The correct angle of sharpening of a knife for a planer and the features of the work.
An electric plane serves as an indispensable tool in the construction and repair of a house, as in any power tool, there are expendable materials... In an electric planer, knives are consumables, with the help of which the tree is processed. As a rule, knives are double-sided, in a set of 2 pieces. Remember: if the plane removes chips poorly, and your knives are dull, then it's time to change them. But in this case, it is worth making a reservation that some of them are simply subject to sharpening. To do this, you need to know how to set the electric planer knives after sharpening, and how to carry out the knife sharpening procedure itself.
Electric planer knives
The knives are mounted on a rotating drum of an electric planer and are designed to remove the top layer of material during the planing procedure wooden products... If the tool has 1 cutting edge or 2. The last blades are called rotary blades because their position easily changes if one side becomes dull. Electric planer knives are made from tool steel or tungsten carbide. The first ones can be re-sharpened.
Blades in shape are: straight - used for sampling quarters and planing narrow parts; rounded - intended for processing wide areas, because they make the transitions more accurate between the planing lines; wavy - curly knives for an electric plane are suitable for imitating "aged" surfaces.
Before using the electric planer, it is recommended to check every time that the blades are installed correctly. Their cutting edge should barely protrude outward and be parallel to the sole of the planer. To determine how the knife is adjusted, lift the tool to eye level with the sole up.
On average, the cutting edge of the knife should protrude above the sole by 0.5 millimeters. For a scherhebel, which is intended for the initial rough planing, the cutting edge should be extended by at least 1 millimeter. It is very easy to adjust the position of the knife. Turn sequentially left and right the small and large adjusting screws located behind the platform for the electric planer knife until the cutting edge is in the desired position.
Then place the knife in the electric plane and fix the position with the centering lever and the screw on the top plate. With a new electric planer, as a rule, the position of the knife has already been adjusted. However, after prolonged use, the setting will go astray. Therefore, if you are using the plane after a long break, you need to first check if everything is so. Do not start right away with a freshly adjusted electric plane without trying it out on an unnecessary board.
Classification of knives for electric planer
Also, the knives for the electric planer are divided by size. If you have an imported plane, for example, from Black & Dekker or Skil, then there are traditional 82 mm knives, they are popularly called "plates". From inexpensive and high quality we can recommend knives made of carbon steel by the manufacturer "Zubr". These knives are suitable for most foreign planers, even for professional Bosch and Makita electric tools.
Exact dimensions: length 82 millimeters, width 5.5 millimeters and thickness 1.2 millimeters. On sale you can find knives from different manufacturers and the price in this case depends on the company in the first place. If you buy Boshevsky, then the cost will be 2 times higher than that of simple household ones - Bison, Styer, Fit, Matrix. Of course, the difference in quality will be quite noticeable.
There are knives that are specially designed for some models of electric planers. For the popular planes Interskol and Baikal special knives are intended, they are wider than the "plates" and thicker. They are stronger, and when you hit a knot or a nail while working with an electric plane, the knife will not break, and the notch will easily be removed on the emery.
The width of these knives is always about 1 centimeter, they differ significantly from others. These knives for electric planers come in different lengths: 82 and 102 millimeters, for different models of Baikal and Interskol. If these knives are dull, you can always sharpen them yourself. Unlike thin ones, they can be sharpened on emery if you have sufficient sharpening skills and the ability to withstand the plane.
Well, the third type of knives for electric planers is wide and thick, with holes for fastening. They are very specific and are only suitable for certain models, for example, for the Rebir planers, which have a power of 2000 watts. These knives are very thick and powerful, with a width of up to 110 millimeters.
Change of electric planer knives
The highest requirements are imposed on the knives of the electric planer. The fact that they are dull can be easily determined by eye. To do this, look at the chamfer of the piece of iron and rotate it around the cutting edge. The cutting edge is dull if a shiny thread-like strip appears at the end of the chamfer in some position. The angle of sharpening of the electric planer knife should be close to 30 degrees.
Today there are knives for electric planers using a rotary cutter. If one of these knife blades is dull, then it is customary to turn the knife over for the first time, and the next time to replace it with a new sharp knife.
The knives for the electric planer are installed in a knife holder, which is located in a tapered transverse groove and clamped with three nuts. The height of the knives is adjusted by two screws located at the edges. To get the knife out of the knife holder, loosen the nuts, tighten the screws to the end of the screws, which will help to push the knife holder out of the slot.
After that, you need to pick up a drift that is suitable for the thickness of the knife, and using it, knock the knife out of the knife holder in the transverse direction. Next, turn the knife over or take a new one if the old one is unusable, and carefully drive it into place, placing it on the side. Make sure that the knife goes into the knife holder strictly parallel to it.
Having put new knives on the electric plane, they should be adjusted in height with screws and tightened with nuts. At the same time, it is recommended to set the same gap for both knives, otherwise the shaft will be unbalanced.
Editing on a touchstone
When planing, reach good quality the treated surface is possible only when using a sharp knife in the plane. If the cutting edge is a little dull and has no chipping, then it will turn out to be sharpened by dressing. It is recommended to grind dull or serrated knives on grinding wheel.
When grinding a knife on a grinding wheel, it is freely placed on a flat supporting surface or clamped into a slide. When grinding, the piece of iron must be moved along the grinding disc from side to side. Due to friction, in this case, the parts are heated. Therefore, it is necessary to apply moderate pressure when processing the product so that the cutting edge does not lose its hardness and does not turn blue.
The electric planer knife must be straightened after grinding. Only through this manipulation will he receive the desired spice. For manual adjustment electric planer knives use artificial or natural bars called donkeys. The piece of iron can be straightened by machine on a lapping disk.
On Belgian whetstones, dressing can only be done with the addition of water. On Arkansas bars, on the other hand, a mixture of oil and kerosene is used for dressing. Artificial donkeys come with at different levels grinding. Many have coarse and fine grained sides.
The coarse side is for pre-dressing and the fine side is for fine dressing. You can use a mixture of oils or water to dress knives on artificial donkeys. On a dry bar, it is impossible to edit in any case, because the blade will lose hardening (release) and will become dull. The bar must be washed from time to time so that the touchstone does not get greasy.
When editing, the chamfer is well abutted against the block and is driven crosswise until it becomes as shiny as a mirror, and all burrs disappear. The front side of the piece of iron is driven only down and up along the touchstone, and the procedure for correcting it in time lasts less.
The lapping disc lapping is made of artificial material, which contains a fine abrasive agent. With these discs, you can machine the blades for electric planers.
Sharpening electric planer knives
Before the procedure for replacing the knives of the electric planer, you first need to determine the need for it. It is easy to find out: if the electric plane passes through the workpiece worse than before, then you need to start regrinding its knives. Also, remember that dull knives can increase the risk of the machine being kicked off when hitting hard areas of wood, such as knots.
The first step in sharpening an electric planer knife is to place an abrasive stone in water for a few minutes. The stone must absorb as much moisture as possible. This helps to avoid excessive dust formation and improves the quality of the electric plane sharpening. When sharpening the knives, it is important to ensure that they touch the abrasive stone at the same angle at all times.
The second stage is to fix the knives in a special block. To sharpen a knife for an electric planer with high quality, it is customary to use a special device, which will help to avoid violations of the geometry or balancing of the knives. Loosen the two nuts that secure the jaw clamping plate and insert the knives all the way into the electric planer knife sharpener. Then tighten the locking nuts again. Make sure that the cutting edges of the knives are in the same plane.
The third step is the sharpening process itself. Sharpening of knives for an electric planer must be done using a special technology. The steel on the re-sharpened knives is of such high quality that it allows you to sharpen the knives well and make them as sharp as a razor. However, make sure that the balance of the knives is not disturbed. Since two knives are used in the electric planer, the issue of balancing is strict.
The straightness of the blade during sharpening is checked using any straight surface. The chamfer width should be exactly the same over the entire length of the blade. Knives are usually sharpened with a hand sharpener. It is recommended to sharpen so much in time until the finest burrs appear on the blade, which are difficult to distinguish by eye. Make sure that the chamfer is smooth, without concavities or bulges. Burrs must be removed. To do this, when sharpening the knives of the electric planer, the knife is placed flat on the back of the block and is carried out several times over it.
Assembly of electric planer knives
After sharpening the knife, first connect it to the blade. It should protrude 3 millimeters beyond the edge of the lining. Fully assemble the tool, adjust the correct position of the knife so that its edge protrudes beyond the edge of the platform, as expected, by 0.5 millimeters. Connect the knife and the plate with one screw. Loosen the screw, turn the knife 90 degrees and separate the parts.
First, place the knife on the block with a chamfer and move it in this position back and forth under acute angle 30 degrees. When will arise on cutting edge burrs, turn the knife over, place flat on a block and move back and forth to remove the burrs. The edge of the knife should protrude 3 millimeters beyond the edge of the lining. The screw that holds the pad and the knife together must be tightened well so that even after prolonged use, both parts fit tightly to each other.
After the electric planer knives have been sharpened, you need to immediately test the blade by removing a few shavings. It has been proven in practice that the blade of a tool that is put into operation immediately after sharpening is less blunt. To avoid frequent sharpening of knives on a sharpener, carefully monitor the state of the piece of iron during work, and when the first signs of dullness (shiny stripes) appear, immediately straighten the electric plane on a sharpening bar.
Now you know why it is so important to constantly monitor the position of the knives on the electric plane, adjust them in time, remove and install new pieces of iron. In addition, you always have the opportunity to sharpen the electric planer knives on a special device and put them back on.
The plane is one of the most important tools in the house, but working with him can turn into real torment if he is sharpened incorrectly. Sharpening can be done by hand, you just need to be careful. Sharpening the plane correctly is not as difficult as it might seem, you just need to adhere to the instructions of the specialists. The blade of the planer should slide easily, while removing a thin layer of wood.
In order to get the desired result without unnecessary problems when working with a plane, it is necessary to sharpen it correctly.
For correct sharpening planer, you need the following tools:
- grinding machine;
- stone.
In addition to such tools, you need to be patient, then you can sharpen the plane quickly and efficiently. And you need to immediately purchase quality tool, then big problems will not.
Planer sharpening process
Scheme of options for sharpening a plane knife: a - on a donkey; b - on a grindstone; в - the position of the chamfer of the cutter blade when sharpening on a donkey; g - sharpening on a disk whetstone using a thrust device.
If the plane has to work with hard wood, then you need to be prepared for the fact that his knife will quickly intercede as a result of interaction. The tip wears out very quickly, and dents and notches appear on it. It is especially problematic to work with such a tool if a nail comes across in the planed wood. If the barbs are large, it is best to use emery for sharpening. It should be borne in mind that it is best to sharpen the planer knife if the emery wheel has a large diameter. If the size of such a circle is smaller, then the notch is large. Then you still have to deal with the alignment of the pasque, since it should be perfectly flat.
It is very good to have 2 different circles for sharpening, one of them should have coarse grains, and the second should be fine grained. In this process, it is very important to maintain the correct sharpening angle. With such a process, a special emphasis is needed, since only specialists with certain skills can simply hold the knife in their hands and sharpen it. The sharpening angle is very important and you should pay special attention to this.
You should not press the piece of iron tightly against the rotating circle, which many do to "tear off" a large layer of metal in a short time... Thus, the knife of the planer is quickly "burnt out" as a result of strong overheating, the hardening of the metal is disturbed. In order to prevent all this, it is necessary to cool the metal from time to time, for which it is enough just to dip it into cold water. After dressing on the emery wheel is completed, the blade must be dressing on a fine-grained block. At the end, you need to bring the blade to the end on a special grinding stone (if not, you can use a leather belt with polishing paste). You need to be prepared for the fact that such a process is laborious and time-consuming. To avoid this, it is strongly recommended not to sharpen the plane after it has become very blunt, but to do it from time to time, as soon as the wood cutting begins to be worse.
Hello everyone! Today I will tell you how to sharpen planer knives with your own hands. The main difficulty, because of which not everyone is ready to take up this business, is the observance of the required sharpening angle, as well as its uniformity.
First, a little about what knives are. There are two types - disposable and reusable. The first, as the name implies, do not sharpen, but simply change to new ones. At the same time, they are necessarily produced double-sided, therefore, when the first side is dull, you just need to turn them over and you can work again until the second side is dull. And after the second side is worn out, we buy new ones. Well, if you have exactly this case, then you may not think about sharpening.
Reusable can be either one- or two-sided. Naturally, double-sided must first be used on both sides, and then sharpened.
An indication that the knives are dull is that the plane has difficulty moving over the wooden surface, and that the surface treated with it does not remain smooth enough.
80 items of electric planers at low prices. Click to see
So, in order to edit yourself, you will need special device... Thanks to him, it is possible to sharpen under the right angle... Some planers have such an adaptation included. If it is not there, then you need to purchase it in the store.
Also, of course, you will need an abrasive stone with a fine grain. Before sharpening on it, soak it in water for a few minutes.
The knives are fixed in the above fixture. They can be clamped in pairs or individually. If you put both of them at once, then the bevels of the tip should be in the same plane so as not to knock them down. When attaching one by one, make sure that the beveled edge on the fixture is parallel to the surface of the stone.
Well, in the end, all sharpening comes down to removing burrs and irregularities from the blade. We drive with knives on an abrasive stone until they sharpen. If the blade is very dull and its manual editing seems too tedious to you, then you can do it on an electric sharpener. The main thing is to do everything carefully.
Most often, a tool in the form of a plane is used for processing wood. However, if the blades in this device are not sharpened properly, the product acquires uneven edges and low quality processing. We will talk about the ways of sharpening the plane further.
Planer: device, principle of operation and its varieties
There are many tools with which wood is processed. Each of them is distinguished by its individual characteristics, functions and purpose. The plane has a long history, but it is still used, practically unchanged.
Among the main elements of this tool, we note:
- steel knife;
- block;
- wedge.
For a plane, the price is determined by its type, cheaper manual option of this tool. Before you start sharpening planer knives, you should familiarize yourself with their characteristics.
On the electric version of the planer, the knives are fixed on a special drum. With their help, planing of various kinds of details is carried out. There are two options for the location of the knives: when there is one knife or two knives on the surface of the planer. Tool steel or tungsten carbide is used to make knives. The second option is not suitable for re-sharpening, such knives, in case of malfunctions in their operation, must be replaced.
In relation to the shape of the blades, they are straight, wavy or curly. Before using the tool, it is necessary to check the correct installation of the knives. The edge of the knife should protrude a few tenths of a millimeter beyond the outer part of the plane. In order to check the quality of the location of the knife, you should inspect it visually, and, if necessary, correct their location.
In order to provide quality finishing products, the blade should protrude from the surface of the planer by at least 0.5 mm. For more rough handling, a blade protrusion of 1 mm is allowed.
To adjust the knife on an electric planer, turn the adjusting screws to the right or left. Having achieved the required location of the knives, the process stops.
A centering lever or screw located on the surface of the top plate is used to fix the blade to the surface of the electric planer. Planer knives vary in thickness, some of them are able to withstand the presence of a nail in a wooden blank, while others break. In addition, thicker knife options are easy to sharpen, wear less and last longer.
If there is a shiny strip at the end of the chamfer, it is imperative to sharpen the knife blade. Some models of planers suggest the presence of double-sided knives, which, when dull, turn over the other side and are operated.
In relation to the size, design and other features, there are many options for planers. Among them, we note:
- electric plane - the main element of this plane is an electric motor, which significantly increases the productivity of the equipment and the speed of wood processing;
- hand planers - plastic, metal or wood is used for the manufacture of mechanical equipment, each of these elements has its own advantages and disadvantages in operation, the most common are wooden planes.
In addition, planers are distinguished by the type of surface that they process. Among the planers carrying out flat planing, we note:
1. Tool in the form of a semi-jointer - is a shortened subspecies of a planer. The average length of the planer block is no more than sixty centimeters. With its help, processing of large-sized parts is carried out.
2. On the bear, unlike a standard plane, there are handles on both sides. This tool uses a special wedge-shaped piece to hold the knife. This tool requires the participation of two people. With the help of this tool, large-sized parts are cut out. For example, wood used to sheathe houses, ceilings or floors. Medvedka allows you to remove a tree with a layer of one millimeter.
3. In order to carry out the final cleaning of the wood, a tool in the form of a sander is used. This device allows you to clean defective areas, ends, knots. This plane is distinguished by the presence of a double knife on which a straight blade is located.
4.Using a Zinubel wooden surfaces become rougher. Thus, when gluing wooden blanks together, they are distinguished by increased adhesion. Serrated grooves are located on the surface of the knives. Since the knife in the device is at an angle of eighty degrees, notches are not formed during the processing of wood.
In addition, the following planer options should be highlighted:
- end - suitable for processing wood of a small area with a confused structure;
- single version of the planer - allows you to perform secondary processing of wood, in the process it is possible to get perfect shavings;
- a double planer allows you to get an ideal quality processed wood surface, thanks to the presence of two knives.
There is also a distinction between a tool that performs curly planing:
1. Plane in the form of a zenzubel - is distinguished by the presence of two knives, which can significantly improve the quality of the processed surface.
2. Federgubelny plane - with its help, the creation of longitudinal protrusions on wooden parts... The tool has a specially shaped blade, with the help of which it is possible to achieve a rectangular protrusion on the part.
3. For stripping the quarters, a falzebel device is used. It has a single knife and a stepped sole.
4. In addition, there are tools that make wooden blanks rounded, cut longitudinal groove joints on them.
Device for sharpening knives for a planer
The main signs that the plane needs sharpening is poor performance of its functions: increased time for wood processing, poor-quality processing, etc.
If you do not have experience in sharpening a plane, then it is better to entrust this process to professionals. Since an incorrectly sharpened tool is not able to provide proper processing of the material. In addition, there is a risk of injury during the sharpening process.
Sharpening a plane is a very difficult process, especially if an electric plane lends itself to sharpening. This tool is distinguished by the presence of different shapes and sizes of blades. So, with the help of straight blades, quarters are selected, more rounded knives allow processing a workpiece that is large in area.
Blades can only be sharpened if the material for their manufacture is tool steel. Otherwise, they should be replaced with new ones.
High-quality sharpening of the planer blades is characterized by the fact that subsequently the tool evenly removes chips from the surface. In order to sharpen a hand-type plane, you will need:
- emery;
- grinding stones.
These devices for sharpening planer knives are generally available, however, without the skills to work with them, it is quite difficult to sharpen a plane efficiently. The sharpening process ends with fine-tuning, that is, adjusting the blade so that it removes the chips evenly.
If the plane is used to work with wood of increased hardness or with parts on which there are a large number of knots, then the speed of its bluntness increases.
In order to sharpen the planer blade, especially when there are a lot of nicks, it is best to use a large diameter emery wheel. Since in the process of sharpening the knives bend slightly, become concave, a circle of larger diameter prevents this process. However, in the end, it is still necessary to align the chamfer in order to achieve its perfect evenness.
It is preferable to choose emery with two circles with fine and coarse grains. In this way, a perfect fit of the planer knives can be achieved. The angle of sharpening of the plane is also especially important, since the quality of the sharpened surface depends on it.
The knife should not press too hard against the wheel during the sharpening process, as the metal will be removed with too much of a layer. In addition, it is advisable to cool the blade in cold water, since there is a risk of deformation during heating.
After the blade has been finished with an emery wheel, it is finished with a fine grain bar and polishing paste. This process takes a long time and requires a lot of effort, so that the blades do not become too dull, it is preferable to sharpen them periodically.
If the blade is not periodically corrected and not sharpened, then the quality of the processed parts decreases, the knives are grinded and need to be replaced. The angle of sharpening of the planer knife is from twenty-five to forty-five degrees. Exact value the sharpening angle determines the hardness of the material from which the blade is made. In order to check the angle of sharpening of the blade, you should use a self-made template.
How to sharpen a plane: the technology of the process
Sharpening the planer also involves setting and adjusting it. This process is based on setting the blade and adjusting the amount by which it extends beyond the sole. To determine this value, you should inspect the instrument, from the beginning to the sole. If the knife is rolled out of the planer too much, the shavings will have a greater thickness during operation, while the tree will look gnawed.
If the blade was installed in a shekhrebel, then this fact would be normal, since this tool undergoes rough wood processing. However, the plane processes the wood to a perfectly even state, and the chips that are removed from it should be moderately thin and uniform.
If the knives are installed with too little clearance, then the chips will practically not be removed from the surface. In this case, the time for processing wood will increase several times. If the knife is set unevenly in the front and bottom of the planer, it will be almost impossible to achieve perfect evenness.
To install the blade in a level position, you should only be guided by inspection of the tool and periodic check on its functionality. Before tightening the screw, you should check the plane on rough wood, if necessary, the blade is corrected in one direction or another.
The wedge that grips the blade in the plane must be properly installed on the plane, since in the process of sliding it, the blade will deform. Use a hammer to drive the wedge. And to weaken the blades of the plane, you should inflict several blows on the back surface of the plane with a mallet. Tapping the back of the block increases the projection of the blade on the planer, tapping the front decreases this value.
Some models of planers are distinguished by the presence of adjusting screws that simplify the process of installing the blades.
Planer knife sharpening machine
The most simple device, which allows you to sharpen the plane, is a bar, the upper part of which is equipped with a knife and a chisel. The angle at which sharpening is carried out depends on the height of the bar in relation to the abrasive. In the process of sharpening, one side of the blade is installed on the abrasive part of the device, and the second on the second part of the bar. In order for the bar to glide well over the surface, thereby sharpening, place a stand made of glass under it.
The only drawback of this device is that only a small part of the abrasive is used, so the sharpening process takes longer. Some devices are equipped with roller mechanisms that ensure their high-quality sliding.
By appearance the tool for sharpening the iron of the plane looks like a steel box, inside which there is a shelf. The clamping screw is used to fix the sharpened blade. The rollers are mounted on an axle that can be sharpened. In the process of work, the tool is pumped over the surface of the abrasive. It is necessary to monitor evenly pressing the blade against the surface.
