Sand for construction works in accordance with GOST 8736.
"Sand for construction works... Specifications "GOST 8736-93
When performing construction activities, building sand is necessarily used, which is versatile material... It is characterized by its natural origin. Depending on the size of the sand fraction and the concentration of impurities, it is subjected to additional processing for grinding, washing, drying or sieving.
Natural sand obtained as a result of natural processes is a mixture of particles of mountain minerals that were formed as a result of decay stone rocks with increased hardness.
Sands, depending on the method of extraction, are characterized by individual physical and mechanical characteristics that determine the strength, ease of preparation of a concrete solution produced on their basis.
Complex technical requirements applicable to the types of sandy raw materials, regulated by GOST 8736 93. Let's dwell on the types of compositions, consider the main requirements of the current standard.
Natural sand is an inorganic bulk material with a grain size of up to 5 mm, formed as a result of natural destruction of rocky rocks
Varieties of materials
The sand used for construction works is different performance characteristics, physical and mechanical properties, depending on the methods of production, which divide the fraction into the following types:
- material of a quarry origin, obtained using a special technique, containing clay and mineral inclusions. The increased concentration of foreign impurities requires additional cleaning with water. The result is alluvial sand at an affordable price;
- seeded sand mass, which is a kind of quarry material. It is characterized by an increased cleaning factor, which is due to the use of special equipment for sieving. Seeded sand is distinguished by a reduced concentration of foreign inclusions. It is used to prepare mortars, compositions for plaster, screeds;
- river sand extracted from reservoirs, washed in a natural way, which does not require special cleaning. It has a reduced concentration of foreign impurities, which allows it to be used as a filler for concrete mortar and a material used for plaster. It is characterized by an increased production cost;
- quartz sand produced by grinding a natural mineral - quartz. It is used for special technological purposes, the manufacture of glass products, putty mixtures, special construction compositions, coloring components;
- sand produced by crushing fractions obtained by crushing hard rocks. The secondary product is characterized by increased strength and specific gravity. It is used as an aggregate for frost-resistant concrete grades. It is characterized by heterogeneity associated with an increased concentration of the dusty fraction.
The quality characteristics of sand and the degree of its suitability for certain works are based on a number of laboratory tests
General Provisions
The clauses of the standard for sand apply to the following types of bulk materials:
- of natural origin, quarried or by river. The material of inorganic origin is the result of natural processes for the destruction of rocks. Natural sand is obtained during the development of special deposits. The use of enrichment technology is allowed;
- obtained by screening crushed rocks. Raw material- screening of inorganic origin, obtained in the manufacture of crushed stone, as well as in the process of screening fractions obtained during the enrichment of ores, minerals.
Sands that meet the standard have a specific gravity of 2000-2800 kg / m3.
The provisions of the standard do not apply to the following types of fractions:
- Sands sifted with the use of special devices, differing in geometric dimensions and artificially divided into several fractions.
- Crushed fractions up to 5 millimeters in size, produced by crushing rocks on special crushing devices.
Application
4229 09/18/2019 5 minutesWhen performing construction work, it is impossible to do without such material as sand. It is he who takes an active part in the preparation of various mortars and concrete. But the range of such a product today is very large, which is sometimes difficult to choose the right one for your case. For this reason, it is necessary to know what types of construction sand exist, and what properties each of them has. Further in the article we will consider medium-grained sand for construction robots GOST 8736-2014.
Technical characteristics of sand GOST 8736-2014
All parameters and properties possessed by building sand are regulated by the GOST 8736-2014 standard. Before sending the sand for sale, the manufacturer is obliged to indicate the following data obtained during geological exploration:
- the presence of rocks and minerals that are harmful components;
- the presence of voids;
- the presence of organic impurities;
- density of the true type of granules.
What tests is the material subjected to?
According to the established standard, natural building materials can be subjected to the following tests:
- Calculation of the bulk density and the presence of voids... To determine the bulk density of the presented product, it is necessary with the help of a duck into a previously measured container in the form of a cylinder, the height of which is 10 cm, will place sand, filling it to the upper edges. You can use the standard for these purposes. Funnel with latch. The cone without compaction of sand is removed flush with the edges of the container using a metal ruler. After that, the vessel with sand is sent to the scales. During such a test, the bulk density of the material is calculated, which is calculated using the following formula: P = (m1-m) / V. In this formula, m is the mass of a measuring vessel, kg; m1 is the mass of the measuring container with sand, kg; V is the volume of the tank, m3.
- Determination of moisture level... To carry out such a test, it is necessary to compare the mass of the material with natural moisture and after it has dried. To carry out the experiment, you need to take the material in an amount of 1 kg and pour it onto a baking sheet, weigh it, write down the value obtained. After ego drying, send it back to the scales and weigh. Determine the moisture content according to the following formula: W = (m-m1) x m1 x 100. In this formula, m is the mass of natural moisture sand; m1 is the dry mass of sand, g.
- Determination of the presence of organic impurities... In order to understand whether natural sand contains organic impurities, it is necessary to compare the colors of the alkaline solution above the sample with the material with the color of the standard.
- Determination of the amount of dusty and clay components... To accomplish the task, it is necessary to use the soaking method, in which grains up to 0.05 mm in size take part. In this case, use the following formula: Potm = (m-m1) / m x 100. In this formula, m is the mass of dry sand before elutriation, g; m1 is the mass of dry sand after elutriation, g. Determination of grain size composition and size modulus. These tests are carried out using the method of sieving the material on a standard set of sieves.
Types of building material
Sand is a material that is a mixture of mineral components formed by the destruction of rocks. Taking into account the established standard, building sand is divided into two main types: first and second class.
If the material has a size model of 2-2.5 mm, then it is used in the manufacture of concrete or reinforced concrete structures. Material with a granule size of 1.5-2 mm is used in the course of producing bricks. And for the finest sand, there is also a field of application, which involves the manufacture of building mixtures. In order to pick up desired view sand you need to know what is.
All these types of building sand are regulated by the standard, but there are still other types of material that are classified according to indicators such as origin and use.
By mining method:
- career;
- river;
- nautical;
- quartz.
Where crushed stone of fraction 20 40 is used and what its GOST is, you can find out from this
Career
The presented material received this name because of its origin. It contains clay and stones, as a result of which quarry sand has not been widely used. It can be used when planning a site, pouring under concrete screeds. 
To improve quality characteristics quarry sand it must be rinsed with water directly at the production site. Then he will be able to free himself from dusty granules and clay. The result is an alluvial material. It is allowed to be used when performing plastering and masonry mortar. Also, you can remove clay with a sieve. the usual method sifting.
It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to the question of which sand is considered the best. After all, each of the materials presented is intended for specific work.
Sand is a very important material in the construction industry. Without it, it is impossible to build a foundation, lay walls and even cook building mixtures... Thanks to such a large assortment, it is possible to choose the type of material that is ideal for carrying out certain works.
The standard applies to natural sand and sand from screenings of crushing rocks with a true grain density of 2.0 to 2.8 g / cm3, intended for use as aggregate for heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concretes, mortars, preparation of dry mixtures for the construction of bases and coatings highways and airfields.
The requirements of the standard do not apply to graded and crushed sands.
| Designation: | GOST 8736-93 * |
| Russian name: | Sand for construction work. Technical conditions |
| Status: | acting |
| Replaces: | GOST 26193-84 “Materials from screenings of crushing of igneous rocks for construction work. Specifications "GOST 8736-85" Sand for construction work. Technical conditions " |
| Date of text update: | 08.10.2010 |
| Date added to the database: | 08.10.2010 |
| Effective date: | 01.07.1995 |
| Designed by: | TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy USSR 127434, Moscow, Dmitrovskoe sh., 9 VNIPIISTROMSYR'E 109028, Moscow, Pokrovsky Blvd., 6/20 NIIZhB 109428, Moscow, 2nd Institutskaya st., 6 Union of the Russian Federation |
| Approved by: | Ministry of Construction of Russia (28.11.1994) |
| Published: | Standards Publishing House No. 1995 Standartinform No. 2009 |
GOST 8736-93
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS
TECHNICAL CONDITIONS
INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION
FOR STANDARDIZATION AND TECHNICAL REGULATION
IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED by the Institute VNIPIIstromsyr'e with the participation of SoyuzDorNII, NIIZhB, TsNIIOMTP of the Russian Federation
VNESENMinstroy of Russia
2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (ISTC) on November 10, 1993
| State name | Body name government controlled construction |
| The Republic of Azerbaijan | Gosstroy of the Azerbaijan Republic |
| Republic of Armenia | State Supraarchitecture of the Republic of Armenia |
| Republic of Belarus | Gosstroy of the Republic of Belarus |
| The Republic of Kazakhstan | Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| Republic of Kyrgyzstan | Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic |
| The Republic of Moldova | Minarhstroy of the Republic of Moldova |
| Gosstroy of Russia |
|
| The Republic of Tajikistan | Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan |
| The Republic of Uzbekistan | Goskomarkhitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan |
3 INTRODUCED INTO ACTION since July 1, 1995 as a state standard of the Russian Federation by the Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 28, 1994 No. 18-29
4 REPLACE GOST 8736-85, GOST 26193-84
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS
Technicalconditions
Sand for construction works.
Specifications
Introduction date 1995-07-01
1 AREA OF USE
This standard applies to natural sand and sand from screenings of crushing rocks with a true grain density of 2.0 to 2.8 g / cm 3, intended for use as an aggregate for heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concretes, mortars, preparation of dry mixtures, for the arrangement of foundations and coatings of highways and airfields.
This standard does not apply to graded and crushed sands.
The requirements of this standard set forth in clauses,,,, sections and are mandatory.
2 REFERENCES
GOST8269.0 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks and industrial waste for construction work. Physical and mechanical test methods
GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test methods.
GOST30108-94 Building materials and products. Determination of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
(Modified edition. Amendment No. 2).
3 DEFINITIONS
The following terms are used in this standard.
Natural sand- inorganic bulk material with a grain size of up to 5 mm, formed as a result of natural destruction of rocky rocks and obtained during the development of sand and sand-gravel deposits without use or with the use of special processing equipment.
(Modified edition. Amendment No. 1).
Crushed sand- sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm, made from rocky rocks and gravel using special crushing and grinding equipment.
Fractionated sand - sand, divided into two or more fractions using special equipment.
Sand from crushing screenings - inorganic bulk material with a grain size of 5 mm, obtained from screenings of crushing rocks in the production of crushed stone and from wastes of concentration of ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and non-metallic fossils and other industries.
4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 The sand should be made in accordance with the requirements of this standard and the technological documentation approved by the manufacturer.
4.2 Sand, depending on the values of the standardized quality indicators (grain size composition, content of dusty and clay particles), is divided into two classes.
4.3 Basic parameters and dimensions
4.3.1 Depending on the grain size composition, sand is subdivided into groups by size:
I class - very coarse (sand from crushing screenings), increased size, coarse, medium and fine;
Class II - very coarse (sand from crushing screenings), increased coarseness, coarse, medium, fine, very fine, fine and very fine.
4.3.2 Each sand group is characterized by the size modulus value indicated in the table.
Table 1
| Size module Mk |
|
| Very large | St. 3.5 |
| Increased size | "3.0 to 3.5 |
| Large | "2.5" 3.0 |
| Average | "2.0" 2.5 |
| Small | "1.5" 2.0 |
| Very small | "1.0" 1.5 |
| Thin | "0.7" 1.0 |
| Very thin | Up to 0.7 |
4.3.3 The total remainder of the sand sieve with mesh No. 063 must correspond to the values indicated in the table.
table 2
Percentage by weight
| Total residue on sieve No. 063 |
|
| Very large | St. 75 |
| Increased size | "65 to 75 |
| Large | "45" 65 |
| Average | "30" 45 |
| Small | "10" 30 |
| Very small | To 10 |
| Thin | Not standardized |
| Very thin | »» |
| Note - By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, in sand of class II, a deviation of the total residue on sieve No. 063 from the above is allowed, but not more than ± 5%. |
|
4.3.4 Content of grains of grain size 10, 5 and less than 0.16 mm should not exceed the values indicated in the table.
Table 3
As a percentage by weight, not more than
| St. 10 mm | St. 5 mm | Less than 0.15mm |
|
| Class I | |||
| Small | |||
| Class II | |||
| Very coarse and oversized | |||
| Large and medium | |||
| Small and very small | |||
| Slim and very thin | Not allowed | Not standardized |
|
4.4Specifications
in natural sand
in the sand from crushing screenings
in natural sand
in the sand from crushing screenings
Class I
Very large
0,35
Increased size. large and medium
0,25
0,35
Small
0,35
0,50
Class II
Very large
Oversized, large and medium
Small and very small
Slim and very thin
Not standardized
0,1*
Note - In very fine natural sand of class II, by agreement with the consumer, the content of dusty and clay particles up to 7% by weight is allowed.
* For sands obtained by dressing ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and non-metallic minerals of other industries.
4.4.2 Sands from screening, depending on the strength of the rock and gravel, are divided into grades. The igneous and metamorphic rocks must have a compressive strength of less than 60 MPa, sedimentary rocks - at least 40 MPa.
The grade of sand from screening by strength must correspond to that indicated in the table.
Table 5
| Compressive strength of rock in a water-saturated state, MPa, not less | Gravel grade by crushing in a cylinder |
|
| 1400 | ||
| 1200 | ||
| 1000 | Dr8 |
|
| Dr12 |
||
| Dr16 |
||
| Dr24 |
||
| Note - It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, the supply of sandII from sedimentary rocks with a compressive strength less than 40 MPa, but not less than 20 MPa. |
||
Resistance of sand is determined by the mineralogical and petrographic composition and the content of harmful components and impurities. The list of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities, and their maximum permissible content are given in the appendix.
4.4.4 Sand from screening of rocks, having a true grain density of more than 2.8 g / cm 3 or containing grains of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components, in an amount exceeding their permissible content, or containing several different harmful components, is produced for specific species construction works according to technical documents developed in established order and in coordination with laboratories specialized in the field of corrosion.
4.4.5 It is allowed to supply a mixture of natural sand and sand from crushing screenings with a content of the latter not less than 20% by weight, while the amount of the mixture must meet the requirements of this standard for the quality of sand from crushing screenings.
4.4.6 The manufacturer must inform the consumer of the following characteristics established by geological exploration:
Mineral and petrographic composition with indication of rocks and minerals attributed to harmful components and impurities;
Emptiness;
The true density of the sand grains.
At A eff up to 370 Bq / kg - in newly constructed residential and public buildings;
At A eff St. 370 to 740 Bq / kg - for road construction within the territory of settlements and zones of prospective development, as well as during construction industrial buildings and structures;
At A eff St. 740 to 1500 Bq / kg - in road construction outside settlements.
If necessary, in the national norms in force on the territory of the state, the value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides can be changed within the limits specified above.
(Changed edition. Amendments No. 1, 2).
4.4.9 The sand should not contain foreign contaminants.
5 RULES OF ACCEPTANCE
5.1 The sand should be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control service.
5.2 Acceptance and periodic tests are carried out to verify that the quality of the sand meets the requirements of this standard.
5.3 Acceptance tests at the manufacturing plant are carried out daily by testing one shift sample taken in accordance with GOST 8735 from each processing line.
During acceptance control, it is determined:
Grain composition;
Once a quarter - bulk density (bulk density with moisture during shipment is determined as necessary), as well as the presence of organic impurities (humic substances) in natural sand;
Once a year and in each case of changes in the properties of the developed rock - the true density of grains, the content of rocks and minerals attributed to harmful components and impurities, the strength of sand from crushing screenings, the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.
Periodic control of the indicator of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is carried out in specialized laboratories, accredited in the prescribed manner to conduct gamma-spectrometric tests or in radiation-measuring laboratories of supervisory authorities.
In the absence of geological survey data on the radiation-hygienic assessment of the deposit and the conclusion on the class of sand, the manufacturer conducts a radiation-hygienic assessment of the developed rock areas using the express method directly at the bottom or in the finished product warehouses (alluvial map) in accordance with the requirements of GOST 30108.
5.5 The selection and preparation of a sample for quality control at the manufacturer is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 8735.
5.6 Delivery and acceptance of sand is carried out in batches. A batch is considered to be the amount of material supplied to one consumer at the same time in one train or in one ship. When shipped by road, a batch is considered to be the amount of sand shipped to one consumer during the day.
5.7 The consumer, when checking the quality of the sand, must apply the sampling procedure given in -. In case of unsatisfactory results of the control check on the grain composition and the content of dust and clay particles, the batch of sand is not accepted.
Batch volume Number of samples
Up to 350 m ............................................... ...................................ten
St. 350 to 700 m ............................................ ..........................15
St. 700 m .............................................. ....................................ten
A pooled sample is formed from the spot samples, which characterizes the controlled batch. Averaging, reduction and sample preparation are carried out in accordance with GOST 8735.
5.9 To check the quality of sand shipped by rail, spot samples are taken when unloading cars from the flow of sand on belt conveyors used to transport it to the consumer's warehouse. When unloading, the wagon is taken through equal intervals time five spot samples. The number of wagons is determined taking into account the receipt of the required number of spot samples in accordance with.
The wagons are selected at the direction of the consumer. If the batch consists of one wagon, five incremental samples are taken during unloading, from which a combined sample is obtained.
If continuous transport is not used during unloading, point samples are taken directly from the cars. For this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled and holes 0.2-0.4 m deep are dug at the sampling points. Sampling points should be located in the center and in the four corners of the car. in this case, the distance from the sides of the car of the sampling points should be at least 0.5 m. Samples from the holes are taken with a scoop, moving it from the bottom up along the walls of the hole.
5.10 To check the quality of sand supplied by water transport, point samples are taken when unloading ships. When used for unloading belt conveyors, spot samples are taken at regular intervals from the sand stream on the conveyors. When unloading a vessel with grab cranes, spot samples are taken with a scoop at regular intervals as the unloading proceeds directly to the newly formed sand surface in the vessel, and not from the holes.
For a control check of sand unloaded from ships and placed on the alluvium maps by means of hydromechanization, point samples are taken in accordance with 2.9 GOST 8735.
If belt conveyors are used for unloading sand, point samples are taken from the sand stream on conveyors. When unloading each car, take one spot sample. The number of cars is determined taking into account the required number of spot samples. Cars are selected at the direction of the consumer.
If the batch consists of less than ten vehicles, sand samples are taken from each vehicle.
If conveyor transport is not used for unloading vehicles, point samples are taken directly from vehicles. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled, a hole 0.2-0.4 m deep is dug in the center of the body. A sample of sand is taken from the hole by moving it from bottom to top along the wall of the hole.
5.12 The quantity of sand supplied is determined by volume or mass. Sand measurement is carried out in wagons, ships or cars.
Sand loaded in wagons or cars is weighed on a truck scale. The mass of sand discharged by ships is determined by the draft of the ship.
The amount of sand from mass units to volume units is recalculated according to the values of the bulk density of sand, determined at its moisture content during shipment. In the supply agreement, the calculated moisture content of the sand, adopted by agreement of the parties, is indicated.
5.13 The manufacturer is obliged to accompany each batch of the supplied sand document on its quality of the established form, which must indicate:
The name of the manufacturer and its address;
Number and date of issue of the document;
Lot number and quantity of sand;
Wagon numbers and ship numbers, invoice numbers;
Class, fineness module, total residue on sieve No. 063;
Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in sand in accordance with;
Designation of this standard.
6 CONTROL METHODS
6.1 Sand tests are carried out in accordance with GOST 8735.
6.2 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in sand is determined according to GOST 30108.
7 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
7.1 Sand is transported in open railway wagons and ships, as well as cars in accordance with the established rules for the carriage of goods by the appropriate mode of transport and stored in a warehouse with the manufacturer and consumer under conditions that protect the sand from contamination.
When transporting by sand and rail transport, the requirements of the Technical conditions for loading and securing cargo, approved by the Ministry of Railways, must also be met.
7.2 When shipping and storing sand in winter time the manufacturer must take measures to prevent freezing (shoveling, processing with special solutions, etc.).
APPENDIX A
(required)
The permissible content of the breed of minerals classified as harmful components and impurities in sand used as aggregate for concrete and mortars should not exceed the following values:
Amorphous varieties of silicon dioxide, soluble in alkalis (chalcedony, opal, flint, etc.) - not more than 50 mmol / l;
Sulfur, sulfides, cromepyrite (marcasite, pyrrhotite, etc.) and sulfates (gypsum, anhydrite, etc.) in recalculated SO 3 - no more than 1.0%, pyrite in terms of SO 3 - no more than 4% by weight;
Mica - no more than 2% by mass:
Galloidal compounds (halite, sylvin, etc.), including water-soluble chlorides, in terms of the chlorine ion - no more than 0.15% by weight;
Coal - no more than 1% by mass;
Organic impurities (humic acids) - less than the amount that gives the sodium hydroxide solution (colorimetric test according to GOST 8267) a color corresponding to the color of the standard or darker than this color. The use of sand that does not meet this requirement is allowed only after obtaining positive test results for sand in concrete or mortar on characteristics durability.
The permissible content of zeolite, graphite, oil shale is established on the basis of studies of the effect of sand on the durability of concrete or mortar.
APPENDIX B
(informational)
(Deleted. Amendment No. 2).
Keywords:natural sand, construction work, sand from crushing screenings, graded sand, crushed sand, grain size composition
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SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS
the upper and lower limits, and the sand is classified according to the size of the lower of the adjacent groups.
The provision of the established standard values of the content of grains with a size of less than 0.16 mm, as well as the content of dust and clay particles during acceptance control must be at least 97.5% - for enriched sand of all types of the highest quality category, 95% - for enriched sand of all types of the first quality categories, 90% - for natural sands and from crushing screenings.
2.7. The sufficiency of the sands size modulus values established by the standard is characterized by the ratio of the number of removable samples, the size modulus of which is within the upper and lower standard values for a given group of sands, to the total number of removable samples taken and tested during one quarter.
The provision of the standard values of the content in sands of grains less than 0.16 mm in size, as well as dust and clay particles, is characterized by the ratio of the number of removable samples, the quality indicators of which do not exceed the standard values, to the total number of removable samples taken and tested during one quarter. At the same time, the availability of the standard values for the content of grains with a size of less than 0.16 mm, as well as dust and clay particles in enriched sands of the highest quality category, is determined on the basis of statistical control in accordance with mandatory Appendix 2.
2.8. For the permissible pp. 2.6 and 2.7 of the number of replaceable samples deviating from regulatory requirements, the value of this deviation should not exceed 20%.
2.9. The consumer, when checking the compliance of sand with the requirements of this standard, must apply the sampling procedure given in paragraphs. 2.11-2.13. In case of unsatisfactory results of the control check for the grain composition and the content of dust and clay particles, the batch of sand is not accepted.
point
2.10. The number of point (partial) samples taken for the control check of the quality of sand in each batch must be at least as indicated below.
Lot size, m 3
St. 350 to 700 15
Spot samples are combined into an average sample that characterizes the lot to be controlled.
GOST 8736-852.11. To control the quality of sand supplied by rail, point samples are taken when unloading cars from the flow of sand on belt conveyors used to transport it to the consumer's warehouse. When unloading the car, five point samples are taken at regular intervals. The number of cars, during the unloading of which samples are taken, is taken taking into account the receipt of the required number of spot samples according to clause 2.10. The wagons are selected at the direction of the consumer. If the batch consists of one wagon, then when unloading it, five spot samples are taken, which are combined into an average sample.
If conveyor transport is not used when unloading wagons, then as an exception, point samples are taken directly from the wagons. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled and holes with a depth of 0.2-0.4 m are torn off at the sampling points.The sampling points are taken in the center and in the four corners of the car, while the distance from the sides of the car to the sampling point must be at least 0 , 5 m. Sand samples are taken from the holes with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the wall of the hole.
2.12. For a control check of sand unloaded by water transport, point samples are taken when unloading ships.
For belt conveyor unloading applications, spot samples are taken at regular intervals from the sand flow on the conveyors. When unloading ships with clamshell cranes, point samples are taken with a shovel at regular intervals as unloading from the newly formed sand surface in the ship without the formation of holes.
2.13. For a control check of sand shipped by road, point samples are taken when unloading vehicles.
In the case of belt conveyor sand unloading applications, spot samples are taken from the sand stream on the conveyors. When unloading each vehicle, one is taken away. spot sample. The number of vehicles, during the unloading of which samples are taken, is taken taking into account the receipt of the required number of partial samples according to clause 2.9. Cars are chosen at the direction of the consumer.
If the batch consists of less than ten vehicles, then sand is tested in each vehicle.
If conveyor transport is not used for unloading vehicles, then point samples are taken directly from the vehicles. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled, a hole is torn off in the center of the body with a depth
0.2-0.4 m. From the hole, a sample of sand is taken with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the wall of the hole.
3. TEST METHODS
3.1. Sampling and preparation of samples, as well as testing of sand are carried out in accordance with GOST 8735-75.
3.2. Sampling and preparation of samples, as well as testing of rocks and gravel for strength are performed in accordance with GOST 8269-76.
4. BRANDS ROVNA, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
4.1. An enterprise (quarry) -manufacturer is obliged to accompany each batch of supplied sand with a document on the quality of the established form, which indicates:
name of the manufacturer (career) and its address;
number and date of issue of the document;
the name and address of the consumer;
batch number and amount of sand;
wagon numbers or vessel number and consignment note number;
sand size modulus;
the designation of this standard, and for sand, which has been appropriated with the State Quality Mark in accordance with the established procedure, also its image in accordance with GOST 1.9-67.
When supplying sand from crushing screenings, the grade of the original rock or gravel in terms of strength is also indicated in the quality document. Sand indicators are entered into the specified document according to the test data listed in paragraph 2.5.
For sand supplied in accordance with clause 1.12, the quality document indicates the average density of grains and the content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful impurities in accordance with GOST 23845-79 and GOST 24100-80.
4.2. The sand is transported in open railway wagons and ships, as well as in cars in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods by the appropriate mode of transport approved in accordance with the established procedure and stored in conditions that protect it from clogging and pollution.
When transporting sand by rail, the requirements of the Technical Conditions for Loading and Securing Cargo, approved by the Ministry of Railways, must also be met.
GOST 6736-85APPENDIX 1 Reference
TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD AND THEIR EXPLANATIONS
Natural sand - sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm, formed as a result of natural destruction of rocky rocks and obtained during the development of sand and gravel deposits without the use of special processing equipment.
Crushed sand - sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm, made from rocky rocks and gravel using special crushing and grinding equipment.
Sand from crushing screenings - sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm, obtained from screenings of rock crushing products in the production of crushed stone.
Enriched sand, crushed enriched sand, enriched sand from crushing screenings - sands with an improved grain composition, obtained using special processing equipment and supplied without separation into fractions.
Fractionated sand - sand, divided using special equipment into two or more fractions.
APPENDIX 2 Mandatory
STATISTICAL CONTROL OF SAND OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY CATEGORY
1. Statistical control is used to assess the quality of sand according to the established standard values for the content of grains with a size of less than 0.16 mm, as well as the content of dust and clay particles.
2. Statistical quality control includes the determination of the arithmetic mean of the estimated indicator based on the results of tests of removable samples for one quarter and the coefficient of variation of the indicator values for the specified period. The resulting arithmetic mean of the indicator is compared with the tabular value corresponding to the calculated coefficient of variation.
3. The average value of the assessed quality indicator with the corresponding coefficient of variation should not exceed the values indicated in table. 1 and 2 of this appendix.
4. The arithmetic mean of the indicator X is determined by the formula
2**
where X is the test result of a removable sample; l is the number of replaceable samples for one quarter.
5. The coefficient of variation v in percent is determined by the formula
6. Average values of the content of grains passing through a sieve with a mesh No. 016, corresponding to different meanings coefficient of variation are shown in table. 1.
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Table 1 |
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7. The average values of the content of dust and clay particles corresponding to different values of the coefficient of variation are shown in table. 2.
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table 2 |
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UDC 691.223: 006.354 Group Ж17
STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF SSR
SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS
Technical conditions
Sand for construction works. Specifications
By the decree of the State Committee of the USSR for Construction Affairs dated September 13, 1965, No. 146, the date for the introduction of
Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law
This standard applies to natural sand and sand from crushing screenings with an average density of grains, including pores (bulk density) over 2000 kg / m 3, obtained from specially or incidentally mined rocks and waste of mining enterprises and used as aggregates for all types concrete and mortar, as well as pavement and other construction work.
Sand made in accordance with this standard must be used in accordance with applicable regulatory and technical documents.
Explanations of the terms used in this standard are given in reference annex 1.
1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
1.2. Sand is classified into the following types:
natural and enriched;
Official edition
from crushing screenings and enriched from crushing screenings. It is allowed to supply a mixture of natural sands and from crushing screenings.
Reprinting prohibited
© Standards Publishing House, 1986
GOST 8736-851.3. By agreement of the manufacturer (quarry) with the consumer, crushed and fractionated sands are supplied, the requirements for which are set in the technical conditions approved in the prescribed manner.
1.4. The sand should be characterized by the following quality indicators:
grain composition;
1.5. Sand from crushing screenings is also characterized by the ultimate strength of the original rock when compressed in a state saturated with water.
An enterprise (quarry) -maker of natural and enriched sands must have and inform the consumer at his request of the following characteristics established during geological exploration in accordance with GOST 24100-80:
mineralogical and petrographic composition, indicating rocks and minerals classified as harmful impurities;
an indicator of the potential reactivity of sand, defined chemical method(if there are reactive minerals and rocks in the sand);
description of the shape and nature of the surface of the sand grains;
average density of sand grains.
If during geological exploration, at the request of the customer, additional characteristics of sands were determined in accordance with GOST 24100-80: voidness, specific surface area,
filtration coefficient, then they must also be communicated to the consumer at his request.
An enterprise (quarry) producing sand from crushing screenings must have and inform the consumer at his request of the petrographic characteristics and indicators of the physical and mechanical properties of the original rock, established during geological exploration in accordance with GOST 23845-79.
1.6. Grain composition
1.6.1. Natural sands and from crushing screenings, depending on
from the grain composition are subdivided into groups: increased
coarseness, large, medium, small and very small.
1.6.2. Enriched sand depending on grain size
subdivided into groups: increased size, large, medium and small. The enriched sand from crushing screenings, depending on the grain size composition, is divided into groups:
high size, large and medium.
1.6.3. For each group of sands: natural and from crushing screenings, enriched and enriched from crushing screenings
after preliminary sieving them on a sieve with holes of 5 mm for the separation of gravel grains (crushed stone), the modulus of the size of sand M to and the total residue on a sieve with a mesh No. 063 according to GOST 3584-73 must correspond to those indicated in table. 1.
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Table 1 |
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If, when determining a group of sand, it corresponds in terms of the size modulus to one group, and according to the total residue on sieve No. 063 - to another, then the determination of the group of sand is made in terms of the size modulus.
In this case, the passport indicates the deviation of the value of the total balance on the sieve No. 063 from that indicated in the table. 1 for the sand of this group.
Notes: 1. By agreement of the parties, it is allowed to supply sand with a granularity of more than 3.5.
2. Very fine sand with a fineness modulus from 1.0 to 1.5 is supplied only at the request of consumers for use in plaster solutions, as well as for use in a mixture with a coarsening additive as fine aggregates for concrete in areas where there are no sand deposits with a fineness module over 1.5,
1.6.4. As small aggregates for concrete, natural and enriched sands, sands from crushing screenings and enriched from crushing screenings of increased size, large, medium and small with a modulus of fineness from 1.5 to 3, should be supplied and used in accordance with the requirements of GOST 10268-80, 25.
The grain size distribution of fine aggregates should be as shown below.
GOST 8736-85Total residues on control sieves,% by weight
20-70 . 35-90 . 90-100 . 10-0 . 1,5-3,25
Hole size ■ of the control sieve, mm
Sieve passage JVb 016 Size module
In this case, only grains passing through a sieve with round holes with a diameter of 5 mm are taken into account.
The use of sand from crushing screenings and enriched sand from crushing screenings and their mixtures with natural fine and very fine sands is allowed as fine aggregates, provided that the specified workability is ensured concrete mix without overconsumption of cement.
By agreement of the manufacturer (quarry) with the consumer, during the feasibility study, it is allowed to supply sand for concretes with a size modulus of up to 3.5, as well as with a total residue of up to 75% on sieve No. 063.
Natural and enriched sands, sands from crushing screenings and enriched from crushing screenings of increased size, large, medium and small, should be supplied and used as materials for the construction of road pavements in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents.
Sands that meet the requirements of clause 1.6.7 should be supplied and used as aggregates for mortars:
medium, fine and very fine natural sands;
medium and fine enriched sands.
in natural sands and from crushing screenings of increased size, coarse and medium. ... ... ,. ... .ten
the same, in small and very small ....... 15
in enriched sand of increased size, coarse
and average ............. 5
the same, in small ........... 10
in enriched sand from crushing screenings ... 5
According to the agreement of the enterprise (quarry) -manufacturer with the consumer, on average, fine and very fine sands intended for mortars and road construction works, as well as in the sand from crushing screenings intended for road construction works, the content of grains passing through a sieve with mesh No. 016, up to 20% by weight is allowed.
1.6.6. The presence of grains larger than 5 mm should not exceed% by weight:
in natural sand. ... ... ... -.......ten
in sand from crushing screenings ........ 15
in enriched sand and enriched sand from crushing screenings .............. 5
1.6.7. For the manufacture of mortars (except for plaster mortars for the finishing layer), medium natural and medium enriched sands with a size modulus not exceeding 2.2, as well as fine natural and fine enriched sands must be supplied and used. The content of grains over 5 mm in size in sands for mortars should not exceed 0.5% by weight.
For the production of plastering mortars for the finishing layer, very fine sand must be supplied and used. The content of grains larger than 1.25 mm in sands used in plaster solutions for the finishing layer should not exceed 0.5% by weight
By agreement of the manufacturer (quarry) with the consumer, it is allowed to supply and use medium natural sand and medium enriched sand for building mortars (except for plaster mortars for the finishing layer), in which the content of grains larger than 5 mm does not exceed 5% by weight. For the manufacture of plaster for the finishing layer, it is allowed to supply and use very fine natural sand, in which the content of grains larger than 1.25 mm does not exceed 5% by weight.
1.7. The amount of dust and clay particles in the sand should not exceed the values indicated in table. 2.
table 2
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Type of sand |
Including the content of clay in lumps |
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% by weight. | ||
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Natural: increased size, large and medium | ||
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small and very small | ||
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Enriched: large and medium | ||
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From crushing screenings | ||
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Enriched from crushing screenings |
In the sand from crushing screenings, intended for road construction, and in natural very fine sand, intended for use in plaster solutions for the finishing layer, the content of dusty and clay particles up to 7% by weight is allowed. All types of sand should not contain foreign contaminants. 1.8. Sand intended for concrete and mortar, when treated with sodium hydroxide solution (colorimetric test for organic impurities in accordance with GOST 8735-75), should not impart a color to the solution that matches or is darker than the standard color. The use of sand that does not meet this requirement is allowed only after special tests and a feasibility study. 1.9. To obtain sand from crushing screenings and enriched sand from crushing screenings, igneous, metamorphic or dense sedimentary rocks, as well as gravel, should be used. Depending on the strength of the original rock and gravel, these sands are divided into four grades: 1000, 800, 600 and 400. The strength of the original rock and gravel must correspond to that indicated in table. 3. Table 3 Igneous and metamorphic rocks used for the production of sands from crushing screenings must have a compressive strength of at least 60 MPa (600 kgf / cm 2), and sedimentary rocks - at least 40 MPa (400 kgf / cm 2). By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is allowed to release sand obtained from screenings of crushing of sedimentary rocks with a compressive strength below 40 MPa (400 kgf / cm 2), but not less than 20 MPa (200 kgf / cm 2). 1.10. Rocky rocks and gravel used to obtain sand from crushing screenings should not contain weak differences in an amount of more than 10% by weight, and rocks with a compressive strength below 40 MPa GOST 8736-85 pp. 7 (400 kgf / cm 2), and gravel grade Dr24 - no more than 15% by weight. With a higher content of weak differences, it is allowed to use only screenings obtained after the second and subsequent stages of crushing. Weak rocks include rocks with a compressive strength in a water-saturated state of less than 20 MPa (200 kgf / cm 2). 1.11. The quality of the mixture of natural sand and sand from crushing screenings must meet the requirements of this standard for the quality of sand from crushing screenings. 1.12. Sand from incidentally mined rocks and wastes of mining and processing enterprises, having an average grain density of more than 2800 kg / m 3 or containing grains of rocks and minerals classified as harmful impurities according to GOST 23845-79 and GOST 24100-80, should be produced according to industry and republican standards or technical specifications... Moreover, for each deposit or group of deposits, restrictions on maximum value average density and content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful impurities in accordance with GOST 23845-79 and GOST 24100-80, as well as methods for determining the content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful impurities. Restrictions on the average density and content of rocks and minerals attributed to harmful impurities are established on the basis of special studies, depending on the purpose of the sand and the operating conditions of the structures in which it is used. 2. RULES OF ACCEPTANCE 2.1. The sand produced by an enterprise (quarry) -manufacturer must be accepted by the technical control of this enterprise. The enterprise (quarry) -maker must ensure that the sand meets the requirements of this standard. 2.2. Sand is supplied in batches. The amount of sand simultaneously shipped to one consumer in one train or in one ship is considered a batch. When shipped by road, a batch is considered to be the amount of sand shipped to one consumer during the day. 2.3. Determination of the amount of supplied sand is made by volume or weight. Sand measurement is carried out in wagons, ships and cars. Weighing of sand, loaded in wagons or cars, is carried out on railway or truck scales. / The mass of sand loaded in ships is determined by the draft of the ship. GOST 8736-852.4. The recalculation of the amount of sand from weight units to volumetric ones is carried out according to the values of the bulk density of sand, determined in a state of natural moisture. When wet technological processes for sand production, the moisture content of the supplied sand and the bulk density used to convert the amount of sand from weight units to volumetric ones are established by agreement of the enterprise (quarry) -maker with the consumer, taking into account the conditions of sand extraction2, the operating experience of the quarry, geological exploration data, the time of the year, as well as coefficients of compaction of sand when loading it into vehicles. 2.5. Acceptance control of the quality of sand at an enterprise (quarry) -manufacturer consists of determining the grain size composition, the content of dusty and clay particles, including clay c. lumps. The quality control of the sand according to the indicated indicators is carried out every day for one replaceable sample in accordance with GOST 8735-75. Determination of the bulk density of sand is carried out once a quarter. For sand obtained from associated rocks and waste from mining and processing enterprises, in addition, the average density of grains and the content of inclusions of rocks and minerals attributed to harmful impurities are determined. These indicators are determined in each case of changes in the properties of sand, but at least once a year. For the specified sand supplied in accordance with clause 1.12, the frequency of determining the average density and content of rocks and minerals attributed to harmful impurities is established by industry, republican standards or technical conditions, but these definitions must be made at least once a quarter. 2.6. The provision of the standard values of the modulus of the size of the sand, indicated in table. 1 for each group of sand, during acceptance control according to PP. 2.6-2.8 must be at least 95% - For enriched sand of all types of the highest quality category, at least 90% - for enriched sand of all types of the first quality category and at least 80% - for natural sands and from crushing screenings. It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to supply sand, the size modulus of which is within the standard values specified in table. 1 for two adjacent groups of sand, if the difference between the upper and lower limits of the size modulus does not exceed 0.5. In this case, the above are taken for different types sand requirements for the provision of values of the modulus of size within |
