Types of fungicides, an overview of the most effective drugs and their description. What fungicides are best used to treat various diseases of garden trees and shrubs What are fungicides names

In the fight against numerous pathogens of infections in summer cottages, the main weapon is fungicides - drugs for the prevention and treatment of plant diseases. Microbiological science offers a whole arsenal of effective drugs, among which you can choose the optimal one both for treatment and for the prevention and prevention of plant diseases. Modern fungicides are safe for humans, animals and bees, and their application gives quick and tangible results. Some drugs have a prolonged period of action, provide long-term protection of plants.

The soil, free from pathogenic microorganisms, healthy plants in the country - a guarantee of a full-fledged harvest of vegetables and berries, bright colors of flower beds (help you!), Bent under the weight of the fruits of trees and shrubs. The main thing is to figure out how to prevent and, if necessary, cure diseases, choose an effective fungicidal drug, and correctly calculate its dosage.

The wide spread of many fungal infections affecting almost all types of fruit, vegetable and ornamental plants at the dacha, the following reasons are given:

1. The accumulation of pathogens occurs through infected plant residues... This is how root rot, late blight, fusarium spread. Fungal spores accumulate in the soil where the infected tops are left to winter, and are carried along the garden beds along with unripe compost.

2. The shortage and high cost of the main source of fertility until recently - manure, led to its replacement by other suppliers of organic matter for the beds. The green mass of tops, the mown grass, the dead leaves brought from the neighboring forest have become the most important organic fertilizers on the summer cottages... Together with them, pathogenic microorganisms that cause rot and other infectious plant diseases appear in the soil.

3. Improper use of drugs that prevent and treat infections, instead of benefits, can lead to the emergence of fungicide-resistant microbial races. Some pathogens develop resistance (addiction) to fungicides, for example, such as Fundazol, Fundazim, Benorad. This is why it is so important to strictly follow the dosage instructions and change them from time to time.

Varieties of chemical fungicides for the treatment of infectious plant diseases, their names

The principle of action of different groups of fungicides is not the same. Some of them affect pathogens at the cellular level, others affect enzymes, and still others disrupt the respiration processes of harmful fungi. According to the spectrum of action, some fungicides are narrowly targeted, while others destroy a wide range of pathogenic microflora. Moreover, some are better used for the treatment of already existing diseases, and others - for prevention and prevention.

Modern drugs are divided into groups:

Strobilurins

Strobe, Profit Gold, Acrobat MC, Ridomil, Tattu... These drugs are best known as effective remedies against pome diseases. fruit crops - apple, pear, and also to prevent infection of fruits during storage.

Copper preparations

Copper sulfate, bordeaux mix, HOM, Oxyhom, Kurzat, Ordan, Abiga Peak... The versatility of copper-containing products allows them to be successfully used in the country in the garden, vegetable garden, greenhouse for the treatment and prevention of many diseases.

Sulfur preparations

Tiovit jet, Cumulus, garden sulfur... They are used not only for processing the bark of trees and pollination of berry bushes. Storages and greenhouses are fumigated with sulfur to eliminate foci of fungal infections on walls and semi-buildings.

Carboxins

Vitaros, Previkur... Due to the properties of these fungicides, they are used for seed dressing. This procedure serves to prevent disease in adult plants. Previkur has proven itself in the fight against various rot and downy mildew.

Benzimidazoles

Fundazol, Fundazim, Benorad... Preparations of this group are used as seed disinfectants, they practice their processing of fruits before laying them in storage, they treat berry bushes.

Others

• Topaz - a leader in the fight against such an infection as powdery mildew. A feature of the remedy is a narrow focus on this disease. The effectiveness increases with the preventive start of the use of Topaz fungicide to prevent disease and 3 repeated treatments every 2 weeks. Works on all plants subject to powdery mildew disease.
• Maxim - a dressing widely known among potato growers. Fusarium and other rot transmitted through the soil are destroyed by seed dressing, and planting material (tubers, bulbs, rhizome shoots) of decorative flowers.
• Speed and its analog Rajok - these drugs have a wide spectrum and long-lasting effect. They protect fruit trees from scab, tomatoes from late blight, black currants from powdery mildew. These fungicides, which quickly penetrate tissues during preventive treatment and are not washed off by rain, are convenient to use to prevent diseases. On stone fruit crops (cherry, plum), Skor and Rajok are used to treat coccomycosis and clasterosporium disease.
• Other systemic fungicides: Teldor, Tilt, Bayleton, Revus and many others.

Prevention and treatment of plant diseases using phytopreparations-biofungicides

Phytopreparations stand out among the fungicides. It is widely believed among summer residents-gardeners that drugs that are not synthesized chemically, but that have a biological origin, cause less harm to the garden land and crops. Let's try to figure out what means for combating plant diseases come on the market under the names with the prefix phyto. There are many such fungicides: Fitosporin, Albite, Fitolavin, Trichodermin, Glyocladin, Alirin-B.

Oddly enough,… mushrooms help to reduce the amount of harmful fungi in the soil! Scientists call these useful representatives of saprophytic fungi of the genus Trichoderma suppressors. This is what is hidden under unfamiliar and obscure scientific terms.
Mushrooms - saprophytes feed on the remains of organic matter of the plant and animal world, and also know how to turn mycelium of harmful infectious agents into a breeding ground for themselves. The term "suppressor" in this case means "suppressor". In addition to trichoderma, this group includes several more varieties of mushrooms. All of them successfully destroy populations of pathogens in the soil.

Saprophytic fungi are propagated in laboratory and industrial conditions. They are used to prepare drugs for the treatment and prevention of diseases in open and closed ground. The most famous are Trichodermin, Glyocladin.

Fungicides of bacterial origin include an equally popular drug - Fitosporin. It includes a live culture consisting of cells and spores of a specific bacterium. A feature of these microorganisms is the ability to suppress the development of pathogenic microflora, enhance plant immunity. Fitosporin is a fungicide with a wide range of uses. It is used to prevent and cure diseases of potatoes and tobacco, root crops, cabbage, tomatoes, black currants, and flowering plants.

The use of fungicides for plant diseases, list

Strawberry

Widespread viral and fungal diseases greatly reduced the plantations of everyone's favorite berries in their summer cottages. By sharing planting material with neighbors, buying infected seedlings in the markets, gardeners helped to acquire healthy garden strawberries became almost impossible. They tried to save the situation with the improvement of the planting material by introducing the Frigo industrial technology into amateur gardening. Many summer residents try to grow a healthy strawberry crop from seeds.

The treatment of strawberry beds with fungicides helps in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as various bacteriosis, spotting, rot, powdery mildew. It is necessary to fight diseases during all vegetation periods of plants.

The first spraying begins as soon as the leaves begin to grow. Repeated treatments are done every 10 days until mass flowering. At the stage of fruit setting and before harvesting, the introduction of drugs is stopped. After picking the berries, fungicide treatment has to be repeated to prevent the disease next year. The end of summer, the beginning of autumn, when the defeat of these diseases is severe, we do at least two treatments. Preparations used in strawberry beds: HOM, bordeaux mix, Speed, Ridomil.

Fruit trees

The most common apple disease, which leads to the reproduction of pathogenic microflora, is scab. The fungus attacks apple trees especially during seasons rich in heavy rain. The multiplying causative agent of the disease, having overwintered on fallen leaves, is carried by the spring wind and settles on the blossoming buds. Thus, scab spores fall into the ovary. A diseased tree sheds damaged leaves prematurely and yields cracked, twisted fruit with corky skin.

A fungicide that has long been used to treat apple and pear scab is a Bordeaux mixture. It is bred for the so-called "blue spraying" in the following proportion: 800 grams of slaked lime and 600 grams of copper sulfate are added to 20 liters of water. The old recipe can be replaced with modern copper-containing drugs from the above list.

Fruit rot (moniliosis) - dangerous disease, causing serious damage to the harvest of the orchard (, cherry, sweet cherry and others). The source of the spread of spores is last year's mummified fruits that overwintered on trees. Often, spores of monilia settle in the cracks of fruits affected by scab. Copper fungicides are also used to prevent and treat the disease.

Brown leaf spot, stem rot and many other infections affecting apples and pears, in addition to copper preparations, can be treated with strobilurins ( Strobe, Profit Gold, Ridomil and many others).

Stone fruits suffer from many infectious diseases - moniliosis, coccomycosis, clasterosporium. Infection with pathogens of cherry trees is massive. The infection spreads quickly around the area, infecting trees in neighboring areas. Many collective gardeners, in order to combat diseases that have passed into the stage of an epidemic, force summer residents to completely get rid of cherry plantings.

It is possible to prevent the spread of insidious infections on cherries and plums with the help of timely treatment with drugs. Speed, Rajok, copper-containing fungicides. To get the result, and summer season you have to resort to spraying three times.

Berry bushes

Often, brown and yellowish depressed spots can be observed on the stems and leaves of black currants. At the same time, the leaves curl, dry up and fall off. Most likely, the plant is affected by anthracnose. Gooseberries can also help with this disease. Spores of another fungus, whose intermediate host is sedge, causes goblet rust. Its striking distinguishing feature is the orange-colored spore pads on the leaves.

Vague purple spots on annual raspberry stems, in the places where the leaf petioles are attached, give out a disease called purple spot. Copper fungicides cope with the treatment of most fungal pathologies in berry fields.

American powdery mildew (spheroteka) very often affects black currants and gooseberries, especially old varieties that are not resistant to this disease. An abundant white bloom appears on the tips of the shoots. The bushes look like they are sprinkled with flour. Leaves curl, stop growing, young shoots bend, berries, without ripening, fall off. In the shade and waterlogged places, the spores of the fungus are especially strong.

Since the spheroteka mycelium does not live in the soil, but on the shoots of berry bushes, before treatment with fungicides, everything visible to the eye the affected plant parts are cut and burned. For treatment use Fundazol, Topaz, phytopreparations.

Protection of tomatoes from late blight and other dangerous infections

How many enthusiasts, eager to grow delicious, carefully selected varieties of tomatoes in their garden, abandoned their experiments, desperate to defeat the insidious phytophthora. Getting into ideal conditions for mass reproduction (heat and high humidity) the spores of the fungus instantly spread through the beds and greenhouses with tomatoes, not bypassing potato plantings. Their resettlement does not stop the temperature drop in August - September. In parallel, other infections of tomatoes can begin: brown spot, macrosporiosis.

The first signals of the appearance of late blight on tomatoes are small dark dots on the stems. Gradually, their area increases until they turn into spots. brown color... The same damage appears on the leaves. At first, late blight does not appear in any way on the fruits, they seem healthy. But the destructive activity of the fungus goes under the skin of the fruit, soon depressed brown spots appear on them.

Tomatoes infected with late blight are treated with fungicides containing copper. Add 50 g of the preparation to 10 liters of water HOM (copper oxychloride) or Abiga-Pak... Spraying is carried out with a fine spray, trying to wet the back of the leaves. When infected with late blight, you can observe a whitish bloom (underside of the leaf) formed by the fungus. The best result in treatment is given by a three-fold treatment. The first spraying, as a warning of the disease, should be done as early as possible - a couple of weeks after planting the seedlings.

Daily inspection and removal of affected plant parts, a short-term increase in the temperature in the greenhouse to 55-60 degrees, a reduction in irrigation and maintaining a dry microclimate can help fight late blight. There is a known method to save tomato fruits infected with spores, but not yet damaged - immerse them in water heated to 60 degrees for 3 seconds, then dry and store them in one row.

Cucumber treatment

The most famous and most ruthless enemy of cucumber vines in their summer cottage is peronosporosis. Another name for the disease is downy mildew. The first signs - characteristic spots on the leaves, require immediate treatment. The most effective for the prevention and treatment of disease are the treatment with copper preparations.

For example, Ordan or its analog Kurzat bred at the rate of 50 grams per bucket of water and sprayed with cucumber vines. The waiting period for these drugs (you cannot harvest) is 5 days. As a result of the treatment of cucumbers with copper-containing preparations, prevention of other fungal diseases is also provided - olive spot, anthracnose. The same treatments are useful for preventing diseases on plantings of other pumpkin plants - squash, squash, pumpkin.

An additional obstacle to the development of pathogenic fungi will be the raising of cucumber lashes on trellises, which will relieve them of contact with the soil, where the spores of infectious agents are located. For prevention, it is worth thinning the planting of cucumbers, more often airing the greenhouse or greenhouse, and in the future, choosing varieties and hybrids that are resistant to downy mildew.

Ornamental garden

Protection against pathogens of fungal infections is required not only for vegetables and fruit and berry crops, it also suffers decorative garden... Luxurious pine and others conifers can be affected by rust, which cannot be dealt with without treatment Oxychom.

Rhododendrons, like tomatoes, affect late blight. To prevent and treat it, you will need watering the soil. Fundazole, spraying Ordan and its analogues.

Many flowering perennials suffer from powdery mildew. First of all, these are autumn asters, delphiniums, peonies, shrub cinquefoil, roses. In addition to cutting and removing the affected parts of the plants, spraying with fungicidal preparations ( HOM, Speed, Topaz).

Attention is paid to the protection of tubers and flower bulbs from diseases during winter storage... Before laying, they are thoroughly dried and treated with Maxim.

Storage and greenhouse processing

To prevent the disease next year with late blight and peronoscosis in greenhouses where tomatoes and cucumbers grew, they are treated with fungicides. Work is performed before the onset of cold weather, removing plant residues and digging up the soil. The walls, frames, glass are wiped with a solution of copper sulfate, the room is fumigated with sulfur preparations. Consumption - 50 grams of sulfur per 1 cubic meter. m. greenhouses. Remember to process garden tools, pots, nursery boxes and other similar equipment.

In a similar way, preventive work is carried out in cellars and basements before laying crops for the winter in them. Before treatment with copper sulfate and sulfur burning, the storage facilities must be dried.

Safety measures during use

Knowing that most of the drugs for combating infectious plant diseases do not pose a serious danger to warm-blooded animals and humans, traditional individual protective measures should be taken during treatments - to wear closed shoes and clothes, and a mask will not hurt. Most fungicides are safe for bees and other insects, but they can destroy beneficial microorganisms and thus upset the biological balance. Some types of drugs transmit an unpleasant odor to the soil and plants; if diluted incorrectly, they can cause damage to leaf tissues (burns).

The choice and use of fungicides should be approached with an awareness of responsibility, so as not to harm not only the future harvest, but also the surrounding nature instead of benefit.

Growing horticultural, vegetable garden or ornamental plants is a favorite pastime of many gardeners and summer residents. However, you need to understand that growing a healthy culture without proper care impossible. It is important to provide each flower in advance reliable protection from all kinds of diseases and dangerous pests.

Biological action of fungicides

When caring for the garden, summer residents often have to use highly effective drugs - fungicides for plants, which are potent chemicals that can effectively combat pathogenic microorganisms that cause the development of fungal diseases, such as:

• powdery mildew;
• gray rot;
• root rot other.

Fungicidal agents are divided into two groups according to the method of exposure:

• contact;
• systemic.

Every gardener should know what fungicides are, how to use drugs in home gardening.

The use of fungicides for plants excludes the possibility of penetration of active substances inside. They manage to cover only the outer part of the culture, where generative and vegetative organs fungus, causing further progression of the infection.

All funds are capable of acting for a different period, depending on the length of stay chemical compounds on the surface of the culture. A special result is seen with regular treatment every 3-5 days with an interval of 10-12 days.

The key feature of contact fungicides is local action on green spaces. They are not used to treat signs of damage, but to destroy pathogenic fungal formations that are on the surface or in plant tissues. It is important to understand that fungicides are not able to penetrate other parts of the plant, therefore, processing with their help is completely safe.

Act systemic drugs built on a different principle: during processing, they affect everything internal systems, moving through tissues and introducing a number of changes in the physiological and biochemical processes that take place inside plants.

Subsequently, they are decomposed in the internal organs of flowers, garden or agricultural crops, which causes the rapid formation of metabolites. In this state, the plant develops strong immunity, which contributes to the rapid cleaning of harmful fungi.

Some gardeners are of the opinion that it is unsafe to use systemic fungicides, since decomposition products formed after processing can harm the plant. To prevent possible complications, it is necessary to use chemicals of the first type - contact... However, it is important to have time to carry out all processing procedures a month before harvest.

Types and principle of action

When looking for fungicides in specialized stores you can find ready-made solutions in the form of powder, suspension or emulsion with good water solubility. Depending on the composition, there are several fungicidal preparations:

• Inorganic. Among them are drugs of 1-4 classes of danger for humans and warm-blooded creatures.
• Organic. The composition of such funds contains active microorganisms that can have a depressing effect on pathogenic fungi.

For use in summer cottages, it is recommended to use biological fungicides, since they are distinguished by excellent efficiency and, at the same time, are practically harmless, both for garden crops and for the human body. However, when carrying out processing activities, all safety rules must be observed.

Chemical fungicides

Many modern summer residents and gardeners are looking for the most effective drugs to combat diseases of fungal origin. Looking for good decisions they pay attention to innovative chemicals that guarantee high performance in low doses.

However, it is highly discouraged to get carried away with such means, and the effectiveness declared in advertising is not always a reality. In the list of really good chemical-type fungicides that have managed to prove their effectiveness after lengthy experiments and research, it is important to highlight:

• bordeaux liquid;
• copper sulfate;
• abiga-peak, sun;
• zineb;
• potassium permanganate;
• soda ash;

Such products have been tested by experts and have earned the right to be called one of the most effective of their kind. However, when using chemicals on site, you need to be extremely careful and carefully study the instructions for use. Otherwise, you can harm yourself and your crops.

Biological preparations

The range of highly effective fungicides is very extensive. In addition, in recent years, new solutions have come to the market that can protect plants from all kinds of diseases. Among them contact biological fungicides... They are made according to a completely different principle than the previous chemical ones. Such preparations are based on active bacteria that localize the causative agents of fungal diseases and have a detrimental effect on them.

Biofungicides can effectively fight the problem without harming green spaces, animals, fish, bees, and people. If you want to buy good biological products, pay attention to the following list:

• Gamair P;
• Trichodermin;
• Alirin-B;
• Albite;
• Fitosporin;
• Agate;
• Planzir and others.

It is important to understand what to start processing plants chemical means contact action is needed long before flowering, as well as after harvest. As for biological solutions, they effectively work throughout the growing season. In addition, among biofungicides, there are also such preparations that can be used at the stage of fruit ripening. In any case, the novice gardener should understand that all fungicides are just preventive tools. If the active substances reach the causative agents of the problem, this causes their death. However, if the disease progresses, and the culture is severely affected, then such drugs will not be able to solve the trouble.

How to work with contact fungicides

As mentioned above, the use of fungicides is a rather demanding and painstaking process. Before starting work, you need to carefully consider safety issues by preparing specialized clothing, latex gloves, glasses and headdress. After carrying out processing work, clothes should be thoroughly washed, and hands and face should be washed with soap.

Before you start processing garden, horticultural or agricultural crops, prepare the ready-made solution, observing the correct dosage and all the recommendations that come with the instructions. Also, do not overlook the advice of experienced specialists, guided by their personal experiences and skills.

Particular effectiveness from the use of fungicides is noticed when processing in the early morning or evening, in dry, calm weather. If spraying was carried out before or after rain, you should not expect a good result. The active substances will simply be washed off by the rain and will not take effect. As a result, the defeat will progress.

When spraying, you need to select a fine spray mode. The resulting cloud of solution should spread to the bottom and top of the plant.

It is important to understand that you cannot spray the green parts of the crops that will be eaten. To increase safety, it is necessary to have time to process green spaces before flowering and fruit setting.

Use the container where the solution was for repeated work absolutely forbidden... Instead, it must be disposed of in designated pesticide areas. Storage areas for fungicides must be limited from public access, while preparations must be kept in sealed containers.

List of drugs

Most of the available fungicides have high toxicity... Therefore, before you purchase them and use them on your site, you need to find good reasons... It is also necessary to carefully read the instructions for use and make sure that you can carry out the processing activities yourself. Let's highlight the list of the most popular and effective fungicides for plants.

Oxyhom

The composition of this drug from the contact-system group contains copper oxychloride and oxadixyl. Most often it is used for prophylactic purposes and suppression of all kinds of diseases of garden and indoor crops. Fights well with late blight, macrosporiosis, black bacterial spot and other dangers. The absence of toxicity increases the safety of using the product.

To start processing, you must first prepare a highly effective solution. First, pour 1/3 of the water into the tank of the device, and then start the stirring mechanism and add a little of the drug. In the future, it remains to fill in the rest and stir the solution well. The finished mixture is used for abundant spraying of crops that have succumbed to the fungus. In the process, it is important to use exclusively clean water.

As for the dosage, then optimal performance keep at around 1 Oxychom package for two liters of liquid. Sometimes it is necessary to carry out up to three procedures with an interval of 10-14 days. Only freshly prepared solution is used for processing.

Among significant advantages facilities:

• highly effective systemic contact action;
• ability of long-term preservation of the effect;
• minimal toxicity if the treatment is carried out at the correct dosage;
• economical consumption for preventive purposes.

Trichodermin

This biological fungicide is different high efficiency in the fight against pathogens of fungal and bacterial diseases... The biofungicide contains spores of the soil fungus Trichoderma lignorum and crushed grain substrate.

The drug is capable of eliminating more than 60 varieties of pathogenic organisms that cause all kinds of diseases, including:

• root rot;
• seed infections;
• fusarium and other troubles.

The action of active substances causes improvement of soil fertility indicators, rapid saturation of the root system with additional nutrients, as well as an increase in the germination of planting material.

To prepare a suspension, where the seeds will be soaked, it is enough to take 10 grams of the drug and dilute it in one liter of water. If the product is used by watering plants, then the optimal dosage will be the same as in the previous case. When watering, it is important to deliver the slurry directly to the root using medium doses of water.

A ready-made solution for spraying is created as follows: 10 grams of the agent is supplied to 5 liters of water.

Trichodermin has excellent preventive action during transfer operations... In this case, the consumption rate is determined as follows: for a 25-centimeter (in diameter) pot, the amount of the drug is used that is placed on the tip of the knife.

By the way, not only adult plants, but also young cuttings can be treated with this tool by placing it in water, where they are kept before planting. In this case, the consumption is 5 grams per 5 liters.

To effectively fight all sorts of diseases, it is necessary to prepare such a suspension: dilute 5 grams of the substance with 5 liters of water. Then the damaged culture must be removed from the pot and cleaned of the soil composition.

The affected root elements will have to be removed, and the main rhizome should be thoroughly washed with a suspension. After that, it is better to transplant the plant into another pot, where fresh substrate was previously placed.

The problem of protecting horticultural, ornamental and agricultural crops is of interest to many gardeners and summer residents. To effectively combat all kinds of diseases, highly effective chemicals are often used, including fungicides. With their help you can quickly and efficiently get rid of the problem and prevent its further progression.

However, for the drug to be very effective, but at the same time safe, when choosing suitable solution it is necessary to give preference to those drugs that have the least toxicity. When choosing the best drug, take into account the recommendations of professionals, and read all attached instructions and recommendations. Such simple actions will prevent unwanted consequences from improper processing.

In the world there is a huge variety of categories of medicinal products for plants, each of which has its own characteristics, principle of action and purpose. Given this fact, today we will consider in detail one of these categories, representing fungicides for plants, and tell you about all their features, purposes and indications that will be relevant for all gardeners and gardeners.

Fungicides belong to the category of chemical (less often biological) drugs, the main purpose of which lies in the prevention and treatment of various fungal invasions in the vast majority of plants that exist on our planet.

In addition, the curative action of fungicides also has a beneficial effect on the treatment and prevention of several other diseases, which is a kind of pleasant side effect.

How do they work?

Fungicides for plants are divided into two categories, each with its own principle of action.

So, contact fungicides are not absorbed and do not spread inside the plant, but only envelop it with a thin film, which protects and also adversely affects the already existing fungal invasions, quickly causing their death.

Systemic fungicides are absorbed and absorbed by plants, and also effectively deal with both external and internal fungal diseases, but are not susceptible to weather conditions (fungicide cannot wash away rain).

Regardless of which group fungicides belong to, they all have a similar detrimental effect on the fungus, which is expressed in the following points:

1. Disrupt the process of fungal respiration.
2. Neutralize the ability of the nucleus of fungal cells to divide, which is more important for fungicides systemic action.
3. They stimulate the formation of substances in the plants themselves that have a detrimental effect on fungi. The resulting substances are harmless to humans and plants.
4. When applied externally, they can destroy the outer parts of the plant affected by the fungus, simultaneously causing necrosis in them. This measure is necessary to prevent the possible spread of fungal spores into healthy plant tissues after drug withdrawal.
5. It removes and breaks down pathogenic toxins in the plant body, which can provoke the development of both fungal and other diseases, as well as weaken the immune system.
6. They prevent the production of ergosterol in fungal cells, the suppression of which also leads to the death of fungal invasions.
7. Suppresses the formation of nucleic acids in fungal cells, which makes their development impossible.
8. Inhibits energy metabolism in fungal cells, which finally reduces their vital activity to nothing!

Also, there are biological fungicides, the effect on the fungus of which is contained in the following points:

Kinds

As mentioned above, fungicides are of chemical and biological origin, and are divided into:

1. Contact drugs.
2. Systemic drugs.

In turn, in each group of fungicides there are drugs aimed at treatment, prevention, or treatment and prevention at the same time, which should be taken into account when choosing each individual agent.

When buying a fungicide, remember that the drugs are excellent at fighting any fungal invasions, but to increase their effectiveness, purchase fungicides targeted specifically to one of the above fungi, depending on which of them appeared on your plants.

In general, today there are more than 14 chemical classes of fungicides, the list of which is presented below:

• mushroom fungicides;
• children carbamates;
• imidazoles;
• karabamats;
• morpholines;
• pyrimidines;
• triazoles;
• organophosphorus pesticides, etc.

Instructions for use

Fungicides are often used in three main ways, such as:

1. Etching.
2. Spraying and dusting.
3. Application to the soil.

Dressing consists in treating seeds or tubers with a fungicide for dressing before planting, in order to protect the seeds from infection by the fungus, and prevent their death.

Spraying and dusting consists in treating plants with predominantly contact fungicides, which are sprayed on healthy or damaged plants using a spray bottle. As a rule, several such pollinations are carried out per season, starting in spring and ending in autumn.

Adding it to the soil allows it to get rid of fungal spores and pathogenic microorganisms. Systemic fungicides are used for soil cultivation, so that, in addition to disinfecting the soil, they can be absorbed by the root system of the plant.

Fungicides for treatment indoor plants are also very popular among the masses, the most effective and safe of which we have presented below:

1. Fundazol. The fungicide has a systemic effect, and is both curative and prophylactic antifungal agent that can be treated with most indoor plants. Foundation solution is prepared at the rate of 1 gram of the drug per 1 liter of water. Fundazole can be watered or sprayed on plants, but when sprayed, it can leave light spots on the leaves that are not dangerous, but spoil the appearance;
2. Agate-25K. A prophylactic fungicide that can be used as a light fertilizer. Fungicide is a biological type drug, and its solution is used at the rate of 1 measuring spoon the preparation for 3 liters of water. The plant should be sprayed with the solution about 3-4 times, at intervals of 20 days. It is also suitable for seed dressing;
3. Vectra. The drug is effective against powdery mildew, septoria and gray mold. The drug is diluted at the rate of 0.3 ml of active ingredient per 1 liter of water. After the completion of treatment, the drug retains its effect for about 2 weeks;
4. Oxyhom. Fungicide, which has both contact and systemic action, and is perfect for both the garden and indoor plants. The drug exhibits the most pronounced qualities in the fight against diseases such as late blight, macrosporiosis, black bacterial spot, septoria, powdery and downy mildew. A solution of oxychoma is diluted at the rate of 4 grams of substance per 2 liters of water. The diseased plant is sprayed about 3 times, at intervals of 14 days.

Fungicides for plants growing in open ground, especially as agricultural crops, can be successfully treated with the above preparations, as well as some other fungicides presented below:

1. Colloidal sulfur. The drug has proven itself well in the fight against powdery mildew, anthracnose, ascochitis and even ticks. A solution of this sulfur is made at the rate of 10 liters of water per 100 grams of the drug. Plants are treated in 5 approaches, at intervals of 2 weeks;
2. Speed One of the best drugs today, which has a long period of action. Skor is a systemic fungicide that protects plants from almost all fungal invasions. The solution is made at the rate of 30 milliliters of the drug per 1 liter of water;
3. Strobe. An excellent remedy against powdery mildew, downy mildew, rust and all other fungi. Suitable for both vegetables, cereals and fruit treesand for wild plants our latitudes. The strobe solution is made at the rate of 0.4 ml of the drug per 1 liter of water.

List of drugs on our market and their names

A huge number of fungicides are presented on our market, which are constantly updated with new samples. The most popular and well-proven drugs are presented in the following list:

1. Abiga Peak. It is produced in the form of an aqueous suspension and is suitable for the treatment of fungi and bacterial infections of all vegetable, flower and fruit crops. The drug can be used at any time, and its dosage, as well as the scheme of use, should be studied in the attached instructions;
2. Acrobat MC. It is produced in the form of water-dispersible granules and is suitable for antifungal treatment of potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes and grapes. Spraying is carried out exclusively during the growing season, and the last treatment is done no earlier than 30 days before harvest, so that the fruits have time to get rid of this toxic drug;
3. Alirin B. It is a biological fungicide and is available in powder or tablet form. The drug is focused on the treatment of the root system of plants from rot, as well as the destruction of fungal spores in the soil itself. Moreover, the drug removes toxicity from the soil after its treatment with other pesticides, by restoring the microflora in it, and breaking down toxic elements into safe chemical compounds. Suitable for all garden and home crops. Processing can be carried out in any season when it becomes necessary to destroy fungi in the soil, or to save root system from death;
4. Bordeaux mixture. Produced in the form of a powder, and is intended for fungal protection of all vegetable, citrus, fruit, fruit, grain, melons and ornamental crops. The mixture is toxic and must only be used with protective clothing. The treatment is carried out during the period of active growth of the plant, and the fruits are picked a month after the last treatment. The drug is compatible with most other fungicides and pesticide preparations;
5. Gamair. It is produced in the form of a powder or tablets, and belongs to the category of biological fungicides. Suitable for the treatment of fungal invasions, as well as the fight against necrosis of the core of the stem, soft rot, bacterial cancer of tomato. Combines with most types of both garden and indoor plants. It is used during the growing season, and for its manufacture requires the addition of gamair to the solution liquid soap, at the rate of 1 milliliter per 10 liters of working fluid;
6. Glyocradine. Supplied in the form of tablets or suspension concentrate. Biological fungicide for the suppression of fungi in the soil, and the destruction of their spores. Suitable for all types of fruit, vegetable and indoor crops. The drug cannot be combined with other chemical fungicides. Carry out processing at any time of the year when it is necessary to suppress fungal spores in the soil;
7. Quadris. It is a powder and a contact fungicide with a broad spectrum of activity, which is suitable for fruit, vegetable, fruit and berry crops. Processing is carried out during the growing season. Processing is prohibited during flowering plants, as well as if the temperature environment exceeds 30 degrees. The drug begins to act after 2 hours, and continues to act for 7-12 days, until the next treatment;
8. Oxyhom. Supplied in the form of a soluble powder, it is a systemic contact fungicide, focused on the protection of tomatoes, cucumbers and potatoes. Use during the period of plant growth, however, it is prohibited to use during the flowering period;
9. Thanos. Supplied as granules. The product is focused on protecting potatoes. Thanos is used up to 4 times per season. The drug is applied to the soil at intervals of 10-15 days;
10. Fundazol. Supplied in powder form, it is a common systemic fungicide that has earned respect among the masses. Fundazol is used throughout the growing season, carrying out 3-5 treatments per season. The last treatment should be carried out 7, 10 or 20 days before harvest, depending on the crop;
11. Hom. Supplied in powder form, packed in sachets. It is a systemic contact fungicide that has proven itself in the fight against apple and pear scab, late blight and curliness. The drug is used during the growing season, except for the flowering period. Treatment with the drug is prohibited at ambient temperatures above 30 degrees.
12. Horus. Supplied in the form of granules, and is aimed at protecting fruit pome crops... It manifests itself best in cool weather, not exceeding 15 degrees Celsius. They are used throughout the season, starting in early spring. Discontinue use 15 days before harvest with seeds and 30 days before harvest with seeds.

Precautions

When handling fungicides, always wear protective clothing such as gloves, goggles, an apron and a respirator, and carefully follow the instructions on the packaging. Keep children and pets away from fungicides.

Prohibit the use of fruits treated with fungicide before it dissolves in them. Preparations related to fungicides are toxic, do not let them get into drinking water sources.

Output

Today we learned the name of the main groups of fungicides presented in the markets of the CIS countries, which will be useful to all summer residents and plant lovers. Remember, when buying a fungicide, be sure to read the instructions, otherwise you risk ruining your plant with an inept selection of dosages.

Every growing season, gardeners and gardeners fight for the harvest. Complicating their task is the fact that plants suffer from variousdiseases and pests. People use against themfungicides for plants, list of preparationsthis group is extensive and constantly growing. How to deal with such a variety of chemicals? Are they really universal and help solve all problems?

Classification

Consider the most popularfungicides - list of drugsand their characteristics, but first you need to know their classification. This will facilitate the selection and subsequent purchase of a suitable product.

Depending on chemical properties

By their chemical nature, fungicides are divided:

• inorganic;
• organic.

The group of inorganic drugs includes:

• copper-bearing - Bordeaux liquid, Burgundy liquid, oxychloride and copper oxide;
• sulfur-containing preparations - colloidal sulfur, lime-sulfuric broth;
• mercury compounds.

Organic plant fungicides refer to various chemical compounds. The leading role is played by heterocyclic compounds, these are various nitrogen-containing derivatives. Many organic preparations are effective against pathogenic microorganisms.

Depending on the action on the pathogen

On this basis, drugs are divided:

• for protective (preventive);
• medicinal.

Protective fungicides prevent the infection of crops with phytopathogens, which have a negative effect on the root system and metabolism.

Phytopathogens are various causative agents of diseases. They secrete biologically active substances, which, in turn, negatively affect the development of plants.

Treating fungicides are drugs that attack phytopathogens that have already invaded plant tissues. The curative contact fungicides cannot penetrate into the tissue and have a local effect. They are divided into selective and continuous drugs. The former suppress the reproductive and vegetative organs of the fungus, and the means of continuous action also suppress its resting forms. Therapeutic systemic drugs penetrate into plants, spread through the vessels, stop new foci of infection and destroy phytopathogens.

By application

Fungicides for the purpose of use are divided into the following types: For soil processing - soil. They are introduced directly into the soil for its disinfection, this is especially true for the soil in the greenhouse and greenhouses. Fumigants are usually used - these are drugs in the form of gases or vapors.

For seed dressing, drugs are used that fight diseases and infections spread by seeds or in the ground. For the treatment of plants during the growing season, these are mainly protective fungicides that prevent diseases. For processing dormant plants. They have a contact eradicating effect, destroy hibernating pathogens and pests. Since the substances strongly damage the green parts of plants, they are used in early spring before the awakening of the kidneys, in autumn and winter.

Depending on the nature of distribution within plant tissues

According to the distribution of substances in tissues, fungicides are:

• contact;
• systemic.

After treatment with contact preparations, they remain on the surface of plant parts. Contacting the pathogen, the active substance causes its death. The effectiveness of drugs depends on weather conditions, duration of action, concentration. Systemic drugs penetrate into plants and spread through the vascular system, suppressing the pathogen during metabolism or acting directly on it. Efficiency depends on the rate of penetration of the active substance into the culture, as well as on the weather (it affects to a lesser extent).

Most systemic fungicides have prophylactic and medicinal properties.

Kinds

Fungicides are by nature:

• chemical;
• biological ( biogenic origin).

Chemical fungicides are characterized by an unstable effect, after the termination of their action, the treated area is again colonized by pathogenic microorganisms. It would seem that treating plants and soil on a regular basis will help solve the problem, but all chemical substances are toxic, so their use is always prohibited. The composition of biological products includes various strains of microorganisms that destroy harmful microflora. They have a persistent long-term effect, are non-toxic, but are effective only at the onset of the disease or for prophylactic purposes.

Review of effective drugs

"Agat-25"

Biological product with growth stimulantfor plants ... It is used for dressing seeds and processing vegetative vegetables, grain plants, ornamental and indoor crops. They also process potatoes, strawberries and apple trees.

Abiga Peak

Contact drug for fungal diseases. The active ingredient is copper oxychloride. It is used to destroy fungi on grape vines, vegetables and fruit crops, flowers and plants of medicinal value. At the correct dosage, it is moderately toxic.

"Alirin"

A biological preparation, used as a soil fungicide and for treating plants from fungal diseases - powdery mildew, phytophthora, rust and others. In addition, it reduces the toxicity of the soil after the use of chemicals. The active ingredient is a beneficial soil microflora.

"Albite"

Biological preparation of protective contact action against fungal diseases. They are used to cultivate agricultural crops. In addition, it stimulates plant growth and increases their immunity.

"Baktofit"

Biological fungicide with a protective effect against fungal and bacterial diseases,with proven effectivenessfrom powdery mildew. Suitable mostfor flowers - carnations,roses and berry crops. Used for processing planting material - seeds, seedlings.

Bordeaux mixture

One of the most popular and powerful remedies against mushrooms. Suitable for processing melons, citrus fruits, vegetables, fruit and ornamental shrubs. Helps to cope with late blight, various spots and rot, scab.

Bona Forte

Complex fertilizerfor indoor plants with contact action. It is used as a top dressing, growth stimulator and medicinal agent. Affects pathogens of powdery mildew and other fungal diseases.

"Bravo"

Contact chemical preparation with the active ingredient chlorothalonil. They process cereals - oats, wheat, vegetables and potatoes. Destroys pathogenic fungi that cause phytophthora, potato leaf spot and downy mildew. It is most effective as a prophylactic agent. It adheres well to plants, is not washed off by precipitation and water when watering.

"Vitaros"

Fungicide of contact and systemic action, intended for the treatment of seeds and bulbs before planting or harvesting for storage. Effective against pathogens that settle on the surface of the seed, as well as penetrating inside.

"Vectra"

The drug has a contact-systemic protective and therapeutic effect, aimed at suppressing the phytopathogen. It is used to treat plants from scab, gray mold, powdery mildew.

"Gamair"

Biological product with fungicidal and antibacterial properties. Indoor and garden plants are treated with it. It successfully copes with keel, fusarium, spotting and late blight.

"Glyocladin"

The biological product is designed to combat root rot. Used to protect indoor and garden plants. The tablets are added to the soil before planting the seeds.

"Quadris"

Fungicide chemical nature, which is used to treat and eradicate, as well as to prevent diseases of vegetables and grapes. It has a stimulating effect, it can be used during the harvest period.

"Kurzat"

The fungicide is designed to combat downy mildew on vegetable crops and with late blight on potatoes. Active substances suppress fungal spores well. Effective at the first manifestations of diseases.

"Maxim"

Contact drug. They cultivate the soil, pickle seeds and cultivate plants. It has proven itself most effectively in the treatment of rot, fusarium and mold.

Copper sulfate

Contact preparation for combating fungus on stone fruit, pome fruit, berry crops. But only trees that are at rest are treated with it. It is a component of the Bordeaux liquid.

Mikosan

Another biological drug inlist of fungicides... Suitable for indoor and garden plants. It does not destroy pathogens, but helps crops to fight them on their own, that is, increases their resistance to pathogens.

"Ordan"

"Oxyhom"

"Planriz"

It is considered universal biological preparation... Its active components are bacteria, which, getting into the soil, begin to settle on the roots of plants and synthesize antibiotics and enzymes. It is these substances that prevent the development of root rot. Also "Planriz" increases the immunity of plants.

"Forecast"

A chemical product for the treatment of gooseberries, currants, strawberries and raspberries. It protects plants from the most common diseases such as scab, spotting, powdery mildew.

"Profit Gold"

Contact-systemic chemical fungicide that protects plants well against fungal diseases. Consists of two active ingredients. One of them is quickly absorbed by plant tissues, the other remains on the surface. Processing is not carried out flowering plants and after harvest.

"Rajok"

This is a narrow-focus drug. It protects plants of the Solanaceae family from Alternaria, sugar beets from powdery mildew and fruit trees from scab. It quickly penetrates into the tissue and has a long-lasting protective effect.

"Stroby"

A chemical preparation that suppresses fungi and microbes equally well. They are treated with grapevine, vegetable and flower crops, fruit trees. It quickly prevents infection, stops the growth of mycelium and spores. It is allowed to use it during the flowering period of crops.

"Hom"

"Speed"

A chemical product with systemic and contact effects. It is used for the prevention and treatment of fruit trees and shrubs, vegetables, vineyards from fungal diseases. Differs in speed, can be used in any weather. Low toxic.

"Topaz"

A chemical systemic drug intended for prophylactic purposes and treatment of plants, including indoor plants, from powdery mildew, a number of spots and rust. It is quickly absorbed by the crop, so rainfall does not matter to it. The active substance accumulates in the soil; it is processed no more than once every 3 years.

"Pure color"

Highly effective fungicide against powdery mildew, spotting and gray mold. It quickly penetrates into the plant and spreads through the vessels, preventing new lesions.

"Horus"

Chemical drugfor garden , but protects mainly young shoots and leaves, has a local effect, does not penetrate into all tissues. They treat trees and shrubs in the garden with it, copes well with monilial burn.

Thanos

A chemical preparation that copes with the most resistant races of late blight. It acts locally on lesions, has resistance to adverse weather conditions and long-term protective ability. The active substance binds to the natural plant wax and forms a film.

"Fitosporin-M"

A prophylactic agent for the treatment of vegetable, garden, indoor and greenhouse plants against fungal and bacterial diseases. They are also treated with bulbs and seeds. Reduces the risk of developing late blight on the site.

"Fitolavin"

Biological fungicide for the prevention of root rot, anthracnose, "black leg" and moniliosis. It contains an antibiotic that also helps protect plants from bacterial diseases. Its use is permissiblefor orchids and other plants in the room. "Fitolavin" is used for processing cereals, vegetables, currants, potatoes and hops.

Fundazol

A systemic chemical that has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect. The active substance penetrates the plant tissues through the leaves and roots. Effectiveto fight fungus... Very toxic. Used for seed treatment.

"Trichophyte"

"Trichodermin"

A biological product used for the treatment of indoor, ornamental and vegetable crops. It protects well representatives of the families of nightshades, pumpkin and cruciferous, berry and flower crops. Suitablefor processing conifers.

Before choosingfungicidal preparations, you need to accurately determine the disease and be sure to take into account the type of plant. The solution is prepared strictly according to the instructions that the manufacturer usually places on the package. It also containswarnings about toxicity and information about what protective measures are needed when working with this product.

Fungi are the causative agents of many diseases in plants. For their destruction, special chemical, biological substances are used. Fungicides are one of the varieties of pesticides - agents designed to destroy pests and diseases of different crops.

What is the fungicidal effect of drugs on plants

The name of the substances - fungicides - comes from the merger of two Latin words "fungus" and "caedo", which mean "mushroom", "I kill". The formulations are directed against pathogenic fungi that cause plant diseases. Study the effects of fungicides:

• fungicidal - responsible for the destruction of the fungus;
• fungistatic - partially inhibits the development of unwanted organisms;
• preventive - prevents the formation of fungus.

Fungicides belong to the category of pesticides: they are included in the group consisting of insecticides, bactericides, nematicides, acaricides. Protective and preventive properties are manifested due to the content:

• sulfur and its compounds: barium polysulfides, calcium;
• metal salts: especially copper, mercury, cadmium;
• dithiocarbamic acid salts;
• derivatives of phenols;
• derivatives of triazole, imidazole;

For a detailed understanding of the action of fungicides, study their main varieties. Each of the types has individual characteristics:

Prevention and protection against diseases are carried out by watering, spraying, dressing seeds. Methods for using fungicides:

• dressing of seeds, bulbs, tubers - disinfection of planting material is carried out, further infection with fungus, death of seeds, plants is prevented;
• spraying and pollination - contact action fungicides are used, the formulations are sprayed on the affected crops with a spray bottle, if necessary, the procedure is repeated, start pollination in spring, finish in autumn;
• application to the soil - systemic fungicides are used, which not only effectively destroy fungal spores, pathogenic microorganisms, but are also well absorbed by the root system of plants.

Like any others chemical compositions, fungicides should be applied taking into account certain safety rules. Use the following guidelines:

1. Wear protective clothing before work: gloves, goggles, apron, respirator.
2. Read the instructions on the package.
3. Make sure that small children and animals do not come into contact with substances.
4. Do not consume processed fruits, wait until the substance dissolves.
5. Remember that fungicides are poisonous, so do not allow them to enter your drinking water.

Effective fungicides for indoor plants

For the treatment of indoor plants, emulsions, powders, solutions are produced. There are biological and chemical antifungals for plants. The latter are recommended to be applied before the period of active growth, after the end of flowering, harvesting. Biological fungicides are often allowed to be used at any time.

Biological garden antifungals

Fungicidal biological products contain active bacteria that destroy pathogens and prevent their reappearance.

Systemic fungicides for the garden

Systemic fungicides move quickly along the vascular system of adult plants, protecting their growths that have developed after treatment. The main purpose of such formulations is to eliminate existing diseases, to prevent their occurrence. The most effective fungicides are listed in the table:

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