Wood carving for beginners: tools, master class, tips, stencils and templates for future craftsmen. Types of wood carving

One of the most exciting, fun activities is wood carving. Everyone can comprehend the basics of this skill. It will take very little time to master this noble skill and start creating delightful creations. Such products are durable, beautiful and practical, respectively, they will find a place in any home.

Woodcarving is one of the most exciting, fun activities

Before you start working with wood, you need to stock up on all the necessary tools. After all, if the master lacks something, the clipping will be problematic. Yes, and pleasure from such a creative process is unlikely to be obtained.

What devices and tools are needed:

saw;
brace or hand drill;
plane;
semicircular and flat chisels;
a set of knives;
small ax;
drill.

In stores, you can even see special sets of tools designed for carving. They are most likely suitable for beginners, since experienced carvers are too scrupulous in the choice of each individual tool.

Gallery: wood carving (25 photos)

Wood carving lesson for beginners (video)

How to learn to do geometric carving with your own hands: the basics

The main elements of geometric cutting are various geometric figures ... This kind of creativity is often used to transform various household items and even furniture. The simplest technique, which even beginners can do, is a triangular-notched thread, due to the minimum number of tools.

softwood;
jamb knife;
ruler;
pencil.

Various geometric shapes are considered the main elements of geometric cutting.

Progress:

Draw a pair of parallel lines with a line height exactly one centimeter.
Make staggered marks every centimeter.
Draw teeth in the form of triangles and mark them in the very center.
Connect the center of the triangle with the corners.
Deepen the toe of the incisor in the center to a depth of about five millimeters.
Tilt the heel of the incisor alternately to all corners of the triangle.
Tilting the cutter to the right, cut out one side of the triangle.
After that, turn the workpiece 90 degrees, cut the second side.
Do the same with the third party.
Cut out other triangles as well, resulting in a pattern called Single Triangles.
Mark the centers of the triangles at the top and connect them to the corners.
Similar to the previous step, cut out these details.
Re-trace the line and apply a similar pattern.
Cut out the triangles at the top and immediately mark the lower ones, also cut them out.

Sand all sloppy areas with sandpaper.

Wood carving for children

Even children can cut the simplest patterns on wood. Naturally, we are not talking about three-year-old kids, but at the age of ten, children can already try their hand at this skill. Better start carving simple elements, for example, a flower ornament.

Required tools and materials:

wood blank;
pencil;
tracing paper;
chisel corner;
semicircular narrow and wide chisels.

Even children can cut the simplest patterns on wood.

Cutting in stages:

Transfer the scheme first to tracing paper, and then not to a tree.
First, trim the contour of the central circle, then cut from the outer circle using a semicircular chisel.
Mark the flower petals.
Use a corner chisel to cut the petals along the contour.
Remove excess wood between the petals using the same tool.
Cut out the outer contour of the petals with a semicircular chisel.
Using a large semicircular chisel, make a couple of cuts towards the outline from the center of the flower.
In order to increase the area of the incision, it is necessary to perform the same manipulations one more time.
Round off the center of the flower by expanding a chisel for this.

Make several cuts with a corner chisel in the center of the flower.

How to carve a pattern on wood

Beginners cannot immediately cut pictures and fully master relief cutting, but make a simple pattern on wooden board they will not be a problem. Moreover, this does not require a lot of tools. All that is needed is a simple clerical knife and a few other little things.

Progress:

It is necessary to choose an ornament, or to come up with it yourself.
Attach the ornament to the cardboard and circle with the stylus.
Draw the outer contours of the stencil on the board.
Immediately cut and inner by placing the knife at an angle.
Cut out all the other details.
Cut all the contours with a knife again.
Refine all details.
Treat the surface, thereby creating the illusion of volume.
Round off the contours, cut off all existing sharp corners.
Work out every detail, give it volume.

Beginners cannot immediately cut pictures and fully master relief cutting.

Treat the surface sandpaper and varnish.

How to make a decorative plate out of wood: a master class

In order to move on to the manufacture of complex wood products, it is not enough just to read a self-instruction manual on this skill. This requires certain skills. You don't need to be scared by doing a few simple jobs you can safely start making a decorative plate. Everything will certainly work out.

Required materials and tools:

linden board;
jigsaw;
cutters for woodwork;
sandpaper.

In order to move on to the manufacture of complex wood products, it is not enough just to read a self-instruction manual on this skill.

Progress:

Smoothly, without the slightest jerks, cut the board, give it the desired shape.
Sand the wood immediately.
In technology geometric thread cut out the triangles.
Use a semicircular cutter to cut a recess along the perimeter of the oval.
Increase the depth gradually.
Smooth out the formed grooves and sand them with sandpaper.
Soak the product with linseed oil or simply soak it with strong tea.

Sand the dry plate with sandpaper.

Not every raw material is suitable for cutting, because the final result depends on its choice. There are both hard and soft varieties. Each variety has its own advantages and disadvantages, a special processing technology is assumed.

Among the soft rocks, the following can be distinguished:

Pine;
aspen;
Linden;
juniper;
Birch.

The advantage of the soft material is ease of processing. At the same time, it is much easier to spoil soft wood, just one wrong movement is enough.

Hard varieties that are used in the creative process:

boxwood;
Red tree.

The price of hardwood is quite high. Despite this, carvers prefer to use them, since products from them are not only beautiful, but also durable.

In addition to the hardness of the material, its color should also be considered. Light-colored wood may soon darken at the cut points. Therefore, when cutting large ornaments, it is recommended to use coniferous raw materials.

Geometric wood carving for beginners (video)

Many are frightened by this kind of creativity as wood cutting. The job seems difficult and exhausting. In fact, even a child can cope with simple tasks. After a while, any beginner can acquire the necessary skills to make real masterpieces in the future.

The presented woodcarving lessons will introduce beginners to this craft, so that you can create objects from natural material with your own hands.

The history of the origin of the craft and types

Wood carving is a kind of arts and crafts that originated in antiquity. In Russia, woodcarving was called carving, and the drawing carried out in this technique was a sign, patterned, ornamental. In this technique, the craftsmen performed braids, teeth, grooves, poppies, fungi, etc. on a flat surface. You can see such samples in the Assumption Cathedral by visiting the royal place.

Russia owes the development of woodcarving to the monk Ambrose, a novice of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, who at the end of the 15th century combined Russian ornament with Western and Eastern designs in his works.

In 1660, the craftsmen decorated the royal dining room with German carvings, which were figured, with Gothic motives. This is how elements of German carving appeared in Russian carving, including new tools and terms.

Thread types are conventionally divided into:

end-to-end;
deaf;
brownie;
sculptural;
chainsaw thread.

Here's how they differ:

Through thread is subdivided into invoice and through. This includes slotted thread when the through sections are cut with incisors and chisels; and profiled threads, where such areas are cut with a jigsaw or saw. If these types of carving are performed using a relief ornament, then this is called openwork.
If the treated tree does not contain a single through hole, such a thread is called blind.
House carvings are used to decorate the facades of buildings.
Sculptural - one of the most difficult types of carving, it requires a lot of skill. In this technique, figures of animals, sculptures of people are made.
With the help of a chainsaw thread, global work is performed. This requires strength, therefore it is more suitable for men, while women can successfully master other types of carving.

Woodworking tool, cutting blanks

Beginners can only use 2 tools - a well-honed penknife and a jamb knife.

When you learn how to perform simple elements with them, you want to improve, then you can buy tools for wood, for example, such a set.

There may be even more tools, but such a number is needed only for professional carvers performing complex work.

See what types of grooves you can make with semicircular cutters different sizes, acute-angled.

But what set of tools a cabinetmaker should have in order to perform the following types of woodwork:

thread;
sawing off;
splitting and cutting;
planing;
turning;
chiselling.

Pay attention to the cutters that are used for hand turning wood. In addition to the semicircular one, there is also a flat oblique, angular, cut-off, beveled, angular, etc.
Saws are used to cut the workpiece. They can be transverse, longitudinal, universal. Rip saw teeth are chisel-shaped; in the transverse ones, they are triangular, sharp. The universal ones are equipped with right-angled teeth. Such a tool can cut fibers both lengthwise and across and at an angle. Each of these saws can be hacksaws, simple, one-handed.
If the workpiece is made from a ridge, a bar or a trunk, then axes or cleavers are used. Teslo is a type of ax, the blade is located perpendicular to the ax handle, it is used to create curly and concave products.
To remove shavings from the workpiece, turning or hand tools are used, planers can be used.

The figure shows: axes (a - this is a carpenter's, b - a carpenter's, in - a carpenter's); g - cleaver; e - f - tesla (d - for sampling a depression, f - used to create sculptures).

The most popular carving tools are chisels. They usually consist of:

steel rods;
cutting blades;
shank.

Check out what some types of chisels are for:

Wide and straight are used for cutting or cleaning flat or convex workpieces.
With round blades - for working with horny knots or hardwood.
With the help of narrow ones, the workpiece is processed in narrow places.
A chisel with a thick steel rod is used to clean a deep cavity or workpiece with a hollow. The chisel is deepened into the wood with a mallet.
Gutters of various depths and radii are made with clucars.
Grooves and triangular grooves are made with angle chisels.

These are the basic tools for carving, but there are also special ones. For example, spoon cutters are used for volumetric cutting. For large items, a T-shaped cutter is often used.

Wood carving: sketches and master classes

After you have learned a lot of useful things, have acquired the necessary, let's try to cut a flower. To make it, you need the following:

flat piece of wood;
pencil;
transparent paper;
v-shaped chisel corner;
narrow and wide semicircular chisels.

If you don't already have a V-chisel, you can use a sharp knife for this pattern.

Attach a piece of paper to the screen, redraw the diagram.

Then transfer it to a piece of wood. Start by trimming the outline of the center circle, then use the large semicircular chisel to cut towards the center of the outer circle.

Mark the flower petals.

Using a V-shaped corner chisel, cut the petals along the contour.

With the same tool, remove excess wood between the petals ("triangles").

Take in your hand the next tool for woodwork - a semicircular chisel to cut out the outer contour of the petal. In doing so, it will look like the upper part of the heart.

Use a large semicircular chisel to make cuts within the petal outline.

With a small semicircular chisel, make two cuts on this contour from the center of the flower.

To increase the cut area, cut again.

Unfold the chisel and round the center of the flower.

Now you need to take the next carving tool - a V-shaped chisel and make such cuts in the center of the flower.

Everything, you can admire the result of the work.

If you want to carve a fox, the following sketches will come in handy.

If you want to make butterflies, wood carving sketches are also included.

If you want to make a form for a printed cookie with the image of the Snow Maiden, then prepare:

beech plank;
ruler;
jigsaw;
simple pencil;
ruler;
sandpaper;
eraser;
linseed oil.

Draw a rectangle on the board. Cut it out.

If you don't have electric jigsaw, then you can cut the workpiece with a saw or an ordinary hand jigsaw.

Make the cut surface even with sandpaper. If the farm has Grinder, use it for this procedure. Transfer the drawing to the workpiece using a simple pencil.

With the help of a semicircular chisel, we make a depression in the place of the face, then again we apply its contours here.

Continuing wood carving sketches will help you cut the facial features correctly. At this stage, we also make a cape on the head of the Snow Maiden. Note that it is at a level above the face.

Based on the sketch, cut out other elements of the workpiece.

Now you need to erase the pencil with a rubber eraser, then with the finest sandpaper. If you immediately do this with a sandpaper, then part of the lead will rub into the wood.

Pour linseed oil into a container, immerse our wooden form for an hour. If you are doing a lot of work, then saturate it with oil using a swab or squirrel brush and leave to dry for 3-4 days.

That's it, you can roll out the dough, cut it into rectangles, apply a pattern with a wooden blank and bake.

To prevent the cookies from burning in some places, you need to cut a stamp out of wood so that it does not have too prominent elements.

How to cut a sign for a bath?

For her, take:

a board (in this case, a coniferous tree fit was used);
triangular ruler;
simple pencil;
saw;
furniture varnish in a spray can;
stain;
brush;
sandpaper.

Divide the board visually into 3 parts, make cuts.

To draw letters, download the ones you like from the Internet, then redraw them onto wood. You can use this sample.

Draw oak leaves on the right and left on the plate.

Next, the thread itself begins. For beginners, such tasks are great, because they do not require lengthy training and a lot of tools. Three types of incisors were used here: a joint-incisor and chisels "tatyanka". Using a scythe-cutter along the outlined contours, make cuts according to the pattern, with a chisel cut under the contour to highlight the pattern above the background.

Further, the carved surface is sanded with sandpaper No. 180 and No. 220. At the top and bottom of the plate, draw clouds, cut them out with a jamb-cutter and a chisel, and then sand.

It remains to cover the product with a stain. For this plate, it was applied in 1 layer, and when it dried up, the indentations were painted a second time. After that, you need to go through the letters with sandpaper to give the effect of a three-dimensional image.

After coating with varnish from a spray can, you need to let it dry for 12 hours and you can hang the plate in place.

How to turn DIY soap into beautiful flowers?

You can carve not only from wood, but also using soap. It's over soft material and at first you can "fill" your hand on it.

This soap will be a nice present for your friends. After all, manual work is very much appreciated. In order to make a rose from soap, you need little, namely:

a piece of soap;
cutter;
brush.

Determine the center on the soap, it is here with a chisel to make a core, for this, tilt it at an angle of 45 °, make 6 edges. Then, place the chisel perpendicular to the bar of soap, cut in a circle to remove excess and define the core.

Then you need to cut out the second and subsequent petals. At the same time, move from left to right in a circle.

This is what the work should look like after you make the first circle.

Perform the second and subsequent ones in a checkerboard pattern in relation to the previous ones.

Here's how to decorate soap with your own hands by combining carving and wood carving.

Finally, you are offered 3 plots. From the first one you will learn in detail about woodcarving, about tools for beginners.

After viewing the second, you will be able to carve a spoon with a beautifully carved handle.

In the third, you will learn how to carve a charming rose from wood.

Wood carving is a broad concept that encompasses any kind of work associated with transforming a piece of wood into an aesthetic object using special tool... Wood carving is almost always aesthetics, and rarely carries any functional significance, although in some cases it can be functional as well, such as in the case of furniture making. self made, special devices or cladding panels... Wood carving has a history of thousands of years, and traces of this art can be found in almost every corner of our planet.

Compared to other types of art, such as stone sculptures, ancient examples of wood carving are not so widely represented as over time, wood deteriorates and decays much faster. Some interesting specimens appeared in ancient egypt... These are, for example, beautiful decorative wooden panels with drawings and inscriptions carved on them, or the famous sarcophagi of mummies found in various tombs. A particularly interesting example of carpentry, about 6,000 years old, was found in Egypt. It is a sarcophagus that was made of sycamore wood and decorated with bronze, ebony, rock crystal and quartz.

Christianity contributed to a new round in the development of woodcarving, and samples of this time are well preserved to this day, and their bulk falls on the period 500 - 1500 BC. Carving examples from this era often illustrate Christ and images of other saints. In those days, wood was made for churches. decorative panels with beautiful carvings telling about the life and death of Christ. Around the same time, in Japan, Buddhism was experiencing its rise and gave rise to woodcarving. Special cutting styles were developed, which led to the creation of many different types of wooden Buddha sculptures.

One of the most simple forms wood carving is planing, which consists in removing excess parts of a wooden object with a simple knife. Most often, soft types of wood are used for planing. a regular knife may not be able to handle cutting hardwood. As a rule, planing is a kind of hobby, passion, but it can take more serious forms and produce beautiful objects of art. Some planers make very beautiful pieces of wood. Canes and various wooden Toys and trinkets. The main difference between planing and other forms of wood carving is that it uses a regular knife and not a chisel or any other professional tool.

There are many different tools that can be used in wood carving, and craftsmen take their chisels and chisels with great trepidation. Each type of tool has a different size and shape, allowing the woodworker to do his job with high precision... The mallet is used to increase the force of impact cutting tool on hard wood, and for rigid fixation of the workpiece to be processed, a special vice is installed on the workbench. The main set of tools includes: a chisel, which is a powerful blade with a straight edge and is used to mark and level flat areas on a piece of wood; a semicircular chisel in the shape of a curved blade and used for making rounds and cutting depressions; triangular chisel, which is essentially a chisel for deeper cutting; V-shaped blade for contouring; and a knife for cutting wood, used in small jobs of a different nature.

Very often I am asked to teach woodcarving. Usually this question is asked by people who are very far from the carving business, and have little idea of how this is a voluminous layer of knowledge and skills. Therefore, I try to concretize the request by asking the questions: "What style of carving are you interested in?", "What kind of product do you want to cut?" etc. For some reason, in the modern environment there is an idea that there are always miracle courses, after completing which in 1-2 months, you can become a real carver. At the same time, people forget that truly beautiful carvings are the result of a lot of hard work. I'm not talking about the internal component, there is no beauty without pleasure from the process. So what prevents you from starting to cut yourself, why is everyone waiting for the "magic pill"?
With the help of this article, I will share materials for self-study wood carving. So, the first thing we need is materials and tools. To help the article - I am not satisfied with what is sold in your region, we go to online stores (Tatyanka, Stameskino) or are looking for someone who can make a tool to order.
The tool and material have appeared, but we do not know which side to approach? To help you methodological materials... The book by Mikhail Ilyaev - the Basics of a Skilled Carver - helped me a lot in due time. In addition, I post links to video tutorials on geometric carving from Ekaterina Popkova.

Lesson 1 Basic element of geometric thread - chisel

Lesson 2 Triangle

Lesson 3 Rosette

Lesson 4 Rosette with petals

Lesson 5 Pinwheel rosette

Afterword

I hope this article was useful to you, and very soon you will become a real master of carving. Write in the comments that it is not clear what else is required for training.

Of all the types of carving, the relief technique is one of the most expressive. Realistic wooden bas-reliefs, with neat detailing, spectacular play of shadows and correctly constructed composition, are capable of truly bewitching. The embossed technique can be considered as a transitional step to sculptural carving, which is rightfully considered the crown of the carved art.

In this article we will talk about basic principles embossed wood carving. Our advice will be useful not only for novice carvers, but also for craftsmen who have already tried their hand at this technique. Using the example of the proposed project, you will get acquainted with the basic principles of clean and accurate cutting, learn how to correctly model the volume, master professional secrets that will help emphasize the three-dimensional qualities of a carved composition.

What is the difference between embossed carving and other techniques?

The relief technique is distinguished from flat-relief, contour, geometric and other types of non-volume carving, first of all, by its emphasized three-dimensional character. The main composition here comes to the fore due to the cropped background, due to which the image becomes more expressive, with a characteristic abundance of chiaroscuro.

If the main drawing of the composition rises only slightly, no more than half of the thickness of the entire product, then such a thread is called a bas-relief (and the product itself is a bas-relief). With a higher and protruding relief, the thread is called high relief.

Newbie Toolkit

To learn how to carve wood, it is not at all necessary to acquire an arsenal of chisels, knives and other cutters, as many tend to think. To master the basic skills of relief technique, a few corner chisels (gameus) will be enough, for example, 10 mm and 6 mm, straight chisels 12 mm, radius (semicircular) 10 mm, a scoring knife and a small graver. The rest of the types of chisels for wood carving are appropriate to acquire as the skill of carving grows.

Always observe the sharpness of the instrument. If the chisel leaves a rough mark and cleaves the wood in small chips, instead of easily peeling off the neat layers, this is a sure sign that the chisel needs sharpening. A blunt tool spoils the quality of work, requires a lot of effort when carving and does not give a beginner carver the opportunity to correctly "feel" the chisel.

Which wood to choose for embossed carving?

The correct choice of wood is the key to success for the master mastering the intricacies of this technique. Almost all soft hardwoods are optimal for the needs of carvers: aspen, alder, birch, walnut, etc. But the main wood for most craftsmen, who are engaged not only in volumetric, but also in flat, flat, geometric and other types of wood carving, is linden.

Linden is a soft and light wood with a uniform density, due to which it lends itself especially well to processing: it is easy to cut, sharpen and plan in all directions. Linden almost does not shrink and does not dry out, does not emit tannins, therefore it is considered an ideal raw material, including for making dishes. The disadvantage of linden is its poor coloration in other colors.

Practicing the skills of relief carving on the example of the "Fox" project

We will tell you step by step how to make a bas-relief carving on a tree using the example of a simple project "Fox". We recommend using a linden cut or a regular plank made of any other soft hardwood as a blank.

To transfer a drawing to a wooden base, a carbon copy is used, as the most simple and effective solution... If necessary, the lines of the copy paper can be easily erased, making the necessary changes as you go. Fix the piece of wood or place a rubber backing under it to prevent the pattern from shifting during transfer. Think about where to place the image so that the composition looks the most lively and interesting. In our case, we will move it from the center to the bottom (photo 1).

Use a corner chisel to cut the outer contour. #12 (blade width 10 mm/injection 60 °). It will allow not only to make a neat stroke of the main shape, but also immediately remove a significant part of the background (photo 2).

Technique for performing a cut with an angle chisel:

Fix the tool tightly with your left hand, and push it forward with your right hand; the correct grip of the chisel will allow you to accurately guide the cutter, maintain a neat cutting line and prevent the blade from sliding off the contour.
Mark the main contour of the lines with a cutter, then cut them to the desired depth (in our case 4-5 mm). By cutting wood little by little, you will have better control over the carving process and reduce the risk of chipping.
Overcome the resistance of the wood, evenly distribute the pressure on the chisel, achieving a smooth and uniform surface.
When working with a chisel, take into account the direction of the grain of the wood, because the cutter always tends to move along the solid annual rings.
Do not under any circumstances point the chisel in your direction: cut away from you or hold the tool parallel to your chest.
Cut right behind the pencil lines, keeping them visible.

Correct and accurate background removal is in many ways the essence of relief woodcarving. Mastering this skill is a challenging task for a novice carver. Radial chisels (semicircular or sloping) help to remove a lot of background with minimal effort. In our case, we will leave the background of the composition in the form of wide decorative grooves (photo 3). If necessary, it can be flattened using a flat chisel.

Having formed the background, let's return to the corner chisel and once again “for finishing” we will walk along the contour of the main composition (photo 4). After that we trim the background (photo 5).

Corner chisels are ideal for fine contouring #15 (blade width 6 mm/injection 45 °) or #16 (blade width 6 mm/injection 35 °).

Outline the fox's eye, keeping the pencil outline (photo 6). Go down and work on the mouth: carefully select the background around the teeth and inside the mouth (photo 7). Focus on the volume and laws of perspective in the composition: since the front teeth are in the foreground, they should be slightly raised. Work on the area of the nose.

To work out the shape of the head, use a radius (sloping) chisel with a width 10 mm... Start with the ears: make the left ear in the foreground taller (Photo 8).

Round off the shape of the head (photo 9), making a smooth transition to the muzzle, which should remain flatter and without pronounced volume (photo 10).

When working on specific areas, do not forget to periodically evaluate the overall composition: how well the volume flows, how the perspective is worked out, etc. Here, each detail is interconnected. Embossed carving should be perceived as a complete composition, and not a collage of a set of carved elements.

To work on this element, use a cerazik - a deep semicircular chisel with a width 5 mm(photo 11). This narrow tool is good for working out small elements and creating the relief of the leaf.

Make a neat trimming along the entire perimeter of the sheet so that it stands out well from the overall composition and, as it were, is torn off from the background (photo 12). Having outlined the main outline and choosing a background around the sheet, proceed to cutting the veins (photo 13). After finishing the formation of the relief, cut off all the remaining flat places with a graver (photo 14).

Using the trimming knife, create a deep shadow over the eye, move the lower eyelid with the incisor and give the eye a roundness (Pic 15).

Finish with a chisel the study of small elements of the mouth (photo 16).

Imitation of the texture of wool is an important skill that every carver needs to practice, as in the future you will repeatedly encounter carvings of various animals. In the presented project, fox hair is created according to the simplest scheme: cerazik 5 mm short and shallow strokes are made (arrows indicate the direction of natural growth of the animal's fur) (photo 17).

For greater naturalism, you can work out the texture of the wool with a thin steel cutter - a graver. Work on the texture until there is not a single flat spot left.

How to clean wood carvings?

With careful work, the most sharply sharpened cutters almost always leave rough spots and minor defects that need to be eliminated. Use a fine graver to clean out recessed areas and trim small chips. Volumetric surfaces are cleaned sandpaper P150... To finally make sure that there are no unnoticed small defects, wipe the painting with a cloth soaked in white spirit, and once again carefully examine it under different angles... When all the imperfections are cleaned up, you can start finishing.

How to cover wood carvings?

For monochromatic finishes, the following compositions are used:

Stain ... In flat-relief carving, they are used not only in order to give wood a more noble appearance... With the help of stain, they enhance the contrast of certain areas, they, in turn, emphasize the relief and volume of the composition. To achieve this effect, it is sufficient to apply the stain on the deep areas of the threads, which should appear shaded.

If you decide to completely tint your work, you need to use the stain carefully, taking into account the type of wood and the peculiarities of the workpiece on which the composition is carved. Under the influence of moisture, the shallow-relief thread can swell, warp, raised pile and other defects can form on it, which will irreparably spoil the appearance of the work. A common flaw in thread staining is tone irregularity, which is especially common in the places where the bars are glued.