A Kosygin biography. Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich: biography, family life, photo

Some historians and economists claim that this man surpassed the tsarist minister in terms of the effectiveness of the reforms he carried out. He was called the favorite, the gray cardinal, but at the same time the most professional and effective head of the Soviet government.

Many believe that if this person had been listened to and allowed to complete the industrial reforms conceived and started in the mid-1960s, then the USSR could have become a truly independent country in 10-20 years, getting rid of the raw materials industries.

Moreover, knowledgeable people say that it was he who created the basis of the economy, on which Russia is still based today. And he also became the record holder for the length of time at the head of the government of the Soviet Union.

After all, 16 years is a record that no one has broken after him. At the same time, this senior official had rather tense relations with the general secretaries. But he was tolerated for the highest professionalism, not finding a worthy replacement.

Childhood and youth

The brilliant political biography of Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin was made possible thanks to the October Revolution. After all, under the tsarist regime, a guy who was born in the family of a simple worker simply would not have had other opportunities to get to the imperious Olympus.

Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin was born on the 21st, and according to the old style on February 8, 1904 in St. Petersburg. Information about his childhood is scarce. It is only known that the parents baptized their newborn son according to the Orthodox rite in March of the same year in the Church of Sampson the Hospice.

At the age of 15, Alexei, at that time a student of the Petrovsky Real School, volunteered for the Red Army. The young man built defensive structures. And after 3 years he returned to Petrograd and graduated. Having received a diploma from a cooperative technical school, the young specialist went to Siberia to develop industrial cooperation.

Career

Under the planned economy that existed at that time, industrial cooperation was a kind of oasis within which entrepreneurship was encouraged. And it was in this “oasis of economic freedoms” that Alexei Kosygin formed his first ideas as an economist. He managed to prove himself well and demonstrate the makings of a promising manager. Therefore, he was sent for further training. The guy was returned back to Leningrad, where he received his higher education at the textile institute.

In 1935, the career of a young specialist began to rapidly move up. For 2 years, Alexey managed to “grow up” from the master of the Oktyabrskaya textile factory to its director. But he managed the enterprise for a little over a year: Kosygin's successes in this position were so striking that in 1938 he was appointed chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad Council of Workers and Peasants.

The swiftness with which this man moved up the career ladder is incredible: a year later he was appointed to the post of People's Commissar of the textile industry of the Soviet Union.

Some skeptics argue that the rapid career advancement of the young "cadre" was due to the "empty bench." Allegedly, the Leninist-Stalinist terror "decimated" all ambitious specialists, so they had to move young business executives who were deprived of political ambitions.

To some extent, this is true: a distinctive feature of all the activities of Alexei Kosygin was a complete unwillingness to participate in intrigues and behind-the-scenes struggle for power. But it is also true that he was a professional of the highest class.

Stalin, who did not trust many of his comrades-in-arms and was afraid to turn his back on them, highly appreciated these qualities of Kosygin. This young specialist fully met the criteria that, according to Joseph Vissarionovich, an ideal Soviet business executive should have.

The outbreak of the Great Patriotic War turned out to be the “examination period” for the 37-year-old manager, where to fail meant to ruin hundreds, if not many thousands, of lives. Alexei Kosygin in June 1941 was appointed by Stalin as deputy chairman of the Council for the Evacuation of Industrial Enterprises. The official led a group of inspectors that managed the evacuation of more than 1,500 strategically important plants and factories in the country to the East. And did not disappoint.

Therefore, is it any wonder that in the winter of 1942, it was on his shoulders that the most difficult task fell: to supply besieged Leningrad with food and create the "Road of Life" along Lake Ladoga. Historians, analyzing the actions of the young Kosygin, agree that he did everything he could. And in 1943, Alexei Nikolayevich was already head of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. This appointment was evidence of the highest confidence of the leadership.

Stalin, whose praise some waited in vain for, openly favored Kosygin. Probably, the high confidence of the Generalissimo turned out to be the reason why the ax of repression only whistled near the head of Alexei Nikolayevich.

When the “Leningrad case” broke out, as a result of the investigation of which the “heads flew” of a whole group of party leaders suspected of separatism and other sins, Kosygin could well have been among the repressed. After all, the main "personnel officer" of the CPSU (b) and secretary of the Central Committee, Alexei Kuznetsov, was related to Alexei Kosygin. He was married to his wife's cousin.

In the spring of 1946, the political biography of Alexei Kosygin continues to develop. Now he is Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Soon he was appointed as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

There were legends about the phenomenal memory and incredible ability of Alexei Kosygin to quickly multiply multi-digit numbers in his mind. Stalin called him "arithmometer" for this. He was not a typical official. He did not like flattery and avoided feasts. His meetings were always short and "dry": he quickly singled out the essence and "did not spread his thoughts along the tree", not allowing his subordinates to do this.

When Iosif Vissarionovich died, without having had time to complete the planned change of elites, Kosygin managed to stay in power. The "Old Guard" after the death of the Generalissimo began to hastily "uproot" the young cadres placed by Stalin.

Aleksey Nikolayevich was also “pushed”: although he was removed from the post of Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers and the Ministry of Light Industry was taken away, he was not completely excommunicated from power - he was given a more modest ministerial chair. Now Kosygin was responsible for the production of consumer goods.

He distinguished himself here, demonstrating a thoughtful approach to the task assigned. Therefore, already in the summer of 1953, Alexei Nikolayevich headed the reorganized Ministry of Food Products Industry, created by the merger of several previous ministries. And in December of the same year, he again returned to the post of Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

There were legends about how the minister approached his duties. For example, after the end of the war, Alexei Kosygin quit smoking. But one day he went to take over a new tobacco factory in Georgia. During a conversation with its director, he asked him to smoke. He offered him cigarettes that he smoked himself - handed him a pack of American production. The Minister turned around and left. The factory manager has changed.

During the reign of Khrushchev, Kosygin was promoted again. In 1960, he became the first deputy chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers. And after the "palace coup" in 1964, Leonid Brezhnev promotes Kosygin to head of government. At the same time, Brezhnev does not like an overly experienced manager. And only his unambitiousness and lack of desire to intrigue and intrigue become the reason for further career growth.

It is noteworthy that Alexei Kosygin was the only one from the Politburo who voted against the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, for which Leonid Ilyich's entourage, and himself, looked askance at him.

He was a brilliant diplomat who knew how to quickly solve various international problems. With his direct participation, the Arab-Israeli conflicts of 1967 and 1973 were resolved. He helped bring about an end to the American bombing of Indochina in the early 1970s. But his main victory in the diplomatic field is considered to be the resolution of the most acute Soviet-Chinese conflict. They say that it was thanks to the brilliantly conducted 4-hour negotiations of Alexei Nikolaevich at the Beijing airport that the Soviet-Chinese war was prevented.

His economic reforms in industry are called more than successful. They are also called "Kosyginsky". The head of the Council of Ministers advocated the expansion of the independence of enterprises and the decentralization of the national economy. Thanks to him, such a thing as gross production, which was replaced by the indicator of sold products, has become a thing of the past.

Alexei Kosygin had a hard time. After all, his vision of economic development was significantly at odds with the "Leninist principles" and even smacked of a "bourgeois approach." This is probably why the reforms of the head of the Council of Ministers met with considerable resistance from officials of the old school and were not brought to their logical conclusion. But the main thing that, due to deteriorating health, Alexei Nikolayevich failed to accomplish, was to make the main line of the budget not the export of crude oil and gas, but the products of their processing.

Not so long ago, an amazing version began to walk around the expanses of the Internet that Alexei Kosygin is a son. That is, he is the surviving Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich, the heir to the Romanov dynasty. Allegedly, this is why the childhood of Alexei Kosygin is a complete mystery. Those who believe in this mythical version point to a certain similarity in the childhood photos of Alexei Kosygin and Alexei Romanov. But no one heard that a Soviet official suffered from hemophilia.

Personal life

This man was surprisingly unpretentious and modest. And yet - deeply decent. Having vacated his post, the former VIP official left the state dacha a week later and went to his rather modest apartment, taking only personal belongings and books. He did not have his own country dacha.

He did not amass untold wealth, although he could have. For example, during visits to different countries, gifts were often brought to him. If he agreed to take them, he immediately transferred them to the State Storage or sponsored school. For example, in Arab countries, swords and sabers adorned with diamonds and other precious stones were repeatedly presented to a prominent Soviet official. But not once did Kosygin leave a gift for himself.

The personal life of Alexei Kosygin is his only wife, Claudia Andreevna Krivosheina. They say that Stalin himself respected this woman. In his company, she never felt constrained.

In 1968, Alexei Nikolaevich became a widower: his beloved wife died on May 1, when he stood on the podium of the Mausoleum. Claudia Andreevna herself sent her husband, who spent the night in her ward, to Red Square, understanding the importance of his presence at the event.

He never married again. And the attributed romance with turned out to be just idle gossip. Later, in one of the interviews, Kosygin's driver said that his boss took the shirt donated by his deceased wife with him on all business trips as a talisman.

In the happy marriage of Kosygin and Krivosheina, a daughter, Lyudmila, was born, who later became the director of the Library of Foreign Literature and gave her parents two grandchildren - Tatiana and Alexei Gvishiani. Today Aleksey Dzhermenovich Gvishiani is a well-known geoinformatician, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and director of the Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Death

Alexei Kosygin loved sports all his life and tried to do it whenever possible. I loved skiing in winter and rowing in a kayak in summer. But after one accident, when the boat capsized and Alexei Nikolaevich was barely saved, he stopped taking risks.

In 1974, he had a microstroke. This was the first call. The heart began to fail after the body, accustomed to stress, “freed itself” from them. And 5 years later, Kosygin was diagnosed with a massive heart attack.

In October, he was relieved of his duties as a member of the Politburo and Chairman of the Council of Ministers. He applied himself, which many of his colleagues did not do, clinging to the chair to the last.

After the second heart attack, it became clear that the days of this man were numbered. He died on the morning of December 18, 1980, on the eve of Brezhnev's birthday. In order not to overshadow the holiday of the General Secretary, the funeral was organized only 6 days later, on December 24, 1980. The body of Alexei Nikolayevich was cremated and buried near the Kremlin wall.

There is a version that the Royal Family was not shot - it was just a performance. In fact, they were hidden. They say that Stalin even met during the war with the Tsar and he gave him access codes to some accounts in a Swiss bank and the money helped the USSR in the cause of Victory ...

Alexey Nikolaevich Kosygin (1904 - 1980). Twice Hero of the Socialist Labor (1964, 1974). Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru. In 1935, he graduated from the Leningrad Textile Institute.

Let me comment a few respected authors on the structure and physiology of the face of the characters under study. I will not focus on the names, so as not to be distracted, I will note one thing, and the biggest "discrepancy" is a very large nose with an inappropriately narrow face. It feels like a clown put on a nose pad, but forgot about the nostrils, and the nostrils on such a large nose look very small, which I have never seen in my 50 years. A large nose also implies large wings of the nose with large holes - otherwise, it looks like a piece of meat with holes from an awl. As a photographer, I can authoritatively state that the size and configuration of a human nose are strictly proportional, and even a large nose is not caricatured, such as

But what they did not bother to change, apparently they did not consider it necessary, is the shape of the upper lip and the distance from the nose to the fossa on the lip: if you look closely at the little prince

Summary: before us is the same person, slightly corrected by plastic surgeons, and even then probably not the best - so, the usual pad on the nose, without changing the overall proportions of the face. Of course, my answer is not the ultimate truth ... especially if you look at one more photo, only Nicholas 2,

Interesting Facts:

Alexey Nikolaevich Romanov - his photo is on the left. Born in 1904 in the family of a Russian autocrat. He received a good secular education in his youth and has already risen to the rank of junior military ranks. According to many, many, he was shot in 1918.

Alexey Nikolaevich Kosygin - his photo is on the right. According to documents, he was born in 1904 in the family of a Russian turner. The first mention of biographers is service in the Red Army from the end of 1919 (a fifteen-year-old man) until 1921. This man's career is amazing.

1. At the age of 32, he got a job as a foreman at a textile factory. Zhelyabov.


2. At the same age, he became the head of the shift of the factory. Zhelyabov.


3. At the age of 33, he became the director of the Oktyabrskaya factory.


4. At 34, he was the head of the industrial and transport department of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and, for one, the chairman of the Leningrad City Executive Committee.


5. At the age of 35 he was a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In the same year he was appointed to the post of People's Commissar of the USSR textile industry.


6. At the age of 36, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and Chairman of the Council for Consumer Goods under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.

From the memoirs of Yevgeny Ivanovich Chazov: ... There was one more trait - intelligence, which distinguished Kosygin, and maybe even Andropov, from other members of the Politburo ...

I think where he got this intelligence: in the family

or in the Red Army? And how can one make such a career without any mysterious reasons?

Unknown facts about Tsarist Russia. Says the historian of the royal family Sergei Ivanovich.

Alexey Nikolaevich Kosygin. Born on February 8 (21), 1904 in St. Petersburg - died on December 18, 1980 in Moscow. Soviet state and party leader. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1964-1980). Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1964, 1974). Member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1946-80).

October 1938 - February 2, 1939: Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Leningrad City Council;

January 2, 1939 - April 17, 1940: People's Commissar of the Textile Industry of the USSR;

August 24, 1953 - February 23, 1954: Minister of Consumer Goods Industry of the USSR;

December 7, 1953 - December 25, 1956: Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR;

March 20, 1959 - May 4, 1960: Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR;

May 4, 1960 - October 15, 1964: First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR;

Alexei Kosygin was born on February 8 (21 according to the new style) February 1904 in St. Petersburg.

Father - Nikolai Ilyich Kosygin. Mother - Matrona Alexandrovna Kosygina.

By nationality - Russian.

From the end of 1919 to March 1921, Kosygin served in the 7th Army in the 16th and 61st military field construction on the Petrograd-Murmansk section.

From 1921 to 1924, Kosygin was a student of the All-Russian food courses of the People's Commissariat for Food and studied at the Petrograd Cooperative College, after which he was sent to Novosibirsk as an instructor at the Novosibirsk Regional Union of Consumer Cooperatives.

In 1924-1926 he worked in Tyumen as an instructor in the city department of the Regional Consumer Cooperation. From 1926 to 1928 he was a member of the board, head of the organizational department of the Lena Union of Consumer Cooperatives in the city of Kirensk (now the Irkutsk region). There he was accepted as a member of the CPSU (b) in 1927.

In 1928 he returned to Novosibirsk, where he worked as the head of the planning department of the Siberian Regional Union of Consumer Cooperatives.

After returning to Leningrad in 1930, Kosygin entered the Leningrad Textile Institute, graduating in 1935. From 1936 to 1937 he worked as a foreman, and then as a shift supervisor at the factory. Zhelyabov, and from 1937 to 1938 he was the director of the Oktyabrskaya factory.

In 1938 he was appointed to the post of head of the industrial and transport department of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and in the same year he was appointed to the post of chairman of the Leningrad City Executive Committee, which he held until 1939.

On March 21, 1939, at the XVIII Congress, Kosygin was elected a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In the same year he was appointed to the post of People's Commissar of the USSR textile industry, which he held until 1940. In April 1940, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and Chairman of the Council for Consumer Goods under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.

On June 24, 1941, Kosygin was appointed deputy chairman of the Council for Evacuation under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. On July 11, by decision of the State Defense Committee, a special group of inspectors was created under the Council for Evacuation, headed by Kosygin. Under the control of this group, in the second half of 1941, 1,523 enterprises were completely or partially evacuated, including 1,360 large ones.

From January 19 to July 1942, Kosygin, as an authorized GKO in besieged Leningrad, carried out work to supply the civilian population of the city and troops, and also participated in the work of local Soviet and party bodies and the Military Council of the Leningrad Front. At the same time, Kosygin led the evacuation of the civilian population from the besieged city and participated in the creation of the "Road of Life", namely, in the implementation of the decree "On laying a pipeline along the bottom of Lake Ladoga."

On August 23, 1942, Kosygin was appointed authorized by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR to ensure the procurement of local fuels, and on June 23, 1943 - Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (since March 15, 1946 - Council of Ministers of the RSFSR).

In 1945, he was appointed to the post of Chairman of the Operations Bureau of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, was involved in the work of the Special (Atomic) Committee, at the suggestion of the Director of the Radium Institute V. G. Khlopin and the First Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee and City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks A. A. Kuznetsov A. N. Kosygin with an employee of the State Planning Commission N. A. Borisov, in accordance with the decision of the Special Committee, allocated additional space to the Radium Institute.

On March 19, 1946, Kosygin was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, with the release on March 23 from the duties of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR. In March of the same year, he was elected a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

During the famine of 1946-1947, he led the provision of food aid to the most affected areas.

From 1946 to 1947 he served as deputy chairman of the Bureau of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. On February 8, 1947, Kosygin was appointed to the post of chairman of the Bureau for Trade and Light Industry under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

In February 1948 he was elected a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. On February 16, he was appointed to the post of Minister of Finance of the USSR. On July 9, he was relieved of his duties as Chairman of the Bureau for Trade and Light Industry under the Council of Ministers, and on December 28 he was approved by the Minister of Light Industry of the USSR, whose post he held until 1953, with the release of the Minister of Finance of the USSR.

From 1948 to 1953 he was a member of the Bureau of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

On February 7, 1949, he was appointed to the post of chairman of the Trade Bureau under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. On October 16, 1952, he was elected a candidate member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

In 1951, he headed the commission that considered the issue of dissolving the FTF of Moscow State University.

According to the version of the historian Sergei Zhelenkov, there was no execution of the Romanovs. All members of the royal family survived the civil war, and Tsarevich Alexei Romanov grew up and became a prominent statesman Alexei Kosygin, who during his successful career was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and Ministers of the USSR.

miraculously saved

The historian Zhelenkov, in his work published in the magazine "President", claims that the Rothschilds, who led the Bolsheviks, decided to shoot the Romanovs, but they managed to escape through a secret tunnel in the Ipatiev house. The passage led to the building of the nearest factory, the owner of which dug an underground passage back in 1905. During the demolition of the Ipatiev house in 1977, the builders discovered an underground passage not indicated in the building plans. The escape of the family was organized by a group of officers of the tsarist General Staff. Stalin also knew about the operation, whom Zhelenkov made a relative of the Romanovs. According to the historian, a special department was organized on the basis of the 2nd Main Directorate of the KGB to supervise the children of the Romanovs. The Bolsheviks believed that in the future the family could be used for political purposes. A dacha was built near Sukhumi, where Stalin met with his relative Nikolai. The last emperor visited Moscow and died in 1958. Nicholas was buried at the Nizhny Novgorod cemetery "Red Etna". Tsarina Alexandra died in 1948 and lived in Ukraine. The emperor's daughters also lived quietly in the USSR, and only Alexei made a career.

Tsarevich Kosygin

Left to live in the USSR, the heir to the throne resigned himself to the revolution and decided to serve the Fatherland. Under the cover of the Cheka, he becomes a Red Army soldier Alexei Kosygin, whom, after the end of the war, Stalin begins to promote not along the party line, but along the economic line. In two years, Alexei Nikolaevich grows from a foreman at the Oktyabr textile factory to its director. Two years later, in 1938, Kosygin was the head of the executive committee of the Leningrad Soviet, and a year later, the people's commissar of the textile industry of the USSR. Such a career rise Zhelenkov explains not only by the talents of the escaped Romanov, but also by Stalin's personal patronage. During the war, Alexei Nikolaevich organized the evacuation of industrial enterprises in Leningrad and was engaged in laying the "Road of Life". According to the recollections of eyewitnesses, Stalin half-jokingly called Kosygin “Tsarevich” in front of everyone. Kosygin did not participate in the party struggle and retained his position under Khrushchev and Brezhnev. He was the only one from the Politburo who did not support the entry of the Soviet military contingent into Afghanistan, and Kosygin held the post of head of government for 16 years. From 1966 to 1970, Alexei Nikolayevich developed and implemented a number of reforms, this period was called the "golden eighth five-year plan."

Romanov hostages

Historians Tom Mangold and Anthony Summers published a book dedicated to the fate of the Romanovs. According to their findings, after the capture of Yekaterinburg by Kolchak in 1918, he begins an investigation into the circumstances of the death of the Romanovs. A few months later, investigator Captain Nametkin reported that there had been no execution; the second investigator, Sergeev, came to the same conclusion. In parallel, the commission of Captain Malinovsky worked, which a year later reported to the third investigator Sokolov that the imperial family had survived, and the revealed evidence of the execution was rigged. Admiral Kolchak, who proclaimed himself the Supreme Ruler of Russia, did not need the living Romanovs, and he put pressure on the investigation, which, contrary to the facts, recognized the death of the imperial family. Western writers believe that the German emperor Wilhelm II agreed with the revolutionaries on the removal of the female part of the Romanov family from Russia. The Empress and her daughters could not claim the throne, which means they were not dangerous for Moscow. Nikolai and Alexei remained with the Bolsheviks as hostages. At the same time, Lenin understood that Nikolai would give access to family and state deposits held in banks in Europe and the United States, which the young Soviet republic needed. The study of Mangold and Summers does not exclude the possibility that Alexei Romanov could recognize Soviet power and, under Stalin's patronage, reach the very government posts under the name of not Romanov, but Kosygin.

An example of a historical portrait

Years of life: 1904-1980

Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich- a prominent state and political figure of the USSR. Almost the entire period of the reign of Brezhnev L.I. (from 1964-1980) Kosygin was the permanent Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, determining the main directions of the country's policy. He simultaneously held high party posts, being a member of the Presidium, the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (since 1960) and being a Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR since 1946. He was a member of the elite of society, many transformations in the country were associated with his name.

The whole life and work of Kosygin A.N. given to the country. He defended Soviet power during the Civil War, built a new workers' and peasants' state (he graduated from the Leningrad Textile Institute, was first appointed a foreman and then director of the Oktyabrskaya factory). Since 1939, he has been at party work. During the Great Patriotic War, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council for Evacuation, since 1943 - Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. In the post-war years, he was engaged in economic and party affairs.

What are the main activities of Kosygin A.N. as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and their results?

The main direction in domestic policy was the further development of the economy, strengthening the economic power of the country. To this end, the economy was reformed. The goal is to replace the command methods of the economy with methods of economic stimulation.

The main directions of the economic reform in 1965

In industry, the restoration of sectoral ministries, the introduction of an indicator of product quality, financial incentives, the provision of some independence to enterprises, their release from petty government supervision in matters of marketing and planning (part of the income of enterprises could be left at their own disposal.) For the first time, special attention was paid to light industry.

In agriculture, the removal of debts and arrears from collective farms and state farms, an increase in purchase prices for above-plan products by 50%, and the development of the social infrastructure of villages.

The result of this activity there was a significant increase in productivity, the introduction of new enterprises, improving product quality. However, over time, productivity growth declined, and some collective and state farms turned out to be unprofitable. The reason is that the reform took place within the framework of the command-administrative system. Over time, dependency sentiments intensified, expectations of assistance from the state appeared. By the end of the 1960s, the reform began to wane.

The direction of foreign policy activities of Kosygin A.N. was the preservation of peaceful, friendly relations with countries. To this end, he was opposed to the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan in 1979. During the conflict on Damansky Island, he forbade Soviet troops to occupy this territory. Under him, relations with China improved significantly. Several arms limitation treaties were signed. He took an active part in the Final European Security Conference in 1975.

The result of the activity was the country's peace policy, which led to the avoidance of serious military conflicts, the strengthening of friendly ties in various fields with developed and developing countries.

Thus, Kosygin A.N., being the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (he was in this post for 16 years, the longest of all who held this post in the history of Russia), made a significant contribution to the development of the economy (the eighth "golden" five-year plan is the most successful in USSR), for the first time so sharply raised the issue of improving the quality of life of Soviet people, paid great attention to light industry; in foreign policy pursued a course of mutual understanding and cooperation with countries. Not everything gave positive results, his ideas were ahead of their time. The name of Kosygin A.N. is one of the outstanding figures of the USSR.

Material prepared: Melnikova Vera Alexandrovna