeding

Fertilization and feeding of red mountain ash

To feed mountain ash trees, use purchased fertilizers or infusions from droppings or mullein.

If finished products do not require preparation, but only adherence to the technology of their introduction into the soil, then it takes a little time to create a biovitamin substance.

Preparation of natural dressing:

From bird droppings: fresh bird droppings are poured with water, the mixture is kept for 3-4 weeks, stirred well, water is added (ratio 1:10), poured under the root.
From mullein: cow cakes, as well as bird droppings, are not poured big amount water, insist 3-4 weeks, stir with water (ratio 1: 5), pour under the root.

Organic dressings are very useful for mountain ash

Such vitamin supplements significantly activate the growth and development of mountain ash, they are carried out once a year.

Reproduction

The rowan reproduces in several ways, the most practiced of which are:

fruit seeds;
cuttings;
vaccinations.

The easiest option is to multiply by seeds (this work does not require a lot of effort, as well as waste of time). Planting is done in early spring or autumn.

Seed propagation technology:

The seeds are pre-soaked in water (kept for 3-5 hours).
The prepared seed is planted in the ground (at the rate of 150 pcs / 1 running meter).
Water abundantly.
Cover with dry foliage or straw (to prevent freezing).
Young shoots are transplanted to another place for further growing.

Common diseases of red rowan

Birds are the biggest enemy for mountain ash fruits. It is very difficult to fight with them, since birds use berries for their feeding, especially in the cold season.

Among other pests, it is worth noting:

caterpillar scoop;
sawflies;

ticks;
bark beetles;
mole, etc.

Although the red mountain ash is practically not susceptible to diseases, it is pests that bring the greatest damage. They can be dealt with both by folk methods and by purchased chemicals.

Plant red mountain ash on your site, you can check its benefits from personal experience!

Growing rowan: video

How to grow mountain ash: photo

Source: https://dachadizain.ru/derevya/ryabina-krasnaya-kak-vyrastit.html

Rowan ordinary is loved by Russian gardeners. In the old days, she was planted near houses to protect household members from the evil eye... This tall, beautiful tree retains its decorative effect in all seasons.

She is not only decorative, but possesses healing properties, as well as rowan berries are used for the preparation of pastilles, preserves, jams, liqueurs and tinctures. WITH detailed description characteristics of this variety of mountain ash can be found below.

Rowan is a tree with a height of 5 m and more. Sometimes it can reach a height of up to 20 m. An adult tree has a crown 6 m wide. It has a perfectly flat trunk. Therefore, rowan wood is very often used in joinery. The trunk and branches are smooth, grayish.

Mountain ash

The beautiful leaves of mountain ash are oblong and have an elongated shape. Unpaired, alternate. Due to its leaves, rowan is so popular in landscape design.

Rowan inflorescence is a panicle. The flowers are white or pale pink. They do not have a fragrant smell.

Begins fruiting 5-7 years after planting. Gives stable yields from the age of 30. Bears fruit abundantly every 3 years. It blooms in late May and early June. The berries appear in September. When ripe, they are red or black.

The color of the berries depends on the variety of mountain ash... The berries are round, usually bitter. There are varieties of mountain ash with a sweet taste. Despite the fact that they are inferior in taste to other berries, they are useful.

Due to its beneficial properties, it is successfully used in traditional medicine.

Rowan grows and develops in any soil, so it will not be difficult to grow a tree. It is better if the soil is moist, but not swampy. Does not love acidic soils, therefore, before planting, you need to lime it.

2-3 year old seedlings are suitable for planting. Best season for planting- this is the middle of autumn in warm areas. In the cold mid-September. Planting is also possible in spring.

Rowan is best planted in autumn.

For landing you will need:

Shovel.
Peg.
Watering bucket.
Leg-split.

Prepare the landing site in advance... Dig up and clear weeds. If several trees are planted, then the distance between them is 4-5 m.

Dig a hole 80 cm deep and 50 cm wide. If the seedling has a powerful root system, then the planting hole should be larger. Such that the roots fit freely in it.

In the soil that was taken out when digging the hole, add:

Superphosphate 600 grams.
Humus 12 kg.
Potassium salt 130 grams.

Mix all components thoroughly with earth.

Pour a drainage layer on the bottom of the pit. Pebbles or coarse sand are suitable as drainage. Pour a mound of prepared earth on the drainage. Put a rowan seedling on it. Drive a peg into the center. Spread out roots and cover with soil. Trample it around the trunk. Sprinkle with plenty of water. Mulch the soil around the tree with humus... Tie it with twine to a peg.

The root collar, after settling the earth, should be at the level of the soil.

Rowan is unpretentious in care... Loves abundant watering. Moisture deficiencies will retard the growth and development of the tree.
Regular loosening of the soil around the stem... Rowan gives abundant root growth, which must be removed so that a shrub does not turn out. In this case, you do not need to leave the hemp.

Rowan root growth must be removed

For better growth and the development of mountain ash needs top dressing. In spring, nitrogen fertilizers are needed:

Mullein 1 kg.
Urea 10 grams.
Ammonium nitrate 15 grams.

The components are diluted in 10 liters of water.

In the fall, phosphorus-potash is added.

Tall rowan varieties require formative pruning... Dry branches are cut in the spring. The cut is made at an angle of 45 degrees.

Picking berries

Do not delay the collection of rowan fruits. Firstly, it is pecked by birds. Secondly, it becomes tasteless. That's why harvesting occurs at the end of August, beginning of September.

Over time, every gardener has a desire to propagate a mountain ash bush. After all, this decorative tree not only beautiful, but also useful. Rowan can reproduce in several ways:

Seeds.
Oculated.
Vaccination.
Layers.

Seed propagation

The most popular and simple propagation of mountain ash is by seeds. For this method, the collected seeds in order for them to sprout must undergo stratification for 3-6 months.

Rowan seeds

To prepare seeds for planting, pick a ripe handful from the mountain ash. Gently mash the berries and rinse the seeds thoroughly with running water. Then mix with peat. Place the mixture in a container and place in cool place at a temperature of 1 degree.

The most suitable premises for the stratification of seeds, this is the basement.

If there is no basement, place the container with seeds on the top shelf of the refrigerator. Don't forget to moisturize. After the time has elapsed, the seeds should hatch. Now take the seed container out into the air. Bury it in the snow. Plant the seeds in open ground in the spring.

For planting seeds, dig up the area... The soil should be loose and fertile. Free it from the weeds. Apply humus, superphosphate and potash fertilizers. Seeds are planted in grooves with a distance of 25 cm from each other. The depth of planting in the soil is 2-3 cm. Cover with light soil (mix humus or peat with soil).

Thickened seedlings will need to be thinned out. Leave 8 cm between the plants.

V further care for plants consists of:

Loosening.
Weeding.
Top dressing.

The first feeding is given to young mountain ash when 2-3 true leaves appear. Make a solution of urea or ammonium nitrate. After about a month, feeding should be repeated.

Overgrowth common mountain ash

Reproduction by shoots is not difficult way reproduction. For a good result, you must follow the rules:

For reproduction, shoots of 2-3 years of life are taken.
Separate it carefully from the mother tree.
Leave the growth in place for growing.
After two years, transplant the grown bush to a permanent place.

Layers

To get good layering for reproduction, a two-year-old shoot is used.

Reproduction scheme of common mountain ash horizontal layers

The mother bush must be spud. Be sure to fertilize with humus. Dig up the soil shallowly. Remove the collection grass.

Dig grooves from an adult bush... Depth 10 cm. Place the shoots in the grooves. Strengthen it with fork-shaped hooks. In order for the growth to take root better, make small cuts on the bark. Tie the stem of the mountain ash to the peg. After two years, if the cuttings have developed a good root system, the cuttings are transplanted to a permanent place.

Oculated

This breeding method is complex and is used to propagate varietal mountain ash.

For the stock, take seedlings of a simple rowan... Since its bark is plastic, it can be easily separated and provides good engraftment.

Stages of budding a simple rowan

Rowan peeling is done in early August. The process is the same as for apple, pear and other fruit trees. The difference is the cultivation of a rowan seedling.

More on the reproduction of fruit trees and plants:

Correct reproduction of raspberries
Cherry propagation methods at home
4 ways to propagate plums

A year after budding, cut the rootstock on a thorn. The height will be approximately 28 cm. Remove all the kidneys on it. A shoot that has grown from a grafted kidney must be tied to a thorn.

A year later, they begin to form a crown. The upper part of the seedling is removed. Where the kidneys are close together. The cut is made at an acute angle to the trunk.

For planting in parks and alleys, the tree is formed high; for gardens, the crown is cut so that it is short. Usually, 3 skeletal branches are laid in the first tier.

Since the mountain ash begins to grow very early, planting should be carried out in the autumn. Fertile, light soils are recommended for planting. As a top dressing, organic matter, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are introduced.

Trees are planted according to the 6 * 4 or 6 * 3 m scheme. The holes are prepared 60 cm deep, 80 cm wide. A drainage layer of 10-15 cm is poured onto the bottom. A couple of buckets of humus are placed on it. And also superphosphate 250 grams, potassium salt in the amount of 100.

Cover the top with soil, and plant seedlings.

When planting budded seedlings, keep in mind that the root collar at the beginning should be about 5 cm above ground level. After the earth settles, it will be at ground level.

Seedlings are regularly watered during the growing season. Weed. So that the earth does not dry out under them, the near-stem circle is mulched with peat, humus or straw.

In the fall, you need to whitewash the trunks to protect against sunburn in the spring.... So that young trees do not freeze out, in winter they need to be spud to a height of 30 cm.

Rowan in winter

Fertilizers for mountain ash are applied once every 4 years. When landing, it is shortened. In subsequent years, the removal of diseased, damaged branches is carried out. It is recommended to thin out the crown once every 5 years..

Older trees need anti-aging pruning. In this case, the main branches are shortened by ⅓ of the length. After rejuvenating pruning, be sure to add top dressing. Organic and mineral fertilizers are applied under the rowan tree circle.

Rowan, in its decorativeness, occupies perhaps the first place among trees. She is beautiful in all seasons. In winter, it is decorated with red berry beads. From spring to autumn, a riot of colors of foliage.

And even more so that mountain ash is not only an ornamental tree, but it is also very useful... It is successfully used in folk medicine for diseases.

Therefore, it is advisable to plant a beautiful mountain ash in your garden.

Source: http://profermu.com/sad/derevia/riabina/obyknovennaya.html

How to grow rowan from seeds and branches

Rowan (Sorbus) is a genus of deciduous trees and shrubs of the Pink family, uniting, according to various sources, from 84 to 100 species.

The Latin name comes from the Celtic word "sorb" - bitter, thus hinting at the tart taste of the famous fiery scarlet fruits.

The most famous and valuable representative of the genus is the common or red mountain ash, the specific name of which translates as “to lure the birds”. Enterprising hunters, knowing about the birds' passion for the bitter berry, used it as bait.

In Russia, there is a special attitude to mountain ash: poems, fairy tales, songs, proverbs were dedicated to it, and the beauty is called in different regions of the country in their own way - yarembina, hornbeam, hazel ash, grove, gerzhenbin, orobin.

WITH long ago liqueurs, kvass, preserves, pie fillings and medicinal decoctions were prepared from its ripe berries.

And in the old days, numerous magical properties: It was believed that a tree planted in the front garden would protect the house from witchcraft and dashing people, and a staff made of it would protect the traveler on the road.

Today, the magical abilities of mountain ash are considered prejudice, but in garden culture it is still a welcome guest. Well, no wonder! The closest relative of apple and cherry is unusually good-looking, unpretentious in content and perfectly adapted to the harsh conditions of the middle lane.

In addition, rowan is very plastic and easily multiplies by everyone. known methods... So if you have a tree in mind, an exact copy of which you would like to get hold of, then it is not at all necessary to spend money on purchased seedlings. After all, it is much more interesting to grow a slender guardian tree on your own. This is not at all difficult to do.

Growing from seeds

For generative (seed) reproduction of mountain ash, collect the ripe large berries at the end of the season, mash them with a fork and fill clean water... When the pulp emerges, wash the seeds, sow them into the fertile soil dug up to a depth of 5-10 mm and cover the crops with fallen leaves.

If you plan to sow rowan in spring, then the collected material should be carefully prepared:

Dry the washed seeds until they are loose.
Spread the seeds on damp gauze or filter paper, place in a container with a hermetically sealed lid and store at a temperature of + 12 ... + 15 ° C.
In early January, that is, about 4 months before the start of sowing, put the container in the refrigerator, where the material should be stratified until spring at a temperature of 0 ... + 1 ° C.

Immediately after the snow melts, the cold-treated seeds are embedded in slightly moist soil to a depth of 6–8 cm and the surface of the bed is mulched with humus or sawdust.

When the first pair of leaves is formed in the grown seedlings, a pick is made, during which a distance of 3-4 cm is left between neighboring plants.

Next time, young mountain ash is planted in the phase of 4–5 leaves with a step of 7–10 cm.

In summer, seedlings are regularly watered, fed with weak organic infusions, weeded and loosened the soil of the trunk circle. With the onset of autumn, the trees are transplanted to a special garden bed, where they grow for another 2-3 years.

Your mountain ash will begin fruiting in the fourth or fifth year. The seed method is very good, but unfortunately, it is applicable only to species of the genus.

Valuable varietal rowan berries of hybrid origin are recommended to be propagated vegetatively to preserve their maternal characteristics.

Cuttings

It is very convenient to grow rowan from cuttings, lignified or green. In the first case, the procurement of material and planting work begins in the second half of September:

One or more annual shoots growing on two to four year old branches are taken from the selected mountain ash tree.
Cuttings 15–20 cm long are cut from the lower or middle part of the shoot; the top with unripe wood is not suitable for this purpose. The upper cut is made oblique, the lower cut is straight, just under the eye. Each cutting should have at least 5-6 healthy viable buds.
Cuttings are planted on a bed at an angle of 45 °, leaving only 2 upper buds above the ground, after which they are squeezed with soil, watered and mulched the soil surface with dry peat.

For green cuttings of mountain ash during the active growing season, young tops of the shoots are cut from any part of the crown. The further procedure is as follows:

Cuttings 10-15 cm long are cleaned of the lower leaves, and 2-3 leaf plates at the crown are shortened by 2/3.
The lower sections of the cuttings are immersed for 6-12 hours in a solution of the root-forming drug (Heteroauxin, Kornevin), after which they are rinsed under running water.
Cuttings are planted in a cold greenhouse obliquely at intervals of 3-4 cm. The best substrate for rooting is a mixture of peat and sand (1: 1).
The plantings are sprayed with settled water and each future mountain ash is covered with a transparent cap (a 5-liter plastic bottle with a cut out bottom is suitable).

With systematic watering and high (95-100%) ambient humidity, green cuttings take root in 3-4 weeks. They are left to winter in a greenhouse, and in the spring of next year they are transplanted to a garden bed.

Budding

If you are lucky enough to get a sprig of varietal rowan, you can try the method of grafting a bud (eye) on your own rooted seedling:

Prepare the stock: wipe off the dust from the stem with a damp cloth, then make a T-shaped cut in the bark on the north side at a height of 5–8 cm from the ground.
Remove foliage from the varietal shoot and cut off a well-developed bud with a fragment of bark and wood (heel). Optimal length heels - 2.5-3 cm, width - 0.3-0.5 cm.
Carefully insert the bud with your heel into the rootstock incision, squeeze the bark with your fingers and wrap the graft site with plastic wrap so that only the bud is left outside.
After 2-3 weeks, the bandage can be removed, and in March-April of next year, cut off the upper part of the rootstock, leaving a 5-7 cm thorn above the bud.

Fruiting in grafted seedlings occurs early - at 3-4 years, however, the budding method has a significant drawback - the branches from which you will take the buds must be cut from the mother tree on the day of vaccination. In extreme cases, the cuttings can be put in the refrigerator for 1-2 days.

Landing in the ground

When choosing a place in the garden, it should be borne in mind that mountain ash adores the sun and does not tolerate prolonged stagnation of moisture. It is desirable that the site be protected from the prevailing winds by buildings or strong mature trees. The best soil for culture - light or medium loam, moderately moist and nutritious.

Planting is carried out in the spring (before the buds awaken) or in the fall (1.5 months before the soil freezes):

Dig a hole in the area 0.8 m deep and 1 m in diameter for tall rowan trees or 0.5 m deep and 0.8 m in diameter for a small variety seedling.
Fill the hole with nutritious soil mixed with humus or peat (2-3 buckets). Add superphosphate (200-300 g) and potassium salt (100-150 g). When planting in acidic soil, the fertile mixture should be diluted with lime (1 kg).
Plant plants with a root collar 4–5 cm deep.
After planting, pour 2 buckets of water under each tree.
Cut off the skeletal shoots of young mountain ash by 1/3 of the length, and shorten the central conductor so that it rises 20-25 cm above the branches.
The final stage of work is mulching the trunk circle with peat or humus.

Note! For better pollination, experts recommend having 2-3 different varieties of mountain ash in one area. Low-growing trees are planted every 2-3 m, between medium-sized and high trees, a distance of 4-4.5 m should be maintained.

Use in landscape design

Rowan can be grown both in combination with other plants and as a soloist.

A lonely tree planted, strewn with clusters of scarlet berries, will look natural and somewhat mysterious, and in a group rowan is in perfect harmony with deciduous trees(maple, linden, black poplar), conifers (spruce, thuja, fir, pine) and ornamental shrubs (snowberry, honeysuckle, spirea). A weeping rowan tree is perfect for decorating arches and gazebos.

Be sure to plant a mountain ash next to your house - you will not be disappointed. This graceful tree, like a strong thread, connects generations, because our ancestors still loved to admire it. Maybe that's why next to the mountain ash it becomes so easy and warm in the soul.

Rowan (Latin Sorbus) is a genus of woody plants of the Apple tribe of the Pink family, in which, according to various sources, there are from 80 to 100 species. And the plant common mountain ash, or red (Latin Sorbus aucuparia)- a fruit tree, a species of the Rowan genus, widespread almost throughout Europe, in Asia Minor and in the Caucasus. The range of the species reaches the Far North, and in the mountains the red mountain ash already in the form of a bush rises to the border of vegetation. The generic name sorbus comes from the Celtic language, translates as "tart, bitter" and characterizes the taste of rowan fruits. The specific name comes from Latin words, translated as “bird” and “to catch”: the fruits of mountain ash attracted birds and were used to bait them.

For a long time, mountain ash has been part of the culture of the Slavs, Scandinavians and Celts, who endowed it magic power: it was believed that she patronized the soldiers in battles, protected from the world of the dead and from witchcraft. The rowan berry from the bottom looks like an equilateral five pointed star- one of the oldest pagan symbols of protection. During the wedding, rowan leaves were placed in the shoes of newlyweds, and travel staffs were made from its wood. The rowan was planted next to the dwelling, and it was considered a very bad omen to damage or destroy the tree.

Planting and caring for mountain ash (in short)

Bloom: usually in mid-May.
Landing: before the start of sap flow in the spring or during the period of leaf fall.
Lighting: bright sunlight.
The soil: fertile, well-drained, medium to light loamy.
Watering: mandatory and frequent after planting, annually at the beginning of the growing season, 2-3 weeks before harvest, 2-3 weeks after harvest. Water consumption - 2-3 buckets per tree.
Top dressing: starting from the third year after planting: in the spring - with humus and ammonium nitrate, in the first days of summer - with a solution of mullein (1: 5), bird droppings (1:10) or Agrolife (according to the instructions), and at the end of summer - wood ash and superphosphate.
Cropping: in early spring.
Reproduction: grafting, green and lignified cuttings, shoots and layering.
Pests: weevils, apple fruit sawflies, moths, rowan gall mites, bark beetles, green apple aphids, scale insects.
Diseases: anthracnose, septoria, brown and gray spots, powdery mildew, moniliosis, scab, rust, necrosis (black, nectria and cytosporous) and viral ring mosaic.
Properties: is a medicinal plant, the fruits of which have a choleretic, diaphoretic, diuretic and hemostatic effect.

Read more about rowan cultivation below.

Rowan tree - description

The mountain ash is a tree or shrub and reaches a height of no more than 12 m. Its crown is rounded, its shoots are pubescent, grayish-red. The bark of mature plants is smooth, shiny, yellow-gray or gray-brown. The alternate pinnate leaves of rowan reach a length of 20 cm and consist of 7-15 elongated, pointed leaves jagged along the edge, green and matte on the upper side and lighter and pubescent on the lower. In autumn, the leaves are colored in golden and red tones.

Numerous white five-membered rowan flowers with a not very pleasant smell are collected in dense terminal shields up to 10 cm in diameter.The fruit is orange-red juicy apple up to 1 cm in diameter. Rowan blossoms begin in May or June, and the fruits ripen by the end of summer or early fall.

Rowan does not tolerate gas pollution and smokiness of the air, as well as waterlogging and waterlogging of the soil.

Mountain ash wood is hard and resilient, but at the same time it lends itself well to processing. Since ancient times, spindles and runes have been made from it. A dye for fabric is produced from rowan berries.

Rowan planting

Since the mountain ash tree grows quite tall, it is wise to plant it at the edge of the garden so that it does not obscure the area. The mountain ash prefers fertile soils (medium and light loams, which retain moisture well), however, it grows normally in more scarce soils. Rowan is planted, like other fruit trees, in the spring, before the start of sap flow, or in the fall, during the leaf fall. If you expect to harvest berries, then plant several varieties at once.

When choosing rowan seedlings, pay attention to the state of their root system: it must be well developed and healthy, that is, have 2-3 main branches longer than 20 cm.If the plant's roots are weathered and dry, it is better not to buy such planting material. The bark of the seedling should be smooth and not wrinkled. Tear off a small piece of bark and look at the inside of it: it should be green, not brown like a dead plant. Seedlings are prepared for planting by removing diseased, dried and broken roots and shoots. Front autumn planting they also remove leaves from the branches of the seedling, being careful not to damage the buds in their sinuses.

Rowan seedlings are placed on the site with an interval of 4-6 m from each other and from other trees. The depth and diameter of the pit is 60-80 cm. Prepare a mixture of 5 kg of peat compost and the topsoil, add 2-3 shovels of rotted manure, 200 g of superphosphate and 100 g of wood ash and mix everything well. Fill the pits with this mixture by a third, then fill the pit halfway with ordinary earth, pour a bucket of water into it and let it soak.

Dip the roots of the seedling into a clay mash, place it in the center of the hole, and fill the space with the remaining potting mix or soil from the topsoil. After planting, compact the area around the seedling well and water it. The seedling should be 2-3 cm deeper in the ground than it grew in the nursery. When the water is absorbed, cover the trunk circle with a layer of humus, peat, hay, grass, straw, sawdust or other organic material 5-10 cm thick.

Rowan care

Growing rowan in the garden

The cultivation of mountain ash involves the implementation of the usual procedures for a gardener: watering, weeding, loosening the soil, feeding, pruning, measures to protect against diseases and pests.

Rowan is watered during the absence of precipitation, and this is necessarily done at the beginning of the growing season and after planting in the ground, as well as two to three weeks before harvesting and two to three weeks after it. It is better to pour water into the grooves made around the perimeter of the trunk circle. Calculation of water - 2-3 buckets per plant, however, when determining the required amount water should take into account the age of the plant, the composition and condition of the soil.

Loosening of the soil in the near-trunk circle is carried out in early spring, then 2-3 times during the summer and always immediately after harvesting. It is more convenient to loosen the surface on the second day after watering or rain, while removing weeds. After loosening, the trunk circle is again mulched with organic matter.

Systemic fertilizing increases the yield of mountain ash. From the third year of life, in the spring, 5-8 kg of compost or humus and 50 g of ammonium nitrate are applied under the trees. In the first days of June, 10 liters of mullein solution (1: 5) or bird droppings (1:10) are poured under each mountain ash. Agrolife solution can replace organics. At the end of summer, half a liter of wood ash and 100 g of superphosphate should be added under the trees.

Rowan is cut in early spring, before the buds begin to awaken: shoots are removed that extend at right angles, diseased, shrunken and growing deeper into the crown. In rowan varieties that bear fruit on last year's shoots, branches need to be thinned and slightly shortened, and in those that bear fruit on various types of fruit formations, they systematically thin out and rejuvenate ringlets and shorten skeletal branches.

In general, pruning is done to evenly illuminate the crown, which contributes to a higher yield. However, the crown of the mountain ash is pyramidal, therefore, the branches grow at an acute angle to the trunk, and this deprives them of their strength. When forming skeletal branches, your task is to try to bring them out at a right or obtuse angle.

Trees with low growth need rejuvenating pruning, which is done on two- or three-year-old wood to induce new shoots to grow.

Mountain ash pests and diseases

The first signs of damage to a tree by pests or pathogenic infections may appear as early as May-June. What kind of ailments does this culture suffer from? Rowan is affected by anthracnose, septoria, brown and gray spots, powdery mildew, monoliosis, scab, rust, necrosis (black, nectric and cytosporous) and viral ring mosaic. If you purchased a healthy seedling, and rowan planting and care were carried out in accordance with the agricultural technology of the crop, then the tree is unlikely to have health problems: only weakened plants are affected by diseases. However, you need to be prepared for any trouble.

Let's say right away that diseases such as mosaic and all types of necrosis cannot be cured, therefore, preventive measures are the most important way to protect mountain ash from damage by these incurable ailments. They consist in careful selection of seedlings, pre-sowing treatment of the soil from infections, destruction of virus-carrying insects, and keeping the trunks clean. It is very important to carefully examine the trees in the garden as often as possible, because it is much easier to defeat the disease at the very beginning of its development than to save an already dying plant.

In our articles on planting and growing fruit trees of the Pink family, we have repeatedly described the signs of the most common diseases and how to deal with them, and you can get about it. detailed information, referring to the articles already posted on the site about apple, pear, plum and other related rowan ordinary crops.

weevils, which are destroyed with Karbofos;
bark beetles: against them, rowan is treated with Aktara, Confidor and Lepidocide;
moths: Chlorophos, Karbofos or Cyanox are used in the fight against these pests;
mountain ash gall mites are destroyed by colloidal sulfur;
mountain ash moths do not tolerate treatment with Chlorophos;
green apple aphid is killed by Actellik and Decis;
scabies are destroyed by the drug 30 Plus;
apple fruit sawflies die after processing rowan with white mustard infusion (10 g of mustard powder is poured into 1 liter of water, insisted for a day, then diluted with water 1: 5).

Treatment of rowan on the leaves before the start of sap flow with a solution of 100 g can save from damage by pests copper sulfate in 10 liters of water. They have proven themselves well and spring treatments trees and soil beneath them with Nitrafen. For preventive purposes, fallen leaves are removed from under the trees every autumn and plant residues and dig up the soil in the near-trunk circles.

Rowan propagation

Rowan ordinary reproduces by seed and vegetative methods. Seeds, as a rule, propagate the species rowan. Sowing seeds is carried out in the fall: they are washed from the pulp, sealed to a depth of 5-10 mm and mulched from above with fallen leaves. If you decide to sow seeds in the spring, then mix them with coarse sand (1: 3) and hold them for one to two months before sowing. room temperature, and then 3-4 months in the vegetable drawer of the refrigerator. When seedlings appear, they are regularly watered and weeded, the soil around them is loosened, and in the fall the seedlings are transplanted into a school. Rowan from seeds begins to bear fruit in the fourth or fifth year.

Valuable varieties of mountain ash are propagated vegetatively: by grafting, lignified and green cuttings, shoots and layering. Rootstocks for grafting varietal cuttings can be seedlings of rowan, Nevezhin or Moravian. Budding is carried out in April, at the beginning of sap flow, or in July-August. The dressing from the vaccination site is removed after 3 weeks. The top of the stock is cut off, leaving a thorn, to which the growing varietal shoot is subsequently tied.

Only self-rooted trees are propagated by shoots. In the process of rooting of green cuttings, only 45 to 60% of the planting material takes root, and lignified rowan cuttings are rooted even worse.

Types and varieties of mountain ash

Many types of mountain ash are grown in the culture. Some of them are ornamental plants, but most of them are fruit-bearing.

grows wild in the Khabarovsk Territory, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and Japan. it beautiful bush up to 2.5 m high with a sparse ovoid or rounded crown, naked straight dark brown shoots with a bluish bloom, gray branches with conspicuous lenticels and odd-pinnate leaves up to 18 cm long with lanceolate stipules. The leaves consist of 7-15 sharply serrated, oval dark green leaves, almost glabrous and shiny, located on reddish petioles. Reddish or white flowers up to 1.5 cm in diameter are collected in complex shields. Pedicels and twigs are covered with reddish pubescence. Juicy edible spherical bright red fruits up to 1.5 cm in diameter have a sweet-sour taste without bitterness and have a pleasant aroma. They can persist on bushes until spring. The species is characterized by winter hardiness, drought resistance and unpretentiousness to soil conditions.

or medicinal bank naturally distributed in the Caucasus, Crimea, southwestern Ukraine, Western Europe and Asia Minor, growing singly or in small groups. This tree is up to 25 m high with dark gray bark in longitudinal cracks on the trunks and olive on young shoots. The leaves of the plant are broadly ovate, simple, up to 18 cm long, round and cordate at the base and pointed, with 3-5 lobes at the top. The upper side of the leaf plate is shiny, dark green, the lower side is pubescent. In autumn, the leaves turn orange or yellow. White flowers up to 1 cm in diameter form loose corymbose inflorescences up to 8 cm in diameter. Orange or reddish rounded fruits up to 18 mm in diameter turn brown over time. Their pulp is sweet and sour, mealy. The species is highly winter-hardy, but does not tolerate drought very well. The glogovin rowan has two decorative forms:

with pinnately dissected leaves;
with pubescent leaves.

or large-fruited mountain ash (Crimean) grows in the Crimea and in the south of Western Europe in the undergrowth of deciduous forests in groups or singly. It is a slow-growing tree up to 15 m high with a spherical or wide-pyramidal crown. Its bark is fractured from a young age, but the shoots are smooth, almost glabrous and shiny. Complex, pinnate leaves up to 18 cm long consist of lanceolate sharp-serrate smooth and shiny green leaves up to 5 cm long.Pinkish or white flowers up to 1.5 cm in diameter form branched, wide-pyramidal tomentose-pubescent inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter. The fruits of Crimean mountain ash are pear-shaped or oblong-ovate, up to 3 cm in diameter, red, greenish-yellow or brown, with astringent and aromatic mealy pulp of sweetish taste with a large number of stony cells. The species is almost not affected by pests and is distinguished by drought resistance and winter hardiness. Has two forms:

apple-shaped;
pear-shaped.

or aria, or powdery mountain ash found in the mountains of Southern and Central Europe and the Carpathians. This is a vigorous tree up to 12 m high with a broad-pyramidal crown, light brown or red-brown bark on the trunk and tomentose-pubescent shoots. The leaves of this species are whole, leathery, rounded-elliptical, sharply double-serrate at the edges. When opened, the leaves are white-felt, then the upper side of the leaf plate turns green, and by autumn the leaves turn to shades of bronze, and the tree looks like an alder. Aria's flowers are white, collected in corymbose inflorescences up to 8 cm in diameter. Fruits are edible, spherical, orange-pink or orange-red, up to 1.5 cm in diameter. The pulp is sweet and sour, mealy, inferior in taste to sweet-fruited varieties. In culture, the species since 1880, has several garden forms:

Dekaisne- a plant with larger leaves and flowers;
edible- with oblong or elliptical leaves and larger fruits than the main species;
chrysophylla- variety with yellowish leaves throughout the season and oily yellow in autumn;
manifesto- a tree with snow-white leaves when blooming, which turn green from above in summer and turn bronze in autumn. Fruits are red, pubescent with white hair;
majestic- a tree that reaches a height of 15 m, but does not form fruit.

- a natural hybrid of common mountain ash and intermediate mountain ash, representatives of which can be found in the nature of Northern Europe. The plant has compound leaves, which are a combination of simple lobed and feathery leaves. Above, the leaves are naked, green, below they are covered with a whitish or grayish down. Another natural hybrid is often grown in culture - the Thuringian variety, formed by crossing the mountain ash with the round-leaved mountain ash. In this plant, the blades on the leaves are not so deeply cut, they are wider and more blunt than those of the leaves of the hybrid mountain ash.

Mountain ash

the description of which we gave at the beginning of the article has many decorative forms, differing in the outline of the crown, the color of fruits and leaves: Burka, liqueur, pomegranate, Michurin dessert, Russian, pyramidal, weeping, Beisner, Nevezhin, Moravian, or sweet, Fifeana ... All of them are very beautiful during the entire growing season, but oh some need to be told in more detail:

nevezhin variety of common mountain ash outwardly it differs little from the main species, but its fruits are devoid of astringency and bitterness even in an immature state, while the fruits of the main species become edible only after the first frost;
mountain ash is sweet or Moravian, was discovered in the Sudeten Mountains. It has more delicate leaves than other rowan trees, and it blooms a little later, and its inflorescence sometimes contains up to 150 flowers. The fruits of the Moravian mountain ash are scarlet-red with orange juicy pulp of sweet and sour taste;
mountain ash- the variety obtained by Michurin from crossing the mountain ash with black chokeberry. It is a very hardy plant with purple-black fruits;
mountain ash pomegranate- the result of crossing the common mountain ash with large-fruited hawthorn, obtained in 1925. The tree reaches a height of only 4 m. It has simple, smooth and shiny dark green leaves up to 17 cm long, pinnately dissected in the lower part, and whole, ovoid or elliptical in the upper part. The fruits of the plant are burgundy, cherry-sized sweet and sour berries. Rowan pomegranate is characterized by high winter hardiness;
rowan burka was bred in 1918 by crossing Alpine mountain ash and common mountain ash. Her leaves are simple, pinnately dissected, slightly pubescent, dark green in color. Fruits are oval-oblong, medium-sized, red-brown. The plant retains its decorative effect throughout the season;
mountain ash michurinskaya dessert- a hybrid between German medlar and liqueur mountain ash. This is a tree up to 3 m high with a wide crown and complex pinnate leaves up to 18 cm long, consisting of 6-7 pairs of light green, slightly pubescent leaves on the underside. The dark red, medium-sized fruits of this mountain ash resemble those of a medlar in shape. The plant is very decorative and winter hardiness.

In addition to those described, such types of mountain ash as mixed, intermediate, or Swedish, alder, Köne, Vilmorena, Amur and some others are grown in culture.

As for the varieties of mountain ash, the best of them are:

Bead- medium-sized tree with juicy fruits that taste like cranberries;
Vefed- winter-hardy and high-yielding sweet-fruit variety for table and dessert purposes with elegant yellow-pink fruits;
Sunny- a stably fruiting variety, whose bright orange fruits with a red blush are tasty both fresh and ground with sugar;
Sorbinka- a winter-hardy and productive variety with large red fruits suitable for processing and for fresh eating.

Such varieties of rowan as Kirsten Pink, Red Tip, Carpet of Gold, White Max, Shimi Glow, Leonard Springer, Fastigiata, Integerrima, Jermins, Titan and others are also in demand in culture.

Mountain ash is also combined with deciduous trees - linden, black poplar, maple, ash and white willow. Many types of mountain ash emphasize the beauty of viburnum, mountain ash, honeysuckle and wrinkled rose. A bushy rowan hedge will be an excellent backdrop for perennial flowers. However, when planning the planting of mountain ash in one place or another, it should be borne in mind that it does not tolerate gas pollution and smoke from city air.

Mountain ash properties - harm and benefit

Useful properties of mountain ash

Rowan berries contain a huge amount of vitamin C, it is even more in them than in lemons. In addition to ascorbic acid, rowan fruits contain vitamins P, B2, PP, K and E, as well as provitamin A, glycosides, amino acids, pectins, bitterness, tannins, organic acids (succinic, citric and malic), flavonoids, iodine, potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, alcohols, essential oil and phytoncides. Rowan fruits have a choleretic, diaphoretic, diuretic and hemostatic effect. In Hungary, they are used to treat dysentery, in Norway, mountain ash is used for edema and as a wound healing agent, and in Bulgaria, the fruits are used to remove kidney stones.

Rowan juice stimulates the appetite, therefore it is prescribed for exhaustion, as well as for rheumatic pains, stones in the bladder and kidneys. It relieves puffiness, lowers blood cholesterol levels, normalizes metabolism, stops bleeding and has an antimicrobial effect. The use of juice is shown for gout, atherosclerosis, asthenia, capillary fragility, hypertension, arrhythmias, bleeding and malignant tumors, as well as for carbon monoxide poisoning.

Useful properties are possessed not only by fruits, but also flowers, and leaves, and mountain ash bark. A decoction of the bark is used in the treatment of hypertension, and to combat scurvy, a preparation from rowan leaves is prescribed, since they contain even more vitamin C than fruits. And in case of metabolic disorders, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and colds in folk medicine, drugs are used from the fruits and flowers of mountain ash.

Externally, mountain ash is used for burns, wounds, warts and various inflammations.

As a multivitamin, the fruits of mountain ash are a raw material for the confectionery industry. They produce sweets, liqueurs, vodka, liqueurs and liqueurs, jam, marmalade, jelly, marshmallow, preserves and soft drinks.

In veterinary medicine, a saturated decoction of rowan fruits is used to treat lung diseases in animals.

And for healthy people, a tonic drink will be very useful in the morning: take in the evening a full tablespoon of dried or fresh fruits of barberry, mountain ash and rose hips, place them in a three-liter thermos, pour boiling water and screw the lid on. Drink this tea throughout the first half of the day, after which again pour boiling water over these fruits, let them brew and drink again. After you drink the secondary tea, take the fruits out of the thermos, crush them and again pour boiling water over them in the thermos. Thus, you use the same fruits three times, and with each cup of tea your body will receive vitamins and biologically active substances.

Rowan red is a popular medicinal plant. Everyone - children and adults - knows about its miraculous healing properties. Scarlet fruits are actively used in folk medicine for the treatment and prevention of many diseases; various medicinal tinctures and decoctions are prepared from them. In order for the red rowan berries to always be at hand, you need to worry about planting a tree on your site. This article will help you choose a place for rooting a seedling, prepare a suitable soil for it, teach you how to properly care for it and fertilize it.

Rowan varieties

In nature, there are about eighty species of mountain ash trees. Each of them grows in specific climatic conditions.

The most popular varieties:

mountain ash red (ordinary);
mountain ash alder;
Tibetan;

Kashmir;
mixed;
rowan aria.

Rowan varieties:

Russian;
Home;
Nevezhinskaya;
pomegranate;

titanium;
ruby.

In our latitudes, the common mountain ash (red) is most often found. Its maximum height is 17-18 m, the depth of the root system is up to 2 meters. Read about the methods of planting chokeberry and its beneficial properties.

Choosing a place for a tree, a suitable period for planting

Important! Trees tolerate cold very well, they are not afraid of even severe frosts.

Preparing the site and pit for planting

Before planting a young tree in the ground, a set of preparatory work is performed. It includes:

digging holes (they are dug at a distance of 5-6 m from each other, the depth of each hole cannot be less than 60 cm, and the width - 80 cm);

soil preparation for each of the trees;
planting crops in the ground.

Important! In order for the plant to accurately take root in the selected area, experts recommend planting several copies of various varieties at once.

For each of the depressions, a nutrient soil must be prepared. It includes:

compost soil;
wood ash;
superphosphate fertilizer;
humus (not fresh, as it quickly burns young roots).

Tree planting technology:

At the bottom of the pit, drainage is laid out from pieces of broken brick, large rubble or expanded clay.

Fill with prepared soil.
Make a hole for planting a tree.
Cover the root system with earth.
Water the young seedling abundantly.

Taking care of the medicinal tree

The process of caring for mountain ash red is not as complicated as it might seem at first glance. It includes:

Watering the seedling (it should be done regularly, its frequency directly depends on the season).
Fertilizing the plant.
Cutting off broken branches, removing overgrowth on the trunk.
Loosening the soil near the root collar of the mountain ash tree.
Treatment of wood with special agents against pests and diseases.

Fertilization and feeding of red mountain ash

To feed mountain ash trees, use purchased fertilizers or infusions from droppings or mullein.

If the finished products do not require preparation, but only compliance with the technology of their introduction into the soil, then a little time needs to be spent on the creation of a biovitamin substance.

Preparation of natural dressing:

From bird droppings: fresh bird droppings are poured with water, the mixture is kept for 3-4 weeks, stirred well, water is added (ratio 1:10), poured under the root.
From mullein: cow cakes, as well as bird droppings, are poured with a small amount of water, infused for 3-4 weeks, stirred with water (ratio 1: 5), poured under the root.

Such vitamin supplements significantly activate the growth and development of mountain ash, they are carried out once a year.

Reproduction

The rowan reproduces in several ways, the most practiced of which are:

fruit seeds;
cuttings;
vaccinations.

The easiest option is to multiply by seeds (this work does not require a lot of effort, as well as waste of time). Planting is done in early spring or autumn.

Seed propagation technology:

The seeds are pre-soaked in water (kept for 3-5 hours).
The prepared seed is planted in the ground (at the rate of 150 pcs / 1 running meter).
Water abundantly.
Cover with dry foliage or straw (to prevent freezing).
Young shoots are transplanted to another place for further growing.

Common diseases of red rowan

Birds are the biggest enemy for mountain ash fruits. It is very difficult to fight with them, since birds use berries for their feeding, especially in the cold season.

Among other pests, it is worth noting:

caterpillar scoop;
sawflies;

ticks;
bark beetles;
mole, etc.

Although the red mountain ash is practically not susceptible to diseases, it is pests that bring the greatest damage. They can be dealt with both by folk methods and by purchased chemicals.

Plant red mountain ash on your site, you can check its benefits from personal experience!

Growing rowan: video

How to grow mountain ash: photo

A tree with bright berries will decorate your country cottage area and will become a source of vitamins. It is quite simple to grow rowan from seeds, but with this method of cultivation, some peculiarities must be taken into account. What can you do to get a viable tree and why your efforts sometimes fail? Try breeder-developed and field-proven techniques to get a strong plant out of a small seed.

If everything is done correctly, the mountain ash from the seeds grows large and beautiful.

How to extract rowan seeds and prepare them for planting

In nature, new trees grow from berries that have fallen into the ground, but the percentage of seedlings is not very high. In order not to waste time and increase the likelihood of obtaining new plants, it is better to use not berries, but carefully selected and prepared seeds:

The berries for sowing must ripen, therefore they should be picked in the fall, when they turn bright red and the leaves begin to fall off.
Rowan fruits are gently kneaded, filled with plenty of cool water, saturated with moisture for an hour and washed. At the same time, high-quality seeds sink to the bottom.
Successful reproduction of mountain ash by seeds will ensure their stratification. For this, peat, sawdust or any loose substrate are used. Well washed wet seeds are mixed with it. The mixture is laid in an even layer in an open container, moistened, kept for no more than a month at room temperature. After that, the container is removed until spring in a cool place.

Such preparation increases seed germination and accelerates their growth in spring. Some seeds turn out to be unviable, therefore it is advisable to take their quantity with a margin.

How to grow mountain ash from seeds

For planting better fit neutral soil, although there are no special requirements for acidity. It is important that the planting site is well moistened and sufficiently lit. In early spring, the seeds along with the substrate are planted on a prepared and fertilized bed. It is not necessary to deepen them much, it is enough to cover them with a 5 mm layer of soil.

The distance between the rows is chosen at least 25 cm, and the sowing density is a few seeds per 1 centimeter, taking into account the low germination rate. After emergence, excess plants break through. Seedlings grow rapidly and by autumn they reach half a meter in height. The growth rate is different for different soils.

Now the strongest plants are selected and transplanted to a permanent place. The mountain ash is unpretentious and, with a neat transplant, takes root and takes root well.