Paustovsky's analysis of the story warm bread. "warm bread" - analysis of the work

Recently I managed to read the story of Paustovsky warm bread. As it turned out, this is a wonderful work of a Soviet humanist writer who preferred to write about ordinary people. His works have been translated into many languages. All of his characters look like the same boys and girls as we do, so his stories, such as Paustovsky's fairy tale Warm bread for reader's diary are very close and understandable to everyone.

Paustovsky Warm bread

The story takes the reader in wartime to a simple village where a soldier with a wounded horse was passing. He left the animal, and Pankrat, a local miller, took care of it. And then all the inhabitants tried to feed the horse that went into every yard and was public.

Once a horse came to the yard where the aggressive Filka lived. Well, you. At that moment, the boy was eating bread and thus attracted a hungry horse to him. However, he did not share with the horse, and instead, he threw away the bread, and hit the horse. With his callousness, Filka almost made a disaster, because a harsh winter with severe frosts descended on the village. All the water froze, but the mill stopped. The grandmother told her grandson that this had already happened many years ago, when an old wounded soldier was offended. Apparently, even now an evil person has wound up in the village, because this comes from human malice.

Filka realized his mistake, went to the miller and made every effort to fix everything, including making peace with the horse, treating him to fresh warm bread.

main characters

The central character of Paustovsky's fairy tale turned out to be a boy from a village that lived with his grandmother. He was a vicious, callous and distrustful boy, constantly refusing to help his acquaintances and friends. There was no warmth and love for living beings in his heart, so he easily offended the horse, not realizing how cruelly he was treating the horse. Only after talking with her grandmother, Filka realizes his mistake and quickly corrects everything. And here we see other features that were revealed by the end of Paustovsky's fairy tale Warm Bread. We saw Filka as hardworking, quick-witted, with organizational skills. We saw a hero who managed to see and admit a mistake, who managed to earn the horse's trust and forgiveness.

Another of the heroes that I want to highlight is Pankrat. He was a miller and sheltered a wounded animal. This is a sensible hero, with life experience behind him, wise and sympathetic. He does not deny the boy the opportunity to fix everything and gives the opportunity to show that even in such hooligans there is something human and good.

the main idea

In the work Warm Bread, the main idea of ​​the author is the desire to show readers how important it is to be responsive, generous and kind. After all, kindness is the most valuable human quality, and all good deeds will respond with the kindness of other people. But callousness and indifference leads to trouble. At the same time, the writer says that each of us can be an evil Filka, but the main thing is to realize the mistake in time and repent, becoming more merciful, more sympathetic and kinder.

"Warm Bread" Analysis - Theme and the main idea, real and fabulous in the story. You will also learn what the fairy tale "Warm Bread" teaches.

"Warm bread" Paustov's analysis

genre- story

Topic- work and care for animals

The main idea. An evil deed must be corrected, but in general it is better not to do evil to anyone and never.

Time- the events take place during the Civil War, in the village of Berezhki

• Filka - main character works "Warm bread"
• wounded horse
• Melnik Pankrat
• grandma
• Magpie
• Frost, blizzard
• Guys
• Inhabitants of the village of Berezhki

What does the fairy tale "Warm Bread" teach?

The fairy tale teaches to live correctly, to treat people with kindness. And then life will become easier, more interesting. It is necessary to do good to people, and if you make a mistake, then you should not be afraid to repent and correct the mistake. The fairy tale teaches us kindness, mercy, responsibility for our words and deeds, respect for bread, work and perseverance in achieving noble goals.

What is real in the fairy tale "Warm Bread"

1. War, a wounded horse, hunger, human malice, an indifferent boy
2. A disabled person begging for alms, humiliation of the beggar.
3. Filka's grandmother
4. The boy's decision to go to people for help.
5. Help Pankrat and other villagers: joint work, work that melts the ice, the return to life of the mill and the inhabitants of the whole village.
6. The joy of forgiveness, reconciliation. The sensitivity of a horse.

What is fantastic in the fairy tale "Warm Bread"?

1. Miller-sorcerer; a whistle that causes cold and punishes an evil person. Wind, frost, mice.
2. The grandmother's story about the incident 100 years ago (legend).

About love and cordiality, about indifference and its consequences, about the opportunity to make amends for the harm done, about mercy and forgiveness, this literary tale K. G. Paustovsky, more like a true story. One plot connects the present and the past, people and animals, guilt and redemption.

History of creation

In 1954, nine years after the end of the war, a children's writer told the children an amazing story about good and evil. For the first time, the work was published in the famous Murzilka magazine, and later, in 1973, a short cartoon of the same name was shot.

Story analysis

Description of the story

The plot of the story takes place in wartime in a simple village. The peasants live hard, hard, there is not enough food. The old miller Pankrat, having sheltered a crippled horse, who happened to be in Berezhki, is not able to feed the poor fellow. The villagers are kind to the horse and help to the best of their ability. Only the angry and aggressive Filka, indifferent to the surrounding and other people's concerns, hurt the horse. Callousness turned into a disaster for the village: a severe cold set in, a harbinger of starvation.

Wanting to help cope with the common misfortune, the boy offers his way out of a critical situation.

Realizing that he was wrong, Filka does everything possible to compensate for his rash step, and in the finale puts up with the horse, treating him to warm bread.

main characters

Distrust, heartlessness, anger, unsociableness, callousness and greed characterize the central character of the work - Filka, a teenager living with his grandmother. Responding with a refusal to any proposals and requests from friends, he can often offend with his dismissive attitude and old woman. There is no kindness in his heart for either people or animals.

The boy understands the cruelty and irreversibility of his trick only after talking with his grandmother, and, having comprehended what he has done, he rushes to correct the situation. Having found the strength in himself to admit a mistake, Filka appears before the reader from the other side: we see genuine diligence, sincere repentance, quick wits, and organizational skills. The teenager showed the villagers his positive traits made me believe him.

Melnik Pankrat

Another main character of the fairy tale "Warm Bread" is the mysterious miller Pankrat, who gave shelter to a wounded horse. Patience and wisdom, responsiveness and prudence, practicality and prudence were acquired by the old man over the long years of his life. Knowing true value things, he does not deny Filka the opportunity to atone for guilt, realizing that every person has good sides.

In the exposition, the reader gets acquainted with the place of action and the main characters. The plot of the story is the ugly step of a heartless boy, which brought sad consequences.

Using a strict sequence of events, the writer allows you to trace the gradual disclosure of the character of the hero, clearly showing the motivation for his behavior.

The denouement of the tale is the reconciliation of the boy and the horse, the repentance of one and the forgiveness of the other.

In plain words, Paustovsky speaks of spiritual generosity, compassion, responsiveness. Good thoughts and deeds respond with kindness, and callousness inevitably turns into evil and troubles. The writer is sure that, having realized the mistake in time and repented, each person has a chance to change the situation, make amends, become more merciful.

The purpose of the lesson:

1) analysis of the work,

2) acquaintance with the concept of sin, redemption, repentance in Orthodox teaching,

3) development of students' analytical thinking,

4) moral education.

Improve your reading skills

Develop the ability to analyze, identify causal relationships, argue your point of view, the ability to generalize, apply previously acquired knowledge in the analysis of a work of art,

To develop the cognitive abilities of students, to expand their horizons.

Equipment: a portrait of the writer, books of the writer, illustrations from the Holy Scriptures, multimedia projector, laptop, music center.

In the course of the lesson, the music of P.I. Tchaikovsky “The Seasons” sounds.

During the classes

I pray and repent
And I cry again
And I renounce
From the deed of evil...
A.K. Tolstoy

I. Organizational moment.

II. Announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson. Acquaintance with the epigraph of the lesson. Remind students of what an epigraph is and its purpose.

III. Introductory speech of the teacher about K. G. Paustovsky.

Annex 1 (A portrait of the writer is projected on the screen, slides illustrating his biography)

K. G. Paustovsky is a famous Russian writer. Born in 1892 in Moscow, but spent his childhood in Ukraine. His family moved several times from place to place, first to Pskov, then to Vilna, and finally settled in Kiev. Paustovsky's father served as a statistician in the department railway, and, according to the writer himself, the family owed frequent moves to his quarrelsome character.

The future writer studied at the Kiev gymnasium, where he began to write his first works.

After graduating from high school in 1912, he entered Kiev University, the Faculty of History and Philology, then transferred to Moscow University, the Faculty of Law. The First World War forced him to interrupt his studies. Paustovsky became a leader on a Moscow tram, worked on an ambulance train. In 1915, with a field sanitary detachment, he retreated along with the Russian army across Poland and Belarus.

After the death of his two brothers, Paustovsky returned to Moscow to his mother, but after a while he left there. During this period, he worked at the Bryansk Metallurgical Plant in Yekaterinoslavl, at the Novorossiysk Metallurgical Plant in Yuzovka, at the boiler plant in Taganrog, and in a fishing artel on the Sea of ​​Azov. In his free time, he began writing his first story, Romantics, which was published only in the 1930s in Moscow. After the beginning of the February Revolution, he left for Moscow, began working as a reporter in newspapers, being a witness to all the events in Moscow during the days of the October Revolution.

During civil war served in the Red Army in the guard regiment. Subsequently, he moved to Kiev, traveled a lot in the south of Russia, lived for two years in Odessa, working in the newspaper "Sailor". From Odessa, Paustovsky left for the Caucasus, living in Sukhumi, Batumi, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Baku.

In 1923 Paustovsky returned to Moscow. For several years he worked as an editor for ROSTA and began to publish. His first collection of short stories was published in 1928. In the 1930s, Paustovsky actively worked as a journalist for the newspaper Pravda and the magazines 30 Days, Our Achievements and others, and traveled a lot around the country. Many impressions of these trips were embodied in works of art.

During the years of the Great Patriotic War Paustovsky worked as a war correspondent on the Southern Front and wrote short stories.

In the 1950s, Paustovsky lived in Moscow and in Tarusa on the Oka. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, other orders and a medal.

Konstantin Georgievich spent the last years of his life in the city of Tarusa, which he fell in love with with all his heart. May 30, 1967 K.G. Paustovsky was awarded the title "Honorary citizen of the city of Tarusa". And it is well deserved. Paustovsky fell in love with Tarusa and fought for its preservation and development. Buried K.G. Paustovsky at the local cemetery on the outskirts of the city above the steep bank of the Taruska River.

Seeing off Paustovsky Russia
to the quiet last threshold.
The slanting rains were accepted,
washed a long road.
Wide, far, in quiet grief
the day was dim, gray, blond.
On the high Oka slope
buried Paustovsky Tarus.

Konstantin Georgievich is an adult writer. His novels and stories brought light, joy and hope to our harsh life. The writer did not forget about the children either, having composed several fairy tales for them: “The Disheveled Sparrow”, “The Steel Ring”, “The Dense Bear”, “Warm Bread”, etc.

These works are not quite like fairy tales. Since the events described in them are very vital, real. But each fairy tale contains deep thoughts that confirm the power of the word, strengthening our spirit and the wisdom of Christian commandments.

Konstantin Georgievich lived at such a time that the very word of God, the laws of God were forbidden, churches collapsed, sacred books were destroyed. To convey to the readers the wisdom of Christ's commandments, the writer resorted to the form of a parable, calling them fairy tales.

IV. vocabulary work: let's remember what a parable is? (Concise, short instructive story - edification). Write the definition in a notebook on literature.

V. Working with the text of a fairy tale. Reading with commentary. Conversation on questions about the content of the tale.

How can this part of the tale be defined compositionally? That's right, the introduction, which introduces us to the situation, introduces us to the circumstances that preceded the main event.

2) What did we learn about the horse and Pankrat?

A) What did we learn about Filka?

b) Do you like the boy?

C) Why is he like that and why is his name Filka, and not Philya or Filippok?

D) Why does he not live with his grandmother-grandmother, but with his grandmother?

d) Where are his parents?

E) How do the old and the young manage without help?

G) What feelings does Filka evoke in you?

VI. Landscape work. What picture of winter does the author paint? Lines of what poem does it remind you of? (A. Pushkin “October has already come ...”)

VII. What once happened in Berezhki? Read the episode from the words: “On one of these warm gray days ...” to the words “You will not get enough of Christ-lovers ...”.

VIII. Analysis of the read episode. What did Filka do in this episode? Sin. Evil, cruel thing. He offended the wounded horse, which lived thanks to the mercy of people. He did a heinous act. From these words emanates such malice that it will inevitably lead to trouble.

IX. What trouble happened in Berezhki? (Retell the episode: amazing things in Berezhki).

X. Why does the whole village pay for the evil deed of one boy?

XI. What life lesson did the grandmother tell Filka? Why did the grandmother tell her grandson the story of the peasant and the soldier? Did she guess that Filka had done evil?

XII. How can you call this story, which happened a hundred years ago? Right, parable. It is in the form of a parable that people, following Jesus Christ, pass on their life experience from generation to generation, teach children the lessons of life.

XIII. Did Filka take Babkin's lesson? Did you understand that you did a very bad deed and you need to somehow correct what you did? What, in your opinion, in the grandmother's parable made the greatest impression on him?

XIV. Teacher's word. Filka was overcome with fear. Adam and Eve were also afraid of what they had done and decided to hide from God, because fear and shame seized them. So does our little sinner. Don't you try to hide what you've done when you do something unpleasant? But God, your conscience, is omnipresent. His voice is in your heart. And the longer you hide your sin, the worse the retribution will be later and the more difficult it will be to overcome fear and shame.

Physical workout. Indeed, every person has an invisible part - the soul, and a visible part - the body.

Let's check if our body is in place. Stand up straight. Raise your heads up. And now we make tilts of the head to the shoulders, rotate the head. Well done! Everyone has a head on their shoulders! Raise your shoulders up. Now we straighten our back, bring the shoulder blades together, imagine that we clamped a walnut with the shoulder blades and split it. So everyone's backs are straight? Well done! Let's check if our hands are in place. Raised them up, lowered them. We make rotations with the hands. We squeeze and unclench our fingers. Let's feel our feet. We do squats. Well done! Everyone's body is in place. Sit down.

Teacher: And we continue the conversation about what happened to the hero of the fairy tale by K. G. Paustovsky.

XV. What happens in the soul of Filka, who hid under a sheepskin coat on the stove? We read the episode from the words “At night he got down from the stove ...” to the words “.. Pankrat opened the door, grabbed Filka by the collar and dragged him into the hut.”

XVI. Highlight keywords in the paragraph describing the condition of the boy on the way to the mill. (The air is blue, terrible; the air froze; black willows; the air pricked his chest; he walked heavily, neighed and beat the wounded horse with his hoof). The path of our hero to repentance is long and difficult.

XVII. What happens next? Was Filka sincerely ashamed of what he had done? (Yes. He not only regrets his cruelty, but is also ready to take the blame for the disaster that happened). Why in the fairy tale of K. Paustovsky does not happen what happens in ordinary life when your mother or grandmother forgives you for your tricks?

XVIII. Teacher's word. How Filka atoned for his sin, you will read at home. And now we will try to imagine what kind of work the human soul does on the way to repentance, the atonement of sin. This path is like a ladder, and each of its steps cleanses the conscience, cleanses from the yoke of guilt. Appendix 1 (The entire subsequent story of the teacher is illustrated with slides on the screen).

The very first step is awareness of one's sin, shame for an unrighteous deed (as well as a word or even a thought, intention). You must deeply feel your guilt and understand that you have violated some commandment of God, which means you have done evil.

The second step, which is very difficult to climb, since it requires a lot of willpower, is overcoming fear of punishment and shame before people who find out about your misdeed.

The next, even more difficult stage - sincere repentance and repentance in front of those whom you offended, this is not easy, because you need to humble your pride, self-pity. It may seem that you are humiliating yourself by doing this. In fact, you only rise in the eyes of people and, above all, before your conscience. By sincere repentance, you perform a great act of spiritual cleansing - and it becomes easy and fun for you.

However, not everyone and not always manages to climb the fourth step of repentance - atonement, correction of sin. Evil is done thoughtlessly, easily and quickly, but evil can be corrected only with great difficulty.

Fifth, highest step thanks for the lesson. Who are we to thank and how? Think about it at home and write the answer in your literature notebook.

XIX. Lesson summary: what lesson did you learn for yourself from the fairy tale of K. G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”? What does this story teach us? What is her wisdom?

Words can cry and laugh.
Order, pray and conjure.
And, like a heart, bleed
And indifferently to breathe cold.
A call to become, and a review, and a call
Capable of a word, changing the way.
And they curse and swear by the word,
They admonish, and praise, and vilify.

This is how the poet Y. Kozlovsky wrote about the power of a word and a bad deed.

An evil deed must be corrected, but in general it is better not to do evil to anyone. And, most importantly, be careful with the word. The Lord has endowed all people with the gift of words. Thanks to this gift, we can communicate, understand each other, negotiate among ourselves, learn everything good and useful. But the sinful nature of man pushes him to pervert the beauty of speech. And then the word from a good helper, a healer turns into an enemy. A word can hurt and even kill, like a bullet or a knife. And so it must be handled carefully, thoughtfully. And do what you would like to be done to you.

“The word is a great thing. Great because with a word you can unite people, with a word you can separate them, with a word you can serve love, with a word you can serve enmity and hatred. Beware of such a word that divides people,” the great L. Tolstoy teaches us.

You can't be indifferent, you can't give up before evil. Fight him with the only weapon available to us - the word. All Russian literature, starting from antiquity, is saturated with the ideas and traditions of Orthodoxy, based on biblical and gospel teachings. It was in Orthodoxy that freedom of choice triumphed: a person himself chooses the path of righteousness or sin, but, having sinned, he can overcome his sin by spiritual effort, moral struggle. A person cannot predict what his actions will lead to. But all the same, he must act reasonably, morally. No wonder the Epicureans said: “To be happy, you need to have a healthy body and a clear conscience. How to have a healthy body, any doctor will tell you about it, but what about conscience: Do not commit crimes, and you will not be tormented by remorse.”

I want to finish my lesson with the wonderful words of the poet N. Rylenkov:

On the good word
No need to skimp.
Say this word
What to drink.
With an offensive word
Can't be in a hurry
So that tomorrow
Don't be ashamed of yourself.

Grading active students

Bibliography

1. M. Aliger, “Collection of Poems”, Moscow, Enlightenment, 1975
2. I. M. Bondarenko Taganrog in Literature. Taganrog, Lukomorye, 2007.
3. Wikipedia.
4. S.F. Ivanova “Introduction to the Temple of the Word”, “Father’s House”, Moscow, 2006.

There are many stories that talk about how to live right, what actions to avoid, what to truly appreciate. Usually, the author tells about these difficult truths in the form of an instructive story. Paustovsky is a recognized master of a short story. In his writings there is always a motive of high civic intentions and fidelity to one's duty. In addition, in his creations, a lively story is combined with a heartfelt description of nature. "Warm Bread" is a wonderful example of the writer's artistic skill. We will talk about this work in this article.

Instructive story

During his life, Konstantin Paustovsky composed many outstanding works. "Warm Bread" is a story for children in which the author teaches young readers not to commit evil deeds and never offend defenseless people and animals. This work is more like a fairy tale, even a parable, where Christian commandments about spiritual warmth and love for one's neighbor are conveyed to children in a simple and accessible form.

Title of the work

Konstantin Paustovsky gave a meaningful title to his story. "Warm bread" is a symbol life force and spiritual generosity. Bread in Russia was obtained by the peasants with hard work, and therefore the attitude towards it was careful, reverent. And fresh pastries have been the best delicacy on the table in every home for many years. The aroma of bread in Paustovsky's story has miraculous power, it makes people kinder and cleaner.

Beginning of the work

Paustovsky begins his story with a short introduction. "Warm Bread" tells that once, during the war, a combat cavalry detachment was walking through the village of Berezhki. At this time, a shell exploded on the outskirts and wounded the black horse in the leg. The animal could not go further, and the old miller Pankrat took him in. He was always gloomy, but very quick to work, a man whom the local children secretly considered a sorcerer. The old man cured the horse and began to carry on it everything that was necessary for the arrangement of the mill.

Further, Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" tells that the time described in the work was very difficult for ordinary people. Many did not have enough food, so Pankrat could not feed the horse alone. Then the animal began to walk around the yards and ask for food. They took out stale bread, beet tops, even carrots, because they believed that the horse was "public" and suffered for a just cause.

Boy Filka

In his work, Konstantin Paustovsky described the changes that, under the influence of circumstances, occurred in the soul of a child. "Warm Bread" is a story about a boy named Filka. He lived with his grandmother in the village of Berezhki and was rude and distrustful. The hero answered all the reproaches with the same phrase: "Come on!" Once Filka was sitting at home alone and eating delicious bread sprinkled with salt. At this time, a horse entered the yard and asked for food. The boy hit the animal on the lips and threw bread into the loose snow with the words: "You, the Christ-lovers, will not get enough!"

These evil words became a signal for the start of extraordinary events. A tear rolled down from the horse's eyes, he neighed offendedly, waved his tail, and at that moment a severe frost fell on the village. The snow that shot up immediately powdered Filka's throat. He rushed into the house and locked the door behind him with his favorite saying: "Come on!" However, he listened to the noise outside the window and realized that the blizzard was whistling exactly like the tail of an angry horse beating itself on the sides.

Fierce cold

Paustovsky describes amazing things in his story. "Warm Bread" tells about the severe cold that fell to the ground after Filka's rude words. The winter that year was warm, the water near the mill did not freeze, and then such a frost struck that all the wells in Berezhki froze to the very bottom, and the river was covered with a thick crust of ice. Now all the people in the village were waiting for inevitable starvation, because Pankrat could not grind flour at his mill.

old legend

Then Konstantin Paustovsky tells about the old legend. "Warm bread" through the mouth of old Filka's grandmother describes the events that happened in the village a hundred years ago. Then the crippled soldier knocked on the door of a wealthy peasant and asked for food. The sleepy and angry owner, in response, threw a piece of stale bread on the floor and ordered the veteran to pick up the thrown "treat" himself. The soldier picked up the bread and saw that it was completely covered with green mold, and it was impossible to eat it. Then offended person went out into the courtyard, whistled, and an icy cold fell on the ground, and the greedy peasant died "from the cooling of his heart."

Awareness of the act

An instructive parable was invented by Paustovsky. "Warm Bread" describes the terrible turmoil that occurred in the soul of a frightened boy. He realized his mistake and asked his grandmother if he and the rest of the people had any hope of salvation. The old woman replied that everything would be fine if the person who had done evil repented. The boy realized that he needed to make peace with the offended horse, and at night, when his grandmother fell asleep, he ran to the miller.

The path to repentance

"Filka's path was not easy," Paustovsky writes. The writer tells that the boy had to overcome a severe cold, such that even the air seemed to be frozen, and there was no strength to breathe. At the miller's house, Filka could no longer run and only struggled heavily through the swept snowdrifts. Sensing the boy, a wounded horse neighed in the barn. Filka was frightened, sat down, but then Pankrat opened the door, saw the child, dragged him by the collar into the hut and sat him by the stove. With tears, Filka told the miller everything. He called the boy a "senseless citizen" and ordered him to figure out a way out of the situation in an hour and a quarter.

Invented way

Further, Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich immerses his hero in deep reflections. In the end, the boy decided in the morning to gather all the village children on the river and start cutting ice with them near the mill. Then water will flow, the ring can be turned, the device will warm up and start grinding flour. So flour and water will again appear in the village. The miller doubted that the guys would want to pay for Filkin's foolishness with their hump, but promised that he would talk to the local old people so that they would go out on the ice.

Getting rid of the cold

K. G. Paustovsky paints a wonderful picture of joint work in his work (the stories of this author are particularly expressive). He tells how all the children and old people went to the river and began to cut the ice. Fires blazed all around, axes rattled, and by common efforts people conquered the cold. True, the warm summer wind, which suddenly blew from the south, also helped. The chatty magpie, which heard the conversation between Filka and the miller, and then flew off in an unknown direction, bowed to everyone and said that it was she who managed to save the village. She seemed to fly to the mountains, found a warm wind there, woke him up and brought him with her. However, no one, except for the crows, understood the magpie, so her merits remained unknown to people.

Reconciliation with the horse

Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" is a wonderful example of prose for children. In it, the writer told how the little rude man learned to do good deeds and watch his words. After the water reappeared on the river, the ring of the mill turned, and freshly ground flour flowed into the bags. From it, women kneaded a sweet tight dough and baked fragrant bread from it. The smell of ruddy pastry with cabbage leaves burnt to the bottom was such that even foxes crawled out of their holes in the hope of feasting on it. And the guilty Filka, together with the guys, came to Pankrat to put up with a wounded horse. He was holding a loaf in his hands fresh bread, and the tiny boy Nikolka carried after him a large wooden container with salt. The horse at first backed away and did not want to accept the gift, but Filka wept so desperately that the animal had mercy and took fragrant bread from the boy's hands. When the wounded horse had eaten, he laid his head on Filka's shoulder and closed his eyes from pleasure and satiety. Peace was restored and spring came to the village again.

Bread symbol

Paustovsky called "Warm Bread" one of his favorite compositions. The genre of the work can be defined as a parable about basic Christian values. The symbol of bread plays a key role in it. If black human ingratitude can be compared with a stale crust of moldy bread, then kindness and spiritual generosity can be compared with a sweet and fresh loaf. The boy who carelessly threw a cut piece into the snow has committed a very bad deed. He not only offended the wounded horse, but also neglected the product created by hard work. For this, Filka was punished. Only the threat of starvation helped him understand that even a stale piece of bread must be treated with respect.

Collective responsibility

Schoolchildren study the story "Warm Bread" (Paustovsky) in the fifth grade. Analyzing this work, children often wonder why the whole village had to answer for the bad deed of one boy. The answer is in the story itself. The fact is that Filka suffered from extreme egocentrism and did not notice anyone around. He was unkind to his grandmother and dismissive of his friends. And only the threat looming over all the inhabitants of the village helped the boy feel responsible for the fate of other people. When the guys came to the aid of the gloomy and distrustful Filka, they melted not only the river, but also his icy heart. Therefore, the summer wind blew over Berezhki even before the boy made peace with the horse.

The role of nature in the work

In the story "Warm Bread" (Paustovsky), the analysis of which is presented in this article, the mighty forces of nature play an important role. At the very beginning of the work, it is told that the winter in the village was warm, the snow melted before reaching the ground, and the river near the mill did not freeze. The weather was warm in Berezhki as long as the wounded horse was fed and pitied there. However, Filka's cruel words and his bad behavior aroused great anger in nature. A severe cold instantly set in, which fettered the river and deprived people of hope for food. The boy had to overcome first the cold in his soul, then the cold outside, in order to atone for his guilt. And only when people all together went out on the ice to save the village, a fresh summer breeze blew as a symbol of Filka's spiritual rebirth.

The power of a word

K. G. Paustovsky was a true Christian. The writer's stories are permeated with kindness and love for people. In the work "Warm Bread" he showed how important it is to follow not only your actions, but also your words. Filka's cruel phrase, ringing in the air, made everything around freeze, because the boy, without realizing it, committed a terrible evil. After all, it is from human callousness and indifference that the most serious crimes arise, which, with a different attitude, could have been prevented. To apologize to the offended horse, Filka did not need words, he actually proved that he repented of his own act. And the sincere tears of the boy finally atoned for his guilt - now he will never dare to be cruel and indifferent.

Real and fabulous

Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich skillfully combined fabulous and real motifs in his creations. For example, in "Warm Bread" there are ordinary heroes: Pankrat, Filka, his grandmother, and the rest of the villagers. And invented: magpie, forces of nature. The events that take place in the work can also be divided into real and fabulous. For example, the fact that Filka offended a horse, asked Pankrat about how to correct what he had done, broke ice on the river with the guys and made peace with the animal, there is nothing unusual. But the magpie, which brings the summer wind along with it, and the cold that has befallen the village at the call of an angry horse, are clearly out of the ordinary life. All events in the work are organically intertwined, creating a single picture. Thanks to this, "Warm Bread" can be called both a fairy tale and an instructive story at the same time.

ancient words

Folklore motifs are actively used by Paustovsky in his work. "Warm bread", the content of which is saturated with old words and expressions, confirms this. The meaning of many archaisms is not familiar to modern children. For example, in Russia, people who beg for alms were called Christ-lovers. This word was never considered offensive, everyone gave to the needy as much as they could. However, in the story it takes on a negative connotation, because Filka offended the wounded horse, in fact calling him a beggar.

Other archaisms are often used in the story: "cap", "battle", "withered", "nashkodil", "three", "yar", "osokori" and others. They give the work a special flavor, bring it closer to folk fairy tale motifs.

Sin and repentance

Bad deeds must be held accountable. Paustovsky speaks about this in his story. "Warm bread", the heroes of which managed to defeat the cold, testifies that they also coped with the cold that reigned in the soul little boy. At first, Filka was simply frightened, but did not realize the depth of his guilt. The boy's grandmother probably guessed what happened, but did not scold him, but told him instructive tale, because the child himself had to realize his mistake. Pankrat taught Filka another lesson - he forced him to independently come up with a way out of this situation. Only by sincere repentance and hard work did the boy manage to win forgiveness. higher powers. Good again defeated evil, and the thawed soul of the child warmed with its warmth a loaf of fresh bread.

Conclusion

World literature knows many stories with a fascinating plot and an instructive end. One of them was invented by Paustovsky (“Warm Bread”). Reviews of this work indicate that Konstantin Georgievich managed to touch the hearts of his little readers and convey to them important concepts about mercy, love for one's neighbor and responsibility. In an accessible form, the writer described the consequences that rash actions and offensive words can lead to. After all, the main character of the story did not want to harm anyone, but he made a serious mistake. At the very end of the story, it is said that Filka is not an evil boy, and sincerely repents of his act. And the ability to admit one's mistakes and bear responsibility for them is one of the most important human qualities.