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Do you know why pansies are called that? How to grow pansies

In ancient times, it was believed that pansies are magical plant. Therefore, some magical properties. For example, there was a belief that with their help you can bewitch your loved one. To do this, it was necessary to squeeze juice out of a charming flower, and then sprinkle the things of a lover with it while he was sleeping. And when he wakes up, he will love the one he sees first. The story that tells why pansies are so named is also interesting. But first things first.

Description

Many have heard this beautiful name more than once - pansies. The description of the plant will attract the attention of any girl. Small flowers have a tricolor color. Many grow the plant as an annual, although it is a perennial belonging to the class of violets. They grow up to 15-20 cm in length. Their stems are very thin and fragile, so the flower needs good care. Leaves oblong, hairy. Usually the color of the plant is purple with different shades. Many people love this wonderful flower because its growing season lasts almost half a year. It begins to bloom in late April, and the flowers appear before the onset of the first frost. Fruit ripening occurs in June. After that, seeds are scattered from them. If you grow a plant from seeds, then it will be an annual. The flower is also used in medicine. Especially useful is the lower part - the grass.

Name

Quite interesting is the legend explaining why pansies were so named. Although there are currently several versions. Let's consider each of them.

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folk customs

As you know, all myths, legends and beliefs were created on the basis of historical data. Of course, this information was somewhat embellished, but it had a real origin. An interesting story about pansies, which existed in Roman circles at the end of the 1st millennium. According to legend, men who spied on the goddess of love were turned into a flower. The customs and traditions of different peoples are also associated with this plant. For example, in Poland, girls gave this flower to their beloved if they left for a long time. In general, this violet has long symbolized fidelity and chastity. In France, they were presented for a long memory. But in England this flower long time was the best gift on February 14th.

Other names

In the Middle Ages, the role of pansies increased markedly. They are called the flower of St. Trinity. In Poland they are called brothers. This is due to the fact that several flowers “live” together in one flower, so they are given to those who are loved as a brother. In Russia, they are also called tri-flowers, scrofula, etc. In Germany, the plant is simply called “stepmother”.

Growing violets

Pansies, described above, need painstaking care. Therefore, it is not recommended to give such a flower if the recipient himself did not ask to buy it. After all, not everyone has the opportunity to take care of the plant to the fullest.

So, what do pansies love? How to grow it? Few people know about it. Basically, there are only two ways. Flowers can be planted directly in the ground or seedlings can be grown first, which will then be transferred to the soil. If seeds were not collected last year, then in early spring small sprouts may appear in the same place. Violets reproduce well by self-sowing, but this way they will grow chaotically. In addition, it can lead to over-pollination of the plant. That is, it will change the color, size, shape of the petals. Therefore, it is recommended to plant flowers of different colors at some distance from each other. Otherwise, it will not be possible to maintain the purity of the variety. Do you want to collect seeds? Then you need to choose plants with the largest flowers. After that, you should wait until the boxes turn yellow. It is necessary to have time to collect the seeds before the boxes open.

Actual

Why are flowers called "pansies"? Why are Natasha's eyes worse?

An. eyes

Ancient Greeks origin an. the eye was associated with Io, the daughter of the king of Argos, who fell in love with Zeus with all her heart, for which her jealous wife, the goddess Hera, was turned into a cow. In order to somehow brighten up the life of his beloved, Zeus grew flowers "an. Eyes", which symbolized the love triangle and, on the one hand, equated a mere mortal with the goddess, and on the other hand, preserved in her the belief that Hera's curse is not eternal.

Another ancient Greek legend associated these flowers with the goddess Aphrodite. One day, Aphrodite, bathing in a grotto where the human eye was not supposed to penetrate, heard a rustle and saw that several mortals were looking at her. In anger, the goddess asked Zeus to punish the daring, and he turned them into flowers, the appearance of which expresses curiosity and surprise.

The Germans call this plant "stepmother" and made up a touching story about these flowers. The lower petal of the flower, it was told, is the largest and most beautiful - this is the stepmother. Two lateral ones - smaller, but also beautiful - are her own daughters. And the top two - the smallest, modestly colored - poorly dressed stepdaughters. According to legend, the stepmother used to be upstairs and offended the poor stepdaughters a lot. The good wizard punished her and turned the flower so that the stepdaughters were on top and the stepmother was on the bottom. As a punishment for an evil temper, the wizard gave her stepmother a hated spur, and her daughters a mustache (dark lines on the petals).

There is a legend telling that in an. An overly curious girl Anyuta, who peeped at someone else's life and interpreted it in her own way, turned her eyes.

From time immemorial, Poles and Belarusians call them "brothers" for the fact that several multi-colored petals coexist in one corolla of a flower, and they give them only to those whom they love in a brotherly way.

In Poland, the bride gave an. the eyes of the departing groom, and then they symbolized the eternal memory and fidelity of the giver; the same was expressed by a bouquet of flowers over the window of the house of a French woman whose fiancé was away.

In England an. until recently, eyes were used to declare love: it was enough to send this flower and write your name, no more words were required.

The point is that since the 16th century floral symbolism many European countries an. eyes began to serve as a symbol of thoughtfulness, fidelity, wisdom. They began to be called "thought", "thought". An. eyes were even credited with the ability to bewitch love. On Valentine's Day, lovers sent these flowers as a symbol of recognition of a feeling that was kept secret until then. Therefore, in England an. eyes are also called "cordial calm", or "cordial joy".

According to the legends of the Slavic peoples, in the tricolor petals an. peephole reflected three periods of the life of the girl Anyuta with a kind heart and trusting radiant eyes. She lived in the village, believed every word, found an excuse for every deed. But, to her misfortune, she met an insidious seducer who, with oath assurances, awakened the first feeling in the girl. With all her heart, with her whole life, Anyuta reached out to the young man, and the young man was frightened: he hurried on the road on urgent matters, promising his chosen one to return without fail. Anyuta looked at the road for a long time, waiting for her beloved, and quietly faded away from melancholy. And when she died, flowers appeared at the place of her burial, an. eyes, in the tricolor petals of which hope, surprise and sadness are reflected: in corollas White color- the color of hope, yellow - surprise, purple - sadness.

By the way, the origin of the Russian name for these flowers is unknown, although in Russia, in addition to the name "an. Eyes", this flower is also called a three-flowered, half-flowered, and scrofula. And all the names are accurate.

For example, the scrofula flower is nicknamed because it has long been in traditional medicine used tea from this plant to treat scrofula in children. And the tricolor is called due to the fact that the flower has really white, yellow and purple petals. Yes, and botanists call an. eyes with tricolor violet, or viola.

Pansies - beautifully flowering, cultivated plants. In another way, they are called tricolor violets or violas. These beautiful plants are known to everyone since childhood. They occupy one of the main places in the world of floriculture lovers.

They have a variety of varieties (up to 400) and color shades. Bloom profusely from spring until frost. Many gardeners make sure to set aside a plot in the garden for these beautiful flowers.

Why is it called Pansies

The true origin of the flower's name is not known. There are only legends and myths. One of these legends tells that there was once a girl named Anyuta. One day she met young man and loved him very much. After some time, the young man decided to leave, but swore an oath that he would return to his chosen one.

Anyuta many times went out onto the road along which her lover had left. She peered into the distance, hoping to see him. She waited for a long time, but the young man never returned. Gradually fading away from loneliness and longing, Anyuta died.

After the burial, flowers grew on her grave, resembling eyes that tirelessly looked somewhere into the distance. So the popular name pansies appeared.

Pansies varieties photos and names

- the variety has pure white flowers with wavy edges. The size of the opened bud varies from six to eight centimeters. The total height of the shrub reaches thirty-five centimeters.

- This variety has white flowers with yellow patches. The size of the opened buds reaches seven centimeters. The length of the pedicel varies from eight to twelve centimeters.

- The flowers of this variety are painted in blue and purple. Petals have even edges and a smooth surface. The size of the flowers varies from six to seven centimeters in diameter. The length of the shoot is about eleven centimeters.

- the flowers of this variety have a cherry and red tint with brown patches. Petals are smooth with ribbed edges. The flowers are eight centimeters in diameter.

- From the name of the variety it is clear that the flowers have a golden hue. The size of the opened buds reaches seven centimeters in diameter. The length of the shoot does not exceed ten centimeters.

Varieties with large flowers

- flowers of this variety are brown and red. The lower petals have brown spots. The size of the flowers varies from five to six centimeters.

- the flowers have a bluish tint. The size of the opened buds is not more than five centimeters in diameter. The total height of the shrub reaches thirty centimeters.

- the flowers of this variety at the base have a purple and violet hue, and closer to the edges they acquire white tone. The lower petals are completely white. The size of the opened buds reaches five centimeters. The length of the shoot is small, about seven centimeters.

- flowers are bright yellowish with purple patches. All petals have ribbed edges. The length of the stems reaches nine centimeters, and the diameter of the flowers is five centimeters.

- this variety has flowers that appear with a dark purple color, but after two days turn black. The petals have a velvety surface and smooth edges. Flowers grow up to five centimeters in diameter. The length of the shoots is ten centimeters.

- the flowers of this variety appear with a blue color, but after two days the petals begin to lighten, acquiring a light bluish tint. The size of the flowers reaches a diameter of five centimeters. The length of the shoots is about nine centimeters.

- The flowers of this plant are white with long, purple patches. There are varieties with petals that have white, yellow, purple and green hues. The height of the bush reaches twenty centimeters, and the diameter of the flowers is five centimeters.

Varieties with small flowers

- flowers with a dark red hue with a black base. The lower petals are yellow. The flowers are four centimeters in diameter. The total height of the shrub is twenty centimeters.

- the variety was named after a girl from folk tale who had a red hat. Likewise, the flowers of the plant along the edges have a light or dark shade red, and in the center of the petals black color. The size of the flowers is small, only three centimeters.

- flowers with velvet petals of a pure white tone. The size of the flowers can reach four centimeters in diameter.

- this variety has delicate petals with a blue and light blue tint. The flowers grow up to four centimeters in diameter.

Pansies growing from seed

To please yourself with flowers in the first year, you need to know how to properly plant this plant. It all starts with sowing seeds at the end of February. To do this, use any plastic boxes filled with slightly acidic soil.

Seeds should be planted at a depth of 5 mm. Then put the boxes in a dark and warm place. After five days, the seedlings will germinate. Having noticed the first shoots, transfer the seedlings to a bright place where the temperature does not exceed + 17 ° C. Monitor the moderate soil moisture, feed the seedlings with a soluble fertilizer containing potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus.

When the seedlings germinate well and two leaves appear on each stalk, proceed to planting in cassettes. After completing the transplant, place the boxes in cool place, where no more than + 13 ° C. During this period, continue to monitor soil moisture and fertilize.

Violet very beautiful flower, which can also be grown when caring at home, the main thing is to follow the rules of care and you will not have problems with it. You can find all the necessary recommendations in this article.

Viola soil

For tricolor violets, it is necessary to choose a nutrient soil. In poor soils, such as sandy or clay, flowers do not grow well, becoming nondescript dwarfs.

To improve infertile soil, you need to mix it with fertilizer. For one square meter add 5 kg of vegetable compost or last year's manure.

Pansies planting

Violet tricolor is not whimsical when grown outdoors. The only thing she needs is a large place and warmth. Choose an open, sunny site for planting. When you start planting seedlings, keep the distance between seedlings (15-20 cm). Plants will take root in 3-4 days.

Important! Plant seedlings in open land two months after the dive. The number of leaves in a seedling should be at least 4 pieces.

Watering the viola

You need to water the flowers three times a week, and if the weather turned out to be hot, then every day. Try not to flood the seedlings, but maintain moderate soil moisture. Pour water under the very root.

Important! Do not allow water to stagnate in the soil, this can cause the flowers to rot. Loosen the soil after watering.

Fertilizer for tricolor violet

The first feeding of flowers should be done two weeks after transplanting into open ground. As a fertilizer, any complexes of minerals (phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium) are suitable. The next feeding should be done during the appearance of buds and before flowering.

Important! Do not fertilize this plant with fresh manure.

pansies pruning

Violets reproduce quickly, throwing seeds into the soil. If you do not want the flowers to grow strongly in one place, then you need to remove the seed boxes in time. Flowers should be cut at a distance of five centimeters from the ground.

In three weeks, you will have new inflorescences. Circumcision is also done if the bushes begin to turn yellow and dry out, and the flowers fade and decrease. In two weeks, the shrub will give new shoots.

Important! Leave two leaves on each stem in the cutting area.

Pansies flowering period

Violets give abundant flowering from May until frost, that is, 4-5 months a year. Such a long flowering is due to the constant change of flowers, which occurs imperceptibly.

Old flowers fall off after 3-4 days, and new ones appear in their places. If you want flowers to start appearing in early spring, then sow the seeds outdoors in the second half of summer.

tricolor violet in winter

Violets tricolor easily survive the cold season. But they need help preparing for the winter.

Prune the bushes after a hard frost. Then cover the plants with dry leaves. Remove the leaves in early spring to keep the flowers from rotting.

Pansies growing from seeds when to plant

This is the main breeding method for violets. Seeds can be purchased at flower shop or collect yourself from bushes that have faded. They are planted in boxes for seedlings or immediately in open ground.

The timing of sowing seeds for seedlings may be different. To get early flowering specimens, you can sow in January and February. But for this you will have to provide seedlings with additional lighting. The first flower buds will appear in late spring and early summer.

Sowing seeds in open ground is carried out in early summer and autumn. In the first case, the plants will show abundant flowering in August and September. And in the second case, sowing will ensure flowering in early spring next year.

Pansies propagation by cuttings

For example, large-flowered varieties eventually degenerate and begin to produce small flowers. The cutting method can save and propagate such a rare specimen.

To do this, cut off a small shoot with two leaves from the plant and plant it in a cup with soil. Such a stalk will sprout roots without additional stimulants.

Important! Use soil from the area where you plan to plant flowers. This will help the plant to immediately adapt to the characteristics of your soil.

Propagation of tricolor violets by dividing the bush

This method is used to reproduce perennial varieties. Violets should not grow in one place for more than four years. They are born and disappear.

To prevent this, a large shrub is divided into small parts. Divide the plant in early spring before flowering begins.

Diseases and pests

powdery mildew - This fungal disease, which appears on the leaves and stems in the form white plaque. If the plant has small spots, you need to treat the surface of the leaves with fungicides, such as Pure Flower or Topaz. With a stronger spread of the fungus, the plant must be pulled out of the garden so as not to infect other flowers.

Gray rot is a disease of fungal origin. It manifests itself in the form of a grayish mold that covers the affected areas of leaves and stems. To stop the spread of infection, you need to remove the leaves. Sprinkle remaining affected areas wood ash or chalk. If the fungus has spread strongly over the flower, it is necessary to spray it with a fungicidal preparation (fundozol, pure flower, rayek, soon).

Bacterial spotting - the cause of this disease is phytopathogenic bacteria. It appears as brown or black spots that affect the leaves. To stop the spread of the disease, you need to pull out the affected plant, and spray neighboring shrubs with a mildly toxic fungicide, such as copper oxychloride.

Pansies medicinal properties

Violet tricolor - unique treatment plant, which contains a set useful substances: vitamin "C", carotenoids, rutin, salicylic acid, trace elements, etc. Thanks to their chemicals the plant helps to cope with cough, bronchitis, stomach and intestinal diseases, bladder infection, neurosis and insomnia.

In the use of viola there are contraindications. Do not use the plant for inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) and kidney disease (glomerulonephritis). Frequent use of a decoction of violet tricolor can cause irritation of the stomach.

Decoction of the flu : pour one glass into the container hot water. Add one tablespoon of dried, ground herbs. Put the container on the fire and boil for 15 minutes. Wait until the broth cools down and strain. Take one teaspoon three times daily after meals.

Cough syrup : Add five tablespoons of dried, chopped herbs to a container. Pour five cups of boiling water. Leave the solution for twelve hours and then strain. Add five tablespoons of sugar and bring to a boil. Boil the composition until the syrup thickens. Five minutes before the end of cooking, add lemon juice. Use syrup with hot tea - one tablespoon of syrup per cup of tea.

Pansies (viola tricolor) - one to two years old herbaceous plant from the violet family, reaching a height of 15-20 cm. The stems are thin, hollow, erect, covered with short hairs, ending in single flowers. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, round-heart-shaped or oblong-elliptical, hairy. lower leaves heart-ovate, and the upper - oblong-elliptical. Flowers solitary, on long stalks, purple-blue, with different shades. Usually the top two petals are purple, the two side petals are light purple, and the bottom one is yellow or white. Blooms from April to late autumn. The fruits ripen in June. Seeds are small, obovate, smooth. The fruit is a box that cracks with three wings, from where the seeds scatter.

Violet tricolor grows almost everywhere in the European part of Russia, in Western and Eastern Siberia. Settles in dry meadows, clearings, edges, gardens, orchards. As a weed plant, violet often settles on arable land.

Medicinal raw material is the aerial part of the plant, grass. It is harvested during flowering, in May - July. The cut grass is dried in the shade, laying out in a thin layer on a wooden bed and stirring frequently. Dried grass is stored in a wooden or glass container for no more than one and a half years.

With long time ago in many countries pansies are attempted to be cultivated for medicinal purposes. Grow only field pansies with small flowers, the petals of which are light yellow and whitish in color. The soil for sowing seeds should be good, but not greasy. Seeds are sown in March-April in rows, watered abundantly until shoots appear, and the rows are loosened several times. Sometimes the seeds are sown in the summer, and in September the seedlings are transplanted and in May of the following year they are already harvested. Several crops are harvested during the summer.

Where did it come from Russian name of this plant - "pansies" - is not known for certain. True, some cultivars pansies with large flowers, really look like the blue eyes of a girl, but we are interested in a simple, modest wild flower, a little like a girl's eyes. But, nevertheless, this plant is more often called pansies than "tricolor violet". The Germans call this plant stepmother, explaining this name as follows. The lower, largest and most beautiful petal is a dressed-up stepmother. Two, located higher, no less beautifully colored petals - these are her daughters, no less beautifully dressed up. And the two uppermost white petals, as if faded, with a lilac shade of the petal, are her poorly dressed stepdaughters. The legend says that before the stepmother was upstairs, and the poor stepdaughters were downstairs, but God took pity on the poor, downtrodden and abandoned girls and turned the flower, while the evil stepmother was the spur that bothered her, and her own daughters hated the mustache.

Some saw a woman's face in the flower, expressing curiosity. It is said that this face belongs to a woman who was turned into this flower because, out of curiosity, she looked where she was forbidden to look.

As if to confirm this, they tell another legend about the appearance of pansies on the ground. One day, this legend says, the goddess Venus took it into her head to bathe in a remote grotto, where no human eye could penetrate. The goddess calmly bathed, but suddenly she heard a rustle and saw mortals looking at her. Arriving in indescribable anger, Venus turned to Zeus with a request to punish the daring. Zeus, of course, responded to the request beautiful goddess and decided to punish them, but then relented and turned them into pansies, expressing curiosity and surprise.

The Greeks call this flower - the flower of Jupiter, and they have such a legend about its origin. One day, bored of sitting on his throne of clouds, the Thunderer decided, for the sake of diversity, to descend to earth. In order not to be recognized, he took the form of a shepherdess and took with him a lovely white sheep, which he led on a string. Having reached the fields of Argives, Jupiter saw a mass of people striving for the temple of Juno and mechanically followed the people. At that time, the famous Greek beauty Io, the daughter of King Inoch, was just making sacrifices. Fascinated by her extraordinary beauty, Jupiter forgot about his divine origin and, placing at her feet the lovely sheep he had brought with him, revealed himself to her in his love.

Proud, impregnable, refusing the harassment of all earthly kings, Io could not resist the spell of the Thunderer and was carried away by him. The lovers usually met only in the silence of the night and under the strictest confidence, but the jealous Juno soon found out about this connection, and Jupiter, in order to save poor Io from the wrath of his wife, was forced to turn his beloved into a wonderful, snow-white cow.

But this transformation became the greatest misfortune for the girl. Upon learning of such a terrible transformation, she began to weep bitterly, and her plaintive weeping resounded like a cow's roar. She wanted to raise her hands to the sky in order to beg the immortals to return her former image, but the hands that turned into legs did not obey her. She wandered sadly among her sisters, and no one recognized her. True, her father at times caressed her, like a beautiful animal, gave her succulent leaves, which he plucked from the nearest bush, but in vain she licked his hands with gratitude, in vain shed tears - her father did not recognize her either.

Finally, a happy thought came into her head: she decided to write about her misfortune. And then one day, when her father was feeding her, she began to draw letters in the sand with her feet. These strange movements attracted his attention, he began to peer at the signs in the sand and, to his horror, learned the unfortunate fate of his beautiful daughter, whom he had long considered dead.

"Oh, I'm unhappy! he exclaimed, hugging the cow's muzzle. - This is the terrible form in which I found you, my dear, priceless child, you, whom I have been looking for so long and in vain. Looking for you everywhere, I suffered greatly, but when I found you, I suffer ten times more! Poor, poor child, you can’t even utter even one word of consolation to me - instead of words, only wild sounds escape from your sore soul!

The unfortunate daughter and father were inconsolable. And then, in order to at least somewhat mitigate the terrible fate of Io, by order of Jupiter, the earth grew pleasant food for the unfortunate woman - a tricolor violet flower, which was called by the Greeks the “flower of Jupiter”. The flower symbolically depicted the blushing and pale maiden modesty.

In the middle of the century, the flower begins to play a role in the Christian world and receives the name of the flower of St. Trinity. Medieval Christians saw a triangle in the dark spot in the middle of the flower and compared it with the all-seeing eye, and in the divorces surrounding it - the radiance coming from it. The triangle, in their opinion, depicts the three faces of St. Trinity, originating from the all-seeing eye - God the Father.

It should be noted that this flower in the Middle Ages was surrounded by mystery and in one of the Trappist monasteries one could see on the wall a huge image of him with a dead head in the center and the inscription: "Remember death."

In the north of France, white pansies were considered a symbol of death, they were never given to anyone or made into bouquets.

But in the same Middle Ages, in some places, pansies served as a symbol of fidelity in love, and it was customary to give each other their portraits, placed in an enlarged image of this flower.

In Poland, this flower is called "brothers", the Poles love it and give it as a keepsake only as a sign of a very great location. A young girl gives such a flower there as a keepsake only to her fiancé. By the way, since ancient times, pansies have been credited with the ability to bewitch love. To do this, the person who wanted to bewitch had to sprinkle the juice of these flowers on the eyelids during sleep, and then come and stand in front of him just at the time he wakes up.

Pansies enjoy great love and popularity in Persia, where there are even more affectionate words for this flower than for a rose.

In England, pansies are sent to lovers on Valentine's Day (February 14), when all the feelings hidden for a year get the right to pour out on paper, and are sent to the address of those persons who are intended. It is said that more love letters are written in England on this day than anywhere else. the globe. Sometimes a dried pansy flower is sent in an envelope instead of a letter. And the recipient understands everything - this is a declaration of love.

Thus, this flower plays the role of an intermediary, expressing without words the thought and desire of the one who sent it. In England, this flower is also called "heart calm".

The first attempts to make pansies as garden flowers date back to the beginning of the 16th century. At that time, pansies began to be grown from seeds in the gardens of Prince William of Hesse-Kassel, and in the 17th century, Vandergren, the gardener of the Prince of Orleans, began to grow pansies in the garden. He managed to develop five varieties of pansies.

This flower owes its even greater improvement to the daughter of the English Earl of Tankerville, Mary Benet, who, having made this flower her favorite, planted the whole garden and the entire terrace of her castle with it. Her gardener collected the seeds of the largest and most beautiful flowers and sowed them. Through natural cross-pollination, more and more varieties appeared in the garden of the Countess, among which there were excellent varieties that attracted the attention of lovers and made pansies one of the most beloved flowers.

Selection of more and more varieties of pansies in different countries Europe led to the fact that in 1830 Darwin already had 400 varieties of them, among which there were already velvety, satiny flowers that now adorn our gardens.

The chemical composition of the herb tricolor violet is quite rich biologically. active substances. The herb contains flavone glycoside, violaquercetin and anthocyanin glycosides (delphinidin, peonidin, violanin), a small amount essential oil, carotene, violaxanthin, violaemetin alkaloid, saponins, tannins, mucous polysaccharides, phenolcarboxylic acids, coumarins, tannins, up to 300 mg% of vitamin C.

Preparations of violet tricolor have an expectorant, diuretic, diaphoretic, laxative effect. The anti-inflammatory properties of the plant are associated with the presence in its grass of a pharmacologically active essential oil and mucus-like substances that have an antiseptic effect in the gastrointestinal tract, enhance the secretion of the bronchial glands and facilitate the excretion of sputum. The saponins contained in the plant determine its expectorant and diuretic properties. Preparations from violet tricolor also have antimicrobial, enveloping, soothing and emetic (in large doses) action. In particular, the infusion of herbs has a detrimental effect on protozoa, is a good expectorant for acute respiratory diseases, inflammation of the trachea, bronchi, lungs and urinary tract, as well as urolithiasis. The high content of vitamin C and carotenoids in the herb makes violet infusion useful for atherosclerosis, heart attacks, inflammation of the joints and rickets in children.

Pansy preparations are used both independently, in the form of infusions and decoctions, as well as in mixtures with others. medicinal plants(in fees). Basically, violet preparations are prescribed as an expectorant and cough softener for acute respiratory diseases, chronic bronchitis and bronchopneumonia, and whooping cough. Violet preparations soften inflammatory plaques on the bronchi, facilitate sputum separation, increase the motor activity of the ciliated epithelium of the mucous membranes of the lungs, which contributes to faster evacuation of sputum and, therefore, soothes cough.

Violet preparations are also prescribed for inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, for urolithiasis, uric acid diathesis and for some other urological diseases. Preparations from the herb of the plant are used for allergic dermatitis, exudative diathesis, eczema. In these diseases, herbal preparations are applied topically in the form of lotions and for the preparation of baths.

Our ancestors loved violet tea: dried grass was brewed as tea and drunk against scrofula and other rashes. It was believed that pansies belonged to blood-purifying agents. An infusion of the herb was used in the treatment of milk rash, for which 1 teaspoon of the herb was infused in a glass of water. The grass was poured into the water at night, and the next morning the infusion was boiled and given to drink on an empty stomach with an admixture of sweetened milk.

In one of the ancient herbalists we read:

• a violet leaf, crushed and taken orally, will eliminate any edema that occurs in the stomach (stomach) and which is born from excess fever;
• the root of that herb, boiled in wine and crushed and applied to the edema of the spleen, the edema will be eliminated and excess moisture will be pulled out of the spleen;
• who smells the color white violet, the headache will go away and he will get a restful sleep;
• a violet-colored spirit with violet grass applied to the head of a drunken person will sober him up;
• hops, like a headache, violet drives purple;
• she relieves heaviness and heals falling patients.

Infusion: 1 tbsp. a spoonful of raw materials is poured with 1 cup of boiling water, kept in a water bath for 15 minutes, cooled at room temperature 45 minutes, filter, squeeze the grass. Take 1/3 cup 3-4 times a day after meals. With prolonged use of high doses, nausea and even vomiting may occur.
herbal tea: the herb is brewed with boiling water in a ratio of 1:10, heated in a water bath, without boiling, for 5 minutes, insisted for 15 minutes, filtered and taken 1 tbsp. spoon several times a day.

Outwardly, for compresses and baths, violet infusion is combined with ingestion for various skin diseases.

Botanists call this flower tricolor viola or tricolor violet. This is a modest little plant that grows on open spaces.

It was these unpretentious flowers that were introduced into culture more than a hundred years ago in England. They owe this to the gardener Thompson, who tracked down and brought back a wild variety of violet. Viola tricolor (Viola tricolor) began to be crossed with yellow violet (V. lutea), Altai (U. altaica) and horned (V. cornuta), resulting in many new varieties and hybrids. These plants were so different from the original species that it became necessary to separate them into a new, artificially obtained species - Wittrock's violet (Viola x wittrokkiana). The name is given in honor of the Swedish botanist Veit Wittrock (1839-1914), who devoted his entire life to studying this plant.

In England, pansies are still considered one of the most beloved plants to this day. Even when leaving for other countries, the British try to plant these cheerful flowers in their new front gardens as a memory of their homeland. From England, violets migrated to France, Germany, and then to Russia.

According to the legend about the violet (about pansies): three periods of the life of the girl Anyuta with a kind heart and trusting eyes were reflected in the tricolor petals of the pansies. She lived in the village, believed every word, found an excuse for every deed. To my misfortune, she met an insidious seducer and fell in love with him with all her heart. And the young man was afraid of her love and hurried on the road, assuring that he would return soon. Anyuta looked at the road for a long time, quietly fading away from melancholy. And when she died, flowers appeared at the place of her burial, in the tricolor petals of which hope, surprise and sadness were reflected. This is a Russian legend about a flower.

The ancient Greeks associated the appearance of these flowers with the daughter of the king of Argos, Io, who fell in love with Zeus, for which his wife Hera was turned into a cow. To brighten up somehow the life of his beloved, Zeus grew pansies for her, which symbolized a love triangle.

Once the sun god Apollo pursued with his burning rays one of the beautiful daughters of Atlas, the poor girl turned to Zeus with a plea to cover and protect her. And so the great Thunderer, heeding her prayers, turned her into a wonderful violet and hid her in the shade of his bushes, where since then she has bloomed every spring and filled the heavenly forests with her fragrance.

here, perhaps, this lovely flower would have remained forever and would never have come to our earth, but it so happened that Proserpina, the daughter of Zeus and Ceres, went to the forest for flowers, was abducted by Pluto, who suddenly appeared, just at that time when she was picking violets. In fright, she dropped from her hands the flowers picked by her to the ground, which served as the progenitors of those violets that grow with us to this day.

And here is what another legend tells: Once on a hot day, Venus decided to swim in the most remote grotto so that no one could peep. The goddess Venus bathed for a long time and with pleasure and suddenly heard a rustle. She turned and saw that several mortals were looking at her. The goddess was angry and decided to punish too curious. Venus turned to Zeus with a request to punish the guilty. Zeus, of course, responded to the request of the beautiful goddess and decided to punish them, but then relented and turned them into pansies, expressing curiosity and surprise.

In Germany, this flower is called the stepmother, explaining the name as follows. The lower, largest and most beautiful petal is a dressed-up stepmother. Two, located higher, no less beautifully colored petals - these are her daughters, no less beautifully dressed. And the two uppermost white petals, as if faded, with a lilac tinge of the petal, are her poorly dressed stepdaughters. The legend says that before the stepmother was upstairs, and the poor stepdaughters were downstairs, but God took pity on the poor, downtrodden and abandoned girls and turned the flower, while the evil stepmother got the spur that bothered her, and her own daughters got the antennae they hated.

Some saw in this flower a woman's face expressing curiosity. It is said that this face belongs to a woman who was turned into a flower because, out of curiosity, she looked where she was forbidden to look.