Business plan for growing raspberries. Growing raspberries as a profitable business

On horticultural forums, you can often find complaints about the stinginess of raspberries in terms of yield - the gardener allegedly gave half of the plot for this crop, and he does not pick up berries even in a half liter jar. At the same time, he usually blames anything - weather conditions, soil, variety - and not his own ignorance or negligence.

But in order to increase the yield of raspberries, it is enough just to satisfy its most basic needs and regularly perform a number of elementary agrotechnical techniques. And then the crimson bushes will cease to play the role of a living decorative fence and will thank the caring gardener with many liters of fragrant honey-sweet berries.

Let's get to know nine simple rules, the observance of which will allow you to harvest good raspberry harvests from year to year.

Rule number 1. Place the raspberry plant only in a well-lit place

Raspberries are a very sun-loving plant that also does not tolerate the slightest thickening. If you grow this berry in an ordinary way, then leave a distance of at least 1.5 meters between the rows, and at least 70 centimeters between individual seedlings. In this case, you will minimize the number of pests and pathogens due to better ventilation of the bushes. It is also advisable to tie the raspberry shoots to the trellis.

Ideally, there should be at least one meter between individual raspberry plants in a row, and the row spacing should be about two meters. It is also advisable to fence off the planting of this culture from others. garden plants a slate fence, buried in the soil at least 25-30 centimeters.

Rule # 2. Avoid overgrowth

Timely cutting of fruit-bearing branches and removal of shoots at the very beginning of its appearance is a prerequisite for high productivity of raspberries. Consider that the growth takes away from the mother bushes vitality, as a result of which they leave for the winter weakened. To combat excess shoots, it is enough to regularly prune them with a sharp shovel at a depth of 7 to 8 centimeters. And after fruiting is complete, old shoots should be removed as soon as possible.

Rule number 3. Raspberries must be formed

A properly formed three-year-old raspberry bush should have 7 to 8 replacement shoots and reach a height of 1.3 to 1.8 meters. It is also recommended to leave a couple more safety shoots in case the main ones break. Injured and twisted shoots cannot be used as substitutes.

Rule number 4. Regularly treat raspberry bushes from diseases and pests

As protective equipment against harmful insects and pathogens, it is better to use periodic treatments of plants with decoctions and infusions of plants with insecticidal properties.

Rule # 5: Take the time to properly prepare your raspberries for winter.

Leaves are a breeding ground for diseases and pests! They need to be removed in the fall.

In order for your plants to winter successfully, they need to create the appropriate conditions. First, first, remove all leaves from the bushes in early October. Bend green and slightly lignified shoots slightly to the soil. I do not advise you to delay this work, because lignified twigs do not bend well, tend to crack and even break. The shoots pulled to the ground should be pressed down with some heavy object (for example, a log or board) or pinned down with metal or wooden hooks. Avoid placing bricks on the tops of the shoots or sprinkling them with soil.

Throughout the winter, you need to ensure that the thickness of the snow above the bent raspberry shoots is at least 40-50 centimeters.

Frost-resistant varieties do not need additional shelter, but raspberries, which are less resistant to frost, need to be insulated for the winter (for example, with burlap, matting, spruce branches, corn stalks, etc.).

Rule # 6. Don't spare raspberries with organic fertilizers

In early spring, it makes sense to mulch the soil in the raspberry patch with a layer of rotted manure 2 to 3 centimeters thick, on top of which to put another 10-12 centimeters of humus or ready-made compost. In the first half of the growing season, raspberries need increased doses of nitrogen for the development of the aboveground part and organic mulch generously supplies plants with all the nutrition they need. At the same time, ammonia does not evaporate from the soil, since it is covered with a dense layer of humus.

Rule number 7. You can not dig soil in raspberries

Periodic digging causes damage to the roots of fruiting bushes, due to which their productivity suffers greatly. You can suppress the growth of weeds, reduce the need for irrigation and eliminate the need for loosening and digging up the soil by regularly mulching the soil in the berry.

Rule number 8. Double pruning is the main secret of high yields of raspberries

To put this pruning method into practice, raspberry seedlings are placed in one row with a width of 70 to 80 centimeters. On all sides of the beds, bumpers are made from pieces of slate, then along their perimeter with inside low mounds are poured from a mixture of humus and garden soil, taken in equal parts. Plants are planted in grooves formed by such rollers. This greatly simplifies watering as it prevents uncontrolled water spills.

The bushes are placed at a distance of 1.2 - 1.5 meters from one another - as they grow, they should not intertwine and interfere with each other. In April, the soil on the plot is covered with a 15-20 cm layer of mulch, which includes completely decomposed manure, foliage, compost, peat, etc.

In principle, under a generous layer of organic matter, the soil rarely dries up, but for summer period it may be necessary to carry out one or two waterings. There is no need to loosen or dig up the soil between the rows, it already has a super soft and lumpy structure.

The most juicy and fragrant berries are formed on the tops of raspberry shoots. In general, the shoot can be divided into three segments: from the upper one we get the highest yield, in the middle segment, slightly fewer berries are formed, but in the lower tier they almost never exist, no matter what variety you grow.

In late spring, when the branches grow from 80 - 120 centimeters, you need to shorten their tops by 5 - 10 centimeters. With this technique, you limit the development of shoots in the vertical direction and stimulate the formation of buds in the axils of the upper leaves.

After three months, at least 5-6 lateral growths are formed on the trimmed shoots. For the winter, each shoot must be pressed to the ground and fixed with hooks. In the spring of next year, when the leaves are fully open, side shoots also shorten by 12 - 15 centimeters.

Double pruning of raspberries stimulates the formation of new high-yielding shoots both on the main stem and on its branches. And since the lateral shoots do not appear at the same time, the fruiting period stretches for a whole month, that is, on average, it lasts until the beginning of autumn.

And to further extend the harvesting season for fresh berries, you can use a slightly modified version of double pruning. In this case, in early spring, divide all your bushes into two groups: for some plants, trim only the tops of the branches, and on others, remove 1/3 - 1/2 of each shoot. And cut a few bushes in the most radical way, leaving only 10 - 15 centimeters on each shoot.

You will remove the first berries from easily cut plants, then bushes with branches shortened by a third or a half will enter the fruiting phase, and already at the end of summer the harvest will ripen on radically cut bushes.

All the nuances of double cropping are well described in the video - I advise you to definitely watch.

Rule # 9. Regularly rejuvenate old raspberry bushes

With age, raspberries gradually decrease their ability to form new shoots. And finally the moment comes when the twigs and berries become ridiculously small. However, there is no need to uproot old bushes - you can simply rejuvenate them.

To make raspberries happy again good harvests, it is necessary to get rid of the decrepit rhizome. Thus, by changing the ratio between the aboveground and underground parts of the plant, it will be easier for raspberries to extract nutrients from the soil.

Of course, you will have to work hard, because the powerful roots of this culture occupy a very large area under the surface of the earth. But if you make the right effort, then later, even from 7-year-old bushes, you can collect a very decent amount of berries.

Please note that the greatest effect of such rejuvenation can be obtained if at the same time significant doses of both mineral and organic fertilizers are applied to the soil.

These are the main methods of increasing the yield of raspberries, used by many generations of gardeners. Dear readers, how do you care for your raspberries and what tricks do you use to ensure their abundant and long-term fruiting?

Harvesting a crop of 5-6 kg from one raspberry bush is quite realistic. Now we will talk about this in more detail and find out how to achieve this.
This is not difficult to achieve, it is enough just to properly care for the plant. Firstly, in order to prevent single stalks sticking out, it is necessary to properly prepare raspberries for winter.

Usually the tops of the bush are bare, and from below there are a lot of young shoots, which always freeze in winter. And this means that a rich harvest this year can not be expected.
Secondly, it is necessary to plant raspberry seedlings, making the distance between the bushes at least 1-1.3 m, and between the rows 2-2.5 M. There should be 5-8 shoots in the bush.

As soon as the shoots reach 110-130 cm, the tops must be slightly trimmed by 8-12 cm. It is advisable to prune in late spring. After pruning, after 5-7 days, young shoots from 4 to 7 cm appear, and after a while they will turn into shoots. Usually by August, these shoots will be 30 to 80 cm long.This way, you will have a properly formed lush and powerful bush.

And for the winter, it bends closer to the ground and is under the snow, therefore it does not freeze.
It is necessary to bend each bush to the ground, pressing it down with a log or board, but it is better to do this with metal hooks. It is desirable that the snow cover is 40-50 cm thick.

If the raspberries endured overwintering, then you did everything right and in the spring you need to cut the shoots by 6-8 cm, which were formed additionally. The second pruning is considered important, because usually additional shoots grow after it along the entire trunk and up to the root collar. By the end of summer, these shoots appear from 14 to 28 pieces.

Accordingly, the entire bush will be first covered with flowers, then with ovaries and, of course, with fruits. Such a bush cannot but delight the gardener's eye.
During the growing season with two pruning, from early summer to mid-autumn, it is important that frosts do not occur, the raspberry bush bears fruit and continuously forms new flowers, ovaries and fruits. And it is not necessary that the raspberry varieties be remontant.

It is worth remembering that raspberries love light, space and air, as well as timely watering. In the spring, it is important to leave only the most powerful and strong shoots, replacing the old shoots of last year. It is also important to leave at least 3-4 of the strongest shoots in case the rest of the young ones freeze in winter.

Raspberries are very fond of moisture, so regular watering is simply necessary for it. To keep moisture in the soil for a long time, raspberry bushes must be fenced off and covered with humus. It also serves as an excellent plant nutrition. Beginning in spring, fresh manure should be applied regularly.

If the bush has grown a lot, then it must be tied up. You can tie the shoots to a wooden railing. For example, a bush has 6 large shoots, which means you need to tie 3 pieces to one rail on one side and 3 pieces to another rail on the other side.

Usually, young shoots will grow between them. Do not use metal wire or rope as a support.

More and more people are starting to give preference to the agricultural and horticultural business. Today, consumers prioritize the quality of food, therefore fruits, berries and vegetables grown by amateur gardeners are in constant demand in the markets.

The profitability of the horticultural business is quite high. For example, raspberries are very healthy, delicious berry, therefore, the demand for it is year-round. Moreover, this perennial, yielding a crop several times per season. Investments are minimal, it is thanks to this that this business is profitable and practically win-win.

Growing in industrial nurseries

Using this technology, raspberries are propagated by the root method, the sprouts are planted in special queen cells. Root shoots are laid in the fall, taking into account the area, soil preparation and the quality of the planting material. Planting ends about 20 days before frost. The ideal scheme for planting would be 1.5-2 sprouts for every 0.5 meters to a depth of 20 cm.When the seedlings have taken root, their entire ground part is cut off to form more shoots.

In the spring, before the start of growth, all last year's shoots are cut again. This stimulates the growth of many new shoots and prevents flowering prohibited by phytosanitary standards... After the growing season, part of the shoots is mown so that their height does not exceed 35 cm. Then the seedlings are dug up, the mother plant can be used for 3 years.

If you follow all the technology, you can get up to 120 thousand healthy seedlings from 1 hectare of the mother plant. For elite varieties, propagation by green micro-animals with cuttings from 3 to 6 cm in the period May-June is used.

Growing in greenhouses

Greenhouses close in early spring, protection from rain reduces the risk of gray mold and fungal diseases on the shoots. Growth accelerates, the number of ovaries, and therefore berries, increases. Thanks to the frost protection, the fruiting period is extended and the harvest continues until November.

During the summer period, the tunnels are left open at the ends and at the sides. This provides protection against mites and fungi.

To harvest in winter and early spring, it is necessary to heat the greenhouse. Today this direction in business is gaining more and more popularity.

Covering with agrofibre

If in early spring cover the raspberries with agrofibre, then fruiting will begin 2 weeks earlier. It is necessary to remove the shelter when the shoots grow up to 30-40 cm.

Company registration

You can register your business as a "Horticultural non-profit partnership" or "Country non-profit partnership", abbreviated SNT and DNP.

For any type of registration, it is necessary to collect a package of documents: documents for ownership or lease, letters of guarantee owners of real estate for a legal address, full passport details of all founders and managers, etc.

Purchase of seedlings. Raspberry varieties

The growing process is quite laborious. It is important to plan everything in advance. The foundation successful business depends on the efficiency of economic investments.

In general, raspberries are divided into two types:

ordinary;
repairing.

A common two-year-old raspberry begins to bear fruit in the second year and produces a crop once a season. These berries are very juicy, incredibly sweet and aromatic. But these varieties do not tolerate frost well and are susceptible to many diseases.

Repaired raspberries yield equally well in the first year and in the second. It bears fruit both in summer and autumn. Such varieties are frost-resistant, slightly susceptible to various diseases and pests. This berry does not require additional processing chemicals and therefore environmentally friendly. Its disadvantages include whimsical feeding, and this requires additional costs.

Common raspberry varieties

Lyashka(Lyachka, Laska) is a Polish variety that ripens early, so when choosing this particular species, you can count on a leading position in the market.

the berries are large, each weighing from 5 to 10 grams, reaching 4 cm in length;
frost-resistant;
high fertility - up to 20 tons of berries per hectare;
berries are elastic, do not crumple during transportation.

requires careful processing from fungi;
at very low temperatures air freezing of the kidneys.

Characteristic features of cultivation:

gaps between bushes in one row - 0.5 m;
the gap between the rows is 2-2.5 m;
there should be a distance of 20-25 cm between the shoots;
it must be placed on a two-lane trellis so that new and old shoots are tied up from different sides;
in the spring, the upper quarter of the shoot is necessarily pruned.

Octavia- an uncommon variety on domestic counters. But it is quite promising when organizing a business.

red big berries, each from 6 to 8 grams;
appetizing appearance and pleasant taste;
high yield - up to 25 tons per hectare;
excellent frost resistance;
well transported;
resistant to disease;
even in bad weather, the berries do not crumble.

very low reproductive capacity.

Remaining raspberry varieties

A shelf Is a selective Dutch variety. It stands out for its taste and aroma. When frozen and processed, it does not lose its properties.

berry size - from 4 to 8 grams;
bears fruit until frost;
harvest up to 10 tons per hectare per season;
well transported;
can be grown without trellises;
perfectly reproduces from root shoots.

does not tolerate drought;
susceptible to root diseases.

Joan G.- berries are dark red, juicy.

drought tolerance;
easy separation of berries from the stalk;
yield up to 19 tons per hectare;
the weight of each berry is about 6 grams.

high probability of damage during transportation;
a trellis garter is required.

Feature - no thorns.

Himbo Top - a variety of Swiss selection. It is very popular in European countries, has increased disease resistance.

"Giant" among other varieties - up to 10 grams;
excellent taste;
keeps well;
high yield;
takes root easily;
good endurance.

problem transportation;
it is difficult to distinguish ripe berries from unripe ones;
overripe berries crumble from the shoots.

Zyugan- a versatile variety, highly promising for business.

resistance to drought and heat;
excellent transportability;
even without a refrigerator it can be stored up to 7 days;
the yield is excellent;
large berries, up to 12 grams each;
strong root system;
does not require a garter.

Having decided on the variety, you can start purchasing. Today there are many companies and websites selling raspberry seedlings both wholesale and retail. The average price for a bush is about 100 rubles.

For some reason, it turns out that now people who are quite far from this are actively interested in this business. Those people who finally came to the idea (that cherished light bulb with the inscription "EUREKA" flashed in their head!) That it would be time to plant something other than potatoes.

Everyone has different reasons why they chose raspberries. But the main thing is nothing to do, worked for a couple of weeks and million earned... This is what will be discussed ...

I was prompted to write this article by a call from one of my potential clients today. The man was looking for a supplier of seedlings for planting three hectares of raspberries. As you already understood, a person does not really have knowledge.

I’m not saying that they don’t need to do this (on the contrary, I welcome it), it’s just that many people want to make money on such people, but there is no one to prompt them in time.

So, what is the danger of the Internet in this case?

Now, many sites in the descriptions of varieties present them as super-mega-yielding, unpretentious, and so on. At the same time, such a crazy yield is indicated that only the most notorious lazy person will not want to grow raspberries. It is enough just to buy raspberry seedlings from them and you will be happy.

The whole meaning can be expressed in one saying:

In order for the cow to give more milk and eat less - it needs to be fed less and milked more!

But the trouble is - having invested considerable funds (as for novice farmers) in our time, people are waiting for the ball to come. For some reason it does not work 25 - 35 tons yield per hectare. And then people's eyes light up as soon as they multiply the "harvest" by the cost of berries on the market. The reality is somewhat different: people, having received 6-8 tons of berries, begin to gradually become disillusioned with this occupation. In addition, the wholesale price differs significantly (2 times) from the retail price.

The reason is that sellers of raspberry seedlings present the purchase of planting material as almost a single item of expenditure in the process of growing raspberries.

And here I see two options for solving the problem:

Or not to do this without having enough knowledge, which I, in fact, am inclined to do. For everyone should do what he knows best. You can't be "a little pregnant." The market, which, by the way, is now (in my opinion) entering the phase when, in order to stay afloat, you need to provide product quality and low cost (and this requires a high yield). People already want to buy less and less, as they say in Ukraine "abi sho", because now they have a lot to choose from.
Or roll up your sleeves, still get to the truth and accumulate this same knowledge. Fortunately, now they are in the public domain, you just need to move the mouse - and Google will tell you everything.

So, let's figure out how to get high the yield of raspberries per one hundred square meters, the yield of raspberries from the bush, the yield of raspberries per hectare.

Nutrition (fertilizing raspberries)

The raspberry yield indicated in the description of the varieties is achieved only against the background of a full nutrition culture... What do you mean? After reading our article on this topic and spending no complex calculations, you will receive an amount approximately equal to 1500-2000 USD per hectare. This is the approximate money that needs to be invested in fertilizers applied when growing raspberries.

Watering raspberries

Another important point is an watering raspberries. Moreover, this expense item s in the total estimate takes 20% or more of the total cost of laying the plantation.

There are clients who ask: - "What, do you also need to water? You can't do without it?" I'm not kidding, there have been some!

Raspberry variety

Also, one of the factors determining the profitability of growing raspberries is the choice of raspberry varieties. As you know, high-yielding large-fruited varieties did not appear immediately. They are bred by crossing their less productive ancestors. Therefore, in most cases, new varieties also have better characteristics.

The description of varieties can be found in the section "Description of raspberry varieties".

The soil

The process of preparing the soil, laying out and selecting the site itself is also very important. Any gross mistake made at this stage can result in loss of crops in subsequent years.

More details about soil preparation and selection in the article "Planting raspberries: choosing a place".

Agricultural technology of cultivation

Cadres are everything

Agree, having decided to grow raspberries in serious areas, it is foolish to count on the fact that you yourself will be able to serve all this. And this is where the notorious human factor makes itself felt! This is where the words of one broad famous person... And sometimes it turns out to be a whole problem. This is due to the mentality inherent in all post-Soviet countries, instilled in us during the union: - "If you don't steal, you won't live!"

Therefore, you have to install all sorts of GPS trackers, locks on tanks, etc. Means of protection and fertilizers also tend to migrate from the warehouse to the gardens of fellow villagers and relatives of workers.

The quality of the planting material

And, finally, the most important thing - raspberry seedlings. Rather, their quality. Indeed, according to my observations, it is unscrupulous sellers who sell outright trash that often lure buyers with an imaginary quality and a guarantee of high yields.

Therefore, if you want to buy raspberry seedlings, treat it as an investment. After all, this is your means of production. You must understand one thing: you cannot blind a bullet from ... clay).

Well, something like this. And the final choice is always yours. So good luck and high yields!

Trust me, my goal is not to scare you away from this business. After all, I, after all, have a material interest in the fact that you would buy seedlings. I just want you to be aware of what you want to do and what to expect from it.

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You've heard a lot about the profitability of the raspberry business. Do you still believe in 100% and higher profitability of growing raspberries, 144% payback and other populist slogans of sofa theorists talking about agribusiness behind the monitor? Then this article is for you.

Tags:

Berry business

If you are interested in the profitability of the raspberry case, prepare for the unexpected. What is included in the cost price and where is the catch, secrets, pitfalls of agricultural technology and sales - personal experience and the experience of raspberry farming.

Growing over the past 5 years a berry for sale - raspberries, which our family contract does not have too much - 15 acres, and strawberries and currants, I want to give the reader a real picture. What an inexperienced gardener will face when deciding to take up the raspberry business seriously, what harsh realities sun berry expect what can be frustrating and fiasco.

Raspberry Profitability - Why Don't Numbers Work?

In many articles, the so-called. business plans about growing raspberries as a business in Ukraine, Russia, in Europe - Poland, in particular, provide stunning yields. So, 50 t / ha allegedly at the request of the originator.

Let's be realistic: there are no such crops. And even the variety declared in the description, even if not exaggerated by an enterprising seller, was achieved on experimental fields with the highest level agricultural technology.

Much depends on both the characteristics of the crop and the density of planting, agricultural technology - rationing, pruning, fertilization and protection.
Prices and method of sale - the percentage of sales for the fresh market or for processing, wholesale or retail.
Unforeseen circumstances: weather conditions. You can't argue with them. Infected planting material, poor survival rate, frost and fallouts, a rainy year or drought - everything should be taken into account in calculating the profitability of a raspberry tree.
The human factor is the most important. No comments, but you need to take into account.

What yield should be expected - we divide all calculations by 2, then we will get a more or less true picture. Do not rush to be disappointed in the article if you were expecting pleasant tales of super profits - but you will not have to be disappointed in your own actions.

Important: in such couch calculations, where the harvest from a bush is 10 kg and the cost of 1 kg is 10 kopecks, many items of expenditure are absent. So, often they do not take into account or partially the materials for supports and garters, they underestimate the share attributable to feeding.

And they forget about the main thing - about implementation. Starting with packaging, storage, transportation, payment for a trading place (documents, rent, etc.). And if we also pay for labor, the picture is not at all as rosy as they usually draw in business ideas.

Getting Started: Basic Costs

First of all, I will disappoint: I will not give numbers, only a percentage. Why - just prices jump year after year, and on the Internet we are all residents different countries where prices are different.

In addition, you cannot cite the absolute cost of production and operate with specific numbers, position your story about activities as a business plan, not knowing what expenses the reader is planning, and which article will be deleted, what is the real cost of planting material in a particular market, fertilizers - and even fuel - lubricants and covering films, and what kind of finished product.

That is why, raising my notes and eyes to the ceiling, I will give the percentage of costs, after making simple calculations, I will present the profitability of small-scale production of raspberries, how to call fashionable small and medium-sized farms. No, I will not take the numbers from the ceiling - I will just think with concentration :)

It is worth setting ourselves up to the idea that we will receive the first profit from the business in 3-1 years. The planned yield is about 3 t / ha for early (summer) varieties. Sales - 23-25% for the fresh market, 22-25% for the fresh market in bulk, 50% for processing.

Raspberry expenses: uncut

And how many raspberries do we have on the plot for industrial cultivation is it profitable to start? Let's take not a spherical horse in a vacuum, but a specific area of 10 acres. With a planting scheme of 0.7-1 m in a row, depending on the variety and 2-2.5 m in row spacings, we have 10 rows in a row 50 m long. There are about 60 bushes in a row, 60 x 10 = 600 bushes in total.
And what kind of harvest did they take? With an average yield, take a really average value of 3 kg per bush = 1800 kg.
What is the average yield of raspberries? Have productive, good varieties- up to 400 c / ha, i.e. 400 kg per hundred square meters, 4 kg per m2.

Selling at $ 0.8-1.5 per kg, we get a profit of $ 2160. - let's round it up. If we sell it cheaper, we hand it over for processing, wholesale 2000-2100 USD.

And how much do our seedlings cost? And they cost 0.4 USD. per piece on average, total 0.4 x 900 = 360 cu we spent on planting material.

Summing up all the costs listed below for irrigation systems, protective equipment and fertilizers, mulch, film, packaging and transportation, we come to a stunning conclusion: we paid for everything and even earned a couple of hundred!

And where are all these people who talked about 100% profitability of the raspberry business!

The profitability of planting raspberries early varieties in the first year of full-fledged fruiting, it will not exceed 35%, no matter how hard you try - for a higher one you do not need to water or fertilize, and the product itself will go to the market.

About the cost - what is the cost of 1 kg of raspberries? According to estimates, on average, up to 0.2 dollars or 4 UAH (for Ukraine). A higher cost price is justified with a higher product price, with a larger sales volume).

About expense items in detail

Recall that in this article we are talking about the profitability of early varieties.

Plantation year:

purchase of planting material (seedlings) 65-70% of the budget;
fertilizers for planting 10-15%;
covering material (when planting in autumn, in regions with severe winters) 5-10%;
labor remuneration (if used) 5-6%;
transportation of seedlings, etc. 1-2%.

Expenditure items in year one:

Drip irrigation 50-55%;
Mineral fertilizers, organic matter (if used) 7-10%;
Means of protection (antifungal, insecticides, etc.) up to 7%.
Mulching material (agrofibre) - subject to use, depending on the type, quality, etc., up to 25%.
Vegetable mulch 5-7%.

Expenses for the second year:

Mineral fertilizers + remedies up to 10-12% in total;
When the plantation enters full fruiting, the cost items will change dramatically.
Collection of products (using labor force) 50-70%;
Containers (containers, blisters, boxes, etc.) 2-2.5%;
Transportation (fuel and lubricants, etc.) up to 7%.

Cooling and storage costs not included (stationary refrigeration units, refrigerated vans, etc.).
Also, soil cultivation was not included - plowing, cultivation, cultivation or harrowing, cutting of ridges - depending on the task.

The average statistical situation: all capital investments fight back - sorry, they pay off, in 3.9 years - in the second year of full fruiting, taking into account the fact that we are waiting for a full harvest for 3 years after the plantation was laid. This is true for early varieties, with remontant, the situation is somewhat different - we will consider it in another article. Let's put it briefly - its production is more profitable due to the higher gross collection.

Not a lot, is it? But it’s not empty either: we are reaching full payback, of course, in the third year. If you have not recaptured the costs - it's okay: next year you won't have to spend money on landing.

We examined this on conditionally approximate values of profitability early raspberries... Recall that its percentage is directly proportional to the volume of landings. If on your fingers: theoretically, the most cost-effective would be to steal 1 seedling from a neighbor, pour it with rain and fertilize with fallen leaves, remove a glass of berries and sell for 5 kopecks - a benefit on the face, no costs. With a larger shaft, the costs of planting material and other items of expenditure are more likely to be discouraged - whatever one may say, but there is little difference - we carry the conditional 100 and only 20 kg of raspberries: gasoline costs the same. And when buying fertilizers in bulk - cheaper, and covering material, and sometimes even containers.

But the numbers will be somewhat different when calculating profitability remontant raspberry, bearing fruit for more than 2 months, until frost. Due to the higher gross yield, higher yield, even if the price of seedlings is higher, in the end we will reach a profitability of about 60-65% - and this is a big difference. The calculation includes the same items, only the numbers will be different: about 80% of the budget will be spent on seedlings in the year of laying, the cost is lower. However, it will be a completely different story - I will tell it next time. Bountiful harvest to your raspberries!