What is the meaning of the fairy tale warm bread. K.G
Development of a literature lesson for grade 5 on the topic "Reading the tale of K. G. Paustovsky" Warm bread"This material is a step-by-step analysis of the tale, allowing children to better understand the ideological concept of the author, his relationship to the events depicted.
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We read the tale of K.G. Paustovsky "Warm bread"
The purpose of the lesson: to expand the circle of students' reading, to continue work on the analysis of a prose work.
Lesson Objectives:
educational: develop the ability to observe an artistic word, draw independent conclusions, show the role of speech characteristics in revealing the characters of heroes, the role of detail, means of expression;
developing: to form the ability to analyze a prose work, conduct a dialogue, form the main idea of the work, develop the ability to reason, develop research abilities (the ability to compare);
educational: draw the attention of students to issues related to the manifestation of compassion, respect for other people and all living things.
During the classes
- Organizing time.
- Introductory speech of the teacher.
If you needed to retell this tale in one sentence, how would you do it?
The tale tells how one boy quarreled with a horse, and because of this, the whole village in which they lived could die, however kind people told the boy how to fix the situation.
Did you like the fairy tale? How do you feel about her characters?
The choice of a title for their works, writers take seriously: after all, it should reflect the main idea of the book. We will try to understand why K.G. Paustovsky called the tale "Warm Bread". To do this, let's talk about it in more detail.
3. Conversation on the content of the tale.
Who would you call the main characters of the tale?
What time did the horse appear in the village? (The writer shows a difficult wartime. Life was hard, there was nothing to eat, the mill had not worked for a long time. And at that time a horse appeared in the village. He was wounded by a German shell, the commander decided to leave him in the village. Miller Pankrat gave shelter to the wounded , and the inhabitants helped the horse as much as they could, calling it a public one. The horse was a noble animal: after he was cured by the miller, he did not idle, but began to help build the dam)
Why was Filka nicknamed “Well, you”?
How did Filka meet the horse? (Filka reacted to the horse the same way as to everything: cold and indifferent. The boy called the horse, hit him on the lips, and threw the bread to which he was reaching out into the snow. Filka did not think that the horse needed help, support, that he cannot live without people.
Filka is also to blame for the fact that he outraged bread. A lot of human labor has been invested in bread, and by throwing it at his feet, Filka devalued this important product).
The author uses the epithet “malevolent”. We see how much evil is in the boy and how this evil spreads to others. Has anything changed in the village after Filka's misconduct? Let's read and compare the two episodes. What is interesting about them?
4. Comparative analysis episodes
1. Description of nature before Filka's meeting with the horse (from the words “The winter was warm this year ...”).
2. Description of the blizzard (from the words “A tear rolled down from the horse's eyes ...”).
The first episode describes warm weather, the water did not freeze, the repaired mill would start working and give people life - bread. And in the second episode, it is shown how “a blizzard roared, maddened”. The author uses the trick of impersonation. The blizzard behaves like an angry person. There are a lot of verbs in this episode. They show how dynamically everything happened, nothing could stop nature. And Filka still could not find the porch (he was lost in life, cold in his soul, cold and around).
How do you explain the phrase: “... through her [blizzard] roar Filka heard a thin and short whistle - this is how a ponytail whistles when an angry horse hits itself on the sides”?
The blizzard began exactly at the moment when Filka offended the horse. This act showed disrespect for nature, and the horse is part of nature. A horse is a friend of man, does a lot for the sake of people. Filka not only chased him away, he frightened off happiness. And the horse "whinnied plaintively and lingeringly, waved its tail." In nature, everything is interconnected. Having offended the horse, Filka insulted the world... Nature decided to intercede for the horse. An evil person brought evil to a living being, evil began to rule in the world. And it was not for nothing that the neighing of a horse was heard ...
And since the horse was public, Filka brought grief to the whole village.
Everything was frozen with ice, “there’s no water, everyone’s flour has run out, and the mill will not be able to work now ...” The tears of the grandmother personified the tears of the whole village, and even Filka “also cried with fear.”
(Reading the roles of the grandmother's dialogue with Filka.)
Why did the grandmother tell Filka a hundred-year-old story? Why are the stories so similar? (What happened a hundred years ago in the village is very similar to the situation with Filka. Both the horse and the old soldier were wounded in the leg, defending their homeland. Both came to people for help. But the people turned out to be evil, lazy. Bread was given with evil And then a man whistled (like a horse). And a blizzard, a storm, and the man died. Regularity: brought evil to another - acquired evil for himself. Grandma told Filka a story so that he could think about what he had done).
Why did Filka, indifferent, lazy, fearful, run to the mill at night?
Filka realized that only the one who did evil is able to correct it. He was also afraid that evil might return to him.
(An expressive reading of the description of the night from the words “The snow sang under our feet ...” to the words “He could no longer run, but walked hard, raking the snow with felt boots.”)
How do you understand the comparison “the snow sang underfoot, as if a gang of merry sawers were sawing at the root of a birch grove across the river”?
Inconsistency: the sawers were destroying the grove, which could bring many more good, pleasant minutes, and their fun did not correspond to the situation, perhaps it was feigned. The snow sang in the same way, threatening the whole village with death.
Was it easy for Filka to go to the miller? Why?
Let's listen to the conversation between the miller and Filka.
Was Filka able to tell about his wrongdoing? How does this characterize him?
Filka behaved courageously. He managed to admit that he acted ugly, which means that he will be able to fix everything. Pankrat also advised him this, because he, a wise man who knows people, realized that Filka was beginning to change into better side.
What does the expression “change for the better” mean? What did Pankrat call Filka?
At first, Pankrat calls Filka a meaningless person, that is, living without meaning, without a purpose in life, not knowing what to do and why. Such a person can commit both evil and good deeds, without answering to anyone for them. Pankrat hopes that in the future Filka will be a “pure person”, cheerful. Merry means no evil. Like the guys from the village. After all, Filka is very confident in them: they are good, hardworking, honest, kind, friendly. And Filka will definitely become like that. He felt responsible for other people, it helped him to change.
Did Filka succeed in his plans? How did Pankrat and Soroka explain this?
Pankrat believed that this warm wind helped the children and old people break off the ice. Magpie told everyone that it was she who, feeling sorry for the people, asked the summer wind to drive away the severe frost.
Who is right?
(An expressive reading of the episode from the words “On frosty days the sun rises crimson, in heavy smoke ...” to the words “The air smelled of spring ...”)
Both old people and young guys - all with early morning began to work on the river (“I heard the frequent clatter of crowbars”). Amicably, the ice was chipping off merrily at the mill. The younger generation learned from the old. From Filka's heart with tears, with fear, anger left in the joint work. Again, the author speaks of a birch grove, only now it “merrily, loudly rustled over the river”. Nature thawed, as a mother's heart thaws at the sight of a repentant child. Birches rustle merrily: with hope for life, not death.
What was the reward for the friendly work of the villagers?
The mill started up. After the cold and cold it was possible to dip “your chilled hands” into hot flour.
Why did the women laugh at the same time?
Laughter is happiness, joy, bright hopes. It is very good when people laugh - life comes back to them. The huts were glowing from the fire, all living things “spun around the housewives”, came to life, and did not freeze in tears and sorrow. Goodness settled in the houses again.
What else symbolized life in this village?
The hostesses baked bread at night. This is “warm”, “wonderful” bread. He gives a good mood, peace. There is a wonderful proverb “Bread is the head of everything”. The story speaks of warmth, warm human hands that breathed life into bread. Bread is a symbol of comfort and friendship.
Did Filka feel like having redeemed his guilt? Why do you think so?
No, until Filka talked to the horse, he could not admit that his guilt was exhausted. The boy needed to see the one he offended, personally ask him for forgiveness.
(Reading by roles from the words “The next morning Filka came with the guys to the mill ...” to the words “And when he had eaten all the bread, put his head on Filka’s shoulder, sighed and closed his eyes from satiety and pleasure ...”)
Why didn't the horse accept the bread that Filka brought him?
In the horse's soul, there is still a distrust of this person. A very important thought: if you cheat once, you will lose respect forever. And Filka was scared of this. He realized that a bad deed is done quickly and easily, and return good opinion about yourself is difficult.
Who helped Filka make peace with the horse?
Pankrat believed in Filka, asked to believe in him and the horse. The miller did it just in time, otherwise Filka could have become embittered again. This tale shows the importance of an adult friend in the lives of children. Both the grandmother and the miller have a lot of wisdom. Advice given on time can prevent any trouble.
Read the scene of Filka's reconciliation with the horse. What feelings did the main characters begin to experience? Do you think Filka will retain the nickname “Well, you!”?
The horse forgave Filka, he believed that the boy could no longer offend him or any other creature. The main character has changed, has ceased to be indifferent to everything. This is a touching moment of the tale: forgiving the enemy, finding a friend. And no one will ever call Filka “Well, you!”.
How do you explain the name of Paustovsky's fairy tale "Warm bread"?
The name uses both direct and figurative meanings of words. The main thing is that what happened helped Filka to understand himself, in people, to become different, to understand that any act (good or evil) is connected with the whole subsequent life of a person.
Homework.Make a plan for an oral story on the topic "Filka's Transformation".
Preview:
The topic of the lesson is "The Soul Screams". (based on the story of G.I. Pinyasov "Yesterday's Man")
The purpose of the lesson:
1.Systematize the proposed and independently selected information;
2. In the process of analysis, bring students to the ideological significance of the work;
3. Develop speech and creative thinking students.
The only thing in the world that has value is
It is an active soul.
R. Emerson
During the classes
- Introductory speech of the teacher.
Throughout its history, man has surrounded himself with animals. At first, this was caused only by selfish motives: some helped in the hunt, others warned of danger, and still others made the hard work easier. However, with the advent of various equipment the need for this has disappeared, but man has not lost interest in animals.
Expressive reading of B. Slutsky's poem "Horses in the Ocean" and an excerpt from G. Pinyasov's story "Yesterday's Man".
What unites the poem and this passage?
How did you feel while listening?
When reading what works have you experienced similar feelings before?
Indeed, many writers have sought to create the image of a four-legged friend in literature. Ahead of us is the study of such wonderful works as "Kusaka" by L. Andreev, "What the Horses Cry" by F. Abramov, which will allow you to make sure once again that animals, like people, can rejoice, yearn, worry.
Of course, the appeal to this topic is not accidental, because it is through the attitude towards animals that the soul of a person is revealed, his moral qualities are manifested. And we can be convinced of this on the example of the wonderful story "Yesterday's Man" by the talented modern Mordovian writer Grigory Ilyich Pinyasov.
2. Conversation about the biography of the writer.
The name of G. Pinyasov does not appear on the covers of books so often: he is extremely demanding of his work.
What did you manage to learn about the life and work of the writer?
G. Pinyasov was born on September 11, 1944 in the village of Mordovskaya Polyana, Zubovo-Polyansky district, in the family of a collective farmer. After graduating from the seven-year school, he entered the Zubovo-Polyanskoe Pedagogical School. After completing his studies he worked in the editorial office of the newspaper "Mokshen Pravda". In 1982 he was approved as editor-in-chief of the Moksha magazine.
Huge material accumulated from life observations, meetings with interesting people, was reflected in travel notes, essays, stories published on the pages of the newspapers "Soviet Mordovia", "Mokshen Prava", "Young Leninist".
The best works of G. Pinyasov have been translated into Russian and the languages of other peoples of Russia.
- Conversation on the work.
Have you had any difficulty reading and comprehending the story "Yesterday's Man"?
Who is the main character of the story? What have you learned about him?
How does his wife feel about his work?
- "Wow, yesterday's man!" What is the meaning of the wife in the definition of "yesterday"?
Does Sergey understand her?
Follow Sergey's behavior in the stable, see how he treats each horse and how the horses treat him?
Prove with the words of the text that Sergei constantly draws a parallel between horses and people.
How do you understand Sergei's words "such a person is colder than the Epiphany frost"?
And what does Sergei himself say about such people?
"But the souls of some have become coarse!"
Whom does Sergey mean?
Fedor is Sergei's partner, the same groom, but what distinguishes him from Sergei?
Sergei, looking at Fyodor's “work”, decisively says: “Go to the construction brigade, as you grind a log, it will be fine”. Why is he sure that "you can't let him get close to the horses"?
- Fyodor, realizing that he has nothing to object to Sergei, rudely declares: “Well, tell me, who needs your horses now? Nobody. The horses will be sent to the sausage shop soon. How has Sergey changed after these words?
"I became half less"
It is no coincidence that after the news that the chairman was summoning him, it was as if the ceiling had moved towards him. With what thoughts does Sergey go to the club?
Have his fearful thoughts been confirmed?
Fortunately, no. He was summoned for an award. The moment of awarding is undoubtedly the brightest and most solemn in the story. And here the voice of the author sounds very distinctly, which tells us that Sergey was awarded not only for conscientious thirty years of work.
And what else was awarded to him, what do you think?
He, Sergei, and today carefully preserves the spirit of the village, so that his descendants can smell it.
Guys, raise your hands, who has grandparents in the village?
Are there many people like Sergei in the village now?
Is this problem urgent today?
Unfortunately, Sergei did not have to rejoice for long. As we already know, trouble happened to the horses. The stable caught fire. Why? Who or what caused the fire?
Why does the story end with ellipsis?
The ending of the story is probably seen differently by each of you. What do you think it depends on?
(As you work with the text, the works are attached to the board by the teacher, but they are not commented on in any way, the words - LIVING, SOUL, CELEBRATED, INDIFFERENT)
Write down the data on the word board. Words are arranged as follows:
LIVE
SOUL
Heartless
INDIFFERENCE
Draw a line between the words you would like to separate.
How do these words resonate with the topic of the lesson and the epigraph to it?
Can we say about Sergei that he is a "yesterday" man?
- Summing up the results of the lesson, assigning marks.
- Homework.
Write a miniature essay on the theme "If the soul cries ..."
K. Paustovsky created the fairy tale "Warm Bread" in 1954. Only 9 years have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic War, therefore, military motives were realized in the work. For the first time, "Warm Bread" was published in children's magazine"Murzilka", and 19 years after writing the fairy tale, a short cartoon of the same name appeared.
In the work, one can single out a narrow theme - a great grief caused by Filkin's act and a wide one - good and evil. K. Paustovsky shows that any unfair, cruel act is punishable. At the same time, the writer argues that a mistake can always be corrected if you want to; a person who wants to atone for his guilt needs to be given a chance.
The plot of the fairy tale "Warm Bread" is revealed sequentially. From the very first lines one can guess that the events described in the work took place in wartime. The plot is closely intertwined with the real and the fantastic.
In the exposition K. Paustovsky tells about the wounded horse, acquaints the reader with the mysterious miller Pankrat and Filka. The plot is an episode in which Filka offends a horse. Development of events - a story about how a blizzard and severe frosts descended on Berezhki, Filka's conversation with his grandmother, a story about how a boy corrects his stupid mistake. The culmination of the piece is far from the denouement. Most of all, the reader is worried when, together with Filka, he learns that people may die. The denouement - a warm wind helps people break through the ice, women bake bread, and Filka puts up with a horse.
To reveal the topic and develop the plot, the writer created original system images. The main characters are the old miller Pankrat, the minor ones are the horse, the grandmother, the magpie, the guys and old people who were breaking through the ice. Nature can be considered a separate way, since it affects the life of people, has its own character. The author focuses on the behavior of the characters, their appearance is described schematically. The laconic characteristics emphasize the details that play important role in the implementation of the idea.
Filka's image is dynamic, because by his example the author shows how a person can change if he wants to. At the beginning of the work, we have in front of us a rude boy who is hard to find mutual language with others, in the end he becomes responsible, kind and friendly. Miller Pankrat and Granny Filki - Incarnation folk wisdom... Using Pankrat as an example, the writer also shows that appearances can be deceiving. The images of the horse and nature help the author to reveal the plot.
In the fairy tale "Warm Bread", an important role is played by artistic means... With the help of epithets, metaphors, comparisons, portraits and landscape sketches were created: "an angry old man", "Filka was silent, mistrustful", "piercing wind", "by night the sky turned green like ice", "from the cooling of the heart." However, the text is not replete with tropes, which brings it closer to folklore.
"Warm Bread" by K. Paustovsky is an original interpretation of the eternal theme of good and evil, impressing the reader with its plot and images.
"Warm bread" is very little like a fairy tale, because both the village of Berezhki and the main character- the boy Filka, and the wise old miller Pankrat could actually exist. And the terrible snowstorm and bitter frost, caused by Filka's rude and thoughtless act, could not have turned out to be an ordinary coincidence. Ordinary - but not quite.
About what in question in this strange tale? The old miller Pankrat cured a war horse wounded in the leg, which was left in the village by the passing cavalry. The horse, in turn, patiently helped the miller clean the dam - it was winter outside, people were running out of flour, so the mill had to be repaired as soon as possible.
Filkina's grandmother told the hushed and scared boy that the same bitter frost fell on the tree a hundred years ago, when an evil man undeservedly and bitterly offended an old crippled soldier. The land after that frost turned into a desert for ten years - the gardens did not bloom, the forests dried up, the animals and birds hid and scattered. And the wicked person died "from the cooling of the heart."
Filka's heart ached from the consciousness of his guilt, the boy realized that only he could correct the mistake he had made, but he did not know how. Grandmother was convinced that Pankrat should know about this, because "he is a cunning old man, a scientist."
At night, not afraid of the crackling frost, Fil-ka ran to the miller, and he advised him to "invent salvation from the cold." Then the guilt before the horse, and before the people will be smoothed out, and Filka will again become a "pure man." The boy thought, thought and came up with the next morning to gather the guys from all over the village with axes and crowbars in order to chop the ice on the river near the mill until water appears. And so they did. At dawn, people from all over the village gathered to help the guys, Filka apologized to them as best he could, and everyone set to work. Soon it got warmer, things began to move faster, and people got to the water. The wheel of the mill turned, the women brought dumb grain, and hot flour poured out from under the millstone. Everyone was happy, and Filka was the most. But he still had one more thing to do, deep in his heart was a splinter of guilt in front of an undeservedly offended horse. Material from the site
All over the village that evening they baked fragrant sweet bread with a ruddy crust. The next morning Filka took a loaf of warm bread, grabbed friends for support and went to the horse to make up. He broke a loaf of bread, salted a chunk and handed it to the horse. But the horse, remembering the unfair words, did not take bread and backed away. Filka was afraid that the horse would not forgive him, and wept. The kind Pankrat calmed the horse and explained that "the boy Filka is not an evil person." So a solemn truce was concluded, the horse ate the bread, and the forgiven boy was happy.
It seems to me that Paustovsky was able to tell a lot about the relationship between people, about their responsibility for their words and actions. Everything in the world is interconnected, and the consequences of Filkin's actions at the beginning of the tale had to be corrected, attracting people from the entire village to help. The story teaches us to be kind, sympathetic and not afraid to ask for forgiveness for wrongs caused to others.
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The work "Warm Bread" was written by Konstantin Paustovsky in 1954, when the war ended 9 years ago. This amazing story, where good is opposed to evil, really liked the young readers, and adults, of course, too. The famous magazine "Murzilka" published the work, and after almost twenty years, viewers could enjoy the short animated film based on the fairy tale. Analysis of the work "Warm Bread" will also be useful for you if you plan to write an essay in grade 5 on this topic.
What is the short story "Warm Bread" about?
First, we will briefly discuss what topic Konstantin Paustovsky raises and what prompts the readers to think about, then we will consider the plot and the main characters, we will also see how Filka offends the horse. The story "Warm Bread" reveals the theme of love and generosity, at the same time, attention is drawn to an indifferent person. Is it possible to eliminate the consequences of the evil inflicted, show mercy and forgive from the heart? The events of the present and the past are linked by a single thread, the author writes about people and animals, about guilt and atonement.
Analysis of the story "Warm Bread" would be incomplete without considering the plot. Paustovsky draws a simple village during the war. Food is sorely lacking, the peasants have a hard life, they have to work a lot, not sparing themselves. The old miller Pankrat had a chance to shelter a crippled animal. It was a horse that happened to be in Berezhki, and now it was required to somehow maintain it, but Pankrat did not have enough food anyway.
Heroes of the story "Warm bread"
When preparing an essay for grade 5 based on the story "Warm Bread" by Paustovsky, pay attention to the image of Filka. This is a teenager who lives with his grandmother, and he is very heartless, full of anger, mistrust and callousness. When friends turn to him for help, he refuses them, and he does not like either people or animals.
When his grandmother talks to Filka, he suddenly realizes how cruel he acted, and what the consequences may now be. On reflection, he finds the most the best way out out of the position, and admits his mistake. Now we see this character from a different perspective: he is hardworking, quick-witted, organized and ready to correct the consequences of his rash actions for the benefit of others. Filka can already be trusted.
However, analysis of the story "Warm Bread" also shows the image of another character, which we have already mentioned. This is the old miller Pankrat. His image is mysterious, because he not only cured the horse, but also showed amazing qualities. When Filka goes to redeem his guilt, Pankrat does not interfere with him, and does not hold any grudge against him, realizing that each person has his own positive traits, and you need to believe in a person.
Other analysis details
The events in the story "Warm Bread" strictly follow one another, Paustovsky, as it were, leads the reader, gradually revealing the characters of the heroes, and shows what moves them. Of course, the story contains fabulous motives that are skillfully intertwined with real events. Thus, a single composition is created. It is interesting that with the help of outdated turns of speech and folklore expressions, the narrative takes on special colors and looks very peculiar.
Be sure to emphasize the essence of the author's idea in the analysis "Warm Bread". A person is painted with spiritual generosity, compassion and responsiveness. When a person acts kindly, kindness returns to him, and an indifferent attitude towards others entails troubles and evil. In addition, if you recognize your mistake in time and are ready to correct yourself, this will surely change the situation and find a response in the hearts of those around you.
We hope that the analysis of the story "Warm Bread" will be useful to you. We examined the summary of the work, the image of the main characters and the author's thought, which he wanted to convey to the readers. If you write an essay on the story "Warm bread" by Paustovsky, be sure to include these thoughts.
There are many stories that talk about how to live correctly, what actions to avoid, what to truly appreciate. Usually the author tells about these difficult truths in the form of an instructive story. Paustovsky is a recognized master of a small short story. In his writings, there is always a motive of high civic intentions and loyalty to his duty. In addition, in his creations, a living story is combined with a heartfelt description of nature. Warm Bread is a wonderful example of the writer's artistic skill. We will talk about this work in this article.
Instructive story
During his life, Konstantin Paustovsky composed many outstanding works. "Warm Bread" is a story for children in which the author teaches young readers not to commit evil deeds and never offend defenseless people and animals. This work is more like a fairy tale, even a parable, where the Christian commandments about warmth and love for one's neighbor are conveyed to children in a simple and accessible form.
Title of the work
Konstantin Paustovsky gave a meaningful title to his story. "Warm bread" is a symbol vitality and spiritual generosity. Bread in Russia was given to the peasants by hard work, therefore, the attitude towards it was careful, reverent. And fresh baked goods have been the best treat on the table in every home for many years. The aroma of bread in Paustovsky's story possesses miraculous power, it makes people kinder and cleaner.
The beginning of the piece
Paustovsky begins his story with a short introduction. "Warm Bread" tells that once, during the war, a military cavalry detachment marched through the village of Berezhki. At this time, a shell exploded on the outskirts and wounded the black horse in the leg. The animal could not go further, and the old miller Pankrat took him to him. He was always gloomy, but very quick to work, a man whom the local children secretly considered a sorcerer. The old man cured the horse and began to carry on it everything that was necessary to equip the mill.
Further, Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" tells that the time described in the work was very difficult for ordinary people... Many did not have enough food, so Pankrat could not feed the horse alone. Then the animal began to walk around the yards and ask for food. They brought him stale bread, beet tops, even carrots, because they believed that the horse was "public" and suffered for a just cause.
Boy Filka
In his work, Konstantin Paustovsky described the changes that occurred under the influence of circumstances in the soul of a child. "Warm Bread" is a story about a boy named Filka. He lived with his grandmother in the village of Berezhki and was rude and distrustful. The hero answered all reproaches with the same phrase: "Come on!" Once Filka was sitting at home alone and eating delicious bread sprinkled with salt. At this time, a horse entered the yard and asked for food. The boy hit the animal on the lips and threw the bread into the loose snow with the words: "You can't get enough food for you, Christoradniki!"
These evil words were the signal for the start of extraordinary events. A tear rolled down from the horse's eyes, he whinnied resentfully, waved his tail, and at that moment a fierce frost fell on the village. Throwing up snow immediately powdered Filka's throat. He rushed into the house and locked the door behind him with his favorite saying: "Come on!" However, he listened to the noise outside the window and realized that the blizzard was whistling exactly like the tail of an angry horse beating itself on the sides.
Bitter cold
Paustovsky describes amazing cases in his story. "Warm Bread" tells about the fierce cold that fell to the ground after Filkin's rude words. The winter that year was warm, the water near the mill did not freeze, and then such a frost struck that all the wells in Berezhki froze to the very bottom, and the river was covered with a thick crust of ice. Now all the people in the village were waiting for the inevitable death of starvation, because Pankrat could not grind flour in his mill.
Old legend
Further, Konstantin Paustovsky tells about the old legend. "Warm bread" through the mouth of old Filka's grandmother describes the events that happened in the village a hundred years ago. Then the crippled soldier knocked on the door of a wealthy peasant and asked for food. The sleepy and angry owner threw a piece of stale bread on the floor in response and ordered the veteran to pick up the thrown "treat" himself. The soldier picked up the bread and saw that it was completely covered with green mold, and it was impossible to eat it. Then offended person went out into the yard, whistled, and an icy cold fell on the ground, and the greedy peasant died "from the cooling of his heart."
Awareness of the deed
An instructive parable was invented by Paustovsky. "Warm Bread" describes a terrible confusion that occurred in the soul of a frightened boy. He realized his mistake and asked his grandmother if he and the rest of the people had any hope of salvation. The old woman replied that everything would be all right if the person who had done evil repented. The boy realized that he needed to make peace with the offended horse, and at night, when his grandmother fell asleep, he ran to the miller.
The path to repentance
"Filka's path was not easy," writes Paustovsky. The writer tells that the boy had to overcome a fierce cold, such that even the air seemed frozen, and he could not breathe. At the miller's house, Filka could no longer run and only waddled heavily over the snowdrifts. Sensing the boy, a wounded horse neighed in the barn. Filka got scared, sat down, but then Pankrat opened the door, saw the child, dragged him by the collar into the hut and put him by the stove. With tears, Filka told the miller everything. He called the boy "a senseless citizen" and told him to come up with a way out of this situation in an hour and a quarter.
Invented way
Then Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich plunges his hero into deep reflections. In the end, the boy decided in the morning to gather all the village children on the river and start chopping ice with them near the mill. Then water will flow, the ring can be turned, the device warms up and starts grinding flour. Thus, flour and water will again appear in the village. The miller doubted that the guys would want to pay for Filkin's nonsense with their hump, but promised that he would talk to the local old people so that they would go out on the ice.
Getting rid of the cold
K.G. Paustovsky draws a wonderful picture of joint labor in his work (the stories of this author are especially expressive). It tells how all the children and old people went out to the river and began to chop the ice. Bonfires blazed around, axes rattled, and with universal efforts people defeated the cold. True, a warm summer wind, which suddenly blew from the south, also helped. The talkative magpie, who heard the conversation between Filka and the miller, and then flew away in an unknown direction, bowed to everyone and told that it was she who managed to save the village. She seemed to have flown into the mountains, found a warm wind there, woke him up and brought him with her. However, no one, except for the crows, understood the magpie, therefore, its merits remained unknown to people.
Reconciliation with a horse
Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" is a wonderful example of prose for children. In it, the writer told about how the little rude man learned to do good deeds and watch his words. After the water reappeared on the river, the ring of the mill turned, and freshly ground flour flowed into the sacks. From it, the women kneaded a sweet, tight dough and baked fragrant bread from it. The smell of ruddy pastries with cabbage leaves burnt to the bottom was such that even the foxes crawled out of their holes in the hope of eating them. And the guilty Filka, together with the guys, came to Pankrat to put up with the wounded horse. He was holding a loaf in his hands fresh bread, and the tiny boy Nikolka carried after him a large wooden container of salt. At first, the horse backed away and did not want to accept the gift, but Filka cried so desperately that the animal had mercy and took the fragrant bread from the boy's hands. When the wounded horse had eaten, he put his head on Filka's shoulder and closed his eyes in pleasure and satiety. Peace was restored and spring returned to the village.
Bread symbol
Paustovsky called "Warm bread" one of his favorite compositions. The genre of the work can be defined as a parable about basic Christian values. The symbol of bread plays a key role in it. If black human ingratitude can be compared with a stale crust of moldy bread, then kindness and spiritual generosity - with a sweet and fresh loaf. The boy who carelessly threw the cut piece into the snow had done a very bad deed. He not only offended the wounded horse, but also neglected the product created by hard work. For this, Filka was punished. Only the threat of starvation helped him understand that even a stale piece of bread should be treated with respect.
Collective responsibility
Schoolchildren study the story "Warm Bread" (Paustovsky) in the fifth grade. Analyzing this work, children often wonder why the whole village had to answer for the bad deed of one boy. The answer lies in the story itself. The fact is that Filka suffered from extreme egocentrism and did not notice anyone around. He was unkind to his grandmother and disdainful to friends. And only the threat hanging over all the inhabitants of the village helped the boy feel responsible for the fate of other people. When the guys came to the aid of the gloomy and mistrustful Filka, they melted not only the river, but also his icy heart. Therefore, the summer wind blew over the Berezhki even before the boy made peace with the horse.
The role of nature in the work
In the story "Warm Bread" (Paustovsky), the analysis of which is presented in this article, the mighty forces of nature play an important role. At the very beginning of the work, it is said that the winter in the village was warm, the snow melted before reaching the ground, and the river near the mill did not freeze. Warm weather remained in Berezhki as long as they fed and pitied the wounded horse. However, Filka's harsh words and bad behavior aroused great anger in nature. Instantly, a fierce cold came, which bound the river and deprived people of hope for food. The boy had to overcome first the cold in his soul, then the cold outside in order to atone for his guilt. And only when people all went out on the ice to save the village, a fresh summer breeze blew as a symbol of Filka's spiritual rebirth.
The power of a word
K.G. Paustovsky was a real Christian. The writer's stories are imbued with kindness and love for people. In the work "Warm Bread" he showed how important it is to follow not only your actions, but also your words. Filka's cruel phrase, which rang in the air, made everything around him freeze, because the boy, without realizing it, had committed a terrible evil. After all, it is from human callousness and indifference that the most serious crimes arise, which, with a different attitude, could have been prevented. Filka did not need words to apologize to the offended horse, he actually proved that he had repented of his own act. And the boy's sincere tears finally atoned for his guilt - now he will never dare to be cruel and indifferent.
Real and fabulous
Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich skillfully combined fabulous and real motives in his creations. For example, in "Warm Bread" there are ordinary heroes: Pankrat, Filka, his grandmother, the rest of the village. And invented: magpie, the forces of nature. The events that take place in the work can also be divided into real and fabulous. For example, the fact that Filka offended the horse, asked Pankrat about how to fix what he had done, broke the ice on the river with the guys and made peace with the animal, there is nothing unusual. But the magpie, which brings with it the summer wind, and the cold that has befallen the village at the call of an angry horse, are clearly out of bounds. ordinary life... All events in the work are organically intertwined with each other, creating a single picture. Thanks to this, "Warm Bread" can be called both a fairy tale and an instructive story at the same time.
Old words
Folklore motives are actively used in his work by Paustovsky. "Warm bread", the content of which is full of old words and expressions, confirms this. The meaning of many archaisms is not familiar to modern children. For example, people who beg for alms were called Christians in Russia. This word was never considered offensive, everyone gave to those in need as much as he could. However, in the story it takes on a negative connotation, because Filka offended the wounded horse, actually calling him a beggar.
Other archaisms are often used in the story: "cap", "battle", "faded", "noshkodil", "treukh", "yar", "osokori" and others. They give the work a special flavor, bring it closer to folk fairy-tale motives.
Sin and repentance
You must be held accountable for bad deeds. Paustovsky speaks about this in his story. "Warm bread", the heroes of which were able to defeat the cold, testifies that they coped with the cold that reigned in the soul little boy... At first, Filka was simply frightened, but did not realize the depth of his guilt. The boy's grandmother probably guessed what had happened, but did not scold him, but told him instructive tale, because the child himself had to realize his mistake. Pankrat taught Filka one more lesson - he made him think of a way out of this situation on his own. Only by sincere repentance and hard work did the boy manage to win forgiveness. higher powers... Good again defeated evil, and the thawed soul of the child warmed the crust of fresh bread with its warmth.
Conclusion
World literature knows many stories with a fascinating plot and an instructive end. One of them was invented by Paustovsky ("Warm bread"). Reviews about this work indicate that Konstantin Georgievich managed to touch the hearts of his little readers and convey to them important concepts of mercy, love for one's neighbor and responsibility. In an accessible form, the writer described the consequences that rash actions and offensive words can lead to. After all, the main character of the story did not want to harm anyone, but he made a serious mistake. At the very end of the story, it is said that Filka is not an evil boy, and sincerely regrets his deed. And the ability to admit your mistakes and be responsible for them is one of the most important human qualities.
