Vaccinations are being actively developed and introduced to protect children from certain infections belonging to the category of "children". From three viral infections - and today children are vaccinated from one year of age, with vaccines containing both one and several components that protect in a complex way. In addition, the MMR vaccine, as it is abbreviated as it is called, is given to adolescents and adults to protect against the same infections, if they have not had them during childhood.

Why are childhood infections dangerous?

The anti-vaccine hype in the media has been going on for the second decade, and the consequences of such publications are already showing results. They began to register more and more often, including among children different ages, infections that were previously rare due to mass vaccinations. , measles, rubella - for many years doctors have studied them only in theory, and today their outbreaks are no longer a rarity. The problem is that in babies who do not yet have the physiological maturity of immunity, these infections are dangerous with complications, up to lethal. Of course, the decision on vaccination lies with the parents, but it is important that they make an informed decision based not on emotions and intimidation by "horror stories", but on the facts of knowledge about vaccinations and vaccinations.

Usually children under ten years of age suffer from measles, rubella infection or mumps. The peak incidence falls on the period of senior preschool and primary school age. This is due to especially active and extensive contacts with other children and adults, carriers of viruses or those suffering from these pathologies. They are dangerous both for their severe course and for serious complications from many organs and tissues. But it is worth talking more specifically about the dangerous complications for each of them:

• so, referring to one of the most contagious viral diseases among people, before the era of vaccinations, it led to massive epidemics with the death of children or adults from dangerous and severe complications. In terms of prevalence, measles occupied one of the leading places among infections in children in preschool and school age, often ending with measles, which threatens the death of the child. Against the background of today's initially unsatisfactory condition of many children and weakness, the measles epidemic can cause many troubles among today's children. It is no less dangerous for adults who do not have immunity to it, which must be "refreshed" every 10 years. During gestation, measles threatens, stillbirth or the birth of children with low birth weight, developmental delays.
• not as infectious as measles, but dangerous complications from the glandular organs, to which the virus has a tropism. Up to 20% of cases of infection can lead to damage to the brain and its membranes, which threatens and threatens with a severe course and prolonged hospitalization of the child. Mumps is dangerous for the reproductive system, especially in boys. The defeat of the testicles with development threatens, a violation in later life of reproductive and intimate functions. Mumps can lead to the formation of otitis media, leading to hearing loss or deafness on one side or two ears at once. The defeat can also affect the pancreas, thyroid, ovaries in girls.
• has a relatively easy and favorable course, rarely gives complications, but not if the woman does not have antibodies to the virus. In this case, she is threatened with severe fetal malformations, especially if it is an early gestation period or congenital rubella syndrome in children, which leads to multiple serious lesions and long-term infectiousness of the baby to others.

Whether or not to vaccinate the PDA

The controversy surrounding whether it is worth vaccinating children with PDA vaccinations is enough real life... According to unconfirmed data and the same non-documented statistical studies, vaccinations are attributed to neurological pathologies, side effects from the lungs, liver and kidneys. This data naturally worries parents, which leads to unjustified refusals from vaccinations. As a result, immunization from 95-92% at the end of the last century decreased to 80-84% percent to today... This threatens that with a decrease in the percentage of immunized children, outbreaks and epidemics of pathologies are possible.Many parents may feel that the risks of vaccinations may outweigh the risks of the infections themselves, but it is worth knowing that up to 800 thousand people die every year from measles, most of whom are children... These are countries that, due to poverty, do not allow themselves mass immunization. But these are forecasts for our country with the further expansion of anti-vaccination sentiments.

The need and importance of vaccination, including pDA vaccinations, says Dr. Komarovsky:

When to vaccinate the PDA, where to vaccinate

For all vaccinations included in the national immunization calendar of the Russian Federation, there are strictly decreed terms in which immunization is performed. They are carried out at the expense of the state with vaccines free of charge. The timing of immunization is chosen in such a way that the immunity is formed as actively as possible and protects the child during those periods when he is most vulnerable to these pathologies. Due to this immunization scheme, a tense and active immunity to three infections is created for periods of up to 10 years or more, with timely revaccination. According to the approved scheme, healthy babies are vaccinated at one year of age, and then vaccinated again to maintain immunity at six years. A two-time vaccination is necessary in order to form the most active and long-lasting, tense immunity, which can weaken with age. In addition, the plan calls for the introduction of the vaccine at the age of 15-17, then in the period from 22 to 29 years, then 32-39 years with a repeat every decade.

If a child has never been vaccinated with MMR vaccine before reaching the age of 13, it is carried out for the first time at the age of 13, then vaccinations are carried out every 10 years. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Up to three years old, injections are applicable to babies in the outer third of the thigh, and older ones - in the shoulder, in the deltoid muscle zone.

It is important to immunize adolescents at any age, as well as adults if they have not had measles and are not vaccinated. This is due to the high incidence among them and the severe course of the infection, frequent complications in the form of pneumonia and encephalitis.

Why do teenagers need PDA vaccination?

Often, the vaccination against these three childhood infections (rubella, mumps and measles as part of the MMR vaccine) is offered to adolescents who have reached a certain age and have not previously received vaccinations due to health problems or parental refusal. Why is this practice at such an adult age? The MMR vaccine gives excellent results in terms of further preserving the health of young people, including reproductive health. Vaccinate adolescents from 12-13 years old and up to 15 and older. Protection against these three infections, including rubella, in girls is formed for the next 10 years, when there is a period of planning and childbirth. And the rubella virus is most dangerous in the early stages of gestation for the fetus, and for a woman who did not get sick, it will be a great tragedy. Today, measles in adults is not uncommon, and they have a difficult course and with complications, and therefore the formation of immunity to measles for 10 years is no less important. For young men who have not had mumps, it is extremely important to protect themselves from it, because in adolescence and adulthood, it causes complications from the testicles and prostate, leading to a sharp decrease in fertility, up to infertility in an irreversible form.

Thus, vaccination with MMR in adolescents protects not only themselves from infection for a period of at least 10 years, but also the next generation, which they can give life to during these 10 safe years.

Vaccine options for these infections

There are enough vaccines today that are highly effective and safe, even though they are live (weakened). They exist against all three infections - measles, rubella virus and mumps; they have sufficient experience in their use in practice for several decades. Often, during the MMR vaccination, doctors additionally recommend adding a vaccine to this complex from those who have not yet had it. In addition, vaccination options against these three infections can be combined with each other according to the epidemic situation and the history data (if any of the infections has already been transferred).

MMR vaccines are available in several versions, they include various types live weakened components that, without harming the body, create a tense, very stable immunity when administered. Modern vaccines do not contain "wild" viruses that lead to epidemics, they are all cultivated and, as experts call them, typed. That is, against the background of their safety for an adult and a child's body, they form active immunity, which protects against infections for a long time, while not harming the body. All vaccinations are compatible and interchangeable, so any of them can be used, they all have a high effect and degree of safety.

Vaccines are divided into:

• Three-component (all three infections are included in one vaccine)
• Two-component (out of three infections in the vaccine, only two - if one of them has already been transferred)
• Monocomponent (vaccine for each infection separately).

All drugs are classified as interchangeable; in the absence of the drug with which vaccination was started, you can safely replace it with a similar one (from another manufacturer). This will not reduce the effectiveness or increase the risks of vaccination. All registered and used vaccines today for the prevention of measles, mumps or rubella infections meet all the strict requirements of international standards.

Triplex vaccines ready to use, they contain three weakened viruses at once. Such drugs are preferred due to the fact that in one visit and a single injection, subsequently, immune protection is created against three diseases at once.

Two-component vaccines often contain combinations of measles with rubella or measles with mumps. If vaccination is carried out against three infections at once, they are supplemented with a second injection, and the missing third vaccine is administered. In this case, injections are given to distant (different) parts of the body, vaccines cannot be mixed with each other!

Monovaccine Is a vaccine against only one infection per shot. They also do not mix in one injection, are injected into different parts of the body, and they are usually used not for triple vaccinations, but in order to protect against a specific disease.

Differences in vaccines

In addition to the number of constituent components of the vaccine, drugs may differ by manufacturer - there are both domestic and imported drugs. According to research data and observations of doctors, the drugs have approximately equal efficacy and safety, so there are no special differences in them. Registered on the territory of the Russian Federation:

• Domestic drug against rubella with a mumps component ... It is classified as a live (attenuated) quail egg vaccine. In terms of safety and effectiveness, it actively competes with foreign counterparts, but it has only two components, measles must be additionally injected with a second injection. This is its main inconvenience in relation to children, although for adults it is quite possible to use it as a revaccination. Immunity is actively and sustainably created for a period of up to 10 years or more.
• Imported drugs for all three infections (trivaccine), in one syringe there are three components at once that protect weakened live viruses from infections. At the same time, due to just one injection, a tense immunity is created against three diseases, which makes this drug advantageously different from the domestic one with its two components. For kids, this is a reduction in injection stress and convenience. The effectiveness is approximately the same for imported and domestic drugs, as well as the likelihood of side effects with complications.

note

A big disadvantage of such vaccines is their price, since commercial clinics carry out vaccinations for a fee, and not all regions buy these drugs in polyclinics to immunize children within the framework of the national calendar.

Imported vaccines that are registered and applicable in our country are Priorix made in Belgium and MMR-II (made in the USA). With regard to MMR-II, more data has been accumulated on its use in the Russian Federation, since it appeared at the disposal of doctors earlier, but Priorix has proved to be a good one over the years of its use.

The use of these vaccines, according to studies, forms antibodies to measles in 98% of children or adults, to mumps up to 96%, and even to 99% of rubella. After a year, the level of antibodies remains at the proper level in all vaccinated, which makes these vaccines effective and reliable. On average, protection lasts up to 6-10 years. Vaccines are compatible with other vaccines:

• On the same day with them (but in different injections), you can put or.
• Vaccine compatible with haemophilus influenzae or chickenpox vaccine

However, they are all injected at two different points, in separate syringes, you cannot mix vaccinations with each other. With any other live preparations, a difference of at least 30 days must be observed.

For MMR-II, there are a number of restrictions and contraindications that must be kept in mind. So, MMR-II is not applicable at:

• Allergic reactions to aminoglycosides (in particular, neomycin)

The Priorix vaccine is also registered in our country today and is used to vaccinate against these three infections. It is highly purified, has a minimum of mild side effects, and is used for both adults and children. The degree of immunity intensity is comparable to MMR-II. But for Priorix, there are also contraindications to its use:

• Individual intolerance to chicken egg proteins
• Allergic reactions to aminoglycosides (in particular, neomycin) - skin reactions, respiratory phenomena
• When identifying primary, secondary immunodeficiency states
• Against the background of acute pathologies, or with exacerbation of existing chronic diseases
• With gestation in any trimester.

In all other cases, its introduction is carried out according to the plan of the National Calendar or individual indications.

How to prepare for MMR vaccination?

There are no special measures to prepare for vaccination for healthy children or adults, and vaccinations against measles, mumps and rubella infections are usually well tolerated. Only one condition will be important, which should be strictly observed - at the time of vaccination there should be no respiratory manifestations, exacerbations of chronic pathologies and other health problems. At least two weeks should pass from the moment of a cold or exacerbation of any chronic pathologies.

If it comes specific patient populations, specific approaches to vaccination may be required to reduce the risk of negative outcomes and a variety of drug reactions. For children prone to allergic reactions, you should consult with an allergist, and start taking it three days before the injection. They are taken on the day of injection and then three more days after.

For children with various impairments nervous system (not related to contraindications for vaccination) or in the presence of chronic somatic pathology for the period of possible post-vaccination reactions, up to the 14th day from the moment of injection, therapy is carried out that prevents exacerbation of possible pathologies.

If a child belongs to the category of frequently ill, he is weak or prone to frequent colds, infectious lesions of the respiratory system or exacerbations of foci of chronic nasopharyngeal infections (,), the doctor may recommend special therapy. It starts from three days before vaccination and then for a period of two weeks after the injection.

Three days before vaccination, on the day of vaccination and after it, at least the first 3-4 days, contact with sick people who show signs of respiratory lesions should be avoided. For two weeks after the introduction of the vaccine, the child must be monitored. It is important to refuse on the days of vaccinations from visiting crowded places, shops and institutions where there are a lot of people. It is worth refusing to start attending childcare facilities within a period of at least a week (if the child has already gone to kindergarten before, you can safely continue visiting). This helps to reduce the risks of complications and negative reactions to a minimum.

List of contraindications for PDA

Like many other types of vaccinations, vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps infections has its own contraindications to its use. It is possible, as well as for everyone, to divide them into two large groups - temporary or permanent. It is important to take this fact into account when deciding on vaccination, so that there are no complications and serious side effects later. If we are talking about temporary contraindications, we partially touched on them above:

• Acute respiratory and other infections
• Periods of exacerbations for chronic pathologies, infections, various kinds of metabolic failures until they go into remission or stabilization
• Pregnancy for a woman
• The use of blood products or its transfusion, use in the treatment of gamma globulins (vaccinations are postponed for a month from the moment of application)
• Conducting, or Diaskin test.

A live vaccine (especially against measles) may interfere with the development of immunity due to recent tests that detect tuberculosis or vaccination against it. Therefore, it is necessary to wait at least 4-6 weeks between these two processes. Vaccination can distort the test results, forming false positive tests, but it does not negatively affect the course of the tuberculosis infection itself.

If we talk about constant contraindications to the administration of MMR vaccines, these include:

• Previously identified allergic reactions to antibiotics (gentamicin, or neomycin)
• Identified intolerance to protein (or quail) eggs, based on the type of vaccine
• An indication of a history of anaphylactic reactions (shock, generalized)
• Oncological pathologies, progressive neoplasms, cancerous tumors
• Serious reactions to previous MMR vaccinations
• A sharp decrease in the level of platelets in the blood test
• Immunodeficiencies, post-transplant immunosuppression,.

Acceptable reactions to PDA

Against the background of vaccination, there may be some reactions that are quite expected and predictable, as well as side effects, the presence of which must be known in advance. Reactions should be expected in the period from 5 to 15 days; they are classified as delayed reactions, based on the fact that the vaccine contains live and weakened viruses of three (or two) infections at once. After they are introduced into the body of people who are immunized, they are activated and give a simulated infection in order to form immunity. The peak of virus activity occurs precisely during this period, which gives reason to expect certain reactions at this time. This is a completely normal immune process, thus the synthesis of specific antibodies is activated.

The most common effects and side effects vaccines consider:

• Inflammatory reactions at the injection site - soreness and induration, infiltration at the injection site and tissue edema. A similar reaction can develop on the first day after the injection of the vaccine, it passes on its own for a couple of days, no action is needed.
• the formation of an increase in temperature in 10-20% of children , especially with the introduction of a trivaccine. Typically, this response is typical of the bark component. Fever is usually low, which is normal. It is permissible to increase it to 39.0 C, it occurs in the period from 5 to 15 days from the moment of drug administration. The reaction lasts up to a couple of days, and does not last more than 5 days in principle.
• against the background of high fever babies may have seizures , not related to any pathologies, but refer to the consequences of febrile reactions. They are provoked only against the background of fever and if it is more than 38.0 C. Such reactions are rare and do not have negative consequences for child health in the future. The increased temperature belongs to quite normal immune processes, it should not be brought down. If necessary, you can use ordinary syrups or suppositories to fight fever.
• with the introduction of the vaccine may occur in the first few days cough with a sore throat that does not require treatment and anxiety, passes without any action. A slight rash may form on the skin of the body or in the area of \u200b\u200bindividual surfaces (behind the ear, neck, face, on the arms and back, in the buttocks). Elements of small size, difficult to distinguish from the skin, pale pink colour, not raised. Such rashes are not dangerous and do not need to be treated with anything.

All the reactions described above are an imitation of infection and quite normal reactions of the body to the introduction of weakened viruses. People with such reactions are not dangerous or contagious, the virus does not spread.... Lymph nodes in the ear region may slightly enlarge - this is a reaction to the introduction of mumps to the components of the vaccine. This swelling is not dangerous, not painful and goes away on its own.

Side effects, complications of PDA

Quite serious and dangerous to health complications are possible with the introduction of the MMR vaccine in special groups of children (less often adults). The development of allergic reactions to the components of the injected drug is possible, especially if the child has an allergic disposition, reactions to antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group or to egg whites. This is a high-risk group for developing negative reactions to the vaccine. If you enter the drug without taking into account possible contraindications, possibly the development of urticaria, Quincke's edema, or the most dangerous complication -. This is especially dangerous for allergy sufferers, for ordinary people the risk is low.

Joint pain with swelling may develop, which is more common in adulthood than older age vaccinated, the more often such reactions occur. After 25 years, they are typical for 30% of vaccinated, women suffer more often, pains are possible for up to three weeks, but they are not dangerous and not strong, they do not interfere with their usual life. Most often they are given by the rubella component, such reactions are typical even for monovaccination against rubella.

A special complication may also occur - idiopathic, thrombocytopenic purpura, a complication typical of 1 case in 23 thousand vaccine injections. This threatens with coagulation disorders in rare force. In this case, the blood platelets are drastically reduced, which forms bruises on the skin that spread throughout the body. Bleeding from the nose or micro-hemorrhages on the skin, similar to needle pricks, are typical, they do not swell and pass quickly and without a trace. Against the background of the development of the infections themselves, such a complication is formed very actively and strongly.

Instructions

Form an initiative group, which should include 3-5 people. The members of the initiative group should clearly understand the specifics of the savings and loan credit facility operating on the principles of cooperativemovement under their direct control and monitoring.

Organize your first meeting. After the appearance of the first people who want to join the CCP as shareholders (they must also be notified of the upcoming general meeting), it is necessary to bring them all together for subsequent unification.

Have a general meeting. Prior to that, it is desirable to determine the principle of creating a PDA and the source of the creation of the FFVP. The meeting of citizens who are interested in the possibility of creating a CCP should be attended by an invited economist or lawyer.

Complete all organizational issues initiative group before the founding meeting. Develop a CCP charter. As its basis, you can use the model Charter. Think of all the main Charter passages that require a personal touch, namely the name of the credit cooperativeand; legal address; the goals and objectives of the CPC; the size of the entrance and share contributions; the formation of the CPC funds; the competence of the General Meeting of the Audit Commission, the Management Board, the Director and the Loan Committee.

Have a founding meeting. It is necessary to solve three main questions on it: how should the Credit cooperative citizens; discuss and adopt the Charter; select the bodies of the Audit Commission, the Management Board and appoint the Director.

Register your credit cooperative... State registration of a newly created credit cooperativebut requires a constituent meeting of its members, at which the name is determined, the charter, basic provisions are approved, and elected bodies are formed (audit commission, board, loan committee).

Sources:

• How to create a consumer credit cooperative.

To open a credit organization (bank or non-bank KO), you must have a strong desire, decent authorized capital, crystal clear credit history. What else is required to open a KO?

You will need

• Collect documents for state registration of a credit institution with the Bank of Russia, as well as for obtaining an appropriate license for banking operations. The list of documents includes:
• - application;
• - Memorandum and Articles of Association of the organization that you are going to open;
• - the original of the minutes of the meeting of the founders of the organization, which should include information about the adoption of the charter and a list of candidates for the positions of managers (including the chief accountant);
• - certified copies of certificates of registration of founders ( legal entities);
• - audit reports on the financial well-being of the founders (certified copies);
• - certificates confirming that they have no debts and obligations to tax authorities of all levels for the last 3 years (certified copies);
• - income declarations of the founders (individuals), endorsed by the tax authorities (certified copies);
• - questionnaires containing comprehensive information about candidates for positions (education, work experience).

Instructions

After submission of these documents, you are required to issue a written confirmation of their receipt at the Bank of Russia. Within six months from the date of submission of documents, you must receive a resolution on the adoption of the decision (from the moment of its adoption, no more than 3 days should pass). Have a meeting to get the order, make a new one, or make adjustments to the old plan for your FBO.

Let's say there are personnel changes in your KO. Then within 2 weeks from the date of changes in the composition officials notify the Bank of Russia about this and provide them with a new list with an attachment. Within a month, the Bank of Russia must notify you of its decision.

Credit cooperative Is one of the types of consumer cooperativea, which is created to meet the need for financial assistance of its members. If you decide to create such an organization, then you must clearly know the specifics of its work.

Instructions

If you are planning to arrange a loan cooperative, gather an initiative group of 3-5 people. Among them should be a management specialist accounting... Find information about opening with them cooperativea, consult the current organization about its work. Think about whether you will recruit 15 like-minded people, prepare constituent documents, primarily the Charter.

If the number of the first members of your future cooperativeand will reach 15 people, you can start legal registration... To do this, hold the Constituent Assembly together with those who "stood at the origins of its creation." They should be familiar with the draft Charter so that the meeting could discuss this document and accept its final version.

Together with these people, you need to establish the size of the admission and share fees, the frequency and amount of payment of membership fees. Last in the first year of activity cooperativeyou will be required for its content.

After you carry out this work, you must inform all members of the credit cooperativebut about the time and place of the Constituent Assembly. Before, make sure that the number of members of the initiative group is at least 15 people. The purpose of the Constituent Assembly will be to actually create cooperativeand.

To do this, it is necessary to establish by voting the desire to create a credit cooperative, approve its charter, the procedure for making and the amount of contributions, select people who will actually create an organization, register with the tax authorities, open a bank account. In this case, it is necessary to make a list of those present at the meeting, indicating the name and passport data.

Prior to state registration of a credit cooperativeand its Charter, minutes of the Constituent Assembly, and a list of those present at it must be prepared. Together with these documents, you need to contact the Tax Inspectorate office to obtain a Certificate of Registration of a Legal Entity, then to the bank to open a current account. After that, you will have to visit the state statistics authorities, the compulsory health insurance fund, the social insurance fund and the fund. Now your credit cooperative created.

Tip 4: How to Start a Consumer Cooperative in 2019

A consumer cooperative is a non-profit voluntary organization, in the creation of which citizens pool their funds in order to fulfill some material needs. The cooperative receives funds in the form of contributions made in a certain period. How to open such an organization?

Instructions

Any cooperative, be it a garage, horticultural or any other voluntary association, is a legal entity, and it must be registered in the same way as other organizations. Although it is not created for the purpose of generating income, it will be necessary to open a bank account and with a tax authority. The members of the cooperative must elect a chairman at the general meeting, who will be responsible for the activities of the cooperative.

Prepare an application for registration and collect the necessary incorporation documents. These include a copy of the founder's passport, the protocol of the cooperative, which reflects the goals and objectives, activities, appointed responsible persons, the full and abbreviated name of the organization.

Develop a charter for the organization. It should contain information on the procedure and amount of membership fees, the responsibility of members of the cooperative for delayed payment of fees, on the composition of the governing bodies and how they make decisions. In addition, the charter should indicate the main objective activities of the cooperative, and its name should disclose its purpose.

Pay the state registration fee. It is charged approximately in the amount of 2,000 rubles when registering any legal entity.

Make a seal. The name of the organization should be visible on it.

Get your registration certificate public organization and on registration with the tax authority.

Remember that a consumer cooperative is a non-profit institution, so the founders, as a rule, do not receive direct income from the cooperative's activities. All funds received are distributed among all members of the cooperative.

Related Videos

The vaccination calendar contains a comprehensive vaccine against measles, mumps, rubella - the PDA vaccine. It is tolerated, in most cases, getting it well. Complications are common but rare. Infectionists and pediatricians strongly recommend that all children get the PDA vaccine. A child who has not passed it, contracting measles, rubella or mumps, necessarily receives severe complications. Girls who did not receive CCP in childhood do not have immunity. When infected during pregnancy with rubella, the disease causes severe disorders in the unborn baby.

At the time, the PDA vaccine was made - protection against complications from three serious infectious diseases. With competent vaccination, immunity is developed for 21 days in 98% of the vaccinated. Immunity lasts 25 years.

Contraindications for pda vaccination

There are times when you cannot be vaccinated:

• with acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, when the child is very sick;
• with weakened health and immunity;
• if there was a severe allergic reaction after the last vaccination;
• children allergic to neomycin and gelatin;
• when the first symptoms of a cold appear (cough, fever, runny nose);
• pregnancy;
• if blood products (blood plasma, immunoglobulins) were administered, the CPC vaccination is carried out after 3 months;
• oncological diseases;
• tuberculosis;

Where and when to get the PDA vaccine

The first such vaccination is done in the thigh at 1 - 1.5 years. At 6 - 7 years old - the second dose of vaccination - revaccination is injected into the shoulder. These are the calendar dates for vaccination against pda.

If, for some reason, you did not manage to make the PDA in time, then do not worry. Try to do it as soon as possible. The transfer of the vaccine does not reduce its effectiveness.

Advice: It is not advisable to delay the first dose of the vaccine for a long time. As the child grows older and the circle of friends expands, the risk of contracting rubella, mumps or measles increases. It is imperative to repeat the second dose of PDA and catch it before the child enters school.

PDA and travel

If you and your child are going abroad, who is not even a year old, be sure to give the child complex vaccination... Your child will become immune to these diseases.

When the child turns one year old, you need to repeat the CPC, and then repeat another dose of vaccination to get strong immunity when you turn 6 years old.

Adverse reactions to vaccination

For most, vaccination is not accompanied by adverse reactions. In 5-15% of cases, complications are observed 2-5 days after vaccination. Reactions take place within 3 days.

1. Temperature. Both in vaccinated adults and children, for 5-12 days after vaccination, a temperature of up to 39.4 C. can be observed. It can be knocked down if chills, severe body aches appear in the first 2 days. To lower the temperature, take antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen).
2. Joint pain. In some young women and children, in the first 3 weeks after vaccination, inflammation may appear in the hand, in the joints of the fingers. Symptoms do not require treatment, they pass themselves quickly, without consequences.
3. Allergy. In addition to measles, rubella, mumps viruses, the vaccine contains neomycin, gelatin, chicken protein, which cause an allergic reaction in some. The introduction of a small amount of these substances to allergy sufferers provokes a strong reaction, up to a dangerous one - anaphylactic shock. Before taking a child for the MMR vaccine, parents should warn the doctor about which substances your child is allergic to. If after the initial dose a strong reaction was observed, it is necessary to make tests for which components of the vaccine are hypersensitive, and the doctor will cancel the second dose according to indications or replace the Russian dose with an imported one (it contains the yolk quail eggs). For people who do not have allergies to the components of the PDA, the vaccination is completely safe.
4. Pain at the injection site. In the area where the injection was made, there may be a non-dangerous thickening of the tissues, numbness and pain, swelling may form for up to several weeks.
5. Rash. According to statistics, in 1 in 20 people, during the first 5-10 days, the PDA vaccination causes a pale pink rash on the skin. Red spots cover the face, arms, torso and legs. The rash passes quickly, is not dangerous, does not leave marks.
6. Swollen lymph nodes. Vaccinations against measles, mumps, and rubella often cause benign swollen lymph nodes over several days.
7. Swelling of the testicles. Some boys may experience slight swelling and soreness of the testicles. This will not further disrupt the ability to conceive a child when the boy grows up.
8. Catarrhal phenomena (conjunctivitis, cough, runny nose).

Should adults be vaccinated?

Adults who have not received a single dose of MMR vaccine in childhood and have not had mumps, measles or rubella should be vaccinated. Measles and mumps are very dangerous for adults, and rubella in pregnant women causes pathologies in the development of the fetus.

All women planning a pregnancy are advised to have a blood test to determine immunity against rubella. If tests show its absence, the woman must be vaccinated with CPC before pregnancy. A child can be conceived 1 month after vaccination.

CPC vaccination: instructions for use of the drug "Priorix"

The multi-component vaccine is better because you have to inject once. Priorix can be done subcutaneously (under the scapula) and up to 3 years - intramuscularly (into the thigh), then into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder (into the arm). The vaccinated person is not contagious to others.

Drug form: lyophilisate for solution.

Its composition (from the instructions):
Priorix is \u200b\u200ba combined preparation containing attenuated strains of measles, mumps and rubella viruses, which are separately cultivated in chicken embryo cells.

The vaccine dose contains 3.5 lgTCD50 of the measles virus of the Schwartz strain, 4.3 lgTCD50 of the live mumps virus of the RIT4385 strain, 3.5 lgTCD50 of rubella (vaccine strain Wistar RA 27/3).
The vaccine contains 25 mcg of neomycin sulfate, sorbitol, lactose, mannitol, amino acids.

Vaccine Description
Homogeneous porous mass of white or slightly pink color. Its solvent is a colorless transparent liquid, odorless, impurities.

Immunology
Clinical trials have shown high efficiency vaccines. Antibodies to the mumps virus were found in 96.1%, measles - in 98% of vaccinated, rubella - in 99.3%.

Appointment
Development of immunity, prevention of mumps, rubella, measles.

Mode of application

In a bottle with a dry preparation, the contents with a solvent are added at the rate of 0.5 ml per 1 dose. Shake thoroughly until the mixture is completely dissolved, no more than 1 min.

The resulting solution is clear, from pink to pink-orange in color. If it looks different, has foreign particles, the drug is not used.

Priorix is \u200b\u200binjected subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 ml; intramuscular injection is allowed. A new sterile needle is used to inject Priorix. The drug is removed from the vial subject to the rules of asepsis.

Adverse reactions

• allergic reactions,
• diarrhea,
• lymphadenopathy,
• vomiting
• bronchitis, otitis media, cough (sometimes), enlargement of the parotid glands,
• insomnia, febrile seizures, crying, nervousness, (sometimes)
• rash,
• conjunctivitis (sometimes)
  anorexia (very rare),

• fever (\u003e 38 ° C), redness at the injection site,
• swelling, soreness at the injection site, temperature\u003e 39.5 ° C

Adverse reactions were observed in 1-10% after vaccination.

With mass vaccination, the following side effects have been reported:

• meningitis,
• arthralgia, arthritis,
• thrombocytopenia,
• anaphylactic reactions,
• erythema multiforme,
• encephalitis, transverse myelitis, peripheral neuritis

Accidental intravenous administration causes severe reactions, even shock.

Interaction

Priorix can be simultaneously injected with DTP, ADS vaccines (on the same day), when injected into different parts of the body with separate syringes. It is not allowed to draw in the same syringe with other drugs.

Priorix can be used for a second vaccination for persons previously vaccinated with mono drugs, another combination vaccine.

special instructions

Use caution when administering to people with allergic diseases. The vaccinated person must stay for 30 minutes. under control.

The vaccination room should be provided with anti-shock therapy means (1: 1000 adrenaline solution). Before injecting the vaccine, make sure that the alcohol has evaporated from the skin surface, as it can inactivate attenuated viruses in the vaccine.

Release form

Included: 1 dose in a bottle, 0.5 ml solvent in an ampoule. Packing: cardboard boxes.
1 dose in a vial + 0.5 ml solvent in a syringe, 1-2 needles.

For medical institutions: 100 bottles in a box. Solvent separately for 100 ampoules.
10 doses per bottle. 50 vials per cardboard box... Separately, the solvent is 5 ml. 50 ampoules in a box.

Shelf life and storage conditions

Two years - the shelf life of the vaccine, 5 years - the diluent. The expiration date is indicated on the packaging and label of the bottle.

Store at 2 to 8 ° C.
The solvent, packed separately, is stored at t ° from 2 to 25 ° C; avoid freezing.

Vacation conditions
On prescription.

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Currently, many entrepreneurs and citizens are faced with the need for financial support and do not always apply for a loan to a bank for this. Obtaining a bank loan is a rather complicated procedure, it is necessary to submit to the bank a large number of documents confirming the financial reliability of the client, as well as lending sometimes has a targeted character. Alternative source receiving money is the entry into credit cooperative and obtaining a loan. The services of such organizations significantly save not only money due to lower interest rates, but also time, since the issuance of a loan is as simple as possible compared to a bank loan. Therefore, the creation of a credit consumer cooperative is a very profitable enterprise and that is why in recent times there are more and more of them. In this article, we will consider the requirements for organizing the activities of a consumer credit cooperative. What is a credit cooperative?

The main credit institutions in Russia are banks. But besides them, pawnshops, microfinance organizations, credit unions, investment funds and credit consumer cooperatives operate on the market.

The latter are considered to be voluntary associations of individuals and / or legal entities based on certain principles that help each other meet their financial needs.

This formulation is given in the Law of the Russian Federation No. 190 of July 18, 2009 "On Credit Cooperation". Consider the process of registering a PDA, credit conditions and other nuances.

Activities of institutions

In simple terms, organizations are created by people who want to help each other with money. it great alternative bankers, who first scrupulously study the financial situation of people, and then give up because of a bad history in the BCH.

With the entry into society, people get the opportunity to apply for a loan at a lower interest rate, and they also ask for less paperwork. That is why this direction of lending is considered very promising.

PDA issues money on the basis of signed contracts drawn up between the client and the company. In this case, the person becomes part of the association. Money is offered with or without collateral.

If there is a pledge, then it is presented in the form:

• car;
• real estate;
• property rights;
• goods in circulation;

Loans in an operating credit consumer cooperative can also be issued against the guarantee of legal entities or individuals.

Work principles

The CPC's activities are based on adherence to a number of principles:

1. General mutual assistance of all members of society, who can always count on solving all their financial issues when they arise.
2. Limited participation of individuals. This is due to the fact that the number of managers allowed persons who are directly related to the organization, are its participants, and not people from outside.
3. Voluntary basis of cooperation, where the community enters or leaves of their own free will.
4. Equality, where people have equal rights regardless of the funds contributed to the cooperative.
5. One shareholder in an institution has one vote.
6. The Central Bank, municipal and government agencies cannot interfere with the work of such institutions.

In addition, the principles affect and even distribution financial assistance in the form of loans; and access to data on the state of affairs of the company. All persons additionally bear subsidiary liability for all the obligations of the CCP.

How to start a company

It is required to set a date for the meeting of founders, where there must be more than 5 legal entities and 15 individuals. At this meeting, the issue of creating a cooperative is adopted, the Charter is approved, and the management elite is appointed.

1. A letter is written about the state registration of the institution, which is certified by a notary office. The document is submitted to the registration center. Additionally, a package of papers is being prepared:

• a list of all types of activities that the company plans to conduct;
• documents of all participants, including passports and TIN;
• an extract from the register of the Unified State Register of Legal Entities or EGRIP in electronic form, signed with an enhanced qualified electronic signature
• lease agreement and ownership of the office where the organization will be located.

1. After the company is registered, the stamps are prepared, a bank account is opened, and you should also register with non-budgetary funds (Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, Social Insurance Fund).
2. An application is submitted with a developed and approved control system to the FFMS. Also, a number of documents are additionally prepared for this body: a copy of the notarized Charter, developed rules of internal control, an order of appointment responsible persons for compliance with these rules and the solution of major issues.

The final step in registering a CCP is the company's entry into a self-regulatory organization of consumer cooperatives. If within 3 months after the establishment of the institution this condition is not met, then it will be liquidated.