The story about the hare in the winter. What can you tell a child about hares
Hare hare, or on an armor. Lepus europaeus, is a lagomorphous mammal belonging to its major representatives.
External signs
The hare of the hare in the hare family can be recognized by its large size. In length, it often grows to 65-68 centimeters, and the weight gains from 4 to 6 kilograms. The largest individuals, reaching masses up to 7 kilograms, are found in the northern and northeastern habitats.
The description of the animal includes its main features of the appearance of the species:
- regardless of its large size, its constitution is fragile,
- it differs from white hare with longer (up to 14 centimeters) ears and a larger size (7-14 centimeters) with a tail in the form of a wedge, covered with black fur on top,
- the hind legs of the hare differ from the claws of the hare - in the foot shorter than that of the hare, which is explained by the habits' habitat, where the snow covers are shallow and with hard crust.
The hare coat is shiny, with curls, painted on the belly in white, on the sides a shade is darker than on the dorsal part. External classification is clearly visible on the photo. The color of the animal depends on the season:
- during the summer, the hare is painted in shades of ocher - gray, brown, red or brown, with dark piedrin, folded tips of the undercoat,
- in winter, the animal changes the color of the fur to a lighter one, but unlike the white hare, it is never white, their head and ears are at the ends, the front section of the back is always dark.
With the onset of spring and autumn, hares of hares have a seasonal molt. At the same time, the spring shift of fur is delayed for 75-80 days, starting closer to the end of March and ending in May, and passes in the direction from the head to the tail section. Wools that have grown over the summer at the onset of autumn from September change to thicker winter fur, but unlike spring, already in the opposite direction - from the hip through the ridge in the direction of the front.
Geography habitat
The main habitat where the hares live is the steppe, tundra thickets and forest-steppe. It can be found in the European steppe massifs, on the North African continent and in Asia.
The northern boundary of the habitat of the hare passes through the Irish and Scottish territories, in the range of Sweden and Finland. The southern border covers Turkey and Iran, the northern part of Arabia and Africa, the Transcaucasian region and the north of Kazakhstan.
In the territory of North America, the hare of the hare was resettled by artificial means, delivered in 1893 through New York. In 1912, he tried to settle in the Canadian province of Ontario. Acclimatizing in Australia and New Zealand, he was included in the list of animal pests.
In Russia, this species can be seen throughout European territory, they live right up from the Ladoga northern shores and Lake Onega, live along the Northern Dvina River. The border of the animal’s residence passes through the Kirov and Perm regions, capturing areas of the Ural Mountains, then through the Caspian Sea and in the north to Karaganda. There are settling hares in southern Siberia and the Far East. Attempts of scientists to acclimatize the hare on the squares of Buryatia ended in failure.
It happens that in summer the hares rise to a mountain height of 1.5 to 2.0 kilometers, descending from the heights only when winter comes.
Hares hares prefer to move and live open areas in the form of fields and meadows, meadows and large clearings. In deep coniferous forests, the animal lives extremely rarely, mostly living in deciduous tracts and light forest.
In forest-steppes and steppes, hares choose agricultural crops of grain, woods and shrubs. Very often, animals tend to move closer to human settlements and natural water bodies.
The number of hares today is of the order of several millions. Weather and feed factors primarily influence their life span and number of individuals. For many individuals, snowy winter seasons with blizzards, which prevent animals from feeding, become destructive. The spring with alternating heat and frosts, in which the broods that appeared early, also have an adverse effect on the hare population. Among natural enemies - hare hunters - wolves, foxes and lynxes.
Habits and role in human life
Hare habits
The habits of hares characterize them as sedentary animals living in a certain area. They prefer not to leave the inhabited area in the presence of a sufficient amount of feed in this place. In other regions, hares in search of food move daily, overcoming dozens of kilometers. Sometimes there are seasonal migrations towards settlements and less snow on the edges.
The activity of hares begins at dusk and at night, and in the first part of the night and just before dawn. During the day, they can be activated only during the rut (mating).
In the summer period, the lying of hares looks like a shallow fossa, hidden from prying eyes under a bush. At the same time, the hares are not building permanent minks. They rest in makeshift cottages - daytime minks that save animals from annoying heat. Hares can use other people's burrows as a resting place - badger or foxes.
Hare hares run faster than whites, at a speed of up to 60 kilometers per hour, while tracing long jumps confusing tracks. They are good swimmers. The rusakov's voice is not heard only in danger of being caught or wounded, animals can make shrill sounds.
The female of the hare calls to itself a hare with a quiet cry, and the male only makes sounds with clicking teeth when anxious. As a communication between themselves, they often use the chocks of paws, the sound of which resembles playing a drum.
In the spring, hares are lying on high surfaces warmed by the sun, and in winter, hares move to deep snow in a swarm of a hole up to two meters long. Often, in the autumn of bedtime, the animals are made in hay stacks.
Hare hare
HARE-RUSAK: Hunting in late autumn.
Hare hare
Rabbit hare in Losiny Island, July 2014
Rusaki for man
In natural conditions, the hare lives for 6-7 years, with rare exceptions, life expectancy can be up to 12 years. It belongs to game animals and serves as an object of hunting with hounds and sports, being valuable for fur and meat. Rusak skins go for high-quality felt and for sewing some types of fur products.
In many countries, these animals are classified as agricultural pests, as hares are capable of harming winter crops, harm fruit trees, gnawing up to 15 landings per night.
In addition to the damage to agriculture, hare are among the animals that tolerate serious diseases, such as coccidiosis, pastelloresis, tularemia, brucellosis.
Feeding ration and breeding
Among the main food for hares, hares in the summertime are vegetation and shoots of trees. Animals prefer foliage and stems, but can sometimes feast on the roots of shrubs. When the summer period comes, the hares go on to seed.
In summer, the feed ration becomes much richer and includes wild dandelions and tansy, alfalfa and clover, as well as domesticated buckwheat, cereals and sunflower. Among the delicacies for hares are vegetables and melons.
Not all seeds are completely digested by animals, thus hares of hare act as seed distributors along the trajectory of their movement.
The basis of food in the winter is made up of the same seeds and grass cloth, the remaining garden crops that hares begin to search for and extract from under the layer of snow. In addition, the animals feed on apple, maple and pear wood in winter, pickle willow and aspen.
The breeding period of hares is directly dependent on their habitat.
During the breeding period from March to September, Western European hare have time to bring 4 hereditary broods, some even five. In a more favorable climate, hare breeding occurs throughout the calendar year.
In the Russian territory, hare lasts from February to March, then from April to May and the third in June.
Pregnancy in females of the hare lasts 45 days each; the brood can number from 1 to 9 hares. Such a difference in the number of offspring is associated with reproductive abilities - the smaller the reproduction cycles, the more the female brings hares.
Rabbit hares are born sighted and with fur cover.
The weight of an average newborn bunny is 80-150 grams. By the fifth day of life, hares begin to move actively, at the age of two weeks they gain weight up to 400 grams, actively eating grass and by the age of one month become completely independent.
Hares belong to the family of mammals of the order of hares, which, in addition to the hares proper, includes rabbits.
Spread
Hares live around the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Acclimatized safely in the territories of New Zealand, the islands of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. In our country, there are four species: white hare, hare, tolai and Manchurian.
Description
Hares - small or medium-sized animals, body length is 12-74 cm, weight reaches 5.5 kg. The hind limbs of large species are elongated. Females are usually larger than males. The ears are long (at least half the length of the head), are wedge-shaped. The tail is short, almost invisible from the outside. The forelimbs of hares are five-fingered, the hind ones are four- or five-fingered, the foot is long enough. There are straight, pointed claws on the fingers.
Hares are covered with a soft thick hair, which varies during the year according to seasons by color, as well as structure and density. Hares molt 2-3 times a year.
Body color varies depending on the season. In the summer, the hare can be gray, brown or black-brown, and in winter it brightens or becomes white entirely.
Breeding
Hares are very fertile, become sexually mature at 10 months of age. During the year, hares bring an average of three litters. The number of young in the brood can reach 12 individuals. Life expectancy of hares is 8-9 years, and they show maximum fecundity from 2 to 7 years, from the fourth year of life fertility decreases.
Nutrition
Diet depends on the season. Bean, underground mushrooms and grass hares eat in summer. In winter, food becomes bark and small branches of young trees - willow, hazel, aspen and birch. By spring, animals begin to gather on the lawns with young grass and are so addicted to fresh food that they lose their proper care.
Lifestyle
Hares are terrestrial, do not hibernate. Often move by jumping at speeds up to 70 km / h. Specific hares are great runners.
The hares have no permanent holes, they constantly change the places of the lezhe. In winter, hare's beds are located in thickets, brushwood and other hard-to-reach places. And in the fall, when frequent rains, and water is constantly dripping from the trees, the long-eared ones settle on open meadows in the grass.
Economic value
Hares are an object of developed fishing, especially in the northern regions. They get fur skins, meat and hair for the felt industry.
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Preschoolers about hares
Sotnikova Valentina Nikolaevna - a speech therapist at MADOU “Child Development Center - Kindergarten No. 33“ Rainbow ”of the city of Gubkin, Belgorod Region.The material is recommended for parents of older preschoolers.
What can you tell a child about hares
The hare is a wild animal. In the spring and summer, the fur coat on the hares is gray with tan and tan. Among the thick grasses, you will not notice Slant. The hare's ears are long, and the tail is bushy and short. The hind legs are longer than the front. During the jump, the hare throws forward first the hind legs, and then the front ones. Therefore, the hare easily runs up the hill, but it is much more difficult for him to descend.
The people call the hare Kosoy, because his eyes are not in the center of the muzzle, but are located on the sides, and the animal can see what is being done on the side and even behind it.
The hares have sharp teeth, which, like scissors, he cuts off the bark from the trees.
No hares make and food for the winter is not collected. During the day they sleep, hiding in the thicket of the forest: under the roots of a tree turned out of a storm or huddled in a hole under the bushes. From the winter cold, the hare hopes to take shelter in the forest thicket, burying in the fluffy snow under a bush. In the autumn, the hare changes a gray summer coat to snow-white, warm and fluffy. That's the whole hare preparation for the winter.
There is little feed in the winter in the forest, so the hares get to the stacks and feed on the hay. Sometimes they come to the gardens and gnaw off cabbage stalks, and if in the garden the trunks of young apple trees, the hare can nibble from them the bark.
Often the hare gallops behind the elk through the forest and picks up young aspen shoots behind it.
A lot of enemies lurk in a hare in the forest: a wolf, a marten, a fox, a hawk, an eagle, an owl - they all are not averse to eat delicious hare.
Fleeing from the pursuit, Slanting obscures the tracks, dodges, makes huge jumps to the side, to knock the fox, wolf or hunting dogs off the trail.
In the spring, hares appear fluffy, sighted hares.
Dictionary work:
1.- Describe the appearance of the hare.
2. - Name the hare family: hare - hare - hare
3. - What is the name of the house of the hare? “The hare has no home, he sleeps under bushes, the roots of a tree turned out of a storm.”
4. - What does a hare eat? - makes raids on vegetable gardens and gnaws cabbage stalks, carrots, gnaws tree bark, succulent forest plants.
In winter, hares feed on kolkhoz hay and young shoots of trees.
5. How does the hare prepare for winter? - For winter, the hare does not make any stock. In the autumn she changes her gray coat to a white one.
Activate in the child's dictionary the verbs:
jumps, dodges, tangles, rolls, nibbles. Explain the meaning of these words.
Learn riddles:
1) What kind of forest beast
Stood like a column
Under pine
And standing among the grass -
Ears bigger than head
2) Runs from the hill,
Pressing ears
3) straight through the field
Galloping white collar.
The cunning white hare got its name thanks to the well-known ability to change the summer gray-brown fur coat for the winter - white snow. This northern representative of the group of hares differs from the hare with short black ears and wider and long legs, which are covered with thick, warm fur with the first frosts. In winter, the long hair grows on the belly of the animal, due to which the white hare can lie motionless for a long time in the snow, remaining invisible to enemies. The hare is usually arranged by a hare near a bush - it is easier for him to hide its black ears.
Spring for a hare is a very difficult time. To get rid of white fur, which stands out noticeably against the backdrop of the reviving nature, the hare begins to roll on the ground, leaving everywhere behind the shreds of white wool, which the birds gladly use to build nests. In addition, very often at this time, hares have to flee from flooding.
A photo: hare in spring.
White hares often grow roots in dense coniferous forests of the northern regions. Today, they can be found in the vast territories of northern Eurasia: from Scandinavia to the Far East. Sedation is characteristic of whites, so they are rarely decided on a long journey in search of food. Mass migrations are characteristic only for tundra representatives of the species. Too high snow hides all the vegetation of the tundra, and the animal has to travel hundreds of kilometers to find food. White houses do not build permanent houses. In winter, the white hare sleeps in a small hole in the snow, from where it treads the whole path to the feeding place. It is on these tracks that hunters hunt the hare while hunting by tracing. In severe frosts, the hare has to dig snow holes. In summer, white hares sometimes choose abandoned burrows of other animals (marmots or arctic foxes) for their homes.
Beautiful photos of white hare:
The usual diet hare includes leguminous plants, grass, young shoots, mushrooms and seeds. Closer to winter, the furry animal goes to feed on bark and tree branches. The timidity and cowardice attributed to hares in fairy tales are in fact an invention. An adult white hare is a rather impudent animal, and according to experienced hunters it is arrogant. If you overtake him in the field, he is able to fight back, beating off with strong hind legs. The angle of view of the white hare is 180 º, which allows it to see everything happening on the sides and back. In order to see directly in front of him, he has to turn his head one way or the other side, so it seems as if the hare is mowing.
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