Door closer gost. Overview of the regulatory framework and characteristics of door closers

Approved and put into effect by order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated October 21, 2014 No. 1357-st

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

DOOR CLOSING DEVICES (CLOSERS)

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

Controlled door closing devices (door closers).

SpecificationsEN 1154:1996

GOST R 56177-2014

Group Zh34

Introduction date

Foreword

1. Developed by the Institution "Certification Center for Window and Door Equipment" (CS ODT) with the participation of the company "GEZE" (Germany).

2. Introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction".

3. Approved and put into effect by the Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated October 21, 2014 No. 1357-st.

4. This standard complies with the European regional standard EN 1154:1996 “Construction equipment. Controlled door closing devices. Requirements and test methods" (EN 1154:1996 "Building hardware - Controlled doorclosing devices - Requirements and test methods", NEQ) in part technical requirements and test methods.

5. Introduced for the first time.

The rules for the application of this standard are established in GOST R 1.0-2012 (section 8). Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index " National Standards”, and the official text of the changes and amendments - in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (gost.ru).

1 area of use

This standard applies to devices for controlled closing of doors (hereinafter referred to as closers) installed on hinged doors with an emphasis and swing doors that require reliable closing control and are used in the construction of residential and public buildings. Closers are also recommended to be installed on doors to ensure unhindered access to buildings for people with limited mobility.

Closers can be used in various climatic zones in accordance with the norms of building climatology. The design, category, operating conditions, storage and transportation of closers in terms of the impact of climatic factors must comply with the requirements of GOST 15150.

This International Standard can be used to certify products.

This standard uses normative references to the following standards:

GOST 9.308-85 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. Accelerated Corrosion Test Methods

GOST 9.401-91 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint coatings. General requirements and methods of accelerated tests for resistance to climatic factors

GOST 166-89 (ISO 3599-76) Calipers. Specifications

GOST 538-2001 Lock and hardware products. General specifications

GOST 1050-88 Rolled bars, calibrated with a special surface finish from quality carbon structural steel. General specifications

GOST 1583-93 Cast aluminum alloys. Specifications

GOST 4784-97 Aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys. Stamps

GOST 5949-75 Sectional and calibrated corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant steel. Specifications

GOST 6507-90 Micrometers. Specifications

GOST 9389-75 Carbon steel spring wire. Specifications

GOST 9500-84 Exemplary portable dynamometers. General technical requirements

GOST 15140-78 Paintwork materials. Methods for determining adhesion

GOST 15150-69 Machinery, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, operating conditions, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of climatic factors external environment

GOST 15527-2004 Copper-zinc alloys (brass), processed by pressure. Stamps

GOST 21996-76 Cold-rolled heat-treated steel strip. Specifications

GOST 24670-81 Bolts, screws and screws. Radii under the head

GOST 25140-93 Zinc casting alloys. Stamps

GOST 30893.1-2002 (ISO 2768-1-89) Basic standards of interchangeability. General tolerances. Limit deviations of linear and angular dimensions with unspecified tolerances

Note. When using this standard, it is advisable to check the effect of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for this year. If an undated referenced reference standard has been replaced, it is recommended that the current version of that standard be used, taking into account any changes made to that version. If the reference standard to which the dated reference is given is replaced, then it is recommended to use the version of this standard with the year of approval (acceptance) indicated above. If, after the adoption of this standard, a change is made to the referenced standard to which a dated reference is given, affecting the provision to which the reference is given, then this provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference to it is given is recommended to be applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3. Terms and definitions

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:

3.1. adjustable door closing device (closer): A hydraulic mechanism designed for self-closing or controlled closing of doors with a stop and swing doors that can be installed on / in the door structure, built into the floor or in the upper part of the opening.

3.2. overhead door closer: A door closer that is installed openly at the top of the door, on the door leaf or door frame.

3.3. overhead mortise closer: A closer installed in the thickness of the door leaf or in the thickness of the door frame.

3.4. bottom-mounted door closer (concealed): Floor-mounted door closer.

3.5. door closer for a swing door: A closer that ensures the closing of a door that opens in both directions.

3.6. hinged door closer: A closer that closes a door that opens in one direction.

3.7. single-leaf door block: A structure consisting of a rigidly fixed in doorway boxes with one door leaf hung on hinges.

3.8. double door block: A structure consisting of a frame rigidly fixed in the doorway with two door leafs hung on hinges.

3.9. active canvas: double-sided (swing) canvas door block, which opens first and closes last.

3.10. inactive leaf: The leaf of a two-leaf (swing) door unit that opens last and closes first.

3.11. door width: The maximum clearance for the width of the door leaf.

3.12. opening torque: The force applied by the user to open a door with a closer that accumulates potential energy.

3.13. Closing moment: The force developed by the door closer by using the stored energy required to close the door.

3.14. opening damping: Safe deceleration (increase in resistance) of door opening to prevent uncontrolled opening of the door.

3.15. Closing Delay: A built-in function that allows you to delay the start of the closing of the door for a specified time, after which the controlled closing of the door continues.

3.16. Closer Closing Force: The value of the closing moment generated by the closer.

3.17. hold-open: A built-in function that allows a door fitted with a closer to remain open at a preset or selected angle until it is mechanically (electromechanically) released.

3.18. Electric Hold-Open: A built-in feature that allows the door to be held open at any given angle by an electric interlock.

3.19. adjustable closing force: Built-in function that allows you to adjust the closing moment in the entire range of closing force of the door closer.

3.20. Efficiency: The ratio of the maximum opening force applied by the user to the door to the maximum closing force of the door, expressed as a percentage.

3.21. closing speed: The speed at which the closer closes the door from the open position.

3.22. speed control: A built-in function that allows you to adjust the speed of closing the door.

3.23. end-stop: The function of additional control of the closing speed of the door in the last few degrees to overcome resistance external factors and individual elements doors (locking devices, seals), as well as wind and other loads.

3.24. test cycle: A cycle that involves forcibly opening the door through 90° from a fully closed state and then closing the door with the help of a door closer.

4. Classification and symbols

4.1. Closers are divided into:

By purpose (number of classification feature 1) for the following types:

DN - overhead overhead for hinged doors,

DV - mortise top location for swing doors, DP - bottom location, installed in the floor, DM - for swing doors,

DF - with an additional function (stop, damping of opening);

Depending on the size and weight of the door leaf (number of the classification feature 2) into the classes given in table 1;

By reliability (number of classification feature 3) into classes:

For use in fire doors(classification feature number 4) into classes:

0 - the closer is not applicable,

1 - the closer is applicable;

By application in various climatic conditions (number of classification feature 5) for types:

H - used under normal climatic conditions (at temperatures from minus 15 ° C to plus 40 ° C),

M - used under climatic conditions with temperatures below minus 15 ° C;

According to corrosion resistance (number of classification feature 6) into classes:

1 - high resistance,

2 - moderate durability,

3 - weak resistance.

Between 0° and 4° Between 88° and 90°, Nm, min Any other maximum opening angle, Nmminimum, Hmmaximum, Nm1 Less than 750 20 9 13 3 2 26 50

2 850 40 13 18 4 3 36 50

3 950 60 18 26 6 4 47 55

4 1100 80 26 37 9 6 62 60

5 1250 100 37 54 12 8 83 65

6 1400 120 54 87 18 11 134 65

7 1600 160 87 140 29 18 215 65

4.2. Closers of various types and types of doors for which it is recommended to use closers are given in Appendix A.

4.3. Symbol

The symbol of closers should include:

Product name;

Number of classification feature;

Numerical and alphabetic designations of types, types and classes, depending on the classification features given in 4.1;

Designation of this standard.

The structure of the symbol for closers is shown in Table 2.

table 2

Classification feature number 1 2 3 4 5 6 GOST R Letter (numerical) designation of type, type and class Example of symbol for overhead door closer with additional release function for swing doors, class 2 depending on the size and weight of the door leaf, class 1 for reliability , not used in fire doors, used in normal climatic conditions, class 2 in terms of corrosion resistance:

Closer 1 2 3 4 5 6 GOST R 56177-2014

DNDF 2 1 0 N 2 For export-import deliveries, it is allowed to use product designations accepted from the supplier and specified in the agreement (contract).

5. Technical requirements

5.1. General provisions

5.1.1. Closers must comply with the requirements of GOST 538, this standard and be manufactured according to the design and technological documentation for closers of a particular type.

5.1.2. The requirements that establish the dependence of the main characteristics of door closers of each class (closing moment, opening moment, efficiency) on the dimensions and weight of the door leaf are given in Table 1.

5.1.3. The closer must allow setting the door closing time from the open position to an angle of 90 ° in the range of up to 3 s or less after 5000 operating cycles for closing the door and 20 s or more after 500,000 operating cycles for closing the door.

After 500,000 door closer cycles, the door closing time set after 5,000 cycles must not increase by more than 100% or decrease by more than 30%.

5.1.4. When operating door closers in extreme temperatures, the door closing time from an angle of 90°, equal to 5 s at an external temperature of 20 °C, should not increase by more than 25 s at a temperature of minus 15 °C and below, or decrease by less than 3 s at a temperature of 40°C.

5.1.5. Door closers must withstand overload operation when closing the door from an angle of 90 °. The weight of the load and the maximum friction of the door leaf, depending on the class of the closer (see table 1) are given in table 3.

Table 3

Closer class Door leaf weight, kg Load weight, kg Maximum door leaf friction, N m1 20 15 0.1

5.1.6. The amount of swing (backlash) of new closers of pendulum doors relative to the zero position should not exceed 3 mm, after 500,000 operating cycles - no more than 6 mm.

5.1.7. Closers intended for use in internal doors are tested for corrosion resistance for at least 96 h (class 3).

5.1.8. Door closers intended for use in external doors, as well as those installed in the floor, are tested for corrosion resistance for at least 240 h (class 2).

5.1.9. Closers intended for use in external doors or built into the floor in buildings located in climatic zones T and M according to GOST 15150 (tropical, humid and marine climate), as well as on the doors of sea and river vessels, must have high corrosion resistance (class 1) and tested for at least 360 hours.

5.1.10. After testing for corrosion resistance in a salt spray chamber, closers must remain operational.

5.1.11. After testing the closer assembly for corrosion resistance in a salt spray chamber, the closing torque shall be at least 80% of the torque measured before the test.

5.1.12. To ensure safety requirements in case of fire, fire/smoke door closers as independent product or as part of a complete door structure must meet the additional requirements specified in Appendix B.

5.1.13. Appearance closers: color, permissible surface defects (risks, scratches, etc.) must correspond to standard samples approved by the head of the manufacturer.

5.1.14. Electrically operated door closers must be safe to operate. Electric drives and other electrical components included in closers must comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations "On the safety of low-voltage equipment". In the case of delivery from abroad, closers must bear the CE marking.

5.2. Dimensions and limit deviations

The dimensions of the closers are set in the working drawings, the controlled dimensions are in the technical documentation of the manufacturer.

Limit deviations of matched and non-matched dimensions - according to GOST 538.

The maximum deviations of the controlled dimensions of the body of closers after machining must be at least class 7 in accordance with GOST 30893.1.

5.3. Design requirements

5.3.1. The design of overhead closers should provide:

The possibility of opening the door at least 90 ° (in each direction);

Regulation of the duration of closing the door, open at 90 °, in the range from 2 to 5 s;

Door opening angle in accordance with its class, and when closing - door control from an opening angle of at least 70 ° to the closed position;

Regulation of the position of the door in the closed state relative to the plane of symmetry of the adjacent door leaf or adjacent enclosing structure within +/- 1°;

Reliable fixation of the door in the extreme (closed and open) positions.

5.3.2. Closers with additional built-in functions must meet the following requirements:

A) to slow down the opening of the door until it reaches the 90° position (opening damping function);

B) ensure the door closing time from the angle of 90° to the end of the delay zone (opening angle of at least 65°) for at least 20 s at a temperature of 20 °C (delayed closing function). The torque required to override the delay manually must not exceed 150 Nm;

C) meet the requirements given in 5.1 at the minimum and maximum closing force settings declared by the manufacturer (closing force setting function);

5.3.3. Control knobs additional features should be hidden and activated with the help of special tool.

5.3.4. The design of the closer should provide free access to the closer mechanism to regulate its operation without dismantling the door leaf.

5.3.5. The design of the door closer must be airtight during the entire period of operation, i.e. exclude the possibility of leakage from it of the working fluid intended for the operation of the closer mechanisms.

5.3.6. An example of the design and operation of the closer is given in Appendix B.

5.4. Requirements for reliability (non-failure operation)

5.4.1. Closers must withstand without fail not less than:

1,000,000 closing cycles - lower position closers (class 1);

500,000 closing cycles - overhead door closers (class 2);

250,000 closing cycles - pendulum and internal doors(class 3).

5.4.2. Closer closing moments, measured after 5000 and 500000 operating cycles, must have values not less than those indicated in Table 1 for specific classes of closers.

5.4.3. The maximum door opening moment, measured after 5000 operating cycles, must not exceed the values given in table 1 for door closers of specific classes.

5.4.4. If the actual size and weight of the door leaf refers to closers of two classes according to Table 1 or if the closers are used in non-standard conditions (high wind loads, special installation methods, etc.), a closer of a higher class should be used.

5.5. Requirements for materials and components

5.5.1. The materials used for the manufacture of closers and their components must be resistant to climatic influences and have a protective and protective and decorative coating in accordance with GOST 538.

5.5.2. For the manufacture of closers used:

Steel according to GOST 1050, GOST 5949;

Zinc alloys according to GOST 25140;

Zinc-aluminum alloys according to GOST 4784;

Aluminum alloys according to GOST 1583;

Copper-zinc alloys (brass) according to GOST 15527.

5.5.3. Closer springs must be made of steel wire in accordance with GOST 9389 or steel tape in accordance with GOST 21996.

5.5.4. Requirements for protective and protective and decorative coatings of door closers are established in GOST 538.

5.5.5. To fasten closers and their elements to frames and door leafs, use self-tapping screws(screws) in accordance with GOST 24670, having an anti-corrosion coating.

5.6. Completeness

5.6.1. Closers must be supplied to the consumer as a set in accordance with the design documentation of the manufacturer.

5.6.2. Each batch of closers must be accompanied by instructions for installation, operation and maintenance, as well as a passport and other accompanying documentation, made in the language of the country of the consumer.

5.6.3. The attached instruction should contain requirements for the conditions for the use of closers, limiting the opening angle, and also determine the force of opening and closing closers when used in buildings and structures for various purposes.

5.7. Labeling and packaging

5.7.1. Each closer, as well as separately supplied components, must be marked with the following marking:

A) the name and trade mark of the manufacturer or other means of identification;

B) closer model (type, class, type);

B) symbol in accordance with 4.3;

D) year and month of manufacture;

E) the designation of this standard.

For components that do not have a place for placement complete information, information on listing a) is mandatory.

The markings on recessed door closers must be clearly visible after removing the cover plate.

5.7.2. Packaging of products - according to GOST 538. Marking on packaging containers (boxes, boxes) must be made in the language of the consumer country.

5.7.3. Additional requirements for labeling and packaging, if necessary, may be established in the supply contract.

6. Acceptance rules

6.1. Acceptance of closers is carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard and GOST 538.

Closers accept in batches. When accepted by the manufacturer, a batch is considered to be the number of closers of the same name, manufactured during one shift and issued with one quality document.

A batch is also considered the number of closers of the same design, manufactured according to one order.

6.2. Compliance of the quality of closers with the requirements of this standard is confirmed by:

Incoming control of materials and components;

Operational production control;

Acceptance control and periodic testing;

certification tests;

Type and qualification tests.

6.3. The procedure for conducting incoming and operational production control at workplaces is established in the technological documentation of the manufacturer.

6.4. Acceptance quality control and periodic testing of closers is carried out in accordance with Table 4. The plan and procedure for conducting acceptance control is in accordance with GOST 538.

Table 4

Acceptance control and periodic testing

Name of indicator Item number Tests during acceptance control Periodic tests

Appearance 5.1.13 Each batch Once every two years

Dimensions, limit deviations of controlled dimensions 5.2 The same Once every three years

Completeness, marking, packaging 5.6; 5.7 "Same

Reliability (reliability) 5.1.4; 5.1.5; 5.3.1; 5.3.2; 5.4.1 - Once every three years

Tightness 5.3.5; 7.5 Each batch (100% of products) The same

Load resistance (strength) 5.1.2; 5.1.4; 5.4.2; 5.4.3 - "

Performance indicators 5.1.3; 5.1.4; 5.3.1 - "

Corrosion resistance 5.1.7; 5.1.8; 5.1.9; 5.1.10 - "

6.5. Periodic tests are carried out on two samples that have passed acceptance control.

On the first sample, reliability tests are carried out, resistance to static loads is determined, and ergonomic indicators (opening and closing forces) are evaluated. The second sample is used for corrosion testing.

6.6. In the event of a negative result of periodic tests for at least one indicator of at least one sample, repeated tests of a double number of samples are carried out for the indicator that showed a negative result.

6.7. If the results of repeated tests are unsatisfactory, it is considered that the samples did not pass the periodic tests.

6.8. Certification tests of closers are recommended to be carried out in the scope of periodic tests.

6.9. Type tests of closers are carried out after changes are made to the design, materials or manufacturing technology to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of the changes made.

The scope of type tests is determined by the nature of the changes made.

Type tests are subjected to door closers that have passed acceptance control.

6.10. Qualification tests of closers are carried out for all indicators when putting products into production.

6.11. Certification and periodic tests are carried out in testing centers (laboratories) accredited for the right to test closers.

6.12. Each batch of closers must be accompanied by a quality document (passport). The composition of the quality document - according to GOST 538.

6.13. Acceptance of closers by the consumer does not release the manufacturer from liability in case of detection hidden defects leading to violation performance characteristics closers during the warranty period.

7. Control methods

7.1. Compliance of materials and components of closers with the requirements normative documents(ND) is established by comparing the indicators given in the accompanying documents with the requirements of the RD for materials and components.

7.2. The dimensions of the closers and the maximum deviations of the dimensions are determined with a caliper according to GOST 166, a micrometer according to GOST 6507, and also use software methods for controlling the manufacturing process of manufacturers.

7.3. The appearance of closers, completeness, marking, packaging are visually checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard, GOST 538, design documentation, and a standard sample.

7.4. The quality of coatings is checked in accordance with GOST 538, adhesion of coatings - in accordance with GOST 15140, corrosion resistance of coatings - in accordance with GOST 9.308 and GOST 9.401.

7.5. The tightness of the closers is checked visually by the presence of traces of oil in the water when washing the assembled closers, as well as when packing by laying the closers on wrapping paper. It is allowed to check the tightness on special equipment that allows you to fix the leakage of liquid.

7.6. Tests of door closers for reliability, incl. with overload, load resistance and performance indicators are carried out in accordance with the flowchart given in Appendix D, on special equipment (bench) in accordance with RD, programs and methods.

Tests may be carried out by separate operations that are part of the overall test cycle.

After testing, the closers must remain operational.

8. Transportation and storage

8.1. Closers are transported by all modes of transport in covered vehicles in accordance with the rules and conditions for loading and securing goods in force on a particular type of transport.

8.2. Storage conditions for products - group 2 according to GOST 15150.

9. Installation instructions

9.1. Installation of closers should be carried out in accordance with the installation instructions included in the delivery.

9.2. Installation should be carried out using special templates included in the delivery.

10. Maintenance instructions

Maintenance work must be carried out by qualified personnel in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

11. Manufacturer's Warranties

11.1. The manufacturer guarantees the compliance of the closers with the requirements of this standard, provided that the consumer observes the rules for transportation, storage, installation and operation, and also subject to the presence of a single product marking, the manufacturer's mark on the main parts of the closers supplied to the market as a whole product or as a set of separate details.

11.2. Warranty period - not less than 24 months. from the date of commissioning or from the date of sale through the distribution network.

Annex A (informative)

TYPES OF CLOSERS AND DOORS

A) Overhead door closer for swing doors (type DN)

B) Mortise (hidden) door closer for swing doors (type DV)

C) Closer for swing door (type DM)

D) Mortise (hidden) closer for swing doors (type DV)

E) Concealed bottom-mounted closer, mounted in the floor (type DP)

Figure A.1. Closer types

A) Standard swing door with closer

B) Standard swing door with single acting door closer

Figure A.2. Door closer types

1 - door width without overlap; 2 - door width with overlay

Figure A.3. Determining the door width

Annex B(mandatory)

REQUIREMENTS FOR CLOSERS INTENDED FOR USE IN FIRE/SMOKE ANTI-SMOKE DOORS

B.1. The scope of closers is the design of fire/smoke doors with a given fire resistance limit according to the results of fire tests of a door structure equipped with this closer.

Closers are allowed to be used on doors similar to the one being tested in design and used in the same operating conditions.

B.2. In the construction of fire / smoke doors, closers with a closing force of at least class 3 according to table 1 should be used.

B.3. In door closers, a locking device in a separate position is not allowed, unless it is an electrical locking device.

B.4. The closing delay function of the door closer must be set to close the door from an angle of 120° to the border of the delay zone in at least 25 s.

B.5. To exclude the possibility of blocking the closing or other action of the closer, the closer control controls must be hidden or activated using a special tool.

Annex B (informative)

CLOSER DESIGN EXAMPLE AND ITS OPERATION SCHEME

A) door opening

b) closing the door

1 - gear combined with the closer spindle; 2 - piston with gear rack; 3 - body closer (hydraulic cylinder); 4 - return spring

Figure B.1. Closer design example

The closer consists of a housing 3 (hydraulic cylinder), divided into two cavities with a working fluid by a piston 2, made as a single unit with a gear rack. To ensure tightness and performance of closers at different temperatures (temperature range from minus 35 °C to plus 40 °C), it is recommended to use ESSO Univis HV126 brand oil (made in the USA) as a working fluid. The characteristics of the oil are given in table B.1.

Table B.1

Characteristics of Esso Univis HVI 26 oil

Characteristic name Value

Viscosity at temperature: 40 °C 25.8

Viscosity index 376

Kinematic viscosity at minus 40 °C 896

Corrosion on copper plate 1A

Pour point, °C Minus 60

Flash point, °C 103

Gear 1 is combined with the closer spindle, rigidly connected to the linkage (not shown in the figure). When the door is opened, a torque is transmitted through the linkage, causing the spindle and gear 1 to rotate. As the gear rotates, the gear rack moves, which leads to the translational movement of the piston 2. The piston, compressing the spring 4 and displacing the oil, moves to the right side. Oil through the bypass valve located at the end of the piston enters the left cavity of the cylinder.

The valve must have a sufficient section so as not to resist when the door is opened. After the door is released, the piston, under the action of a spring pre-compressed when opening, begins to reverse movement. The bypass valve closes and the oil flows through special channels with adjusting screws. By turning the adjusting screws, the cross-sections of the channels are increased or decreased, changing the oil consumption and, accordingly, changing the door closing speed. The door will close faster if the channel section is increased, slower if the channel section is reduced.

TEST FLOW CHART

Annex D (mandatory)

PROGRAM AND METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING CLOSERS FOR RELIABILITY

D.1. Test Equipment Requirements

D.1.1. The test stand for closers (see Figure E.1) must be equipped with a door block with a test door leaf 2100 mm high and 750 to 1200 mm wide, have a device for fixing the number of operating cycles and automatic termination of the test when the closer fails.

1 - test door frame; 2 - cable for falling loads; 3 - tested door closer; 4 - falling weights; 5 - test door; F - the force of opening or closing the door closer

Figure D.1. An example of a device for testing closers for reliability

E.1.2. On the test door leaf, it shall be possible to attach weights to increase the mass of the test door (overload) in accordance with Table 3.

The test door leaf shall be hinged using thrust bearings or other hinge design that ensures that the friction force in the hinges during testing does not exceed the values given in Table 3.

The test door must be installed vertically on the stand. The nominal center of gravity must be at the center of the web in height and at a distance of 500 mm from the vertical axis of the hinges or bearings.

E.1.3. To test closers installed on single-sided opening doors, it is necessary that the test door leaf be able to open manually to an angle of 180 ° and, using automatic drive means, to an opening angle in accordance with Figure E.2.

1 - possibility of opening at an angle of 180°

Figure E.2. Testing door closers for single-sided opening doors

To test swing door closers, the test door leaf shall be capable of being opened in both directions manually to an angle of at least 120° and by means of automatic actuating means to an opening angle in accordance with Figure E.3.

1 - possibility of opening to an angle of 120° in both directions

Figure D.3. Testing closers for swing doors

E.1.4. The device for testing closers for closing the door with overload must include a system consisting of a cable, blocks and a load, as shown in Figures E.1 and E.4. The weight of the load when testing the door, taking into account the overload, is given in table 3.

1 - door swivel support; 2 - cable for falling weights; 3 - test door with closer, open at 90°

Figure D.4. Device for testing closers with overload

The cable must be steel, with a diameter of 4 to 6 mm, and must be fastened as shown in Figure E.4.

Blocks must be at least 150 mm in diameter and have freely rotating ball or needle roller bearings.

The angle between the cable and the surface of the test door leaf when it is opened at an angle of 90° +/- 5° should be 30° +/- 5°, with the door fully closed - 90° +/- 5° (see Figure E.4) .

D.1.5. The stand shall be provided with means by which the test door, which is open at 90°, can be suddenly released, as well as means for securing falling loads, so that when the test door reaches an angle of 15° from the closed position, the load or traction cable does not prevent further closing of the test door. doors.

The opening and closing forces are measured with a dynamometer with an accuracy of at least class 2 according to GOST 9500 or another similar device. The actuating devices used in the reliability tests shall not prevent the return of the test door to the fully closed position.

D.1.6. Installation and fixing of the closer on the test door must be carried out in a position corresponding to the operating conditions.

D 2. Sampling

E.2.1. For testing closers, three samples are taken:

Sample A for testing closers for reliability and resistance to mechanical stress;

Sample B to determine the dependence of the main characteristics of closers on temperature (if necessary);

Corrosion test sample B (for door closers with adjustable closing force, sample B must be set to the minimum closing force).

E.2.2. If the closer under test has the function of adjusting the closing force, then two closers are used to test for failure-free operation and determine the dependence of the main characteristics of closers on temperature, one of which is set to the minimum and the other to the maximum closing force declared by the manufacturer.

D.3. Testing

E.3.1. Reliability and mechanical strength test (sample A)

E.3.1.1. Before testing, the closers are adjusted:

A) for complete closing of the door from an angle of 90° in 3 to 7 s;

B) for a smooth transition from the closing speed to the closing speed and for non-slamming closing of the door for door closers with the function of the final closing;

C) set or disable the opening damping function to the minimum action;

D) turn off the device for fixing the opening of closers or test a similar model of closers without an opening device.

D.3.1.2. The cycle of testing closers for failure-free operation for single-sided opening doors should include opening the door at an angle of 90 ° in 2–3 s and returning it to the closed position with the help of a closer.

D.3.1.3. The fail-safe test cycle for door closers for swing doors shall include alternating operations of opening the door through an angle of 90° and fully closing it with the help of a door closer in both directions.

E.3.1.4. The test to determine the moments of opening and closing is carried out after 5000 operating cycles and after the end of the tests for reliability.

E.3.1.4.1. The closing time adjusters are adjusted to the fully open position. The forces of opening and closing of closers are measured with a dynamometer located perpendicular to the surface of the test door leaf at the place where the handle is installed, by slowly (not faster than 1 ° / s) opening and closing of the test door.

D.3.1.4.2. The maximum closing force of the door is measured with a dynamometer when the door is in the open position at an angle of 0° to 4° and 88° to 90°. The average value of the determined parameter is calculated from the results of three measurements.

D.3.1.4.3. The maximum force of opening the door at an angle from 0 ° to 60 ° is measured with a dynamometer. The average value of the determined parameter is calculated from the results of three measurements.

E.3.1.4.4. Measure with a dynamometer the minimum force for fully closing the door from the largest opening angle declared by the manufacturer. The average value of the determined parameter is calculated from the results of three measurements.

D.3.1.4.5. The closing and opening moments of the closer M, N m, are calculated by the formula

M = F L, (D.1)

Where F is the closing or opening force of the door closer, measured by a dynamometer, N;

L - door width minus 70 mm (handle installation location), m.

The closing and opening moments in each range of door opening angles shall correspond to the values given in Table 1 for the tested door closer of each class.

D.3.1.4.6. The closer efficiency is defined as a percentage as the ratio of the average value of the maximum closing force at an angle of 0° to 4° to the average value of the maximum opening force at an angle of 0° to 4°.

The efficiency of the door closer shall correspond to the values given in Table 1 for the tested door closer of each class.

E.3.1.5. The door closing time is determined before the start of the tests, after 5000 operating cycles and after the end of the reliability tests.

After 5000 operating cycles according to 5.4.1 determine the possibility of setting the closing time of the tested door closer from an angle of 90°.

E.3.1.6. The test of closers with overload during closing is carried out after 5000 operating cycles and at the end of the reliability tests.

E.3.1.6.1. Testing closers by overloading the door when closing is carried out on a stand (see Figure D.1), provided with falling weights, a cable, means of fixing falling weights, when the door reaches an angle of 15 ° from the closed position and the door is fixed in the closed position.

A device for testing closers by overload is shown in Figure E.4.

E.3.1.6.2. Set the time for closing the door from an angle of 90°, equal to 10 s.

D.3.1.6.3. The test cycle involves holding the test door open at 90° with counterweight weights and then releasing it with the weights dropping. The number of test cycles is 10.

E.3.1.6.4. The maximum frictional force of the test door is measured with a dynamometer when it is closed from an angle of 90° under the action of loads and its average value is calculated.

The maximum friction force of the door when closing must correspond to the class of the door closer under test according to table 3.

E.3.1.7. Testing door closers with delayed closing function

D.3.1.7.1. The door closer is set to the maximum closing delay time.

E.3.1.7.2. When the door is closed from the 90° position, the force necessary to manually withdraw the test door from the delay zone (opening area of at least 65°) is measured with a dynamometer for a time of 2–5 s.

The average value of the determined parameter is calculated from the results of three measurements.

The torque required to override the delay manually must not exceed 150 Nm.

E.3.1.7.3. Using the setting knobs, make sure that at a temperature of 20 °C the closer has the ability to adjust the closing time of the test door from the 90° position to the end of the delay zone for at least 20 s.

E.3.1.8. After the fail-safe tests, the closing time, closing torque, efficiency, maximum closing time are re-checked and the closing overload test is carried out.

E.3.1.9. A block diagram of the testing procedure for closers is given in Appendix D.

E.3.2. Tests at extreme temperatures (sample B)

E.3.2.1. When determining the closing time under conditions of extreme temperatures (see 5.1.4), an assessment is made of the change in the time of complete closing of the door by the door closer from an angle of 90 °.

E.3.2.2. Before each test, the closer must be exposed to extreme temperatures for at least 8 hours. The average value of the door closing time by the closer at each given temperature is calculated from the results of three measurements carried out without adjusting the regulators.

E.3.2.3. The test is carried out in the following sequence:

Set the temperature of the door closer (20 +/- 1) °C and adjust it for smooth closing of the door from an angle of 90° for 5 s. Calculate the average value of the closing time; - set the temperature of the door closer to minus (15 +/- 1) ° C (and below) and, slowly opening the test door by 90 ° for at least 4 s, measure the time of complete closing of the door. Calculate the average closing time;

Without resetting the door closer regulators, set the door closer temperature to (40 +/- 1) °C and measure the time for the door to fully close from an angle of 90 °. Calculate the average value of the closing time.

The mean door closing time from a 90° angle under extreme temperatures shall not fall below 3 s and shall not exceed 25 s (see 5.1.3).

D.3.3. Corrosion resistance test (sample B)

Before testing for corrosion resistance, calculate the closing torques according to D.3.1.4.5, and after testing for corrosion resistance, no later than 24 hours later, calculate the closing torque according to D.3.1.4.5 again. After the corrosion test, the closing torque of the door closer shall be at least 80% of the torque calculated before the corrosion test.

At present, in Russia, state standards of the former USSR, adopted (or reissued) in 1987. The definition of an overhead closer is given in GOST 27346-87 “Lock and hardware products. Terms and Definitions". Requirements for closers are fully defined in GOST 5091-78 “Auxiliary hardware products for wooden windows and doors. Types". The only essential requirement for door closers, in accordance with current regulations, is the number of cycles of no-failure operation. But even this requirement is not consistent with the current regulatory framework for doors of various types and various fields of application.

Due to the backwardness of the current regulatory framework, experts in the field of door technology use the European standard EN1154 Controlled door closing devices. In April of this year, European Directive No. 2:2011 Controlled Door Closing Devices and Systems was issued, which sets out basic guidelines for the selection, installation and maintenance of door closers and equipment for fire doors and doors installed on escape routes. This directive was developed by the European union of lock and hardware associations ARGE, which brings together national associations in 16 European countries. These two documents will form the basis of a new interstate CIS standard for door closers and auxiliary systems, which will be developed in the near future.
In connection with the foregoing, in this article we will rely on the concepts and requirements that are defined in the current European regulations.

Types of door closers

The role of door closers in construction is extremely important - a door closer guarantees the correct closing of the door in the event of a fire, as well as in case of deterioration of external climatic conditions, serves to maintain the functionality of ventilation and air conditioning, etc. But at the same time, the door closer must ensure the comfort of the operation of the door itself, so that users, especially children and the elderly, can open the door without problems. It is these two functions that should be taken into account when choosing door closers - comfortable opening of the door and guaranteed closing of the door.
So what is a door closer in terms of European regulations?
Door closer is a generic term for various types of hydraulic operated mechanisms designed for controlled closing of doors with a stop and swing doors, which can be installed on / in the door structure, built into the floor or at the top of the opening. main destination door closer- to ensure the self-closing of the door, i.e. opened door must return to the closed position without human intervention, while the closing process must be hydraulically controlled.
There are currently various options installation of closers depending on the type of closer, type of door and internal structure of the door.

1. Overhead door closers with guide rail
With regard to installation options, sliding rail closers are universal - they can be installed both on the frame and on the door leaf, as well as on the hinge side and on the side opposite the hinge. The installation option is selected depending on the geometry and design of the leaf and door frame, as well as the direction of opening of the door, while taking into account the external attractiveness of the entire system. However, when choosing an installation option, it is necessary to check the permissible opening angle of the door, as some restrictions are possible.

2. Overhead door closers with link arm
The most widely encountered type of closers. However, there are a number of limitations regarding mounting options. In the standard version, only mounting on the sash on the hinge side and mounting on the frame on the side opposite the hinge side are possible. When choosing an installation option, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the door closer cannot be installed with outer side front door where it will be exposed to the environment.

3. Hidden overhead closers
As a rule, hidden closers are installed in the door leaf. However, frame mounting is also possible. Concealed door closers are generally used when high requirements are placed on the design of the door. In addition, the hidden mounting option provides closers of this type high level anti-vandal protection, as well as increased corrosion resistance. Leading manufacturers have in their product range hidden door closers for both hinged doors and hinged doors. Hidden overhead closers have a number of restrictions on the opening angle, as well as on the thickness of the door leaf.

Door closer is a generalized term for various types of hydraulic operated mechanisms designed for controlled closing of doors with a stop and swing doors, which can be installed on / in the door structure, built into the floor or in the upper part of the opening

4. Floor closers
Floor closers (door closers mounted in the floor) can be used for both swing and stop doors. This type of door closer is highly recommended for very heavy doors weighing up to 300 kg. Floor springs are widely used in combination with glass clamp fittings for all-glass doors. As well as floor closers, along with closers built into the upper part of the opening, are in many cases the only solution for swing doors.

Table 1. Classification of closers by closing force

Closer strength	Recommended max. width sash (mm)	Recommended weight sashes (kg)
1		20
2	850	40
3	950	60
4	1100	80
5	1250	100
6	1400	120
7	1600	160

5. Closers built into the upper part of the opening
By and large, closers of this type are similar in their functionality to floor closers. The main difference is that closers built into the upper part of the opening do not require additional floor preparation.

Main characteristics and comfort functions of door closers

The main characteristic of a closer is the closing force of the closer (sometimes the terms “closer size”, “closer force” or “closer force” are used). Table 1 shows the classification of door closers according to the closing force according to EN1154.
As we said above, the process of closing the door must be hydraulically controlled. Therefore, in the following, we will briefly review the main comfort functions of door closers (hydraulic functions of door closers).
1. Closing speed - adjustable speed at which the closer closes the door from the open position.
2. Final closing - adjustable speed with which the door closer closes the door at the last stage of the door movement (15°–0°) to the closed position.
3. Opening damping - safe deceleration (increase in resistance) of door opening to prevent uncontrolled opening of the door.
4. Closing delay - slowing down (braking) the closing of the door in a certain area, for example in the range of 90°–65° (in accordance with EN1154 recommendations).

Choice of door closers

The type of door closer is selected after analyzing all the conditions that affect the functioning and comfort of the door, based on the type and internal structure of the door. Many factors influence the correct choice of a door closer with a specific set of comfort functions and additional options. Below we will consider the main ones and define the basic rules for the correct choice of door closers.
1 area of use
a) Fire doors
Great care must be taken and special care must be taken when selecting door closers for fire doors and doors installed on escape routes.
A fire door is a structural element used to fill openings in fire barriers and prevent the spread of fire to adjoining premises for a specified time. A fire door is an essential element of a building's fire protection. In accordance with the technical regulation on the requirements fire safety (the federal law No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008), fire doors must have self-closing devices. At the same time, fire doors that can be operated in the open position must be equipped with devices that ensure their automatic closing in case of fire.
Evacuation exits are exits leading to an escape route, directly outside or to a safe area. In accordance with SP 1.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Escape routes and exits”, doors of stairwells, as well as doors of evacuation exits from rooms with forced smoke protection, including from corridors, must be equipped with devices for self-closing.
The type of closer for a fire door is determined in the technical documentation for the door. The fact is that when testing the door for fire resistance, in accordance with GOST R 53307-2009 “Building structures. Fire doors and gates. Test method for fire resistance", during testing, the samples must be completed and assembled in full accordance with the technical documentation.
As a rule, overhead closers with linkage are installed on fire doors, less often with sliding rails. But this is not a dogma. Some companies that produce fire doors special purpose or high-quality stainless steel doors, complete their products with hidden overhead door closers.
Door closers installed on fire doors cannot be equipped with mechanical locking devices - the elements for holding the door open must be connected to the fire protection system of the building and must ensure that the door closes in the event of a fire. To hold the door open during normal use, external electromagnetic devices, slide rail closers with electromechanical detent, or link arm/slide rail closers with electrohydraulic detent can be used. In practice, electromagnetic devices are widely used, as well as closers with a sliding bar with electromechanical fixation.
It should also be noted that double-leaf doors with an emphasis must be equipped with devices for coordinating the closing of the door. Closing sequence function for double doors ensures the correct closing sequence - the inactive leaf closes first, and then the active leaf. This function is implemented as follows: the active leaf is held open in the waiting position until the inactive leaf is completely closed, after which it closes.
Devices for coordinating door closing are divided into 4 main groups:
- integrated into door closers;
- integrated into door closers with electrical fixation;
- hidden door coordinators;
- external door coordinators.
In practice, external door coordinators are commonly used in combination with link arm overhead door closers. But in recent times More and more modern systems are being used in accordance with European standards - systems consisting of two overhead door closers with sliding rails with integrated closing sequence coordination.
b) Entrance doors
In accordance with GOST 24698-81 dated 01.01.1984 “Wooden exterior doors for residential and public buildings. Types, design and dimensions", entrance and vestibule doors must be equipped with door closes to protect against mechanical damage, reduce noise and heat loss. When choosing closers for the front door, there are 2 main factors to consider. Firstly, the closer should only be installed on the inside of the door, and, as a rule, it is installed on the frame. Secondly, the closer must have an opening damping function.
c) Doors for special populations
Special (limited mobility) groups of the population include the disabled, people with temporary health problems, pregnant women, the elderly, children, people with prams, etc. To create a full-fledged architectural environment that provides the necessary level of accessibility of buildings and structures for all groups of the population and their unhindered use, in accordance with SP 35-101-2001 “Design of buildings and structures, taking into account accessibility for people with limited mobility. General Provisions”, there are additional requirements for the maximum force when opening the door - no more than 25 N. Also, the width of the door must be at least 900 mm. Only modern door closers from leading European manufacturers with high efficiency meet such stringent requirements.
In some cases, for example, for the unhindered passage of a person in a wheelchair, the door closer must have the function of slowing down closing in a given range for a given period of time (0–30 seconds).

Due to the backwardness of the current regulatory framework, experts in the field of door technology use the European standard EN1154 Controlled door closing devices. In April of this year, the European directive No.2:2011 Controlled Door Closing Devices and Systems was issued, which sets out the basic guidelines for the selection, installation and maintenance of door closers and equipment for fire doors and doors installed on escape routes. This directive was developed by the European Union of Lock and Hardware Associations ARGE, which brings together national associations in 16 European countries. These 2 documents will form the basis of the new interstate CIS standard for door closers and auxiliary systems, which will be developed in the near future

2. Door width and weight
After choosing the required type of door closer with a given set of comfort functions for specific operating conditions and installation options, it is necessary to determine and correctly set the force of the door closer for a given door width in accordance with table 1 above in this article. It should be noted the following important factors, influencing the choice of closer, depending on the width and weight of the door. The sash width shown in the table is based on standard conditions. In the case of tall or heavy leaves, high wind loads, high pressure differences between inside and outside air, and other additional limiting conditions, a closer with a higher force must be used.
The recommended door weight does not limit the maximum allowable door weight for a particular closer strength - the recommended leaf weight is used for testing purposes. The maximum allowable sash weight is determined in the manufacturer's documentation. For example, there are closers with EN7 force for leaves up to 2000 mm wide and weighing up to 350 kg.

Ilya Konanov, Product Manager, GECE GmbH,
e-mail: [email protected]

FOR TECHNICAL REGULATION AND METROLOGY

NATIONAL

STANDARD

RUSSIAN

FEDERATION

DOOR CLOSING DEVICES (CLOSERS)

Specifications

EN 1154:1996 (NEQ)

Official edition

Stamdartininform

GOST P 56177-2014

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the Center for Certification of Window and Door Equipment (CS ODT) with the participation of GEZE (Germany)

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TK465 "Construction"

3 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Order No. 1357-st of October 21, 2014 of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

4 This standard complies with European regional standard EN 1154:1996 Construction equipment. Controlled door closing devices. Requirements and test methods" (EN 1154:1996 "Building hardware - Controlled doorclosing devices - Requirements and test methods", NEQ) in terms of technical requirements and test methods

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

The rules for the application of this standard are established in GOST R 1.0-2012 (section 8). Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index "National Standards", and the official text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, uvv-domlenie and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (gost.ru)

This standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

End of table 4

6.5 Periodic tests are carried out on two samples that have passed acceptance control.

6.6 In case of a negative result of periodic tests for at least one indicator of at least one sample, repeated tests of a double number of samples are carried out for the indicator that showed a negative result.

6.7 If the results of repeated tests are unsatisfactory, it is considered that the samples did not pass the periodic tests.

6.8 Certification tests of closers are recommended to be carried out in the scope of periodic tests.

6.9 Tilt tests of closers are carried out after changes are made to the design, materials or manufacturing technology to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of the changes made.

The scope of type tests is determined by the nature of the changes made.

Type tests are subjected to door closers that have passed acceptance control.

6.10 Qualification tests of closers are carried out for all indicators when putting products into production.

6.11 Certification and periodic tests are carried out in test centers (laboratories). accredited for the right to test closers.

6.12 Each batch of closers must be accompanied by a quality document (passport). The composition of the quality document - according to GOST 538.

6.13 Acceptance of closers by the consumer does not release the manufacturer from liability in case of detection of hidden defects that led to a violation of the operational characteristics of the closers during the warranty period.

7 Control methods

7.1 Compliance of materials and components of closers with the requirements of regulatory documents (ND) is established by comparing the indicators given in the accompanying documents. with the requirements of ND for materials and components.

7.2 The dimensions of the closers and the maximum deviations of the dimensions are determined with a caliper according to GOST 166. micrometer according to GOST 6507, and also use software methods for controlling the technological process of manufacturers.

7.3 The appearance of closers, completeness, marking, packaging are visually checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard. GOST 538. design documentation, standard sample.

7.4 The quality of coatings is checked in accordance with GOST 538. adhesion of coatings - according to GOST 15140, corrosion resistance of coatings - according to GOST 9.308 and GOST 9.401.

GOST R 56177-2014

1 Scope ...............................................................1

3 Terms and definitions...............................................2

4 Classification and conventions....................................................3

5 Specifications....................................................4

6 Acceptance rules...............................................7

7 Control methods....................................................8

8 Transport and storage...............................................9

9 Mounting instructions....................................................9

10 Maintenance instructions...............................................9

11 Manufacturer's Warranty...............................................9

Annex A (informative) Types of door closers and doors ..................................10

Annex B (mandatory) Requirements for closers intended for use

in anti-smoke/anti-smoke door designs.......................12

Annex B (informative) An example of the design of the closer and the scheme of its operation ........... 13

Annex D (mandatory) Program and methodology for testing closers for reliability. . 16

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

DOOR CLOSING DEVICES (CLOSERS) Specifications

Controlled door closing devices (door closers). Specifications

Introduction date - 2015-01-01

1 area of use

This International Standard can be used to certify products.

This standard uses normative references to the following standards:

GOST 9.308-85 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. Accelerated Corrosion Test Methods

GOST 9.401-91 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint coatings. General requirements and accelerated test methods for resistance to climatic factors

GOST 166-89 (ISO 3599-76) Calipers. Specifications GOST 538-2001 Lock and hardware items. General specifications GOST 1050-88 Rolled bars, calibrated with a special surface finish from quality carbon structural steel. General specifications GOST 1583-93 Cast aluminum alloys. Specifications GOST 4784-97 Aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys. Grades GOST 5949-75 Sectional and calibrated corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant steel. Specifications

GOST 6507-90 Micrometers. Specifications

GOST 9389-75 Carbon steel spring wire. Specifications GOST 9500-84 Exemplary portable dynamometers. General technical requirements GOST 15140-78 Paint and varnish materials. Methods for determining adhesion

Official edition

GOST 15150-69 Machinery, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of operation, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of environmental climatic factors

GOST 15527-2004 Copper-zinc alloys (brass), processed by pressure. Stamps

GOST 21996-76 Cold-rolled heat-treated steel strip. Specifications

GOST 24670-81 Bolts, screws and screws. Radii under the head

GOST 25140-93 Zinc casting alloys. Stamps

GOST 30893.1-2002 (ISO 2768-1-89) Basic standards of interchangeability. General tolerances. Limit deviations of linear and angular dimensions with unspecified tolerances

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If an undated referenced reference standard has been replaced, it is recommended that the current version of that standard be used, taking into account any changes made to that version. If the reference standard to which the dated reference is given is replaced, then it is recommended to use the version of this standard with the year of approval (acceptance) indicated above. If, after the adoption of this standard, a change is made to the referenced standard to which a dated reference is given, affecting the provision to which the reference is given, then this provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision. in which a link to it is given, it is recommended to apply in the part that does not affect this link.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:

3.1 device for controlled closing of doors (closer): A hydraulic mechanism designed for self-closing or controlled closing of doors with a stop and swing doors, which can be installed on / in the door structure, built into the floor or in the upper part of the opening.

3.2 overhead door closer: A door closer installed openly at the top of the door, on the door leaf or door frame.

3.3 overhead mortise closer: A closer installed in the thickness of the door leaf or in the thickness of the door frame.

3.4 bottom-mounted closer (concealed): A closer installed in the floor.

3.5 door closer for pendulum yard

3.6 swing yard door closer

3.7 single door block: A structure consisting of a frame rigidly fixed in the doorway with one door leaf hung on hinges.

3.8 double door block: A structure consisting of a frame rigidly fixed in the doorway with two door leafs hung on hinges.

3.9 active leaf: The leaf of a two-leaf (swing) door block, which opens first and closes last.

3.10 no-active leaf: The leaf of a two-leaf (swing) door unit that opens last and closes first.

3.11 yard width: The maximum clearance for the width of the door leaf.

3.12 opening torque force applied by the user to open a door with a closer. while accumulating potential energy.

3.13 closing moment: The force developed by the closer due to the use of the stored energy necessary to close the door.

3.14 dampening of opening: Safe deceleration (increase in resistance) of door opening to prevent uncontrolled opening of the door.

3.15 closing delay: A built-in function that allows you to delay the start of closing the door for a specified time, after which the controlled closing of the door continues.

3.16 closer closing force: The value of the closing moment generated by the closer.

GOST R 56177-2014

3.17 hold-open: A built-in function that allows a door fitted with a closer to remain open at a predetermined or selected angle until it is mechanically (electromechanically) released.

3.18 electrical hold-open: A built-in function that allows the door to be held open at any given angle by means of an electrical interlock.

3.19 adjustable closing force: Built-in function that allows you to adjust the closing moment in the entire range of closing force of the door closer.

3.20 Efficiency: The ratio of the maximum opening force applied by the user to the door to the maximum closing force of the door, expressed as a percentage.

3.21 closing speed: The speed at which the door closer closes the door from the open position.

3.22 speed control: A built-in function that allows you to adjust the speed of closing the door.

3.23 final closing: The function of additional control of the closing speed of the door in the last few degrees to overcome the resistance of external factors and individual elements of the door (locking devices, seals), as well as wind and other loads.

3.24 test cycle: A cycle that includes forced opening of the door by 90 5 from a fully closed state and subsequent closing of the door using a door closer.

4 Classification and conventions

4.1 Closers subdivide:

By purpose (number of classification feature 1) for the following types:

DN - overhead overhead for swing doors.

DV - mortise top location for swing doors,

DP - lower location, installed in the floor.

DM - for a pendulum door.

DF - with an additional function (additional shock absorption of opening):

Depending on the size and weight of the door leaf (number of the classification feature 2) into the classes given in table 1;

Table 1

door	Closing moment				Maximum opening torque between 0" and 60'. N	The minimum efficiency of the door closer is between 0" and 4\ K>
door	Between 0" and 4"		Between 88" and 90" m. min.	Any other maximum opening angle, N s
	minimum. N m	maximum. N m	Between 88" and 90" m. min.	Any other maximum opening angle, N s

By reliability (number of classification feature 3) into classes:

For use in fire doors (classification feature number 4) into classes:

0 - the closer is not applicable.

1 - the closer is applicable;

By application in various climatic conditions (number of classification feature 5) for types:

H - used under normal climatic conditions (at temperatures from minus 15 ° C to plus 40 ° C).

M - used under climatic conditions with temperatures below minus 15 ° C.

According to corrosion resistance (number of classification feature 6) into classes:

1 - high durability.

2 - moderate durability.

3 - weak resistance.

4.2 Closers of various types and types of doors for which it is recommended to use closers are given in Appendix A.

4.3 Symbol

The symbol of closers should include:

Product name;

Number of classification feature;

Numerical and alphabetic designations of types, types and classes, depending on the classification features given in 4.1;

Designation of this standard.

The structure of the symbol for closers is shown in Table 2.

table 2

An example of a symbol for an overhead door closer with an additional latching function for swing doors, class 2 depending on the size and weight of the door leaf, class 1 for failure-free operation, not used in fire doors, used in normal climatic conditions, class 2 for corrosion resistance:

Closer							GOST R 56177-2014
							GOST R 56177-2014

For export-import deliveries, it is allowed to use the product designations accepted from the supplier and specified in the agreement (contract).

5 Technical requirements

5.1 General

5.1.1 Closers must comply with the requirements of GOST 538. of this standard and be manufactured according to the design and technological documentation for closers of a particular type.

5.1.2 The requirements that establish the dependence of the main characteristics of door closers of each class (closing moment, opening moment. Efficiency) on the dimensions and weight of the door leaf are given in Table 1.

5.1.3 The closer must allow setting the door closing time from the open position to an angle of 90 ° in the range of up to 3 s or less after 5000 operating cycles for closing the door and 20 s or more after 500,000 operating cycles for closing the door.

After 500,000 door closer cycles, the door closing time set after 5,000 cycles must not increase by more than 100% or decrease by more than 30%.

GOST R 56177-2014

5.1.4 When door closers are used in extreme temperatures, the door closing time from an angle of 90°. equal to 5 s at an external temperature of 20 “C. should not increase by more than 25 s at a temperature of minus 15 °C and below, or decrease by less than 3 s at a temperature of 40 °C.

5.1.5 Closers must withstand overload when closing the door from an angle of 90 e. The weight of the load and the maximum friction of the door leaf depending on the class of the closer (see table 1) are given in table 3.

Table 3

5.1.6 The amount of swing (backlash) of new closers of pendulum doors relative to the zero position should not exceed 3 mm. after 500,000 operating cycles - no more than 6 mm.

5.1.7 Closers intended for use in internal doors are tested for corrosion resistance for at least 96 h (class 3).

5.1.8 Door closers intended for use in external doors, as well as built into the floor. tested for corrosion resistance for at least 240 h (class 2).

5.1.9 Closers intended for use in external doors or built into the floor in buildings located in climatic zones T and M according to GOST 15150 (tropical, humid and marine climate), as well as on the doors of sea and river vessels, must have a high corrosive resistance (class 1) and tested for at least 360 hours.

5.1.10 After testing for corrosion resistance in a salt fog chamber, closers must remain operational.

5.1.11 After testing the closer assembly for corrosion resistance in a salt fog chamber, the closing torque must be at least 80% of the torque measured before the test.

5.1.12 To ensure safety requirements in case of fire, fire/smoke door closers as an independent product or as part of a complete door structure must have additional requirements specified in Appendix B.

5.1.13 Appearance of closers: color, permissible surface defects (risks, scratches, etc.) must correspond to standard samples approved by the head of the manufacturer.

5.1.14 Electrically controlled door closers must be safe to operate. Electric drives and other electrical components included in closers must comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations "On the safety of low-voltage equipment". In the case of delivery from abroad, closers must bear the CE marking.

5.2 Dimensions and tolerances

The dimensions of the closers are set in the working drawings, the controlled dimensions are in the technical documentation of the manufacturer.

Limit deviations of matched and non-matched dimensions - according to GOST 538.

Limit deviations of the controlled dimensions of the body of closers after machining must be at least class 7 according to GOST 30893.1.

5.3 Design requirements

5.3.1 The design of overhead closers should provide:

The possibility of opening the door at least 90 e (in each direction);

Adjustment of the duration of closing the door open at 90°. within 2 to 5 s:

The opening angle of the door according to its class, and when closing the door control with

opening angle of at least 70° to the closed position;

Regulation of the position of the door in the closed state relative to the plane of symmetry of the adjacent door leaf or adjacent enclosing structure within * 1

Reliable fixation of the door in the extreme closed and open positions.

5.3.2 Closers with additional built-in functions must comply with the following requirements:

a) ensure that the door opening is slowed down until it reaches the 90 e position (opening damping function);

b) ensure the closing time of the door from an angle of 90* to the end of the delay zone (opening angle of at least 65°) for at least 20 s at a temperature of 20 °C (closing delay function). The torque required to override the delay manually must not exceed 150 Nm;

c) comply with the requirements given in 5.1 at the minimum and maximum closing force settings declared by the manufacturer (closing force setting function).

d) provide accelerated closing of the door at the final stage from an angle of 15 ° (final door pop function).

5.3.3 Controls for additional functions should be hidden and activated using a special tool.

5.3.4 The design of the door closer must provide free access to the door closer mechanism to regulate its operation without dismantling the door leaf.

5.3.5 The design of the closer must be airtight throughout the entire period of operation. i.e. exclude the possibility of leakage from it of the working fluid intended for the operation of the closer mechanisms.

5.3.6 An example of the design and operation of the closer is given in Appendix B.

5.4 Requirements for reliability (reliability)

5.4.1 Closers must withstand without fail not less than:

1,000,000 closing cycles - bottom door closers (class 1):

500,000 closing cycles - overhead door closers (class 2):

250,000 closing cycles - closers for pendulum and internal doors (class 3).

5.4.2 Closing moments of closers, measured after 5000 and 500000 operating cycles, must have values not less than those indicated in Table 1 for specific classes of closers.

5.4.3 The maximum moment of opening the door, measured after 5000 operating cycles, should not exceed the values given in table 1 for closers of specific classes.

5.4.4 If the actual size and weight of the door leaf refers to closers of two classes according to Table 1 or if closers are used in non-standard conditions (high wind loads, special installation methods, etc.). a higher class closer should be used.

5.5 Requirements for materials and components

5.5.1 Materials used for the manufacture of closers and accessories for them. must be resistant to climatic influences and have a protective and protective-decorative coating in accordance with GOST 538.

5.5.2 For the manufacture of closers, the following are used:

Steel according to GOST 1050. GOST 5949;

Zinc alloys according to GOST 25140;

Zinc-aluminum alloys according to GOST 4784;

Aluminum alloys according to GOST 1583;

Copper-zinc alloys (brass) according to GOST 15527.

5.5.3 Springs of closers must be made of steel wire according to GOST 9389 or steel tape according to GOST 21996.

5.5.4 Requirements for protective and protective and decorative coatings of closers are established in GOST 538.

5.5.5 To fasten closers and their elements to frames and door leafs, self-tapping screws (screws) should be used in accordance with GOST 24670. with anti-corrosion coating.

GOST P 56177-2014

5.6 Completeness

5.6.1 Closers must be supplied to the consumer as a set in accordance with the design documentation of the manufacturer.

5.6.2 Each batch of closers must be accompanied by instructions for installation, operation and maintenance, as well as a passport and other accompanying documentation, made in the language of the country of the consumer.

5.6.3 The attached instructions should contain requirements for the conditions for the use of closers, limiting the opening angle, and also determine the force of opening and closing closers when used in buildings and structures for various purposes.

5.7 Marking and packaging

5.7.1 Each door closer, as well as separately supplied components, must be marked with the following:

a) the name and trade mark of the manufacturer or other means of identification:

b) closer model (typical class, type):

c) symbol in accordance with 4.3;

d) year and month of manufacture;

e) the designation of this standard.

For components that do not have a place to place complete information, information on listing a) is mandatory.

The markings on recessed door closers must be clearly visible after removing the cover plate.

5.7.2 Product packaging - according to GOST 538. Marking on packaging containers (boxes, boxes) must be made in the language of the consumer country.

5.7.3 Additional requirements for labeling and packaging, if necessary, may be established in the supply contract.

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 Acceptance of closers is carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard and GOST 538.

Closers accept in batches. When accepted by the manufacturer, a batch is considered to be the number of closers of the same name, manufactured during one shift and issued with one quality document.

A batch is also considered the number of closers of the same design, manufactured according to one order.

6.2 Compliance of the quality of closers with the requirements of this standard is confirmed by:

Incoming control of materials and components;

Operational production control;

Acceptance control and periodic testing;

certification tests;

Type and qualification tests.

6.3 The procedure for conducting incoming and operational production control at workplaces is established in the technological documentation of the manufacturer.

6.4 Acceptance quality control and periodic testing of closers is carried out in accordance with table 4. The plan and procedure for conducting acceptance control is in accordance with GOST 538.

Table 4 - Acceptance control and periodic testing

The door closer is a device that automatically closes the sash.

Everything happens silently and smoothly. There are many variations of such mechanisms.

But in order to choose the right door closer, you need to know the technical characteristics of the devices offered on the modern market and be able to choose best option for a particular door system.

GOST 5091 introduces a variety of devices. The main criterion on which the characteristics of closers are based is the effort applied when closing the door.

According to the 5091 standard, all door closers are conditionally divided into 7 classes:

EN1. Installed on a sash 75 cm wide and weighing up to 20 kg.
EN2. The device is ideal for a web with a width of 85 cm and a weight of up to 40 kg.
EN3. The devices are installed on a sash, the width of which is 95 cm, and the weight is up to 60 kg.
EN4. The device is used for canvases 110 cm wide and weighing up to 80 kg.
EN5. Install such devices on doors 125 cm wide and weighing up to 100 kg.
EN6. Devices of this class are equipped with doors 140 cm wide and weighing up to 120 kg.
EN7. These mechanisms are ideal for canvases 160 cm wide and weighing up to 160 kg.

According to GOST 5091, the forces applied when closing the door leaf are measured in Nm (Newtonometers). The certificate for products released by the manufacturer contains indicators in Nm. At the same time, both single-class models (Nm is specifically indicated) and adjustable versions are produced, where it is possible to adjust the forces applied to open the structure.

In addition, GOST 5091 characterizes closers taking into account their temperature operating range. The fact is that oil is used to lubricate the structure, changing its viscosity under the influence of temperature. For outdoor structures on which the door closer is installed, it is recommended to use frost-resistant devices where low-temperature oil is used, as well as special oil seals. The issued certificate contains all of this information.

In addition, according to the 5091 standard, another feature that is paid attention to when choosing a door mechanism is the transmission of torque.

What is a door closer

Taking into account this criterion, the following devices are distinguished (the certificate also contains this feature of the product):

Knee or lever.
The peculiarity of this door mechanism is that it consists of two interconnected axes, which, when the door leaf is opened, bend at the knee. Such a device is durable, as well as the duration of the operational period. However, he also has a drawback - the unsatisfactory security of the mechanism: he often becomes a victim of vandals.
Outdoor.
This device is ideal for shops, offices and other public places.
A mechanism in the design of which a sliding channel is provided.
The principle of operation of such a closer: the end of its lever moves along a special channel.
Frame.
Works in the same way as the floor unit. The only difference between them is that this device is mounted on the door frame.

Features of the choice of mechanism

When choosing a closer, first of all, the mass and width of the door are taken into account: the wider and heavier the canvas, the higher the class of the installed device should be (GOST 5091 reflects these nuances). However, if the sash width is more than 160 cm, the installation of this device is not recommended.

In addition, when choosing this mechanism, pay attention to the speed of closing the door system. There is no unambiguous criterion for evaluating this indicator. So, for example, for fire door systems, devices with a high closing speed are chosen, and for home use (especially if there are small children or elderly people at home), the choice is made in favor of slow closing. For public places, it is better to purchase a device with an opening braking function (this will protect the sash from hitting the wall).

AT medical institutions it is better to install a device with the function of fixing the door in the open position. A product certificate acquaints a potential buyer with certain additional features that the proposed product has.

And yet, a certificate for products sold is a guarantee that the purchased product is of high quality. Therefore, when choosing a device, it is recommended to ask about the availability of a certificate. This is the only way to be sure that the selected device will serve properly for many years.

Apecs has updated its range of 2.0 series door closers. This is due to changes in the certification process. The application of the new standard makes it possible to more accurately determine the class of the door closer. Thus, each buyer will be able to choose a closer that fits exactly to his door.

Up to this point, the nomenclature used the traditional method for the Russian market to indicate the effort of the closer - each model corresponded to a certain range of door leaf weights. It is these ranges that were reflected in the nomenclature of the door closer, for example, in the 2.0 series: DC-2x / 25-45, / 40-65, / 60-80, 80-100, 100-120.

This tradition has clear historical roots. Because we are talking about closers of Chinese origin, and Chinese manufacturers are mainly focused on the US market. In the United States, the American standard ANSI/BHMA A156.4 was used to determine the requirements for door closers, which is based on the weight of the door.

ANSI - American National Standards Institute

BHMA – Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association

The Chinese standard for closers is based on it. Therefore, door closer factories in China mainly use the weight of the door to describe their models. Russian companies have also followed this principle.

However, this approach is not entirely correct. Obviously, the force required by the door closer to close the door depends not only on the weight of the door, but also on the location of the closer on the door (the farther from the hinge line, the easier it is to close the door), and the weight distribution of the door in the doorway (the wider canvas, the harder it is to close the door).

European manufacturers of door closers are guided by a different principle of product classification. The priority parameter for dividing closers into classes here is the width of the door leaf, and weight is of secondary importance. This principle is described by the standard - EN 1154.

On January 1, 2015, a new standard "GOST R 56177-2014. Door closing devices (closers).

For reference, the full title of the new GOST:

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

DOOR CLOSING DEVICES (CLOSERS)

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

Controlled door closing devices (door closers).

Specifications

EN 1154:1996

GOST R 56177-2014

Introduction date

Foreword

1. Developed by the Institution "Certification Center for Window and Door Equipment" (CS ODT) with the participation of "GEZE" (Germany).

2. Introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction".

3. Approved and put into effect by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated October 21, 2014 N 1357-st.

4. This standard complies with the European regional standard EN 1154:1996 "Building hardware - Controlled doorclosing devices - Requirements and test methods", NEQ) in terms of technical requirements and test methods.

5. Introduced for the first time.

The new Russian standard fully complies European standard EN 1154, which European companies are guided by, including those supplying door closers to the Russian market.

In accordance with the new GOST in the nomenclature closers Apecs the width of the door leaf has been added. This also allows you to separate closers of different forces that are within the same EN (Class according to GOST).

Now in the nomenclature of Apecs closers we can read:

The presence (or absence) of built-in fixation;

Lever type included;

· Colour.

The advantage of this approach was the great variability and accuracy in the selection of the door closer. If you are guided by only one parameter - the weight of the door, then you often had to buy a door closer of obviously greater power than would be required when taking into account the width of the door leaf. If it became necessary to install a door closer on a door that has been in operation for a long time (for example, the entrance door of a residential building), then determining its width with a tape measure is much easier than weight, since for this the door would have to be removed. Thus, the application of the GOST R 56177-2014 standard greatly facilitates the acquisition of such an important part for a long and high-quality operation of a door as a door closer.

The maximum parameters are determined by the closer device and are recommended by the manufacturer along with the installation diagram on the door leaf.

The picture shows the decoding of the nomenclature: