Bearded irises. Growing bearded iris in a garden bed

It has long gained popularity due to its unusual appearance and unpretentiousness. They practically do not require care, even an inexperienced gardener can cope with growing. Many varieties of this plant have been bred. In order not to get confused in such a variety, it is necessary to study in advance irises, varieties with photos and names. This will help create spectacular garden to the envy of all the neighbors.

Varieties of irises

Iris is a perennial unpretentious plant, which differs unusual shape and flower color. It is suitable for growing open areas flooded with sunlight. A distinctive feature of the flowers is their charming delicate aroma. Therefore, they are often used in the perfume industry.

Wild-growing irises today can be found in meadows, in the steppe or on sheer cliffs. Under conditions, about five hundred different varieties suitable for growing on household plots. They can be divided into several large groups:

bearded;
dwarf;
bulbous;
Siberian;
marsh;
Japanese.

In European countries, it is customary to divide these plants into 10 - 15 categories. Separately, border, Californian and some other species are distinguished. To decide which of them will take root better on your site, carefully study the irises, their varieties with photos and names.

bearded irises

Iris bearded is considered one of the most common varieties of plants. His distinctive feature becomes the presence of fine hairs on the lower petals. They have a more saturated color compared to the general tone of the flower. Among the most spectacular varieties are:

This is just a small part of the variety on the market today. When choosing, pay attention to the fact that the flowers are in harmony with neighboring specimens and fit into overall design site.

The height of such varieties can reach 80 cm, so you should not plant them in close proximity to photophilous low-growing plants.

dwarf irises

Iris dwarf differs from its counterparts in its small stature. The height of the peduncles does not exceed 40 cm. For most varieties, this parameter is 20 cm at all. They will become ideal option for the design of small compact flower beds. Among the most popular varieties are:

Dwarf irises do well in light, permeable soils. If the soil in your garden is heavy, then add sand to it before planting.

bulbous irises

Everyone is used to the fact that irises are rhizomatous plants. Modern specialists have managed to breed several varieties growing from bulbs. They are remarkably different early flowering. They can be compared to snowdrops. As soon as the snow melts, the first flowers appear. There are three main types:

Bulbous irises look good in a flower bed with crocuses, galanthus and so on. They will be ideal for alpine slides.

Such varieties can be grown in pots and large planters. They will be an excellent decoration of verandas and arbors.

Siberian irises

Photos of Siberian irises are impressive. They are distinguished by the extraordinary beauty of the flowers. The value of this species is also in the fact that the foliage of the plant has a rich green color throughout the season. The most spectacular varieties are:

Such varieties look spectacular along the banks of improvised reservoirs, in large ones. Groups of such flowers can decorate the lawn, which will give the landscape an unusual look.

swamp irises

Iris marsh or iris grows everywhere in our country. The leaves of this species are sword-shaped. Their length can reach two meters. This species does well in partial shade. Therefore, such flowers can be planted along fences or near trees with a not too dense crown. Among the most popular varieties are:

Having studied these varieties of irises with photos and names, we can conclude that they are ideal for group plantings. With help different types irises can create spectacular flower beds.

Japanese irises

Japanese iris has orchid-shaped flowers. Their size can vary from 15 to 25 cm. In Japan, such plants are planted so that they can be admired from a height. From this angle, they look the most impressive.

The plants are large, so when planting between them, it is necessary to maintain a distance of at least 30 cm. The most popular varieties:

After studying the photo of the varieties of irises, you can choose the right planting material that is suitable for your type of soil. If you choose specimens with different flowering periods, you can admire the beauty of flowers all summer long.

Irises bloom in the garden - video

The rhizome of this flower is called "violet root", and its aroma really resembles the faint smell of violets. In this article, we will talk about existing types and varieties of irises. You will learn how to properly plant a crop and how to care for it so that it grows in open ground was successful.

Iris ( Russian name flower - killer whale) - a rhizomatous perennial with xiphoid leaves with a wax coating and thin, fibrous roots.

Irises can be found on many summer cottages. However, not all flower growers know how many varieties of these flowers are bred by breeders.

Multi-colored iris flowers (petal color - from white to dark purple), outwardly similar to orchids, have a pleasant faint aroma. Some varieties of garden irises have a "beard" on the lower petals. The flowering of irises begins in May and lasts until June: each individual flower retains its decorative effect for about a week. The seeds of the plant ripen in autumn, in trihedral boxes that contain from 25 to 45 seeds.

Modern types and varieties of irises are so diverse, beautiful and fragrant that it is difficult to make a choice when growing in open ground in favor of any one variety.

Varieties and varieties of iris

There are main varieties of irises that are grown in summer cottages, in the open field in parks and squares, and are used to arrange compositions in landscape design.

bearded iris

bearded iris(I. barbata) - this species is divided in turn into three subspecies, depending on the height of the plant:

undersized - plant height does not exceed 40 cm;
medium-sized - plants reach a height of up to 70 cm;
tall - above 70 cm.

The species got its name for the decorative "beard" that adorns the lower petals of the flower along the middle part. The color of bearded iris flowers varies from pale blue to dark purple. Breeders have bred a huge number of new varieties of bearded iris, including two-color ones with bordered petals. These varieties are very decorative, compact, with large flowers and an exciting aroma.

Russian iris

Russian iris(I. ruthenia Ker-Gawler) - forms low dense "pillows" - clumps. Varieties of Russian iris bloom with medium-sized flowers of pale colors. It tolerates short-term drying of the soil. In landscape design, it is used to decorate rocky hills and rock gardens, where rare watering is required.

Siberian iris

Siberian iris, which is actually called iris, is a tall plant, reaches 1 m. The flowers are saturated, purple with shades of blue. Siberian iris and its hybrids bred by breeders are distinguished into a separate subspecies of irises: limniris. In plants of this subgroup, there is no “beard” on the limb of the petals.

Iris marsh

Iris marsh, or yellow, grows in nature along the shores of lakes, rivers, along the slopes of wet ravines. It can develop and bloom well on saline soils, at high outdoor temperatures. These varieties of iris are successfully used in landscape design for decoration. artificial reservoirs: outdoor pools, ponds, waterfalls, iris tolerates excessive watering, looks great when planted decoratively.

Iris smooth

Iris smooth(I. laevigata Fisch) - cultivation at high humidity air; abundant watering is required. Planted near water bodies.

Germanic iris

Germanic iris- with sword-like leaves and flowers on tall, strong peduncles, up to 90 cm long. The plant is suitable for decorating bouquets, grown for cutting.

Iris dwarf

Iris dwarf- a low plant, in total reaches a size of 10 cm. Forms dense curtains when grown in open ground. Small flowers have a variety of colors.

Iris Kaempfer

Iris Kaempfer(another name is xiphoid iris) refers to late varieties species irises. Leaves 30-40 cm high frame the flat flowers of the xiphoid iris. Peduncles reach 60-70 cm.

Japanese iris

Japanese iris- an extensive type of irises, which is divided into subgroups depending on the size of the flower. The cultivation of these varieties is most preferable due to the high decorativeness of the flowers. Japanese irises often form double flowers in different dates(early, middle, late, very late). The flowers of the Japanese iris are painted in all shades of rich purple. Flowers of this subgroup do not tolerate wintering well.

Planting a plant

Irises - planting and caring for plants of all botanical species in the open field is approximately the same.

Foreign breeders have bred varieties of tuberous irises, the cultivation of which is not difficult. These flowers have a small height and narrow, graceful petals of bright, saturated colors. planting material enters the sale in the fall, planting is done before winter.

To plant the bulbs, a trench is dug, the excavated soil is mixed with:

sand;
double superforsate;
crushed coal;
fresh garden soil.

Leave enough space between plants when planting

In the prepared grooves, the bottom of which is sprinkled with sand (you can spill it with a pink solution of potassium permanganate, epin or heteroauxin), the bulbs of irises are laid out with a sprout up.

Important! Bulbs should not be buried deep into the ground. Rule: it is customary to plant small-bulbous plants at a depth of 3 bulb heights.

Planting small-bulb irises does not require watering, the moisture that was used to irrigate the planting furrow is sufficient. The soil on top needs to be lightly tamped so that the birds cannot pull out the bulbs before they take root. Flowering of small-bulb irises will begin next spring.

Growing. bearded irises

Landing bearded irises requires compliance with certain rules:

Do not forget that bearded irises need to be fed very carefully.

It is impossible to bring fresh manure, compost or nitrogen fertilizers into the garden when planting.
In acidic soil, chalk or lime should be added first. The acidity of the soil should be reduced.
It is not allowed to plant rhizomes of irises in dense, caked soil. Preliminary digging of the soil on a spade bayonet and the introduction of sand will make the soil more acceptable for growing your irises in the open field.
The rhizomes of bearded irises are not buried in the soil: the buds should be at the level of the top layer of soil.

Proper care

Iris in landscape design

Very often, iris is used when planting in parks, squares, when decorating territories in landscape design. A huge variety of varieties and species, as well as the high resistance of the plant itself, allow the wider use of this crop for landscaping. Curtains of irises of different varieties look great on a lawn carpet.

"Fields" of irises of different colors look very beautiful

Mono-plantings of iris culture decorate urban areas and do not require serious care. This culture has the advantage - perennial plantings in one place and maintaining a decorative look.

Iris care: video

Varieties of irises: photo

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bearded irises- lovers of heat and bright sun. These beautiful flowers, according to legend, grew on the site of a rainbow that broke out all over the earth when Prometheus gave fire to people. This bright flower has 700 various kinds and countless shapes and shades. The most spectacular of them is the bearded iris, a tall and beautiful flower.

Time and place of planting bearded iris

The best time to plant an iris is during the active growth phase of its root system, which begins immediately after the flowering period. For different types of iris, this period will be different, but it is the bearded iris that blooms in July - at the beginning of the month it begins to bloom, and ends by August. After the iris has faded, you need to wait a couple of weeks, and then you can start dividing the bushes for planting. It turns out that this is the very end of July and the beginning of August, but landing is possible until the end of summer. In the southern regions, where heat lasts longer, planting is possible until the end of September. It is impossible to delay planting for a long time - the flower will not have time to take root before the onset of cold weather.

As for the choice of location, it should be a sunny area without shading. Shading is allowed only partial in the afternoon - the iris loves the sun very much, and in the shade it does not bloom well. Protect your landing from gusty winds - this delicate flower just fly around.

When choosing a soil for planting, it is better to focus on slightly acidic or alkaline soil. If there is no suitable one on the site, then the existing one can be improved. Add sand and peat to heavy soil, and lime to acid soil. For bearded irises (unlike other species of this plant), rocky soil is also suitable. It is also important to monitor the absence of weeds - they can cause flower diseases.

Planting bearded iris

When the site is selected, you can start landing. Bearded irises are planted with a rhizome, not seeds, because seed propagation does not preserve the properties of the variety. In a small hole, a mound is poured in the center, on which the rhizome is located, and the roots are distributed along the edges of the hole. The roots are sprinkled with soil, and the mound with the rhizome is covered with a small layer of coarse sand. You can not deepen the rhizome, otherwise the plant will not have enough strength to hatch up. Holes should be made at a distance of 50 centimeters. Watering immediately after planting is not required.

Iris bearded care

Caring for this flower is not too difficult, the basic rules are to fertilize and remove weeds. As noted above, weeds create conditions in which diseases dangerous to iris develop well. Therefore, their prevention will be frequent weeding.

As for feeding, it's better to do it mineral fertilizers three times a year:

in early May at the time of bud growth;
at the beginning of June for better development peduncle;
a couple of weeks after the start of flowering to form buds for the next flowering.

During these periods, you can sprinkle the soil with a small amount of ash, which will reduce the acidity of the soil and reduce the risk of flower diseases. It is better to cover imported varieties for the winter in order to avoid freezing of flower buds. In this case, the iris will continue to grow, but will stop blooming. Russian breeding varieties can not be covered - they will survive the frost perfectly. Irises are covered with soil or peat, and in the spring they carefully remove the shelter. If the rhizomes are frozen, they will become soft and white. This plaque must be scraped off to a hard tissue, smeared with brilliant green and sprinkled with ash.

Diseases and pests

The most common disease of bearded irises is bacteriosis. It arises due to the deep planting of the rhizome, when he still managed to break through the soil layer. In this case, soft rhizomes can be observed that have become Brown color. They just start to rot. In order to save the flower, you need to dig it out, remove all rotten tissues and disinfect the rhizome with potassium permanganate. After that, the plant must be placed in the sun and allowed to dry, periodically turning it. The causative agents of the infection will soon die from the bright sun, after which the iris can be planted back, but already correctly.

In the dew season, that is, from the second half of July until the end of summer, bearded irises are prone to rust. To save the plant, treat with preparations containing copper. Also, bugs can start on irises that infect the leaves. To combat them, drugs against the Colorado potato beetle are perfect.

The use of bearded iris in landscape design

Stronger perennial flowers and plants can inhibit the growth and flowering of irises, so they are planted in groups. Besides, mixed landings can adversely affect soil moisture, and irises do not like excess moisture. To the company of these high beautiful flowers suitable poppies, gladioli and phlox. You can also play with different varieties bearded iris in one flower bed - it can combine one-color and two-tone flowers, as well as bordered and iridescent. Their diversity will provide elegant flowering in the garden.

bearded iris

Surely in every garden there is a low-water area - the most appropriate place for planting bearded iris.

First among the best

Just do not confuse bearded iris with Siberian iris, which, on the contrary, loves a lot of water, therefore it grows well on the banks of reservoirs.

Bearded iris is a real find for a bright, fragrant flower garden. Moreover, I will cover and color scheme anyone can envy his "suit" garden flower. All colors of the spectrum are subject to him - from red to purple, and in addition - flounces, fringe, ruffles, lace. A strong aroma with many nuances will delight any connoisseur of smells.

Landing, seat selection

Iris bearded - landing, choice of location

In appearance - a dandy, but in fact - an ascetic, not picky about watering, can grow on any poor, sandy soils. He is clearly up to the role of "first violin" in our extreme flower garden.

Of course, if we create favorable conditions during landing:

Sunny place. Leave shady and semi-shady places for other plants. Only in the sun can the bearded iris show all the luxury of its flowering. High bearded irises of blue color look very impressive. A separate article on our website is devoted to them.
Shallow planting of rhizomes. Plant as small as you can. Lower the roots into the hole, and the rhizome should only be slightly pressed into the ground, so that its “back” is on the surface of the ground. And the spatial orientation of the iris division should provide maximum illumination of this very “back”. Therefore, it is best to place a fan of leaves in the northern sector of the hole. Thanks to this, the rhizomes warmed by the sun's rays will lay many flower buds. Yes, and rot, which can affect the rhizome with excess moisture (long rains, damp area, heavy clay soil), are afraid of sunlight. The sun is the best medicine for iris.

The best top dressing is wood ash

The iris also has a “gastronomic” addiction, which also helps him from illnesses, contributes to abundant flowering and strong development. This - wood ash. With regular application of ash, there will be no problems with irises. Do not be afraid of the term "ash application". It's about about a simple scattering of ash in the garden. Be sure to sprinkle on the leaves, growing point, rhizome and around. Easy and fast procedure will not take much time. I pour ashes into a small plastic bottle. It is very convenient to work with it - even the hands remain clean. It is not necessary to close the ash into the soil. Light rain or shallow, not too abundant watering will deliver a healing "seasoning" to the roots. And after 2-3 weeks, when all the ash from the garden has disappeared, we again take up the bottle.

Watering

Although the iris is a dry-loving plant, it still needs rare watering. For example, it is good enough to water in May (if the weather is dry), during the growth of arrows and buds - until the end of flowering. Try not to pour on the buds. You can not do without watering during the rooting of newly planted delenok - in July-August - in small portions on dry ground until new leaves begin to grow. The rest of the time it is watered superficially only in a strong and prolonged drought.

Lucky Companions

Bearded iris - a bright spot in your flower bed

Many are tolerant of sparse watering. ornamental shrubs- lilac, mock orange, spirea. Therefore, these shrubs are always successfully combined with irises. From spirea you can create a very cozy decorative corner, because they are so different - high and low; white, pink, purple; with foliage of various shapes and colors. Even if you plant only one bush of a low Goldflame spirea, a bright spot in the garden is provided. After all, her foliage for most of the growing season (spring and autumn) has a bright color - from yellow-orange to purple. “To the feet” of irises and shrubs, you can “throw” undersized dry-lovers - stonecrops and young ones. The choice of color and habit of these perennials will allow you to create an interesting composition. For any corner of the garden, even the most "arid", you can pick up "tenants" who will be happy with their place in the flower garden and justify the gardener's hopes with a generous palette and fragrance.