Class: 4

Lesson presentation

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Target:

• To acquaint students with the work of A.P. Chekhov "Vanka".
• Form the skill of conscious and expressive reading.
• Learn to analyze the text on questions, express your own thoughts, reason.
• Develop observation, oral speech, attention.
• Learn to observe the author's word, author's position.
• To foster moral qualities, a culture of communication.

Equipment: projector, presentation, exhibition of books by A.P. Chekhov, explanatory dictionaries.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

2. Checking homework.

Summing up the results of the drawing competition based on the work of A.P. Chekhov “Steppe”.

Find a mistake in the plan. Arrange everything correctly, in accordance with the plot of the story.

3. The work of Chekhov "Vanka".

1. Introduction.

Guys, open the tutorials on page 77 and tell me, what work will we get to know today? (slide 1)

Yes, this is the work of A.P. Chekhov "Vanka". (slide 2)

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a Russian writer known all over the world.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy called Anton Pavlovich Chekhov “The incomparable artist of life”, and we will have to make sure of this in the lesson. His stories about children are unsurpassed masterpieces of Russian literature. Everything about them is true. A.P. Chekhov was very fond of children. In his relationship with them there was a lot of warmth, sincere joy and amusing play. He willingly talked with the children for a long time, wrote them playful letters, drew entertaining pictures, showed great attention to children's reading.

Chekhov has no special, "children's" works. He said: “I don’t know how to write for children at all”. But the works of Chekhov are understandable to children because the writer knew life well and knew how to tell about it in a captivating way. Let's remember what works of the great writer do you already know?

(slides 3-4)

2. Preparation for the perception of the text.

What can you say about the lives of children?

But can all children sleep peacefully, do they all have a happy childhood?

Knowing another childhood, difficult, devoid of everything that a child needs, Chekhov writes about him in his work "Vanka".

Who is Vanka? Vanka is your peer who lived in the 19th century, a little over 100 years ago. In those days, it also happened that poverty, hopelessness forced the parents of their children to be sent to work as nannies, caretakers, in the service of rich gentlemen. Very often, children were sent to the city, to study with an artisan, so that they could master some kind of craft. But the owners of handicraft workshops usually forced other people's children to perform various hard work: transporting water, collecting firewood, washing floors, babysitting the owner's children. Was it here before the training? But no matter how sorry the mother was to give her child to someone else's house, they had to do so in order to survive. In spite of everything, the parents of such children believed that it was better to be far from home, even if it was hard for the child, but still he would be fed, learn something, and earn a little money. And if the child was an orphan, then his life was especially difficult, because no one could stand up for him.

And here is Moscow in the 19th century. The peasant boy is your age, brought from the village to the big city. Look at the world through the eyes of the heroes of the story by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and try to penetrate into the life of the “big” and the life of the “little”, to see the differences and disunity of these two worlds.
Let's fast forward to that distant time, imagine winter snow-covered Moscow, night, in a hut with a candle, a boy sits on his knees in front of a bench and writes something ...

3. Primary perception of the text. Read aloud by the teacher or pre-trained students.

Discussion with students of the first impression of the listened story.

Your impressions of the work you read. (Children sayings)

What moved you while reading this story?

4. Vocabulary work.

There are words in the text, the meanings of which may not be clear to everyone, including obsolete words - i.e. words that have fallen out of common use today.

Try to explain their meaning. You can use a dictionary for this.

Each group looks for the meanings of words in explanatory dictionaries.

• 1 group - matins, block, spandrel;
• Group 2 - kliros, hauling, sheepskin coat;
• Group 3 - image, glacier, maid;
• Group 4 - backup, coachman, coachman.

(slides 8-9)

Matins - early church service on holiday; block- a piece of wood in the shape of the lower part of the leg to the ankle, used for sewing shoes; spandyr- special boot strap, whip.

Choir is a place for singers in the church in front of the iconostasis; hauling- punishment; sheepskin coat- long-brimmed fur coat.

Image is an icon ; glacier- a cellar, a cold place for storing food; housemaid- a servant in a wealthy house, cleaning rooms.

Podpasok - a boy helping a shepherd; coachman- a worker who drives horses; coachman - coachman).

5. Reading “to yourself”.

6. Work on content (highlighting compositional parts, selective reading, performing assignments to the text).

Read how Vanka is going to write a letter.

How did he feel while living there? (fear, nervousness, loneliness).

What words convey this to us? (“… He scaredly looked back several times at the doors and windows, squinted at the dark image… he sighed intermittently”).

Vanka lives in constant fear of the owners. And the author with every movement of Vanka shows his fear, precaution, harassment, nervousness, loneliness.

Why did Chekhov call the story "Vanka" and not "Vanya"? (To common people in those days they were treated so disrespectfully as to emphasize their powerless position and their domination over them).

To whom did Vanka write the letter? Read the first phrase from his letter? What does he call grandfather? Read about yourself the description of Konstantin Makarovich and compose an oral message about him using the right words:

"Tall, skinny, small, sullen, with a laughing face, tough, good-natured, cheerful, quiet, modest, joker, shoemaker, watchman, smokes a pipe, sniffs tobacco."

Which of these words are appropriate for the verbal portrait of the grandfather?

And how does the writer talk about the dogs of Konstantin Makarovich? Read it.

How does this passage make you feel?

(slide 11-12)

What life in the village seemed to Vanka in his memories? Why?

Find and read the description of the night village.

The image of the village is beautiful, just as beautiful and tempting is the boy's thought of returning home.

Can we contrast the description of this landscape with the dark workshop of a shoemaker?

How Vanka remembers his past life with your mother and grandfather?

Find an excerpt about how Vanka and his grandfather chose a Christmas tree.

What mood does this passage convey?

What does the story about the young lady Olga Ignatievna say?

Does she look like Vanka's city owners?

Does Chekhov condemn the young lady Olga Ignatievna?

(“… I learned from nothing to do…”)

How did Vanka's life change after his mother's death?

What is Human Cuisine? (kitchen where food was prepared for the servants)

How do you understand the expression "Vanka got rid of"?

What is the difference in the meaning of the words “sent” and “got rid of”?

(They let them go - they escorted them out, forced them to leave. That is, he became a burden, superfluous, unnecessary.)

Chekhov is a master of words, he knows how to create a characterization of a person with the help of a word, a short phrase.

There is one very interesting technique that Chekhov uses. By the way different people relate to a child, the writer, in essence, talks about the person himself: whether he is good or angry, whether he is greedy, is he capable of compassion.

Find in the text how the city owners of Vanka are characterized.

Why was Vanka dragged out?

How is Vanka fed?

Does Vanka sleep at night?

How do apprentices relate to him?

(Heartless, rude, evil, soulless dumb apprentices)

No one doubts that the Vankins' masters and apprentices are cruel, indifferent people.

On the eve of what holiday is Vanka writing a letter? (Christmas)

Is it by chance that Vanka writes a letter on Christmas Eve? (Vankin's dream is a kind of Christmas fairy tale, which is not destined to come true.)

How does Vanka talk about Moscow? What amazed him?

Are his observations about Moscow interesting? Read it. Vanka makes very valuable and important remarks about Moscow, which only a very attentive and observant boy can do, moreover, a boy who is interested in many things, who knows how to compare life in the city with life in the countryside. He is also interested in what animals are in Moscow and which are not, and what character Moscow dogs have, and what is sold in stores, and how a village church differs from a city church, etc.

7. Characteristics of the main character.

Let's characterize the main character, compose a verbal portrait of Vanka Zhukov.

(children's statements)

How is the letter written: does Vanka follow the rules of politeness? Read it.

Despite the extremely difficult situation in which Vanka is, he writes a letter according to all the rules: he begins with a polite address, then congratulates his grandfather on Christmas and wishes him all the best, and only after that begins to complain. At the end of the letter, he sends his obeisances to all his acquaintances. This is the culture of communication.

The boy's talent, the richness of his imagination, his observation, memory that contains all the impressions of childhood are amazing.

The boy is quick-witted, active and resourceful, although Vanka's life in the city is very difficult, he does not lose his keen interest in life.

What is Vanka's speech?

When Vanka talks about his hopeless life while studying with a shoemaker, “einy”, “harya”, “muzzle”, “crackle” appear. Rough life gives rise to the corresponding words. And the memories of life at home, in the village, are associated with beauty. And the words in which the pictures of memories are clothed are bright, figurative, light.

How does Chekhov feel about his hero? With what feeling does he write about Vanka? The writer is clearly admiring him.

How do you feel about Vanka?

Imagine that you can meet Vanka. What would you tell him?

How did Vanka sign the envelope? What address did he indicate?

Do you think grandfather will receive this letter?

The lack of an exact address on the envelope is due to the fact that Vanka spent most of his life in a village where everyone is known by name and patronymic, where it is not necessary to indicate the exact address in order to deliver a note or letter. Vanka could not even imagine that apart from his native village, Moscow was surrounded by hundreds of other villages, that his letter had no chance of getting to the addressee.

Which phrase from this story became winged? ("To the village of grandfather", that is, no one knows where)

Humanity and justice illuminate the hopes of nine-year-old Vanka Zhukov to return to the village. This is not at all an egoistic dream of improving only one's own fate, this is the movement of a morally pure and kind soul.

3. Summing up. Homework.

This small literary masterpiece reaches the heights of tragedy. The bitter orphan fate of the boy is also perceived in a broader sense. "Roly", like many of Chekhov's works, is about loneliness, about how difficult it is to be understood, about the impossibility of anticipating the suffering of another person, about the opposition of two worlds: adults and children, about indifference, cruelty, callousness of the adult world.

Homework: Exercises in expressive reading of the episodes "Vanka", "How Vanka is going to write a letter" "Letter", "Description of Moscow", "Grandfather", "Description of a frosty night in the village", "Grandfather chopping a Christmas tree", "Christmas tree in a master's house", “Vanka's Promises”, “Loach Dog”.

Lesson topic: Description of the hero. A.P. Chekhov "Vanka"

Lesson objectives:

Acquaintance with the work of A.P. Chekhov, with the peculiarities of the work "Roly";

Lesson Objectives :

to form the skills of conscious, correct, expressive, fluent reading;

to increase the level of students' perception of a literary work;

to acquaint with biographical information about the author of the studied work;

develop critical thinking, coherent oral and written speech, creative imagination, visual memory;

foster a culture of mental work, the ability to listen and respect the opinion of their comrades, to assess their own activities.

Lesson type: a lesson in obtaining new knowledge.

Lesson equipment: L.A. Efrosinin. " Literary reading... Grade 3 ", L. A. Efrosinina. Workbook"Literary reading. Grade 3" (part 1),multimedia projector,portrait of A.P. Chekhov; cards with tasks, a balloon with wishes,

Planned results

Subject: formation of the required level of reading competence; mastering the technique of reading; methods of reading and listening comprehension; learn to read expressively, draw up a short retelling plan, solve educational and practical problems; formation of the required level of reading competence;

Metasubject: WPMP mastering the algorithms of basic educational actions for the analysis and interpretation of works of art; mastering the techniques of finding the necessary information when reading a storyA.P. Chekhov "Vanka";RUUD to rely on the reference points of action allocated by the teacher, to plan their activities, mastering the algorithms of the main educational actions for the analysis and interpretation of the stories heard; KUUD express thoughts accurately, clearly and simply, be aware of the goals and situations of communication; mastering the basics of communication.

Personal : Motivate their actions; adequately perceive the assessment of the teacher and classmates; express interest in learning new things; acquaintance with universal human values; perception literary works as a special kind of art; expressing your point of view respecting the opinion of the interlocutor.

During the classes

Organizing time.

Psychological preparation of students for communication.

There are guests in our lesson, let's welcome the guests!

Let's put aside worries and failures.
Without giving up, let's get down to business,
And in this lesson we again
We'll all work on five.

Let's smile at each other to make everyone feel warmer on this cold winter day! May this lesson bring us the joy of fellowship and fill our hearts with good feelings.

Updating basic knowledge.

Guys, today I brought you a magic chest with secrets.

(Inkwell in the trunk, fountain pen, letter in an envelope)

What did you do the main character with these items?

The teacher takes out an envelope with a letter from the chest.

We also tried to write with such pens. Remember where and when?

- - So which section are we studying?

(- We are studying the section "At the school of life").

What piece did we get acquainted with in the last lesson?

(-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov "Vanka").

What biographical data from the life of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov do you remember?

(Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860-1904) was born in the city of Taganrog. There he studied at the gymnasium, worked in his father's shop, and in his free time sang in the church choir. The father of the family went bankrupt and the family left for Moscow. In Moscow, the Chekhov family has been living in dire poverty for a long time, almost three years. Anton, makes his living by tutoring. In 1879 he entered the medical faculty of Moscow University. After graduating from the university course in the rank of a district doctor, the writer began medicinal activities and until the end of his life he believed that medicine was his main business and vocation. The large Chekhov family subsisted on funds received from literary work and from Chekhov's medical practice.

It was 1886, A.P. Chekhov. lived at a time when it was impossible to speak openly about the hard life of children as apprentices. Chekhov was not indifferent, had a sensitive heart, being a doctor by training, he treated poor people for free, built 3 schools in the villages near Moscow for the poor at his own expense, made a very dangerous and difficult trip to Sakhalin in order to treat and make the life of the exiles a little easier.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov played an important role in the development of children's literature, although he believed that “. ... ... I can't write for children at all. ... ... one should not write for children, but be able to choose from what has already been written for adults, i.e. from real works of art ".

What is the name of the story?

What literary genre does it belong to?

(- This is a story, because the author describes one episode from the life of the hero).

So, remember all the hallmarks of a story.

(- Signs of the story: narrative, small volume, small number of heroes, description of one episode from the life of the hero.)

Who is the main character of the story?

(9-year-old boy - an orphan, Vanka Zhukov, apprenticed to a shoemaker).

What episode from his life is the story about?

(- The story is about how he writes a letter to his grandfather in the village).

Goal setting.

So, in the last lesson we got acquainted with the text of the work. Who guessed what we were going to do in today's lesson?

(- We will re-read the story. - We will analyze it).

- Today in the lesson we will notice, observe, reflect and draw conclusions.
- Today we will continue our acquaintance with the story of A. P. Chekhov "Vanka".

- Let's look at the world through the eyes of the heroes of the story by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and try to penetrate into the world of the “big” and the world of the “small”, to see the differences and disunity of these two worlds.

1. Dictionary and spelling work. (Working in pairs)

Refinement and enrichment vocabulary students based on the text of the work.

The text contains many unfamiliar words. When we first read the story, we explained them with the help of a dictionary. lexical meaning... Let's work in pairs and remember their meaning.

On your desks you have leaflets in which there are words in 1 column, and their explanation in column 2. Working in pairs, you will combine the words and their lexical meaning correctly.

shepherd boy

large sheepskin fur coat

whip like a Sidorov goat

not trust

coachman

boy helping shepherd

sheepskin coat

post-horse driver

pads

shop sellers

do not use credit

beat mercilessly

inmates

pieces of wood in the shape of a foot

(Students are working.)

Now, let's check it out. (Frontal check).

What does the abundance of old words in this story say?

(- A.P. Chekhov describes life in the past, then these words were used.)

(Show the tragedy more fully real life that time).

5. Work on the ability to navigate the read text. Selective reading.

Now check yourself how you are guided in the text.

Let's carry out a selective reading.

a) .- Find the description of Vanka. How does the author introduce us to him?

Find a description of the city where Vanka lives now.

(The description is read outMoscow 19th century .)

What kind historical facts did we learn from this passage?

(Moscow in the 19th century was a big city, the houses were very solid, as Vanka put it "lordly", on the streets you could see many horses, many shops, which were called shops, dogs ran through the streets). (5 slide opens )

b). - Find a passage that tells us aboutlike before delivered letters ?

(A passage about the coachmen is read.)

(So ​​that we can better imagine the time in which the main character of the story lived.)

v). Read an excerpt about where and how Vanka lived before.

What have we learned?

(What Vanka and in the village did not have a home of her own, that my mother lived in a noble house, working as a servant. Whatrich people didn't work , because the young lady taught Vanka to read and write only out of boredom.)

Stage output :

Now you understand how important it is to be able to navigate the text. How should one read a work in order to navigate well in it?

Sometimes it is necessary to return to what you have read. Even adults do it.

Game "Logic Chains"

Vanka took out a bottle of ink from the master's closet, a pen with a rusty nib ...

Vanka vividly imagined his grandfather Konstantin Makarych, who served as a night watchman ...

Vanka sighed, dipped his pen and continued to write: "And yesterday I was pulled out"

And Moscow is a big city. The houses are all master's and there are many horses, but there are no sheep and the dogs are not evil.

It was a fun time! And the grandfather quacked, and the frost quacked, and looking at them, and Vanka quacked.

Most of all, the young lady Olga Ignatievna, Vanka's favorite, was busy

Vanka folded a sheet of paper covered in four and put it in an envelope, bought the day before for a penny

Lulled by sweet hopes, an hour later he was fast asleep ...

Representatives from each group come out and post cards.

According to these sentences, the children draw up a short outline of the retelling.

Drafting short plan retelling.

The beginning of a letter to grandfather

Memories of life in the countryside

Continuation of the letter

Vanka's life in the city

The life of the young lady Olga Ignatievna

End of letter

Nadezhda Vanka.

). Dramatization: "Vanka is writing a letter."

(Preparing to work on drawing up the characterization of the hero.

Look at the screen, who do you see? What do you find unusual? What does Vanka look like? Does the drawing correspond to the description of Vanka in the story?

What have we learned from the letter? Why did Vanka end up in a strange city, with strangers?

(Mom died, and he was left an orphan without a livelihood.)

What other facts from his life does this letter open? (That he is not taught, that he works as a nanny and in the kitchen, he has to serve not only the owners, but also the apprentices, even steal.)

How did you feel when you first heard the text of this letter? (Pity for the boy.)

Why? (The boy is beaten with anything: with a spandy, and with stocks, dragged by the hair, mocked, humiliated, he sleeps in the cold hallway, always hungry.

How long has Vanka been living like this? (For three months already).

A why is Vanka writing a letter? (The teacher draws attention to Vanka's two lives "Before and After".

Stage output :

Is it possible to say that Vanka, who was apprenticed to a shoemaker, is doing badly.

He has no rights. Vanka is beaten, Vanka is malnourished, lacks sleep, Vanka falls for his own misdeeds (he didn’t clean the herring like that; he fell asleep, rocking the owner’s baby) and for other people's sins (the apprentices force him to steal cucumbers for them, for which they beat him again — so Vanka). On the other hand, Vanka does not lose a keen interest in life, despite the beatings and the terrible conditions in which he lives. He is observant and quick-witted, he is active and resourceful.

What problems does the boy have?

The boy's problem is powerlessness and boredom. He is not taught the craft, but is used as auxiliary workers. Unjustifiably offended. He dreams of breaking out of this terrible atmosphere of rudeness and slavery.

What does Vanka's "teaching" consist of?

The facts of Vanka's "learning" (that is, how he is offended and bullied).

Can we say that Vanka is developed? What is the reason for this?

Vanka spent part of his childhood in the master's house: while his mother was alive, who served as maids for the gentlemen, the gentlemen treated Vanka well, he was even taught to read, write, count, and quadrille. After the death of his mother, Vanka's life was worse, but also not bad - in the human kitchen with his grandfather: Vanka and his grandfather both guarded the manor house, and went to the forest in the winter for a Christmas tree. And only then the orphan Vanka, so as not to keep him in freeloaders, was sent to Moscow to study with a shoemaker. Thus, Vanka received that development in childhood. He is more developed and less hampered, the ability to resist life circumstances is more developed in him.

Would you agree that he is observant and extremely quick-witted?

He is no less impressive, but more active, nimble and resilient. Vanka is extremely observant: the part of the letter speaks about this, where he tells his grandfather about Moscow - with the words "Moscow is a big city." The description of the behavior and character of the dogs Vyun and Kashtanka also speaks of observation. The fact of writing and sending a letter to the grandfather, as well as its content, testifies to his ingenuity - what arguments Vanka gives in order for his grandfather to take him away - Vanka has already invented work for himself in the village, and paints optimistic pictures to his grandfather modern life with him, Vanka.

Why did he miss the address so much?

The lack of an exact address on the envelope is due to the fact that Vanka spent most of his life in the village, where everyone knows everyone by name - patronymic, where you do not need to indicate the exact address in order to deliver a note or letter. Vanka could not even imagine that apart from his native village Moscow was surrounded by hundreds of other villages, that his letter had no chance of getting to the addressee.

What part of Vanka's letter seems the most dramatic to you?

"And yesterday I was dragged out" and "Come, dear grandfather, - continued Vanka," I pray you by Christ God. " "I'll rub your tobacco."

How is the letter written: does Vanka follow the rules of Politeness?

Despite the extremely difficult situation in which Vanka is, he writes a letter according to all the rules: he begins with a polite address, then congratulates his grandfather on Christmas and wishes him all the best, and only after all this begins to complain. At the end of the letter, Vanka sends his obeisances to his friends. there is also a culture of communication with those who are older, a manifestation of respect for them, in this there is also a culture of writing a letter.

Does he describe his life vividly enough?

In describing his unhappy life, Vanka resorts to very expressive and memorable details. (how the hostess poked him in the face with a herring; how the owner beat him with a spandrel, how he hit him with a shoe, how apprentices force him to steal cucumbers; how he fell asleep, rocking the cradle with a child; how he painfully wants to eat)

Are his observations about Moscow interesting?

Concerning Moscow, Vanka makes very valuable and important remarks that only a very attentive and observant boy can do, and, moreover, a boy who is interested in many things, who knows how to compare life in the city with life in the countryside. He is also interested in what animals are in Moscow and which are not, and what character Moscow dogs have, and what is sold in stores, and how a village church differs from a city church, etc.

How the story is structured: what parts of different content alternate in it? What parts are presented on behalf of the author? What - on behalf of Vanka?

Chekhov's story is an alternation of the text presented in the third person - on behalf of the author, and the text of Vanka's letter - in the first person. The story begins on behalf of the author, and the author and Vanka are two completely separate personalities, then in other places, even where there is no direct speech of Vanka's letter, the author's gaze is sometimes replaced by Vanka's.

Is it scary to be in that time?

- Anton Pavlovich Chekhov turned to the problem of childhood with constant interest and attention. He was deeply moved by the thought of the disunity of the two worlds - the world of the “big” and the world of the “small”. - What is your attitude towards him? - And what do you think, does the author sympathize with his hero? Prove it.

(Yes, he sympathizes, but is unable to change the real life conditions of the hero.)

- Find the phrase from this story that became winged (To grandfather's village - which means - no one knows where)

Listen to a poem about a boy's life. Do these boys have similar fates?

* * *

The life of an orphan is a cruel lot.

Cracks, beatings, stale bread, water,

The ridicule of the servants, slave labor

All day and night, until the morning.

Still a child, then an old man in my soul,

He recalls his past life,

Huddled in a corner like a cricket

Praying for the image, yearning.

And his little past is like a miracle

Mom is there, he saw good there,

I learned to read and write and knew dancing well,

And got presents on Christmas Day.

Now half a child - half an old man

Only on paper pours out his soul.

What kind of torment I could not endure - always silent,

Orphan's tears cannot be dried up with hard work.

Endure, hope, be silent and wait

That miracle that someday will happen.

Maybe - maybe he will return home,

The end of his suffering will come.

And stopping at heart, breathe strange,

Hastily, somehow stealthily,

The letter he writes asking for help,

Looking back at the icons is guilty

Already a letter in his hand

The envelope is signed: “To the village. Grandfather. "

The driver got drunk in his cart

Will ride with him around the world.

And the errand boy wait and wait.

Tolerate foams, bullying, cuffs and hunger.

Hope will warm the soul

Like a hearth flame in a harsh cold.

- If you were artists, what colors would you use when describing Vanka's life?

The final stage of the lesson.

So our lesson is coming to an end, let's answer main question:

Why did A.P. Chekhov write this work?

(To show the difficult life of children in the past. He kind of tells us: “Appreciate

your childhood! Appreciate what you have! ").

So what is the main idea of ​​this piece?

(- The story makes people not be indifferent, have a sense of compassion and fight for a bright childhood for all children.)

Reflection.

How does the story end? (ellipsis)

Why? (This is the future, and we know that it is sad. Chekhov cannot change the living conditions of the hero, return him to the village. Life dictates its own laws.)

Is it an accident that Vanka writes a letter on the night of Christmas?

(Of course, not by chance. Vankin's dream of returning to the village to see her grandfather is a Christmas fairy tale, which is not destined to come true.)
- And my opinion is: I would like all dreams to come true. Indeed, it is on the bright holiday of the Nativity of Christ that the Christmas star lights up in the sky - the star of the most cherished desires... Miracles do happen!

Do you want to help the boy Vanya? You have stars in your envelopes, write on them good wishes and we will send them to Vanya.

(Stars are glued to a balloon in the shape of a heart and a balloon with wishes in the sky is released by the whole class) (at recess)

Homework

Prepare short story about Vanka Zhukov according to the plan drawn up or according to the plan given in the textbook on page 173

Vanka Zhukov, a nine-year-old boy who was sent three months ago to study with the shoemaker Alyakhin, did not go to bed on Christmas night. Waiting for the owners and apprentices to leave for matins, he took out of the master's cupboard a bottle of ink, a pen with a rusty nib and, spreading a crumpled sheet of paper in front of him, began to write. Before drawing the first letter, he several times fearfully looked back at the doors and windows, glanced sideways at the dark image, on either side of which there were shelves with blocks, and sighed intermittently. The paper lay on the bench, and he himself was kneeling in front of the bench. “Dear grandfather, Konstantin Makarych! - he wrote. - And I am writing you a letter. I wish you a Merry Christmas and wish you everything from God. I don’t have either a father or a mother, only you are the only one left for me. ” Vanka turned his eyes to the dark window, in which the reflection of his candle flashed, and vividly imagined his grandfather Konstantin Makarych, who served as the night watchman for the Zhivarevs. This is a small, skinny, but unusually nimble and agile old man of 65, with an always laughing face and drunken eyes. During the day he sleeps in a human kitchen or jokes with the cooks, while at night, wrapped in a spacious sheepskin coat, walks around the estate and knocks on his mallet. Behind him, heads down, walk the old Kashtanka and the dog Vyun, so nicknamed for its black color and body, as long as a weasel. This Vyun is unusually respectful and affectionate, looks equally affectionately at both his own and others, but does not use credit. His reverence and humility hides the most Jesuitical malice. No one better than him knows how to sneak up on time and bite on the leg, climb into a glacier or steal a chicken from a man. His hind legs were beaten off more than once, he was hanged twice, every week he was flogged to a pulp, but he always came to life. Now, perhaps, grandfather is standing at the gate, squinting at the bright red windows of the village church and, stamping on his boots, joking with the courtiers. His mallet is tied to his belt. He throws up his hands, shrinks from the cold and, giggling as an old man, nibbles first the maid, then the cook. - Why should we smell tobacco? - he says, substituting his snuffbox for the women. Women sniff and sneeze. The grandfather comes to indescribable delight, bursts into cheerful laughter and shouts: - Rip it off, frozen! Give sniff to tobacco and dogs. Kashtanka sneezes, twists her muzzle and, offended, steps aside. The loach, out of respect, does not sneeze and wags its tail. And the weather is great. The air is quiet, clear and fresh. The night is dark, but you can see the whole village with its white roofs and plumes of smoke coming from the chimneys, trees, silvered with hoarfrost, snowdrifts. The whole sky is strewn with merrily blinking stars, and Milky Way looms so clearly, as if it was washed and rubbed with snow before the holiday ... Vanka sighed, dipped his pen and continued to write: “And yesterday I was dragged out. The owner dragged me out into the yard by the hair and combed me off with a spandrel because I was rocking their child in the cradle and by accident fell asleep. And during the week, the hostess told me to peel the herring, and I started with the tail, and she took the herring and started poking me into my mug with her muzzle. The apprentices scoff at me, send me to the tavern for vodka and tell me to steal cucumbers from the owners, and the owner beats me with anything. And there is no food. They give bread in the morning, porridge for lunch and bread in the evening, and for tea or cabbage soup, the owners themselves crackle. And they tell me to sleep in the entryway, and when their child cries, I don't sleep at all, but swing the cradle. Dear grandfather, do God’s mercy, take me home from here to the village, there is no way for me ... I bow down to your feet and I will forever pray to God, take me away from here, otherwise I will die ... " Vanka twisted his mouth, rubbed his eyes with his black fist and sobbed. “I’ll rub your tobacco,” he continued, “I pray to God, and if anything, then cut me down like Sidorov's goat. And if you think I don’t have a position, then for Christ's sake I will ask the clerk to clean my boots, or instead of Fedka, I’ll go as a guard. Grandpa dear, there is no way, just one death. I wanted to run to the village on foot, but no boots, I'm afraid of the frost. And when I grow up big, I will feed you for this very thing and I will not give you an offense, but if you die, I will pray for the peace of your soul, just the same as for mother Pelageya. And Moscow is a big city. The houses are all master's and there are many horses, but there are no sheep and the dogs are not evil. The guys do not go with a star here and they don’t let anyone sing to the choir, and since I saw in one shop on the window hooks are sold directly with fishing line and for all kinds of fish, very worthwhile, even there is one hook that can hold a pood catfish. And I saw shops where all sorts of guns are in the manner of barin's, so I suppose each one a hundred rubles ... And in butchers' shops and black grouse, and hazel grouses, and hares, and in which place they shoot, the inmates do not say about that. Dear grandfather, when the gentlemen have a tree with presents, take me a gilded nut and hide it in a green chest. Ask the young lady Olga Ignatievna, tell me, for Vanka. " Vanka sighed convulsively and stared at the window again. He remembered that his grandfather always went to the forest for the tree for the gentlemen and took his grandson with him. It was a fun time! And the grandfather quacked, and the frost quacked, and looking at them, and Vanka quacked. Sometimes, before cutting down the tree, the grandfather smokes a pipe, sniffs tobacco for a long time, laughs at the chilled Vanyushka ... Young trees, shrouded in hoarfrost, stand motionless and wait for which of them to die? Out of nowhere, a hare flies like an arrow through the snowdrifts ... Grandfather cannot help but shout: - Hold, hold ... hold! Ah, you scanty devil! Grandfather dragged the felled Christmas tree into the manor's house, and there they began to clean it up ... The young lady Olga Ignatievna, Vanka's favorite, was most busy. When Vanka's mother Pelageya was still alive and served as maids for the gentlemen, Olga Ignatievna fed Vanka with candy and, out of nothing to do, taught him to read, write, count to a hundred and even dance a square dance. When Pelageya died, the orphan Vanka was sent off to the human kitchen to see his grandfather, and from the kitchen to Moscow to the shoemaker Alyakhin ... “Come, dear grandfather,” Vanka continued, “I pray to you by God, take me off the seat. Have pity on me, the unfortunate orphan, otherwise everyone is beating me and I want to eat passion, but boredom is such that I can't even say, I keep crying. And the other day the owner hit him on the head with a shoe, so that he fell and was forced to wake up. Lost my life worse than a dog Any ... And I also bow to Alena, the crooked Yegorka and the coachman, but do not give my harmony to anyone. Your grandson Ivan Zhukov remains, my dear grandfather, come. " Vanka folded a sheet of paper covered in four, and put it in an envelope, bought the day before for a penny ... After thinking a little, he dipped his pen and wrote the address:

To grandfather's village.

Then he scratched himself, thought and added: "Konstantin Makarych." Satisfied that he was not prevented from writing, he put on his hat and, without throwing on his fur coats, ran out into the street in his shirt ... The inmates from the butcher’s shop, whom he had questioned the day before, told him that the letters were dropped into the mailboxes, and from the boxes they were transported all over the earth in postal troikas with drunken drivers and ringing bells. Vanka ran to the first mailbox and thrust the precious letter into the crack ... Lulled by sweet hopes, an hour later he was fast asleep ... He dreamed of the stove. Grandfather sits on the stove, dangling his bare feet, and reads a letter to the cooks ... Vyun walks around the stove and twirls his tail ...

This work has come into the public domain. The work was written by an author who died more than seventy years ago, and was published in his lifetime or posthumously, but more than seventy years have also passed since the publication. It can be freely used by anyone without anyone's consent or permission and without paying any royalties.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a famous Russian writer. Today his works are published in more than 100 languages. His immortal plays are staged in many theaters around the world. The writer is better known to our public for his short humorous stories... "Horse surname", "The Lady with the Dog", "Kashtanka" and many other works, well known to us from childhood, were written by A.P. Chekhov. "Vanka" ( summary given in the article) - this is the story of a famous author, known to us since school. It was written over a hundred years ago and is included in the compulsory curriculum for the study of literature in primary grades in all secondary schools.

Vanka misses his grandfather

Vanka Zhukov, a nine-year-old boy, was sent to study in Moscow to the shoemaker Alyakhin. He is an orphan, from his family only his grandfather Konstantin Makarych. Three long months have passed since Vanka left the village. The boy really misses his grandfather, remembering every moment spent with him. Vanka likes to imagine what his grandfather is doing in the village now. Here is Konstantin Makarych, a nimble little old man with an eternally drunken face and cheerful eyes, chatting with the cooks in the room. He adores him, sneezes. But in the evening he goes around the manor's estate with a mallet - he guards it. He is always accompanied by two dogs: black loach and old Kashtanka. From the description of Konstantin Makarych, the only a loved one the main character, Chekhov began his story. "Vanka" (read the summary below) is a story that evokes sympathy for a simple village boy from the first lines in readers.

Vanka's complaints in the letter

Vanka writes a letter to his grandfather, in which he describes all the hardships of his life with strangers. Its share is really unenviable. The apprentices make fun of him, make him steal from the owners and send him to the tavern for vodka. The shoemaker's family in which he lives has no mercy on him. They give little: in the morning - bread, at lunch - porridge, in the evening - also bread. And for every offense, the owner severely punishes the boy. So, recently he dragged Vanka by the hair into the yard and beat him there with a spandrel. And the hostess poked a fish in his face because the boy started peeling the herring incorrectly. But most of all, Vanka does not like to babysit their child. When a baby cries at night, the boy is forced to swing it. The kid really wants to sleep. And if he happens to fall asleep while rocking the cradle, he is also punished for that. He described all this in his letter to his grandfather. "Vanka" by A. P. Chekhov is a story about the difficult lot of peasant children, defenseless against the will of their masters.

Vanka's memories of a happy time in the village

And Vanka also likes to remember the time when he lived in the village with his grandfather. His mother Pelageya served as a maid of the masters, and often the boy was with her. Young lady Olga Ignatievna was very supportive of the child, treated him to candy and, out of nothing to do, taught him to write, read and even dance a square dance. But most of all, Vanka remembered Christmas at the gentlemen's. Before the holiday, Konstantin Makarych went to the forest for a tree and took his grandson with him. It was terribly cold, the frost crackled. And Vanka did not care. After all, he was next to his grandfather! This is how Chekhov describes the boy's happy life in the village. "Vanka" (the summary does not convey the emotions that remain after reading the work in the original) is a story that evokes in readers an acute feeling of pity and a desire to help a naive child.

Satisfied Vanka sends a letter

Having finished his letter, the boy signs it: "To the village for grandfather." And on reflection, he adds: "Konstantin Makarych." Vanka knows how to send a message. After all, the day before he had questioned the traders from the butcher's shop. They told him that the letters should be put in mailbox... Then they are taken out and transported around the world in triplets with bells. Having reached the first box, the boy, pleased with himself, throws a letter at it. Having done this, he cheerfully walks home. An hour later, Vanka is already sleeping sweetly. He dreams of his grandfather Konstantin Makarych sitting on a warm stove with his legs dangling and reading a letter from his grandson to the cooks. AP Chekhov ends his story with this episode. "Vanka" (the main characters of the story are positive people and even somewhat naive) is a work that evokes a sympathetic smile from readers.

The theme of childhood is often heard in the writer's stories. Chekhov wrote his work about a young, naive and kind peasant boy. "Vanka" (you learned the summary from the article) is a short story, but very interesting. We advise you to read it in full.

Esaulov I.A.

The story "Vanka" by A.P. Chekhov is known, it seems, to all reading Russia. Written in 1886, since the beginning of the last century (precisely since 1900) it has been included in numerous "Books for Reading" and school textbooks. As often happens in such cases, superficially understood "content" completely obscures the semantic depths and semantic perspectives of the work. It is too easy for a close reader to reduce the meaning of Chekhov's masterpiece to a humorous scene in a shoemaker's shop.

"What is the story about?" As if it is about the boy's hard lot "in people." The apprentices scoff at him, the owners beat him and do not feed him, the master's "child" does not let him sleep, and so on. At the same time, the story seems to be about the naivety of the hero himself, who does not know how to correctly write the address on the envelope, in whose consciousness "an unusually nimble and agile old man ... with an eternally laughing face and drunken eyes" is a desired deliverer. Thus, the portrayal of both the “victim” and her “tormentors” should, it would seem, evoke an oppressive atmosphere of “idiocy” in Russian life, if we paraphrase somewhat the social democratic classic.

So, for E.V. Dushechkina's Chekhov story "shows that the writer is looking for new ways of the Christmastide genre in the development of" anti-Christmas "motives, the use of which ... was intended to show the discrepancy between the essence of the holiday and the ruthless reality of life." According to the researcher, the village "" comfort "is cozy only for those who once lived in it. Objectively, this is an eternally drunk and swearing grandfather, sniffing tobacco, poverty village house, wretchedness of life<...>The author does not leave the reader with any illusions and hopes for a change in the hero's fate: unlike Vanka, who sent a letter "to the village of grandfather," the reader knows that the past is irreversible and all the best is already behind him. "

In this kind of unshakable research confidence about the inevitable difficult future "fate" of the fictional character by the author, in our opinion, a very widespread value setting is clearly reflected, moreover, "supported" by the well-known inertia of perception of the given work, but not by its independent analysis. Suffice it to note that the grandfather who "swears", according to Dushechkina's definition, never really scolds anyone within the Chekhov's text, but "bursts into cheerful laughter," "laughs," "jokes." The objective world of the "country house" is not depicted at all, therefore, judgments about its "poverty", as well as considerations about the "wretchedness of life" characterize the researcher's axiological ideas about Russian life, but by no means inner world works.

MM is in a hurry to "finish writing" for Chekhov. Dunaev, in whose opinion the ending should be different: "Konstantin Makarych will never receive a letter, and the bright hope will turn into darkness ... Vanka will inevitably imagine that no one needs him, that he was abandoned and left in hopelessness ... Grandfather ... will not do anything for his grandson . The child will experience a severe shock, a feeling of abandonment, abandonment. "

Having dismissed the historical and literary fact that Chekhov deliberately wrote a Christmas story published on December 25, 1886 in the "Petersburg newspaper" in the "Christmas stories" section, and seeing nothing but the plot "content" of this text, the critic substitutes philological analysis fantasies on the topic: what will happen next, after the final point set by Chekhov: grandfather "will not receive the letter"; "Vanka will introduce himself"; "grandfather won't do it"; "the child will survive."

Such a reduced reading, already by its obvious one-dimensionality, immediately raises doubts about its adequacy to the "meaning" of the work (if only we assume that "Vanka" is really Chekhov's artistic masterpiece, and not a model of socially accusatory fiction).

When we try to "hear" that "music of the intonation-value context" with which the work is "enveloped, as it were," it immediately becomes clear: the story is about something else. The genre of the Christmas story completely transforms the external "content" to which the "meaning" of Chekhov's work is usually reduced. Before us is a story about a bright Christmas miracle.

As we have already noted, the story "Vanka" was first published in the "Petersburg newspaper" on December 25 - and it was in the "Christmas stories" section. Already this context sets the appropriate "dialogizing background ... perception" of the text, certain boundaries of adequate readings of the work, behind which begins essayistic and journalistic fantasies on the topic "what will happen next", which is far from philology.

Despite the apparent "simplicity" of the story, it has a very complex composition. Vanka Zhukov's letter is interrupted several times by the hero's memories, or by the narrator's remarks, or by the famous landscape description:

"And the weather is wonderful. The air is calm, transparent and fresh. The night is dark, but you can see the whole village with its white roofs and plumes of smoke coming from the chimneys, trees silvered with hoarfrost, snowdrifts. The whole sky is strewn with merrily blinking stars, and the Milky Way looms like this clearly, as if it had been washed and rubbed with snow before the holiday ... ".

Behind the humorous assumption in the last phrase, the idea of ​​the creation of God's world, the hidden presence of the Creator, the festiveness of the Christmas cosmos flickers, but it is presented in a purely Chekhovian, somewhat ironic style. For example, in the Easter story "Holy Night", a very special state of the sky is emphasized:

"The world was illuminated by stars that covered the entire sky. I don't remember when I saw so many stars at another time. There was literally nowhere to poke a finger. There were large ones, like a goose egg, and small ones, like a hemp seed ... For the sake of the festive parade they went out they are all to one heaven, young and old, washed, renewed, joyful, and every one of them quietly moved their rays. "

Let's pay attention to how Vanka writes the letter. "The paper lay on the bench, and he himself was kneeling in front of the bench." The "dark image" is mentioned earlier. The hero assumes a prayer pose, therefore, the grandfather's congratulations on Christmas and the wish "everything from the Lord God" cannot be considered only passing and neutral speech cliches.

The detail of the objective world of this work is very important: the window through which Vanka is looking and in which "the reflection of his candle flashed." It is after this verbal image frame that the description begins rustic comfort where the yearning Vanka strives with all his heart. Thus, already in this place of the outwardly humorous text, one can speak of the appearance of a kind of mystical space beyond the window, where the hero's thought is quite realistically rushing.

This space is a whole multicolored world - in many respects more real than the shoemaker's shop that surrounds the hero in Moscow. For example, when describing this world, verbs of the present tense are often used, while in the "urban" space the past tense dominates. Even the dog Vyun in that "his" world has not just a human, but a very complex and difficult character: he is "unusually respectful and affectionate", however, "the most Jesuit malice is hidden under the respect and humility." If old Kashtanka, being treated to tobacco, plainly "sneezes, twists her face and, offended, steps aside", then Vyun "out of deference does not sneeze and twirls his tail."

In the world beyond the windows, the cheerful voice of grandfather Konstantin Makarych sounds ("Do we need to smell the tobacco?"; "Tear it off, it's frozen!"; "Hold, hold ... hold! Moscow house Vanka. After all, here "the masters and apprentices went to matins," leaving him alone on this Christmas night.

The most important thing is that the window becomes not only that border between "alien" and "friend", which is overcome little hero, imagining a native village covered with snow, but it is from there, from the space beyond the window, that a response impulse, passionately awaited by him, comes to Vanka. "Now, probably, my grandfather is standing at the gate, squinting at the bright red windows of the village church ..." The city window of Vanka, reflecting his candle, and the village windows of the church, in which the Christmas light of lamps and candles can be seen, are implicitly drawn closer by the author. We can say that the gaze of the grandson, directed to the dark window, and the gaze of the grandfather, directed to the "bright red" windows of the village church, meet mystically on Christmas night ... At least, Vanka from his Moscow corner undoubtedly sees those the windows of the church, at which - also at this moment ("now") - his village grandfather "squints his eyes" out of the darkness ... a Christmas tree, followed by Vanyushka (this is the form of the hero's name appears here) and his grandfather.

With a naively realistic reading of this Chekhovian masterpiece, the final failure of Vanka's venture seems undeniable: the "prosaic" Konstantin Makarych, of course, will never receive a plaintive letter from an orphan-grandson. In the same way, as the "prosaic" Pierre Bezukhov (assuming his "real" existence outside the poetic world of Tolstoy's novel) is absolutely impossible to participate in the Decembrist uprising, and Dostoevsky's Raskolnikov to overcome the boundaries of the novel "epilogue".

From a naive-realistic point of view, which fundamentally denies the great reality of a miracle, Konstantin Makarych "will not be able" to receive a letter from his grandson, even if he specifies the address of "his" village with all possible accuracy. If only because (but not only because!) That Konstantin Makarych is a fictional character, and not a resident of the village. However, before us is by no means a naturalistic description of a private scene in a shoemaker's workshop, but a work (artistic reality) written in the genre of a Christmas story.