In nature, there are approximately 200 species of honeysuckle. Honeysuckle is unpretentious, winter-hardy, its flowers are very delicate, and the berries are very effective, and in some even edible. In natural conditions, the varieties of honeysuckle are distributed unevenly. Most of the species are concentrated in Southeast Asia. In general, honeysuckle grows in the northern hemisphere, occupying large territories in Europe and Asia.

Honeysuckle varieties

It can be found in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests of a temperate climate. Of course, by adapting, a shrub can have different shape growth and require different conditions for moisture, soil, light. In the tropics, there are evergreen honeysuckle species for which the temperate climate with its cold winters is not suitable.

Unfortunately, in today's gardens and parks, not most of the decorative types of honeysuckle are used. In addition to such very famous plants as Tatar honeysuckle and honeysuckle, there are a large number of different and resistant honeysuckles worthy of special attention.

Honeysuckle root system

Honeysuckle is located close to the surface. The foliage of the honeysuckle is opposite. As a rule, they are uniform in shape, all-edged, or with a wavy edge, elliptical or oval. The top of the leaf is pointed or rounded, less often pointed. Honeysuckle flowers are honey-bearing and have a scent. Honeysuckles have species with yellow, cream, white, crimson and pink flowers.

Flowers of climbing honeysuckle species are collected in capitate inflorescences, usually without pedicels. The inflorescences are surrounded by oval or round discs formed by the accretion of leaves.

Honeysuckle berries are red, orange, blue or black. These are berries with very small seeds.

In edible varieties of honeysuckle, the berries are dark blue, variable in shape.

Even for the most novice gardeners, honeysuckle is an ideal tree species: it can delight with flowering and vitality, tolerates dryness, and an urban climate.

Types and varieties

Honeysuckle brilliant

This honeysuckle comes from Western China. Shiny honeysuckle is a beautiful evergreen, densely branched shrub, 2 m tall, with shiny, small, ovoid, leathery leaves. It blooms in spring with white, small, fragrant flowers. Fruits are purple, spherical.

Loves a little shading. Perfectly tolerates a haircut. Undemanding to the soil. Propagates well by seeds. Honeysuckle is brilliant thermophilic. A charming shrub for edges, curbs, bordering groups.

Honeysuckle blue

Grows in the undergrowth of mountain forests, in swamps, on slopes. In natural conditions, it is found in the north of the European part of Russia, but is not used in landscaping the central regions, although it is a wonderful melliferous shrub.

Blue honeysuckle is a spreading shrub with brown-red shoots. The leaves of blue honeysuckle are oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base, with a blunt tip, about 8 cm long. Blue honeysuckle is valuable for its dense crown. This honeysuckle is a valuable early honey plant.

The dark blue berry with eight seeds ripens in July. Blue honeysuckle grows slowly, but forms dense bushes, shade-tolerant, frost-hardy. Drought sensitive. The fruits of this honeysuckle are considered healing

There are many forms of blue honeysuckle:

Gracefully colored - with thin red shoots and oblong leaves, flowers are thinner than those of the main species.

The edible form deserves special attention. It grows in humid mountain forests, preferring calcareous substrates, in the Far East, Eastern Siberia, Korea, China, and Japan.

Straight shrub with brown bark. Leaves of different sizes and shapes. The flowers are yellow or yellow-white. The fruits are almost black with a bluish bloom; they taste like blueberries. The shrub begins to bloom and bear fruit for 4 years.

Hardy, unpretentious. Recommended as a fruit shrub. It propagates well by cuttings and seeds. Blue honeysuckle is not only beautiful, but also the most useful shrub is now familiar to many, because it began to be grown in gardens as a fruit and berry plant.

Also with her in ornamental gardening, 3 other Far Eastern species of honeysuckle are desirable: Kamchatka, Turchaninov's honeysuckle, Altai honeysuckle. All three species have edible fruits.

Brown's honeysuckle

Brown's honeysuckle is a hybrid of rough and evergreen honeysuckle. Climbing shrub with shoots about 2 m long. Brown's honeysuckle is very decorative due to its bright color of flowers and their peculiar shape. Abundant flowering, inflorescences appear in early July.

This loach climbs the support not very high, it looks very nice, laid on the ground. Brown's honeysuckle is decorative during the flowering period.

It is used for landscaping low fences, in winter a small shelter is desirable.

Curly honeysuckle

In natural conditions, it is common in southern Europe.

Curly, tall shrub 5 m in height, with great variability of leaves. Honeysuckle curly flowers in dense capitate inflorescences, white inside, outside with a carmine corolla.

It begins to bloom in July and continues until September. The red fruits of climbing honeysuckle ripen in August. It begins to bloom and bear fruit for 3 years.

The shrub grows quickly, therefore, the form is well restored, after freezing in winter period annual shoots, and since the curly honeysuckle will bloom on the shoots of the current year, its

Has decorative forms: golden - golden leaves at the beginning of development; Belgian - with more plump leaves than the previous form, purple flowers.

But the late curly honeysuckle deserves special attention - a vine about 3 m in length. Annual shoots are slightly pubescent or glabrous, yellowish or red at the top. Above the foliage is dark green, below it is gray-gray, ovoid.

The flowers of this honeysuckle are two-lipped, dark red outside, then turn pale, inside they are yellow. Curly honeysuckle blooms profusely and for a long time, from June to August. The berries are red. I like gardeners very much. In Russia, in the middle lane, it is recommended to remove the shoots from the supports in the fall and cover them with spruce branches and a dry leaf from above.

There are varieties of curly honeysuckle:

("Belgica ") "Belgica "- the flowers are white with red stripes, then they turn yellow.

("Graham thomas ") "Graham Thomas "- white flowers, when bloom, turn yellow.

("Serotina ") "Serotin "- inside the flowers are creamy white, purple outside.

("Minister ") "Munster "- flowers in buds are dark pink, when they bloom white-pink, then become creamy.

Thälmann's honeysuckle

Thälmann's honeysuckle is a hybrid between evergreen honeysuckle and honeysuckle honeysuckle.

Liana with oblong leaves, green above, below - glaucous. Under the inflorescence, the upper pair of leaves, fused. The flowers of Thälmann's honeysuckle b cm, orange-golden. It blooms very beautifully and abundantly for about 12 days. The berries are yellow-orange.

Thälmann's honeysuckle is prized for its lush bloom and dense foliage. Used for vertical gardening... Demanding on soil fertility. Photophilous, but can also bloom in partial shade. In cold winters, it can be damaged by frost. To avoid this, it is necessary to remove the vines from the supports and cover them with spruce branches.

Honeysuckle Hekroth

Honeysuckle Hecroth is a hybrid of American honeysuckle and evergreen.

Liana rises to a height of 3 m and is very elegant in bloom: its inflorescences consist of a huge number of large flowers, each about 6 cm in length, outside the flowers of Hecroth's honeysuckle are purple, inside almost yellow: blooms from June to August. To prevent Hecroth's honeysuckle from freezing, it must be planted from the south.

Japanese honeysuckle

It is a highly aromatic semi-evergreen vine. Anyone who was in the Caucasus, probably saw her along the roads, and near dwellings. The homeland of Japanese honeysuckle is Korea, China or Japan.

Japanese honeysuckle grows rapidly, produces many layers. It blooms luxuriantly in June. The flowers are white, with a purple tint, very fragrant. In the middle lane it can only grow in the sun.

However, even with excellent care, it will not bloom every year. If desired, Japanese honeysuckle can be grown indoors.

Japanese honeysuckle has a very graceful shape - with delicate leaves in a yellow net - "Aureoreticulata". This variety can also be grown indoors.

In addition to clematis, there is a large group of climbing shrubs worthy of attention. Lianas take up little space on the site, are spectacular, thanks to the mass of resistant greenery: fallopia ( Fallopia) , kirkazon ( Aristolochia) , wood-nose ( Celastrus) , kampsis ( Campsis) , grapes ( Vitis) , maiden grapes ( Parthenocissus) , ampelopsis ( Ampelopsis) , actinidia ( Actinidia) , beautiful flowers: wisteria ( Wisteria) , kampsis ( Campsis) , honeysuckle ( Lonicera) , decorative fruits: wood-nose ( Celastrus) , nightshade ( Solanum) , vineyard ( Ampelopsis) or edible: actinidia ( Actinidia), lemongrass ( Schisandra) , akebia ( Akebia) . Most of the vines wind around the supports some can climb flat walls, without additional supports, holding onto the walls with aerial roots, for example ivy ( Hedera) , climbing hydrangea ( Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris) , kampsis ( Campsis) , schizophragm Japanese ( Schizophragma hydrangeoides) and fortune's euonymus ( Euonymus fortunei) or with special suction cups eg. parthenocissus ( Parthenocissus) .

Vines can be used to cover the walls of buildingsgiving, in addition to the decorative function, insulates buildings in winter and shades and cools in summer, and also prevents the walls from drying out, protects them from rain and takes excess water from the area of \u200b\u200bthe foundations. Parthenocissus is suitable for this purpose, but ivy or kampsis can also be planted, and all other vines provide support.

Lianas can quickly disguise ineffective buildings, various sheds, warehouses and trash cans, hide from the eyes of our guests. If we need an effect within one year, the following are better for this: fallopia Aubert ( Fallopia aubertii) , hops ( Humulus) , clematis ( Clematis) from the Tangutica Group eg "Bill MacKenzie" or "Lambton Park" or Clematis "Paul Farges" from the Grupy Vitalba. If we can wait 2-3 years, then the rest of the vines will have a good effect.

Vines can cover various fences (eg grids) and besides decorative functions, they shield us from the curious, and also protect us from wind and dust. Well suited for this eg. common ivy ( Hedera helix) , honeysuckle spiky (" Lonicera acuminata") , clematis ( Clematis) from the Atragene group (especially "Pamela Jackman"), the Tangutica group (especially "Lambton Park"), the Viticella group (especially "Etoile Violette" and "Polish Spirit") and the Vitalba group (especially "Paul Farges"), aconitol grape (A mpelopsis aconitifolia) , maiden five-leaf grape ( Parthenocissus quinquefolia) and maiden triple grape ( Parthenocissus tricuspidata) .

Most vines are not picky about soil, but since they form a large green mass, they do not like dry and poor soils. Thermophilic species, for example. actinidia ( Actinidia) , wisteria ( Wisteria) and kampsis ( Campsis) prefer warm, sunny, sheltered places. In cool, humid and semi-shady places they grow better, eg. ivy ( Hedera) , climbing hydrangea ( Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris) , kirkazon ( Aristolochia) , schizophragma (Schizophragma), fortune's euonymus ( Euonymus fortunei) , akebia ( Akebia), hops ( Humulus) and part honeysuckle ( Lonicera) .

When planting vines we dig a hole 50x50x50 cm in size, which we fill fertile soil, and plants (depending on the species) we plant 0-10 cm deeper than they grew before, at a distance of 30-50 cm from the walls and 50-100 cm from the trees. Well-chosen and planted vines can grow for many years, decorate the garden all year round, and form a wonderful refuge for birds.

Lonicera - honeysuckle

A popular liana with decorative, tubular flowers, some varieties are fragrant, for example. honeysuckle honeysuckle ( Lonicera caprifolium) , curly honeysuckle, japanese honeysuckle, honeysuckle Hecrotta "Goldflame".

Name Lonicera immortalizes who lived in the XVI century. German naturalist Adama Lonitzera, author of the famous herbarium. Genus Lonicera belongs to the family Caprifoliaceae.

Lonicera periclymenum "Serotina" - ph. Sz. Marczyński

There are about 180 known species growing in the northern hemisphere. Most of them are shrubs with raised shoots belonging to subsection Lonicera - but also vigorous vines with shoots spiraling around the supports, belonging to the subsection Caprifolium - honeysuckle. About 20 species and several varieties of honeysuckle are grown in the world, of which about 20 taxa (species and varieties) are grown in Poland. Honeysuckle has opposite leaves, in pairs. In most species, the apical leaves are fused in pairs, forming characteristic plates.

Leaves most often green or bluish-green, but some varieties have slightly different colors, for example. japanese honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonica) "Aureoreticulata" leaves with yellow venation, and leaves japanese honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonica) "Purpurea" purple in autumn and winter. The main decoration is white, yellow, purple or purple flowers - tubular, long, usually with two everted "lips" in most varieties and species, fragrant.

Honeysuckle begins flowering 2-4 years after planting. The flowers are collected in tricolor shields, folded in pairs at the corners of the leaves or in the heads at the ends of the shoots, depending on the species or variety, they bloom from late May to October. Most honeysuckles also have decorative fruits - multi-seeded, shiny berries of sparkling juicy colors from orange to purple and crimson. Ripen from July to October. They can serve as food for most birds, attracting them to the site.

Lonicera heckrottii "Goldflame" (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera caprifolium "Inga" (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera x brownii "Golden Trumpet"(photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera henryi (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera acuminata (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera japonica "Purpurea" (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Requirements
Honeysuckle grows on most soils, with the exception of poor and drying ones. However, it grows better and blooms profusely on soils of medium to slightly alkaline, permeable, fertile, clayey, rich in humus, moist but not wet. They work best when planted in a sunny location, but in such places some honeysuckles are more easily (i.e. more severely) attacked by aphids. Therefore, the most versatile can be considered a semi-shady place, protected from the hot midday sun. They also like sheltered places from strong winds.

Lonicera x brownii "Fuchsioides"(photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera japonica "Halliana" (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera periclymenum "Graham Thomas" (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera japonica "Aureoreticulata" (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera x brownii "Golden Trumpet" (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera "Blanche Sandman" (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera periclymenum "Serotina" (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Using
Honeysuckle is one of the most valuable garden vines, can be used in any garden, but look especially good in naturalistic "natural", large, where they have secure free growth. Reach up to 3-6 m in height (0.5-2 m per year). Honeysuckle is great for hanging structures near walls, gates, nets, trellises, pergolas, gazebos, and can also curl along the trunks of old trees, on which wires or nets are adapted, by which the plant is held. Planted near fences, they can create a decorative camouflage and protection from wind, dust and the gaze of passers-by, replacing hedge... The evergreen look is especially suitable for this. pointed honeysuckle ( Lonicera acuminata) ... Some honeysuckles, eg. japanese honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonica) "Halliana" and "Hall" s Prolific can be used as ground cover plants for large surfaces also in urban landscaping. honeysuckle honeysuckle ( Lonicera caprifolium) , curly honeysuckle ( Lonicera periclymenum) , hecrotta's honeysuckle ( Lonicera x heckrottii) , japanese honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonica) as well as varieties, it is recommended to plant near entrances (gates, entrance doors), windows, benches. Honeysuckle is often found in traditional or rustic gardens. They can be used alone or together with other vines, for example. climbing roses or clematisi ( Clematis) ... For this purpose, it is better to choose clematis ( Clematis) requiring strong pruning, for example. from the Viticella Group or large-flowered late-floweringthat every year in early spring must be trimmed above the ground. Other pruning of clematis will be very difficult to do, as the shoots are intertwined with the honeysuckle shoots.

Lonicera japonica "Halliana" (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera periclymenum "Graham Thomas" (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera acuminata (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera acuminata on the fence (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera acuminata on a tree (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Care
Most honeysuckle poorly cut, only as needed. With free growth, they look better and bloom more abundantly. If you want to get ornamental plants, you need to devote the first 1 to 3 years to their formation. After planting, it is necessary to cut all the shoots to 1/3 of the height to form a strong branching at the base. From the newly grown shoots, choose 3-4 strongest ones to form a powerful plant base, and remove the rest. In subsequent years, honeysuckle blooms on last year's shoots, for example. honeysuckle honeysuckle ( Lonicera caprifolium) or tellmann's honeysuckle ( Lonicera x tellmanniana) we cut very weakly, removing only weakened shoots, frozen, dead or interfering with neighboring plants. Honeysuckle blooming on this year's shoots, eg. japanese honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonia) and its varieties, or hecrotta's honeysuckle ( Lonicera x heckrottii) can be heavily pruned in early spring without fear that this will save us from flowers. After a few years, all honeysuckles can bare from below, forming leaves and flowers only in the upper part of the plant. To avoid this, it is necessary to carry out a good strong anti-aging pruning every 5-6 years. It is better to stretch it over 2 years, cutting off half of the old shoots every year, right at the base.

Lonicera japonica "Halliana"

Lonicera periclymenum "Serotina" - cropping (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Lonicera x heckrottii "American Beauty" - cropping (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Honeysuckle needs good and intense water and fertilize... If fertilized with slow-acting fertilizers, for example Osmocote 5-6M, one application per year is enough, at the end of April at a dose of 20-30 g per plant (2-3 teaspoons in 3-5 holes in the ground, 5 cm deep).

Lonicera caprifolium - the entire plant that died due to powdery mildew (photo Sz. Marczyński)

Diseases and pests
The most burdensome pesthoneysuckle are aphidsthat appear on the tops of plants in May, just before flowering. Aphids especially attack young shoots, leaves and flower buds. They curl, shrivel, deform and get restricted in growth, covered with a viscous sticky pad. Most often affected honeysuckle honeysuckle ( Lonicera caprifolium) , curly honeysuckle ( Lonicera periclymenum) , tellmann's honeysuckle ( Lonicera x tellmanniana) and brown's honeysuckle ( Lonicera x brownii) as well as varieties belonging to those species, especially when grown in dry or sunny places. Henry's Honeysuckle ( Lonicera henryi), Japanese honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonica) and pointed honeysuckle ( Lonicera acuminata) are most often not affected by aphids. The fight is to spray the honeysuckle with an insecticide immediately after the first aphid appears.

A dangerous disease of honeysuckle is powdery mildew... It leads to the formation of a white powdery bloom on the top of the leaf. Over time, reddening or brown spots, which leads to complete drying of the leaves. Some species, and even varieties, are very susceptible to this disease. Especially sensitive honeysuckle honeysuckle ( Lonicera caprifolium) , but the variety of this kind is

Lonicera caprifolium "Inga" - cultivar resistant to powdery mildew (photo Sz. Marczyński)

"Inga" tolerates powdery mildew and is only slightly affected. Also tolerates powdery mildew pointed honeysuckle ( Lonicera acuminata) , henry's honeysuckle ( Lonicera henryi) and most varieties curly honeysuckle ( Lonicera periclymenum) also "Graham Thomas" and "Serotina" and japanese honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonica) except for the sensitive cultivar "Aureoreticulata". Powdery mildew can be overcome by spraying the plants immediately after the first signs appear, with some specially designed preparation. The spraying must be repeated 2-3 times every 10 days, changing the preparations. Types and varieties

Lonicera x brownii "Fuchsioides" (photo Sz. Marczyński) Lonicera caprifolium (photo Sz. Marczyński) Lonicera acuminata (photo Sz. Marczyński) Lonicera x heckrottii "Goldflame" (photo Sz. Marczyński) Lonicera japonica "Halliana" (photo Sz. Marczyński) Lonicera periclymenum "Graham Thomas" (photo Sz. Marczyński) Lonicera periclymenum "Chojnów" PBR - flowers (photo Sz. Marczyński) Lonicera "Blanche Sandman" (photo Sz. Marczyński) Lonicera x tellmanniana (photo Sz. Marczyński)

• Lonicera acuminata - pointed honeysuckle ... Originally from Northeast China. The leaves are evergreen (in severe winters they can freeze slightly), oblong-narrow, acutely ending, with a heart-shaped base, dark green, densely pubescent. Flowers are medium-sized, tubular, double-lipped, initially creamy, yellow at the end of flowering. Blooms profusely, July-October. Fruits are small, violet-black. Strong and fast growing plant, thriving and bushy. It grows up to 3 - 5m. One of the best evergreen lianas for our climate. Good for forming coverings and twisting nets, as well as a ground cover plant.

• Lonicera x brownii - Brown's honeysuckle ... A cross was bred in 1850 by crossing Lonicera hirsuta and Lonicera sempervirens ... Leaves are ovoid, bluish-green, accrete. The flowers are tubular, narrow, red, with an orange neck, odorless. Blooms June-August. Fruits are orange-red, August-September. They grow up to 3-4 m in height.
• "Dropmore Scarlet" (Dropmore Scarlet) - The most valuable of Brown's honeysuckle varieties. Bred in Canada in 1950. The flowers are orange-red. Blooms long and profusely in June-October. Beautiful fruits, like the species. Very hardy.
• "Fuchsioides" (Fuchsidodes) - The flowers are orange-purple. Blooms very long and profusely, June-October. Slow growing, compact form, reaching heights of up to 1.5 - 2 m. Especially recommended for small areas and gardens.
• GOLDEN TRUMPET "Mintrum" (Golden Trumpet Mintrum) - with copper-yellow flowers. Blooms for a long time, June-October. It grows up to 3 m tall. The fruits are orange-red, like the species.

• Lonicera caprifolium - honeysuckle honeysuckle Originally from the Caucasus and the Middle East, but very popular in Poland. Often confused with curly honeysuckle ( Lonicera periclymenum ), from which differs in accrete apical leaves and greater sensitivity to powdery mildew. Creamy flowers with intense aroma, flowers in May-June, orange fruits July-September. Leaves from ovate to obovate, gray-green, smooth, upper (under the inflorescence) accrete, form, as it were, a plate. It grows up to 6m.
• "Inga" (Inga) - The flower buds are pink on the outside, the flowers are creamy white after blooming. It blooms in May-June, 7-14 days longer than the species. Leaves and young shoots are slightly pubescent. Well tolerates powdery mildew. A recommendable variety, much better than the species.

• Lonicera x heckrotti - Hekrotta's honeysuckle... The cross arose naturally, from an involuntary crossing Lonicera americana and Lonicera sempervirens... It began to be cultivated at the end of the 19th century. It is considered a very valuable honeysuckle. The leaves are oblong, oval or elliptical, dark green on the upper side and bluish green below. The leaves are semi-evergreen or falling. Flowers in buds are carmine, after blooming - pink on the outside and orange-yellow in the middle, fragrant. Blooms especially long and profusely, June-September. Shoots are tough, twisting weakly around the supports. It can grow like a regular shrub. Grows up to 3-6 m in height.
• "American Beauty" (American Beauty) - Flowers are sparkling orange, odorless, bloom June-September. The fruits are purple-orange and adorn the plant in August-October.
• "Goldflame" (Goldflame) - The variety is very similar to the species. The flowers are slightly more intense in color than that of the species, fragrant, bloom June-September.

• Lonicera henryi - Henry's honeysuckle... Originally from China. Leaves are evergreen, oblong-lanceolate, dark green, shiny. Flowers are dark purple-violet, tubular, not large, not numerous, visible in June-July. Fruits are small, violet-black with a light waxy coating, usually on the plant in August-October. In severe winters, it can freeze slightly. Should be planted in sheltered, semi-shady or shady locations. It grows up to 3m in height.

• Lonicera japonica - Japanese honeysuckle... Originally from Japan, Korea and China. Semi-evergreen liana with green leaves, from broadly elliptic to ovoid. The flowers are tubular, 2-lipped, creamy white at first, yellow at the end of flowering, with an intense aroma. Blooms all summer. The fruits are bluish-black. They grow up to 3-6 m in height. More valuable than a species are varieties that should also be used.
• "Aureoreticulata" (Aureoreticulate) - Interesting leaves, green with yellow veins, get the best color on open sun... The flowers are small, initially white and then yellow, slightly aromatic. It can be used as a liana or as a ground cover plant. Resistant to powdery mildew. In severe winters, it can freeze slightly.
• "Halliana" (Halliana) - A vigorous liana, covered throughout the summer with a mass of small flowers with an intense aroma. The flowers are initially creamy white, then yellow, covering the plant from June to October. The leaves are semi-evergreen. They grow up to 5m tall. Can be used as a groundcover on large surfaces. Suitable for planting near fences and forming all kinds of protections. Suitable for urban landscaping.
• "Hall" s Prolific " (Health Prolific) - Bred in Holland from the "Halliana" variety, earlier enters the flowering period, blooms longer and more abundantly. Slightly more sensitive to frost than Halliana. Growth and use are the same as for Halliana.
• "Purpurea" (Purpurea) - Leaves are evergreen or semi-evergreen, green in summer with purple veins, in autumn and winter dark purple. The flowers are medium-sized, tubular, purple on the outside, and inside, initially white, then yellow, fragrant. It grows up to 4 m in height (1-2 m annually).

• Lonicera periclymenum - curly honeysuckle... The plant is found naturally in Central and Western Europe, as well as in northern Africa. In Poland, it grows naturally in Primorye and Nizhniy lsku (Pomorzu and Dolnym Śląsku), is under protection. Leaves are ovoid or oval, green above, and bluish below. The leaves are stacked in pairs at the nodes, but grow together (this differs from the rest Lonicera caprifolium ). Creamy flowers, sometimes with red stripes on the outside, with a strong aroma, adorn the plant from May to July. From July to autumn, dark red, shiny fruits also look very decorative. It grows wildly, reaching up to 7 m in height. A popular vine that is more valuable and disease resistant than Lonicera caprifolium .
  We recommend using the following varieties:
• "Belgica Select" (Belgica Select) - Dutch variety, early flowering. The leaves have purple venation. Young shoots and pedicels are purple-violet. The flowers are light purple-red on the outside, cream inside at the beginning and yellow at the end of flowering, very fragrant. Flowering: May-October (intermittently). The red fruits that cover the plant in September-October also look very decorative. It grows up to 3 m in height (1 m of annual growth).
• "Chojnów" PBR (Chojnow) - A new Polish variety since 2006. Flowers are dark purple outside and beige inside, with a strong aroma. Abundant flowering throughout the plant height, from June to September. Red fruits in August-October. Young leaves are purple-green, older ones are green. It grows up to 2-3 m tall (1 m annual growth).
• "Graham Thomas" (Graham Thomas) - A very valuable variety. Named after an English naturalist. Blooms exceptionally long and profusely, from May to September. Flowers are tubular, especially large, creamy at first, yellow at the end of flowering, with a strong aroma. The shiny red fruits are also decorative, from June to October. It grows up to 4 m in height (about 1-2 m of annual growth).
• "Serotina" (Serotina) - Most commonly grown honeysuckle. Dutch late flowering cultivar (2 - 3 weeks later than "Belgica Select"). The flowers are creamy in the middle, purple-red outside, strongly aromatic, bloom June-September. The fruits are beautiful, coral, shiny, decorate the plant from July to October. It grows wildly, reaching up to 3-6 m in height.

• Lonicerasempervirens - evergreen honeysuckle... North American species. The leaves are semi-evergreen or seasonal. The flowers are tubular, red on the inside, yellow on the outside. In Poland, it can freeze slightly, therefore, more frost-resistant varieties are recommended for cultivation.
• "Blanche Sandman" (Blanche Sandman) - American variety, more frost-resistant than the species. The flowers are purple with a yellow center. Blooms exceptionally long and profusely, June-October. Fruits are orange, clearly visible in July-October. Valuable for cultivation.

• Lonicera x tellmanniana - Thälmann's honeysuckle - A cross, bred in 1920 in Hungary, by crossing Lonicera sempervirens from Lonicera tragophylla... Leaves are oval to elliptical ovoid in shape, dark green above, bluish-greenish-white below. The upper pair of leaves is plate-like. Flowers are large, tubular, 2-lipped, copper-yellow, very decorative, almost odorless, June-July. The fruits are orange, decorate the plant in July-September. Grows up to 5 m tall. It grows and blooms better in partial shade.

Lonicera periclymenum "Chojnów" - whole plant (photo Sz. Marczyński)

ALL KAPRIFOL KAPRIFOL

Usually we call curly honeysuckle honeysuckle and sometimes we wonder why one honeysuckle is blooming on the site, and the other has been a deplorable sight for several years now. And the fact is that it can be either a hybrid of honeysuckle, or another kind of climbing honeysuckle - all of them with shoots, flowers, fruits and leaves similar to honeysuckle, but can be more thermophilic and suffer from Russian winters. These vines are grown like honeysuckle, honeysuckle.

All climbing honeysuckles come to us from warmer climates. Due to their properties, some of them grow without problems in our country, recovering after a slight freezing of the tops of the shoots. Someone needs special care for growth and flowering - to lower it for the winter from a support and cover with dry leaves, spunbond or in another way. But even in this case, they will not become European beauties in our country.

All curly honeysuckles feel good in zones 6 to 9 at temperatures not lower than -15 degrees in winter - these are the southern regions of Russia. In zone 5 (Moscow, St. Petersburg) and at temperatures below -20 degrees, their annual shoots can freeze slightly, but in spring with new strength they are renewed. In zone 4 (Moscow region, Central Russia) the most resistant varieties and species grow, or thermophilic at good shelteras we do with roses or clematis.

SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF ROLLING HAIRS

The most decorative and popular in vertical gardening, in addition to honeysuckle, honeysuckle, can be the following species, hybrids and varieties of climbing honeysuckle.

Evergreen honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) – frost-resistant look, which gave birth to many beautiful hybrids of climbing honeysuckle, often surpassing them in frost resistance. Recommended for zones 4 to 9. Most frost-resistant variety "Blanche Sandman" ... it climbing plant all summer covered with flowers of a tubular form of crimson color yellow with inside.

From evergreen and rough honeysuckle came Brown's honeysuckle (Lonicera x brownii) ... Its varieties have one and a half and three meter stems. The original tubular flowers can be of all shades from white and beige to red and orange, they have no smell. It blooms for a long time until autumn all season, in the Moscow region - in summer and again in autumn. Orange-red fruits are formed in the middle of summer and last until winter. In the Moscow region, Brown's honeysuckle does not bear fruit; here it is advisable to cover the shoots for the winter. A comfortable wintering temperature without shelter, including snow, is not lower than 15 degrees. It has several excellent varieties:
three-meter vine with red-orange flowers near "Dropmore Scarlet" ;
covered with yellow-brown flowers "Golden Trumpet" , the climbing bush grows up to 3 m;
at Fuchsioides »Fuchsia flowers with orange, shoots no higher than one and a half meters.

As a result of hybridization of caprefolian and evergreen honeysuckle, telman's honeysuckle (Lonicera × tellmanniana) ... A tall liana soars up to 6 meters, is covered with eight centimeters yellow flowers, leaves for the winter does not drop. In the Moscow region, the tops of annual stems suffer from frost, and red berries are not formed, in contrast to the southern regions. It hibernates up to -15 degrees without damage.

Another popular variety of climbing honeysuckle is "Serotina" (Serotina) - blooms later than many. This honeysuckle is called curly not only because of the properties of its shoots. Curly Honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) her botanical name. The species can be recognized by the color of young shoots, they are red or yellow. The plant has fragrant flowers, white on the inside, burgundy red on the outside. Although its annual stems can freeze at temperatures below -20 degrees, in our country it blooms and forms fruits, because this happens on the shoots growing back in spring. Liana can reach a height of two and a half meters, and its flowering lasts almost all summer. Corollas of Serotina honeysuckle are painted in violet-red color, inside are beige.

Varieties of curly honeysuckle "Serotina" and Graham Thomas were honored with awards from the Royal Horticultural Society. Graham Thomas has creamy petals. Another variety of curly honeysuckle "Belgica Select" burgundy-carmine stripes on the rims.

Not so long ago, botanists ranked henry's honeysuckle (Lonicera henryi) to mind pointed honeysuckle (Lonicera acuminata) ... Now these plants are one type of climbing honeysuckle. Pointed honeysuckle is its scientific name, Henry's honeysuckle is a synonym or form of pointed honeysuckle. On sale you can find seedlings of both names. Liana flowers can be colored from yellow to orange and red, and the berries are necessarily dark blue. Distinctive feature are oblong leaves with a pointed tip. View without shelter can withstand up to -15 degrees. In southern Europe, Henry's honeysuckle is used to decorate the walls of tall buildings.

Pointed honeysuckle is cultivated and how ornamental shrub and like a liana, its stems are up to 2.5 m. It is well suited for hedges. In the southern regions, its green leaves adorn deserted gardens in winter. With more low temperatures evergreen leaves of pointed honeysuckle freeze slightly. Recommended for zones 6-9. For the winter in the middle lane, it requires a mandatory shelter.

Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera ligustrina) even more delicate plant. It is for zones 7-9. We are grown in the Caucasus, in the Crimea or in winter gardens... She has fragrant, flowers: white and red, and the berries are blue with a black tint. A long-flowering climbing plant that often acts as a ground cover. Popular variety "Halliana" shoots up to 5 meters long. The variety "Aureoreticulata" the leaves are covered with light yellow veins. The variety "Purpurea" foliage in winter is purple.

In addition to highly decorative varieties, some other types of climbing honeysuckle can fill a vertical space or object and decorate our garden.

Scion honeysuckle (Lonicera prolifera) - with pale yellow flowers and red berries. A variety that soars up to 3-4 m in height. It originated from North America, resistant throughout Russia. The size of the corollas, although somewhat inferior to honeysuckle, but in the fall the liana looks just amazing when its red berries shine against the background of the foliage painted in golden color.

Gray-ash honeysuckle (Lonicera glaucescens) , she gray honeysuckle (Lonicera dioica) - a North American species introduced to us in the 19th century. The shoots are not as strong as those of the honeysuckle. It grows rapidly and is found in many parts of Russia. Even in St. Petersburg (North-West region), only the tips of a one-year growth freeze.

Rough Honeysuckle (Lonicera hirsuta) frost-resistant liana of Canadian origin. Covered with multiple yellow flowers, but has no smell. Bears fruit. Very decorative and durable. The leaves are pubescent - there are hairs along the edges and on the back.

Ciliated honeysuckle (Lonicera ciliosa) , the western variety is a reliable beautiful vine. Corollas of yellow and red colors, large. Annual shoots of yellow honeysuckle (Lonicera flava) in the Moscow region freeze slightly. It is for zone 5 and further south.

Among the many species of honeysuckle (Lonicera), there are both bushy and vines - deciduous and evergreen. Honeysuckle-lianas are good as ground covers and for vertical gardening (design of arches, retaining walls and gazebos; masking the trunks of old trees and hedges). Curly honeysuckles adorn the garden at any time of the year, especially during the flowering period, when they are completely covered with elongated tubular flowers in spectacular inflorescences at the ends of the shoots.

Liana-like honeysuckle has many advantages: numerous leaves and abundant flowering, bright and fragrant flowers (these are wonderful honey plants), ornamental fruits. The leaves of most types of honeysuckle are elliptical, dark green above, and gray below.

Among the honeysuckle-lianas in the garden, the following species are most often grown:

Or fragrant (L. caprifolium) is a deciduous liana, capable of rising up to 10 meters in height with the help of a support. In central Russia, this is the most common of curly honeysuckle; it is quite frost-hardy, winters under the snow (the tips of the shoots often freeze slightly). Honeysuckle is photophilous, demanding on soil fertility and moisture. The leaves are rather large (the upper 2-3 pairs of leaves are fused), turn yellow at the end of October. The flowers that appear on honeysuckle in early summer are very fragrant (especially in the evening), white or yellowish inside, purple or reddish outside. It blooms for about 3 weeks. Elegant fruits ripen in early August and decorate the vine until late autumn. The orange-red berries of the honeysuckle have a short peduncle, framed by green leaves, they seem to glow.

- gray honeysuckle (L. dioica) looks very similar to honeysuckle, but more "miniature" (up to 2 meters high). Decorative, resistant, easily reproduces.

- curly honeysuckle, or german honeysuckle (L. periclymenum) - common European deciduous honeysuckle (up to 5 meters long). Unlike ordinary honeysuckle, this species does not have accrete leaves on the tips of the shoots. Grows successfully in partial shade in a well-ventilated place on rich soils. Blooms in June-August; depending on the variety, the color of the flowers is white, yellow-pink, purple. The fruits are red. In the conditions of Moscow, annual shoots freeze a little, but then the plant quickly recovers.

- american honeysuckle (L. americana) - the most powerful vine of all climbing honeysuckle (reaches a height of 6 meters) with dark purple-violet shoots and a dense branching crown. Blooms in July for about 2 weeks; large fragrant cream flowers with a purple base. Prefers loose, nutritious, moderately moist soils.

- honeysuckle Hecrotta (L. heckrottii) is a hybrid of American and evergreen honeysuckle, growing up to 3-4 meters. The flowers are bicolor (yellowish inside, purple outside) or orange-pink. Blooms continuously from June to September. In the conditions of Moscow, it suffers from frost.

- brown honeysuckle (L. brownii) - hybrid of evergreen and rough honeysuckle; reaches a height of 2.5 meters. It has many garden forms with various colors of flowers (they are usually odorless), appearing on the plant intermittently from June to late autumn.

- thälmann's honeysuckle (L. tellmaniana) is a very decorative deciduous vine of hybrid origin. Blooms from the second half of June for 3 weeks; flowers are orange-yellow, odorless.

Evergreen and semi-evergreen honeysuckle-vines are very beautiful, but, unfortunately, they are very thermophilic; among them:

- japanese honeysuckle (L. japonica) - semi-evergreen or evergreen liana with yellow flowers, climbing up a support to a height of 6 meters; there is a form with golden, wrinkled leaves. It is successfully grown in regions with a warm climate; in the conditions of Moscow, it freezes strongly (even under snow) until death.

- honeysuckle henry (L. henryi) - semi-evergreen liana with brownish-red flowers; takes out shading. It is thermophilic, it freezes under the conditions of Moscow.

- evergreen honeysuckle blooms for 4-5 months with large reddish or orange flowers up to 5 cm in diameter, which are then replaced by brightly colored fruits. Very thermophilic.

Most species of honeysuckle-lianas love a sunny location, but shading at the base is very favorable for them. Lianas are quite shade-tolerant (however, in the shade, the flowering of honeysuckles begins later and it is less abundant).

Honeysuckle-lianas grow rapidly, many species are undemanding to the soil (but develop better on fertile, moist soil), they tolerate transplanting and pruning the crown well due to their high shoot-forming ability. The liana is thinned out after flowering, while cutting out excess old stems.
Honeysuckles growing on marginal soils are recommended to be fed with mineral fertilizers in the spring.

Climbing honeysuckle reproduces easily: by seeds, green cuttings, layering.

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June 1, 2015

Ornamental honeysuckle is extraordinarily beautiful during flowering and fruiting, so they should take their rightful place in amateur gardens. This honeysuckle is called the plant of love. At first, two buds are born on one pedicel, they also become flowers in pairs, simultaneously turn into berries and together "die". The legend of Tristan and Isolde tells that honeysuckle grew on their grave and in death the lovers became inseparable, like the buds, flowers and berries of this plant.

The most beautiful types of honeysuckle

In conditions middle band Russia can grow about 10 species of honeysuckle lianas without much difficulty.

In nature, it is distributed in Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor. A climbing shrub up to 5 m in height is distinguished by a large variability in the color of leaves, dark green above and bluish below. Unlike other honeysuckles, its upper leaves on the shoots do not grow together into discs. Flowers in dense capitate inflorescences are yellowish, very fragrant. Blooms in June-July for two weeks. Berries are dark red, 0.8 cm in diameter, inedible.

In culture since 1814. Has several decorative forms: 'Aurea', which has golden leaves when blooming, ‘Belgica’ with thicker leaves and matte purple flowers. But the variety deserves special attention. ‘Serotina’ - liana up to 3 m long. Annual shoots are glabrous or slightly pubescent, red or yellowish at the top. The leaves are dark green above, below - gray, ovoid. The flowers are two-lipped, at first they are dark red outside, later turn pale, inside are yellow. Corolla tube 4-5 cm long, stamens and pistil effectively protrude from the flower. Blooms long and profusely from late June to early August. The berries are red. Loved by gardeners. In central Russia, it is recommended in late autumn to remove shoots from supports (like clematis) and cover them with dry leaves and spruce branches from above. Very interesting variegated variety ‘Harlequin’, but it is not very hardy.

Under natural conditions, it grows in the Caucasus, Central and Southern Europe. A beautifully flowering climbing shrub, the shoots of which rise to a height of 6 m, in the conditions of central Russia on a support reaches 4-5 m.

Young shoots are glabrous, light green, reddish on the sunny side. The leaves are elliptical, sometimes quite wide, dark green above, bluish-gray below; 2-3 pairs of upper leaves grow together with bases in an elliptical disc. In autumn, the leaves sometimes turn yellow. Flowers are sessile, collected in 1-2 whorls, located in the axils of the uppermost fused leaves, very fragrant, up to 5 cm in length, white inside, outside with purple-red stripes.

Honeysuckle honeysuckle is a good honey plant. Bees visit this plant willingly. Blooms in June, starting at 4 years of age. Duration of flowering 15-20 days. Grows best in the sun, although it can withstand partial shade. The orange-red fruits on short stalks appear to be glued to the leaf, ripening in August.

Honeysuckle honeysuckle lives up to 50 years. It grows quickly, light-requiring, demanding on soil fertility and moisture. It is propagated by seeds and summer cuttings, which take root by 100%.

It has been cultivated for a long time, has decorative forms: ‘Alba’ with white flowers that bloom two weeks earlier than other species, and few-flowered 'Pauciflora' with pink-red flowers.

Homeland - North America. It grows in the mountains, in the undergrowth, often in rocky places. Weakly climbing deciduous shrub up to 2 m high. Interesting are its leaves 5-9 cm long: bright green above, gray-gray below, with a narrow, cartilaginous, transparent, often wavy edge. The flowers are greenish-yellow or golden, open in May-June. Fruits are large, up to 1 cm in diameter, red, ripen in August-September. First flowering and fruiting from 4 years old.

Grows in Europe and North America, rarely found in Russia. Hardy, drought-resistant, shade-tolerant.

Brown's honeysuckle

A hybrid of evergreen honeysuckle and rough honeysuckle. Deciduous vine 2-3 m high. Leaves are elliptical, 6-7 cm long, dark green above, glaucous below. In the bright sun, young shoots turn red. Very decorative due to the bright color of flowers and their original shape - with a long (up to 4.5 cm) narrow corolla tube. The flowers are fragrant. Abundant flowering, inflorescences appear in late June. This liana rises low on the support, looks beautiful laid on the ground, like a ground cover plant. Propagated by cuttings. Needs shelter for the winter. Known varieties: 'Fuchsioides' - crimson flowers; ‘Dropmore’ - scarlet flowers.

A complex hybrid with honeysuckle honeysuckle and evergreen honeysuckle. Liana rises to a height of 2-3 m and is very beautiful in bloom: inflorescences are located at the ends of the shoots and consist of a large number large flowers, each up to 5 cm long, outside the flowers are purple, inside - orange-yellow. Flowering lasts from June to August, rarely until October. To keep this honeysuckle from freezing, you need to plant it on the south side of the house. But nevertheless, in other years, damage to shoots and weak flowering is possible, as, indeed, in all hybrid honeysuckles.

There are varieties in Russia: ‘Goldflame’ - creamy pink flowers, ‘American Beauty’ - flowers are yellow-orange.

A hybrid between honeysuckle and evergreen honeysuckle. It is valued for its abundant flowering and dense foliage. Liana 2-3 m long. Leaves are oblong, obtuse, up to 10 cm in length, bright green above, glaucous below. The upper pair of leaves under the inflorescence is fused. The flowers are tubular, golden-yellow or light orange-yellow in capitate inflorescences, large - up to 5 cm long. Blooms very effectively and profusely in May-June. The fruits are yellow-orange.

Requires organic and moist soils. Photophilous, but it can bloom profusely in partial shade. In severe winters, it is severely damaged by frost. To avoid this, the vines should be removed from the supports and covered with lutrasil and spruce branches. Widely used for vertical gardening in countries Western Europe and southern regions of Russia.

American honeysuckle

Hybrid between honeysuckle honeysuckle and evergreen honeysuckle Tuscan native to the Mediterranean. It is a semi-evergreen liana, which rises high on a support in areas with a warm climate. Here it can be grown in a place protected from cold winds, and covered with dry leaves or spruce branches for the winter. This honeysuckle is interesting for its fragrant bright, yellow inside and purple outside flowers.

A popular variety in Canada ‘Blanche Sandman’ - flowers are yellow or orange.

Agrotechnics

The above plants are light-requiring. A well-lit and wind-protected place is chosen for landing. However, Brown's honeysuckle, climbing, Hecrotta in sunny places suffer from heating and drying of the soil. They need shading of the root collar.

Landing.Lianas prefer organic-rich and well-moistened soils, do not tolerate close standing groundwater and prolonged flooding. It is recommended to pre-lime acidic soils. The distance between plants is 1.5-2 m. The roots are carefully straightened and covered with earth. Then water and mulch abundantly. The root collar should be at ground level.

The soil mixture consists of sod land, humus, sand (3: 1: 1). The acidity of the soil should be in the range of 7.5-8.5. On heavy clayey and poor waterlogged soils, honeysuckle grows poorly. Drainage from broken brick or gravel is required with a layer of 5-7 cm.

Fertilization and watering.In early spring they bring in full mineral fertilizer at the rate of 20-30 g per 1 sq.m. Before flowering, give a liquid top dressing "Kemiroi-Universal" (20 g per 10 liters of water). In the fall, they bring in for digging wood ash (100-200 g per 1 sq.m.).

Water it moderately 2-3 times per season in hot and dry weather, 10 liters per plant. Lianas respond well to sprinkling. When it is compacted, the soil is loosened with a shovel bayonet. After planting, the trunk circles are mulched with peat with a layer of 3-5 cm.

Trimming and shaping.They are made as needed for one third of the length of the shoots. Sick and thickened branches are always removed. If you notice a decrease in growth, then rejuvenation of the bush is recommended. Liana is recovering well.

Diseases and pests. Decorative views honeysuckle is rarely damaged by diseases and pests.

Preparing for the winter. Winter hardiness is medium or high in honeysuckle, honeysuckle and curly honeysuckle. But in harsh winters they freeze too much. Heat-loving decorative forms for the winter are removed from the supports and covered with spruce branches.

Reproduction of honeysuckle

Honeysuckle is easily propagated by seed. It is better to sow them in the fall. When spring sowing need stratification within 4 months at a temperature of 2-5 ° C. Climbing and varietal honeysuckle is propagated vegetatively: by green and lignified cuttings, layering, overgrowth from the stump. The rooting rate of cuttings is high - up to 95%.

Cut green cuttings at the end of June, 15-18 cm long, so that the upper cut is 0.5-1 cm higher, and the lower one is 1-1.5 cm below the kidney. They are planted in April on loose, previously watered ridges at a distance of 12-15 cm. Cuttings are regularly watered, loosened the soil. After the start of rooting, watering is reduced, and shading is left for some time. The next year, the rooted seedlings are dug up and planted for 1-2 years for growing in greenhouses.

Honeysuckle is propagated by layering by digging in a lignified shoot to a depth of 10 cm. mother plant it can be done next year.

Use in design

Honeysuckle can be used for vertical landscaping or as a ground cover. Vines are planted near terraces, railings, fences. In most climbing honeysuckles, the lower part of the vine is exposed with age, so you should plan to plant other plants in the foreground near it: climbing roses, conifers and low-growing deciduous shrubs.

Project www.site thanks magazine "Gardens of Russia" for the provided article.

P.S .: Other types of honeysuckle, Candidate of Biological Sciences Maya Aleksandrova described in the article