Cardboard carriage model. Passenger carriage, paper model

Layout is a very interesting activity.

Make a layout railway I always dreamed of it since childhood, in reality I only made a few flights experienced ways. Unfortunately, during my work I encountered many problems and scarce parts, in this article I want to discuss with you the most FAQ when creating a layout of railway tracks and transport.

In the second issue of ModelMen magazine, I published an article and several photographs from the website of one experienced modeler, he builds model railroads and participates in exhibitions with his creations. Even by looking at the photographs of the layout, you can already determine for yourself the amount of work, make a list of tools and materials. I will not give the entire list of what is needed at once because it may not be complete, let’s better figure out together what is made of what.

Base

The model railway track must stand on something, so at the very beginning it is necessary to construct a base (table) for the model. The base can be solid or collapsible. It’s easier to make a solid base, but then you need to decide in advance on the room for the layout; it should be a spacious room in case of expanding the scale.

For the base you will need legs; you can take them from old school desks or make them yourself. The entire structure can be easily made from plywood and wooden blocks. For fastening you will need screws and metal corners. To make a collapsible model, you will have to rack your brains over the design of the base and methods of its transportation.

Tool

To work you will need many different tools:

Hammer
- screwdrivers
- wire cutters and pliers
- chisels
- files
- spatulas
- scissors
- knives
- tassels
- soldering iron
- and etc.

Railway track

In order for the trains to move in the right direction, we need rails; they can be purchased ready-made in specialized stores for modellers. If you, like me, do not have such stores in your city, then you can buy them through online stores or go buy them yourself. In extreme cases, you will have to make the rails yourself.

The simplest construction option is to use ready-made rails; they are glued or nailed with small nails to the base; the joints can be soldered and cleaned with a file.

If there are no ready-made rails, then you need to think about how to make them yourself; you can take the dimensions of the rails that are sold in stores and make the same ones of your own. For sleepers you will need to cut a lot of thin blocks, this can be done on a small machine. The rail itself must conduct current, so it is advisable to make it from thick copper wire, which can be rolled on manual machine before rectangular section. You can attach the rail to the sleepers using good glue or solder it to nails driven into the sleepers; this can be done after 3-4 sleepers.

Electrical equipment

For the movement of the train there is a pipe electricity, unless of course you are making a steam locomotive. Factory and homemade power supplies are used as a power source (see diagrams, radio engineering), the output voltage should not be dangerous, usually a power supply up to 16 volts is used, for small models 6 - 9 volts are sufficient.

The train moves with the help of an electric motor; it can be taken from broken toys or purchased at a radio store. Electricity is supplied to the engine from two rails, the voltage from them is removed using two or more counters or from the metal wheels of the train itself.

To distribute electricity along the layout (base), you will need copper wires and connectors.

In addition to the trains themselves, the layout may contain traffic lights, barriers, lamps and other elements that require electricity. Before routing the wires, carefully consider every detail; after installation it will be too late to wire the wires, you will have to cut the layout.

Landscape

An integral part of a good layout is the design of the landscape, this is worth paying attention to Special attention. To be similar to reality, you need to work hard on simulating hills, vegetation, buildings, people, vehicles, etc.

Many parts can be used in finished form, i.e. take toy cars, figurines of people, you can also buy figurines of animals, trees in children's stores...

To imitate hills, mountains, etc. you will need plywood, building gypsum, papier-mâché, fiberglass, acrylic paints and other finishing materials.

Building

Models of buildings can also be purchased at toy stores or you can make them yourself from wood, cardboard, papier-mâché, plywood, etc.

Often modelers take real train stations as a model, photograph them and turn them into miniatures on the table.

On the site I will periodically publish my developments and those sent by you, you are probably interested in information on how to make a model train, traffic lights, trees, bridges and other elements for the railway. And I will also publish electrical circuits, photographs and drawings of old and new trains.

“Making a train from colored paper with your own hands.” Master class with step by step photos

Degtyartseva Natalya Vasilievna, teacher of MAU DO DDTT
Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia - Alania
The work is intended for children aged 7 years and older, teachers and parents.
Purpose: toy, interior decoration, gift for family and friends, exhibit for an exhibition of technical creativity.
Target: make a train from colored paper with your own hands.
Tasks: educational - master the technique of making a steam locomotive and trailer; developmental - to develop practical skills of students when working with scissors, to develop fine motor skills, imagination and imagination of the child; educational - to cultivate aesthetic taste.
Materials and tools: colored paper, scissors, glue, ruler, pencil, eraser, compass.

Riddles for children.

The brothers are ready to visit,
They clung to each other,
And they rushed off on a long journey,
They just left some smoke.
(Train)

Far, far away
Along the railway
Maybe this guy
Take away the entire village.
(Train)

Behind the smoke
Behind the whistle
The brothers run in single file.
(Wagons)
V. Struchkov

The Iron Snake is crawling
It carries passengers into the distance.
(Train)

Iron Snake
It meanders in the steppes.
Lost in the steppes.
The voice is clear
Runs after the drifting snow.
I ran a thousand miles.
She unhooked the long tail.

Fifteen Brothers
They love to ride.
The first one with a pipe
Leads everyone with him.
(Train)

One hundred barrels
Gudochek leads.
(Train)

Steel Mare
It rushes across the azure steppes.
Ran a hundred miles
She unhooked the long tail. (Train)

Along steel tracks
The Centipede rushes.
Knock-knock-knock.
Round heel clicks.
With a funny song
Along the iron ladder.
(Train.)

V. Tunnikov
Back and forth every day
Carries loads carefully.
In rain, snowstorm, heat, frost
The hard worker rushes - ... (locomotive)

Step by step process of making a train.

Making a steam locomotive.
Stepping back 1 cm from the narrow edge of the A4 sheet, fold the sheet on both sides of the ruler. Place the ruler with its left edge on the second bend and bend it again. Let's make four bends in this way.

Having received four wide strips, cut off the excess part of the sheet along the last bend. Fold the edge of the sheet, moving 1 cm from the left edge, and then fold the sheet on the other side of the ruler.

Cut off the excess paper, leaving a 1cm margin for gluing in the middle square. Cut the edges of the square to the line, as shown in the photo.

Glue the sides of the square together. Let's shorten the main part of the locomotive cabin by cutting it to the width of a ruler on the right side of the part.

Glue the edges of the long strips together to form a column. Glue the roof to the post. The locomotive cabin is ready.

To make a window, prepare a square with a side of 2.5 cm from colored paper, and a square with a side of 1.5 cm from white paper. For the door, cut out a 7x2.5cm rectangle and a 1cm strip for the handle. For the front part of the locomotive, we will bend a square with a side of 4 or 5 cm, moving 1 cm from the edge at the top and bottom. We cut the folded parts of the sheet for gluing.

Glue the prepared square into a tube. We will glue a window and a door onto the cabin of the locomotive.

Glue a colored strip 1.5cm wide onto a 6x5cm rectangle. On the previously prepared wide pipe we glue strips 0.5 cm wide along the edges.

Glue a small pipe in the center of a large pipe. We glue the large pipe, bending the edges, to the cabin of the locomotive. Glue a square-shaped piece of paper onto the free edge of the large pipe.

Let's make a strip 3x7cm. Use scissors to twist the edges of the strip into different sides, getting an eight.

Let's make circles for wheels with a radius of 1.5 cm and 0.7 cm.

Cut off the extra edges of the square big pipe steam locomotive, glue the wheels and figure eight, as shown in the photo. The locomotive is ready.

Manufacturing of a carriage.
Stepping back 1cm from the top edge, fold the sheet on both sides of the ruler. Then the sheet on both sides, placing a ruler on the right and left of the edge of the sheet. Bottom part Cut the sheet to the width of the ruler. To do this, draw a line at the bottom of the sheet. Let's make cuts as shown in the photo.

From the second similar sheet we will leave only the middle part, cutting off the extra bends, as shown in the photo.

Cut small rectangles from the sides of the first part.

Glue the side parts on the first part, as shown in the photo.

Glue the second piece to the top of the first piece.

Glue the side parts of the car to each other.

Let's make a 11x5 cm rectangle for the door and two 7x5 cm rectangles for the windows. From white paper we will make a 3x6cm rectangle for the door window and two rectangles for the carriage windows
3.5x5.5cm. Let's make a 1.5 x 9 cm strip to indicate the direction of the train.

Let's glue the door and window parts to the car.

We will make six wheels according to the previously proposed model. The diameter of the large circle is 5 cm, the small one is 3 cm. Glue the wheels along the edge of the car and in the middle. The carriage is ready.

Let's glue the car to the fastening eight on the locomotive.

Our train is ready.

IN Lately There are not so many people who want to make a train out of paper. An abundance of toys different formats, quality and complexity has practically supplanted paper toys, which, moreover, also have to be made with your own hands. However, papermaking is a very interesting activity, and also useful. Spatial thinking develops fine motor skills, logic, after all. That is why in primary schools and kindergartens you can still see a variety of volumetric crafts from paper.

How to make a paper train step by step with your own hands: practical application

A paper train is a fragile thing, unstable to deformation, and active games it is almost impossible to adapt. But such a thing also has practical use in the nursery. For example, a photo train, in the form of a train carrying photographs of a baby. This could be a composition with photographs from the first month of life to a year, or simply loved ones and touching family photos. Such paper craft It will not only be appropriate, but also useful in the nursery - bright colors and voluminous details are very useful for the development of the baby.

To make such a train yourself, you will not need any special skills or tools. All you need for work is: a stationery knife, a glue stick and scissors. In order to hang the train on the wall, you will additionally need a suitable braid or thick thread, two paper clips and two buttons that can be driven into the wall.

Templates are printed on a color printer, the inner windows are cut out with a stationery knife. A little advice– It is better to print not on office paper, but on drawing paper. It works well with the printer, but is denser and is not so deformed by the glue.

On the reverse side, photographs are glued into a frame. If you wish, you can further decorate the train - for example, stick buttons on top of the wheels, or add printed cute details to the photographs themselves - animals, stars, flowers - depending on the gender of the child and your imagination.

To hang the composition on the wall, you must first assemble it on a thread. WITH reverse side Glue a thread along the entire train of each car, secure paper clips at the ends, and hang the entire structure on buttons driven into the wall.

Educational craft.

Artistic work is included in the school curriculum for a reason primary classes. There they teach and show the main and most common areas of manual labor. Working with plasticine, clay, appliqués, and the like. However school program severely limited by both hours and topics. And the number of people in classes is not conducive to an individual approach to each student. Another thing is to start at home, without rushing or rushing anywhere, to independently create a train from scrap materials, and often even waste materials.

For such a train you will need:

white or colored cardboard - 2-3 sheets
chenille wire (fluffy wire is sold in office supply departments)
glue, scissors, ruler, pencil
caps from plastic bottles and 2 lids from five-liter bottles.

Progress. Cut each piece of cardboard into two equal parts - these are the future carriages. Roll each piece into a pipe and glue the joints. Glue wheels - plastic bottle caps - to each carriage. The lids must be glued in such a way that half is glued to the cardboard, and the other half is free.

Make holes at each end of the trailers, cut the wire into small pieces, roll up double-sided loops - one edge clings to the hole in the trailer, the second interlocks with the same loop of the other trailer. Thus, the cars are connected into a train.

The train must have a lead locomotive. It will differ from other trailers in that it will have not only small wheels, but also large ones, as well as a pipe. Cardboard, by the way, is replaced with bushings from toilet paper, but then they need to be decorated with colored paper or stickers.

Aerobatics.

Paper modeling has existed as an applied art for a very long time. More than one generation of boys has been enthusiastically gluing together models of airplanes, ships, tanks and trains. The result of such efforts directly depends on the skills of the master and his diligence. The scheme according to which the model is assembled also plays an important role in this. There are actually a great many such schemes, and their complexity is designed for the most different ages– a child can handle some of them – it’s essentially laying out a box that just needs to be cut and glued correctly.

Some are more complicated - there are an order of magnitude more parts, they are numbered and labeled, and assembly requires a certain amount of care and effort.

However, the first two options cannot be compared with those patterns, or even patterns, that real professionals do. These diagrams present real models of real trains, from the first steam locomotives and locomotives to ultra-modern and high-tech models.

It would seem that an art long gone into oblivion has received a new impetus with the new capabilities of modeling programs.

Videos about which models are made of paper on a scale of 1: 87, etc., are not uncommon, and are very popular among fans of this type of creativity.

Video materials on the topic of the article

"Dedicated to the crazy people"

If your desires to build a model railroad exceed the capabilities of mass production, it’s time to think about making your own models. Exist different materials and technology - here we consider manufacturing from cardboard.

First of all, you should stock up on everything you need.

First you need good white cardboard (preferably 0.35 - 0.5 mm - determined by eye using a ruler).

You also need the right tools:

mechanical pencil with a 0.5 mm lead,
PVA glue,
ruler 30 cm,
corner,
eraser,
threads (preferably not very fleecy),
transparent plastic, double-sided tape,
two types of emery (coarse and fine),
paper knife, regular scissors,
manicure scissors,
clothespins (preferably plastic with flat surfaces),
and also some other little things, which will be discussed below.

And most importantly, you need a sincere desire to make a layout!

Here we will consider the production of a model on a ready-made chassis. As a donor, you can use cars from the TT-model or VTTV.

When producing any model, reference materials are required in the form of drawings and illustrations of the modeling object. To save time, I also used the DMV from the TT model.

So, let's begin. If a drawing is used, then all dimensions must be recalculated to the appropriate scale, in my case - 1:120. Next, on a sheet of cardboard, you should draw a basic layout of the car WITHOUT a roof (the result should be an elongated parallelepiped without a floor) ( Rice. 1).

On it we draw everything that should be on the walls of the car, i.e. windows, doors, lines where there should be stiffeners, etc. After everything is drawn, we cut through all the windows with a knife.

Now it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the future body– on the back side you need to glue a second layer of cardboard with already cut windows onto the walls so that the windows coincide with each other ( Rice. 2).

Since cardboard has a bad tendency to swell when wet, you don’t need to spread a lot of glue, but quickly and thinly spread one side and immediately press it firmly and put it under a press.

Now let's deal with the stiffeners. They are made from threads that are glued along the drawn lines: first, an adhesive strip is applied, onto which the thread is then applied and pressed with a finger. The idea is to saturate the thread with glue and remove excess glue from the surface. Once all the ribs are glued on, it's time to outline the doors. To do this, cut a thin groove along the contour of the door with a knife. After this, we coat the cut out contours of the doors and the already glued threads. When everything has dried, you need to carefully walk over the surface of the threads with fine sandpaper and coat it with glue again. During all coatings, we try to leave as little glue as possible so that unnecessary irregularities do not come out later. Handrails are made from thin strips of cardboard.

Now it's time to start assembling. We press down the folds on the reverse side with scissors. Then we cut it out, carefully bend it and glue it together ( Rice. 3).

Carefully sand the rough protruding cardboard in the gluing areas.

Roof. To get the roof the desired shape, first you need to create a parallelepiped from layered cardboard, the height of which is equal to the height of the roof itself (usually painted in grey colour). The width and length should be 1 and 2 mm greater than the width and length of the car blank, respectively (these are approximate figures). This is necessary so that after gluing the roof (by the way, it is also advisable to glue it using a press), it can be sanded on the sides and thereby adjusted to the size of the car. Next, the roof needs to be given a convex shape - to do this, draw the roof profile from the ends and cut off the excess longitudinally. After this, we sand first with coarse sandpaper, and then with fine sandpaper. After this, coat the roof with glue and wait until it dries. We process with fine sandpaper and repeat the operation. Now you can glue the roof. If you can find something to hold it down with while it dries, that will be good. If the original has stiffening ribs on the roof, they are made in a similar way using threads. We coat the junction of the roof with the body with glue. After this, air intakes can be attached to the roof. We glue cardboard at the ends of the car to hide the joint, although, depending on the situation, you can do without it. Using toothpicks, transitional soufflés are made ( Rice. 4).

Let's talk a little about the insides. First you need to make a floor from 2-3 layers of cardboard. Next, we mark on it a diagram of the partitions, which, after cutting, we “put” on glue. The total height of the interior with the floor should be selected taking into account the height of the chassis. We glue the upper shelves to the walls, but the lower ones will most likely have to be glued to the floor. After this, a strip of cardboard 1 cm wide and 2 cm long less than the length of the car is glued on top of the partitions.

Now you can paint. It is advisable to use water-indelible paints. You can use aerosol, regular oil or special model paints. Next we use tape and brushes different sizes to obtain the desired color.

When everything is dry, with inside Using double-sided tape, glue strips of transparent plastic onto the walls of the car. From the inside, we stick double-sided tape onto the roof, and then press the insides of the car to it. We again glue double-sided tape to the floor of the car from below and press the chassis to it ( Rice. 5).

The car is ready!

Watch also the video on how to make a freight car out of cardboard.