Class: 4

Presentation for the lesson

Back forward

Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested this work please download the full version.

Target:

• To acquaint students with the work of A.P. Chekhov “Vanka”.
• To develop the skill of conscious and expressive reading.
• Learn to analyze the text on questions, express your own thoughts, reason.
• Develop observation, oral speech, attention.
• Learn to observe the word of the author, the author's position.
• Cultivate moral qualities, a culture of communication.

Equipment: projector, presentation, book exhibition by A.P. Chekhov, explanatory dictionaries.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

2. Checking homework.

Summing up the results of the drawing competition based on the work of A.P. Chekhov “Steppe”.

Find an error in the plan. Arrange everything correctly, in accordance with the plot of the story.

3. Chekhov's work "Vanka".

1. Introduction.

Guys, open your textbooks on page 77 and tell me, what work are we going to get acquainted with today? (slide 1)

Yes, this is the work of A.P. Chekhov “Vanka”. (slide 2)

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a Russian writer known all over the world.

Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy called Anton Pavlovich Chekhov "The incomparable artist of life", and we will see this in the lesson. His stories about children are unsurpassed masterpieces of Russian literature. Everything about them is true. A.P. Chekhov dearly loved children. In his relations with them there was a lot of warmth, sincere gaiety and funny play. He willingly talked with the children for a long time, wrote them playful letters, drew entertaining pictures, and showed great attention to children's reading.

Chekhov has no special, “children's” works. He said: “I can’t write for children at all.” But Chekhov's works are understandable to children because the writer knew life well and was able to tell about it in a fascinating way. Let's remember what works of the great writer you already know?

(slides 3-4)

2. Preparation for the perception of the text.

What can you say about the life of children?

But can all children sleep peacefully, do they all have a happy childhood?

Knowing another childhood, difficult, devoid of everything that a child needs, Chekhov writes about him in his work “Vanka”.

Who is Vanka? Vanka is your age, who lived in the 19th century, a little over 100 years ago. In those days, it also happened that poverty, hopelessness forced the parents of their children to be sent to work as nannies, shepherds, in the service of rich gentlemen. Very often, children were sent to the city, to be apprenticed to a craftsman, so that they could master some kind of craft. But the owners of craft workshops usually forced other people's children to do various hard work: carry water, prepare firewood, wash floors, nurse the master's children. Was it there before teaching? But no matter how sorry the mother was to give her child to someone else's house, they had to do this in order to survive. In spite of everything, the parents of such children believed that it was better to be far from home, even if it was hard for the child, but still he would be fed, learn something, earn a little. And if the child was an orphan, then his life was especially difficult, because no one could stand up for him.

And here is Moscow of the 19th century. The peasant boy is your age, brought from the village to the big city. Look at the world through the eyes of the heroes of the story of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and try to penetrate into the life of the “big” and the life of the “small”, to see the differences and disunity of these two worlds.
Let's fast forward to that distant time, imagine winter snowy Moscow, night, in a hut by a candle, a boy sits on his knees in front of a bench and writes something ...

3. Primary perception of the text. Read aloud by the teacher or pre-prepared students.

Discuss with students the first impression of the story they heard.

What are your impressions of the book you have read? (Children's statements)

What touched you while reading this story?

4. Vocabulary work.

There are words in the text, the meanings of which may not be clear to everyone, including obsolete words - i.e. words that are now out of common use.

Try to explain their meaning. You can use a dictionary for this.

Each group looks up the meanings of words in explanatory dictionaries.

• 1 group - matins, block, spandex;
• group 2 - kliros, dragging, sheepskin coat;
• group 3 - image, glacier, maid;
• Group 4 - shepherd, coachman, coachman.

(slides 8-9)

Matins - early church service on holiday; block- a piece of wood in the shape of the lower leg to the ankle, used when sewing shoes; spandrels- a special shoe belt, a whip.

Kliros - a place for singers in the church in front of the iconostasis; dragging- punishment; sheepskin coat- long fur coat.

Image - icon ; glacier- a cellar, a cold place for storing food; housemaid- a worker who serves in a rich house, cleaning the rooms.

Shepherd - a boy helping a shepherd; coachman- a worker who rules horses; coachman - coachman).

5. Reading "to yourself."

6. Work on content (selection of compositional parts, selective reading, performance of tasks for the text).

Read how Vanka is going to write a letter.

How did he feel while living there? (fear, nervousness, loneliness).

What words convey this to us? (“... he glanced fearfully at the doors and windows several times, glanced sideways at the dark image ... sighed intermittently”).

Vanka lives in constant fear of his masters. And the author, with every movement of Vanka, shows his fear, precaution, persecution, nervousness, loneliness.

Why did Chekhov call the story "Vanka" and not "Vanya"? (to ordinary people in those days they were treated so disrespectfully to emphasize their powerless position and their dominance over them).

To whom did Vanka write a letter? Read the first sentence of his letter? What does he call his grandfather? Read the description of Konstantin Makarovich to yourself and make an oral report about him using the necessary words:

“tall, thin, small, gloomy, with a laughing face, hard, good-natured, cheerful, quiet, modest, joker, shoemaker, watchman, smokes a pipe, sniffs tobacco.”

Which of these words fit the verbal portrait of grandfather?

And how does the writer talk about the dogs of Konstantin Makarovich? Read.

What feelings does this passage evoke in you?

(slide 11-12)

What did life in the village look like to Vanka in his memories? Why?

Find and read the description of the night village.

The image of the village is beautiful, how beautiful and tempting is the boy's thought of returning home.

Can we oppose the description of this landscape to the dark shoemaker's workshop?

As Vanka recalls his past life with your mother and grandfather?

Find an excerpt about how Vanka and his grandfather chose a Christmas tree.

What mood does this passage convey?

What does the story say about the young lady Olga Ignatievna?

Does she look like the city masters of Vanka?

Does Chekhov condemn the young lady Olga Ignatievna?

(“... I learned from nothing to do ...”)

How has Vanka's life changed since his mother's death?

What is human cuisine? (kitchen where food was prepared for the servants)

How do you understand the expression "Vanka got rid of"?

What is the difference in the meaning of the words "sent" and "sent off"?

(They escorted - escorted out, forced to leave. That is, he became a burden, superfluous, unnecessary.)

Chekhov is a master of words, he knows how to create a characterization of a person with the help of a word, a short phrase.

There is one most interesting trick that Chekhov uses. By the way different people relate to the child, the writer, in essence, tells about the person himself: is he good or evil, is he greedy, is he capable of compassion.

Find in the text how the city owners of Vanka are characterized.

Why was Vanka scolded?

How is Vanka fed?

Does Vanka sleep at night?

How do the apprentices treat him?

(Heartless, rude, evil, soullessly stupid apprentices)

No one doubts that Vanka's masters, apprentices, are cruel, indifferent people.

On the eve of what holiday does Vanka write a letter? (Christmas)

Is it by chance that Vanka writes a letter on Christmas Eve? (Vanka's dream is a kind of Christmas fairy tale, which is not destined to come true.)

How does Vanka talk about Moscow? What struck him?

Are his observations about Moscow interesting? Read. Vanka makes very valuable and important remarks about Moscow, which only a very attentive and observant boy can do, moreover, a boy who is interested in many things, who knows how to compare life in the city with life in the countryside. He is also interested in what animals are in Moscow and what are not, and what character Moscow dogs have, and what is sold in stores, and how a village church differs from a city one, etc.

7. Characteristics of the main character.

Let's characterize the main character, make a verbal portrait of Vanka Zhukov.

(children's statements)

How the letter is written: does Vanka follow the rules of politeness? Read.

Despite the extremely difficult situation in which Vanka is, he writes a letter according to all the rules: he begins with a polite address, then congratulates his grandfather on Christmas and wishes him all the best, and only after that he begins to complain. At the end of the letter, he sends his regards to all his acquaintances. This is the culture of communication.

The boy's talent is amazing, the richness of his imagination, his powers of observation, his memory, which contained all the impressions of childhood.

The boy is quick-witted, active and resourceful, although Vanka's life in the city is very difficult, he does not lose his keen interest in life.

What speech does Vanka have?

When Vanka talks about his hopeless life in the teachings of a shoemaker, “eyy”, “mug”, “muzzle”, “crack” appear. Rough life gives rise to appropriate words. And memories of life at home, in the village, are associated with beauty. And the words in which the pictures of memories are clothed are bright, figurative, bright.

How does Chekhov feel about his hero? With what feeling does he write about Vanka? The writer clearly admires them.

How do you feel about Vanka?

Imagine that you can meet Vanka. What would you say to him?

How did Vanka sign the envelope? What address did he give?

Do you think grandfather will receive this letter?

The absence of an exact address on the envelope is due to the fact that Vanka has lived most of his life in a village where everyone is known by their first and middle names, where you do not need to indicate the exact address in order to deliver a note or a letter. It never even crossed Vanka's mind that, besides his native village, Moscow was surrounded by hundreds of other villages, that his letter had no chance of reaching the addressee.

What phrase from this story became winged? (“to the grandfather’s village”, i.e. no one knows where)

Humanity and justice illuminate the hopes of the nine-year-old Vanka Zhukov to return to the village. This is not at all an egoistic dream of improving only one's own lot, this is the movement of a morally pure and kind soul.

3. Summing up. Homework.

This little literary masterpiece reaches the heights of tragedy. The bitter orphan fate of the boy is perceived in a broader sense. "Vanka", like many of Chekhov's works, is about loneliness, about how difficult it is to be understood, about the impossibility of foreseeing the suffering of another person, about the opposition of two worlds: adults and children, about indifference, cruelty, callousness of the adult world.

Homework: Exercises in expressive reading of the episodes “Vanka”, “How Vanka is going to write a letter” “Letter”, “Description of Moscow”, “Grandfather”, “Description of a frosty night in the village”, “Grandfather cuts the Christmas tree”, “Christmas tree in the manor house”, "Vanka's Promises", "Vyun the Dog".

Lesson topic: Description of the hero. A.P. Chekhov "Vanka"

Lesson Objectives:

Acquaintance with the work of A.P. Chekhov, with the features of the work "Vanka";

Lesson objectives :

to form the skills of conscious, correct, expressive, fluent reading;

to increase the level of students' perception of a literary work;

to acquaint with biographical information about the author of the studied work;

develop critical thinking, coherent oral and written speech, creative imagination, visual memory;

to cultivate a culture of mental work, the ability to listen and respect the opinion of their comrades, to evaluate their own activities.

Lesson type: learning lesson.

Lesson equipment: L.A. Efrosinina. " Literary reading. Grade 3", L.A. Efrosinina. Workbook"Literary reading. Grade 3" (part 1),multimedia projector,portrait of A.P. Chekhov; task cards, a balloon with wishes,

Planned results

Subject: formation of the required level of reading competence; mastering the technique of reading; reading and listening comprehension techniques; learn to read expressively, draw up a brief retelling plan, solve educational and practical problems; formation of the required level of reading competence;

Metasubject: PUUD mastering the algorithms of the main educational activities for the analysis and interpretation of works of art; learning how to find the right information when reading a storyA.P. Chekhov "Vanka";RUUD to rely on the action guidelines identified by the teacher, plan their activities, master the algorithms of the main educational actions for the analysis and interpretation of the stories they listened to; KUUD to express thoughts accurately, clearly and simply, to be aware of the goals and situations of communication; mastering the basics of communicative activity.

Personal : Motivate their actions; adequately perceive the assessment of the teacher and classmates; express interest in learning new things; acquaintance with universal values; perception literary works as a special kind of art; expressing one's point of view respecting the opinion of the interlocutor.

During the classes

Organizing time.

Psychological preparation of students for communication.

There are guests at our lesson, let's greet the guests!

Let's put aside the worries and failures.
Without giving up, let's get down to business,
And in this lesson we again
We'll all work for five.

Let's smile, to each other, so that everyone becomes warmer on this cold winter day! May this lesson bring us the joy of fellowship and fill our hearts with good feelings.

Updating of basic knowledge.

Guys, today I brought you a magic chest with secrets.

(In the chest there is an inkwell, a fountain pen, a letter in an envelope)

What have you been doing main character with these items?

The teacher takes out an envelope with a letter from the chest.

We also tried to write with such pens. Do you remember where and when?

- - So, what section are we studying?

(- We study the section "In the school of life").

What piece did we meet in the last lesson?

(-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov "Vanka").

What biographical data from the life of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov do you remember?

(Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860-1904) was born in the city of Taganrog. There he studied at the gymnasium, worked in his father's shop, and in his spare time sang in the church choir. The father of the family went bankrupt and the family left for Moscow. In Moscow, the Chekhov family has been living in severe poverty for a long time, almost three years. Anton earns his living by tutoring. In 1879 he entered the medical faculty of Moscow University. After graduating from a university course with the rank of a county doctor, the writer began medicinal activity and until the end of his life believed that medicine was his main business and vocation. The large Chekhov family existed on funds received from literary work and from Chekhov's medical practice.

It was 1886, Chekhov A.P. lived at a time when it was impossible to talk openly about the hard life of children in apprenticeships. Chekhov was a caring person, had a sensitive heart, being a doctor by education, he treated poor people for free, built 3 schools in villages near Moscow for the poor at his own expense, made a very dangerous and difficult trip to Sakhalin to treat and make life a little easier for the exiles.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov played a big role in the development of children's literature, although he believed that ". . . I can't write for children at all. . . one should not write for children, but be able to choose from what has already been written for adults, i.e. from real works of art.

What is the name of the story?

What literary genre does it belong to?

(- This is a story, because the author describes one episode from the life of the hero).

So, remember all the signs of the story.

(- Signs of a story: narrative, small volume, a small number of heroes, a description of one episode from the life of a hero.)

Who is the main character of the story?

(9-year-old orphan boy, Vanka Zhukov, apprenticed to a shoemaker).

What episode from his life is the story about?

(- The story is about how he writes a letter to his grandfather in the village).

Goal setting.

So, in the last lesson, we got acquainted with the text of the work. Who guessed what we will do in today's lesson?

(- We will re-read the story.- We will analyze it).

- Today in the lesson we will notice, observe, reflect and draw conclusions.
- Today we will continue our acquaintance with the story of A.P. Chekhov “Vanka”.

- Let's look at the world through the eyes of the heroes of the story of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and try to penetrate into the world of "big" and the world of "small", to see the differences and disunity of these two worlds.

1. Vocabulary and spelling work. (work in pairs)

Refinement and enrichment vocabulary students based on the text of the work.

There are many unfamiliar words in the text. During the initial reading of the story, we explained them with the help of a dictionary. lexical meaning. Let's work in pairs and remember their meaning.

On the desks you have leaflets in which in the 1st column there are words, and in the 2nd column their explanation. You, working in pairs, connect the words and their lexical meaning correctly.

shepherd boy

large sheepskin coat

flog like a goat

not to be trusted

coachman

boy helping the shepherd

sheepskin coat

post horse driver

pads

shop assistants

do not use credit

beat mercilessly

inmates

foot-shaped pieces of wood

(Students work.)

Now, let's check. (Check frontal).

What does the abundance of old words in this story say?

(- A.P. Chekhov describes life in the past, then these words were used.)

(More fully show the tragedy real life that time).

5. Work on the ability to navigate the read text. Selective reading.

And now check yourself how you are guided in the text.

Let's do some reading.

a).- Find a description of Vanka. How does the author introduce us to him?

Find a description of the city where Vanka now lives.

(Read the descriptionMoscow 19th century .)

What kind historical facts what do we learn from this passage?

(Moscow in the 19th century was a big city, the houses were very solid, as Vanka puts it “masterly”, one could see many horses on the streets, many shops called shops, dogs ran through the streets). (slide 5 opens )

b). Find a passage that tells us aboutlike before delivered letters ?

(An excerpt about coachmen is read.)

(So ​​that we can better imagine the time in which the main character of the story lived.)

in). Read an excerpt about where and how Vanka used to live.

What have we learned?

(What Vanka and in the village did not have his own house, that my mother lived in a manor house, working as a servant. Whatrich people didn't work , after all, the young lady taught Vanka to read and write only out of boredom.)

Stage output :

Now you understand how important it is to be able to navigate the text. How should one read a work in order to navigate it well?

Sometimes you need to go back to what you read. Even adults do it.

Game "Logic chains"

Vanka took out a vial of ink from the master's cupboard, a pen with a rusty nib...

Vanka vividly imagined his grandfather Konstantin Makarych serving as a night watchman ...

Vanka sighed, dipped his pen and continued to write: “Yesterday I was scolded.”

And Moscow is a big city. The houses are all master's and there are many horses, but there are no sheep and the dogs are not evil.

It was fun time! And grandfather grunted, and frost grunted, and looking at them, Vanka grunted.

The young lady Olga Ignatievna, Vanka's favorite, was the one who busiest

Vanka folded the sheet of paper he had written in four and put it in an envelope bought the day before for a penny.

Lulled by sweet hopes, an hour later he was sound asleep ...

Representatives from each group come out and hang out cards.

According to these sentences, the children make a short plan of retelling.

Drafting short plan retelling.

Beginning of a letter to grandfather

Memories of life in the countryside

Continuation of the letter

Vanka's life in the city

Life at the young lady Olga Ignatievna

End of letter

Hope Vanka.

). Dramatization: "Vanka writes a letter."

(Preparation for work on compiling the characteristics of the hero.

Look at the screen, who do you see? What do you find unusual? What does Vanka look like? Does the drawing match the description of Vanka in the story?

What do we learn from the letter? Why did Vanka end up in a strange city, with strangers?

(Mom died, and he was left an orphan without a livelihood.)

What other facts from his life does this letter reveal? (The fact that they don’t teach him, that he works both as a nanny and in the kitchen, he has to serve not only the owners, but also the apprentices, even steal.)

What feeling did you experience when you first heard the text of this letter? (Pity for the boy.)

Why? (They beat the boy with anything: with a spandrels and stocks, pull his hair, mock, humiliate him, he sleeps in a cold hallway, always hungry.

How long has Vanka been living like this? (Three months already).

BUT Why is Vanka writing a letter? (The teacher draws attention to two lives of Vanka “Before and after”.

Stage output :

Is it possible to say that Vanka, apprenticed to a shoemaker, is having a bad time.

He is powerless. They beat Vanka, Vanka is malnourished, lacks sleep, and Vanka gets caught for his own misdeeds (he didn’t peel the herring like that; he fell asleep rocking the master’s baby) and for other people’s sins (apprentices force him to steal cucumbers for them, for which they beat Vanka again). On the other hand, Vanka does not lose his keen interest in life, despite the beatings and the terrible conditions in which he lives. He is observant and quick-witted, he is active and resourceful.

What is the boy's problem?

The boy's problem is lack of rights and boredom. He is not taught a trade, but is used as ancillary workers. Unnecessarily offended. He dreams of escaping from this terrible atmosphere of rudeness and slavery.

What does Vanka's "learning" consist of?

The facts of Vanka's "learning" (that is, how they offend him and mock him).

Can we say that Vanka is developed? What is the reason for this?

Vanka spent part of his childhood in the master's house: while his mother, who served as a maid to the gentlemen, was alive, the gentlemen treated Vanka well, they even taught him to read, write, count, and dance a square dance. After the death of his mother, Vanka's life was worse, but also not bad - in the people's kitchen with his grandfather: Vanka and his grandfather guarded the master's house, and went to the forest in winter to pick up the Christmas tree. And only then the orphan Vanka, in order not to be kept as parasites, was sent to Moscow to be apprenticed to a shoemaker. Thus, Vanka received that development in childhood. It is more developed and less clogged, it has a more developed ability to resist life circumstances.

Would you agree that he is observant and extremely quick-witted?

He is no less impressionable, but more active, nimble and viable. Vanka is extremely observant: this is evidenced by that part of the letter where he tells his grandfather about Moscow - from the words "And Moscow is a big city." The description of the behavior and character of the dogs Vyuna and Kashtanka also speaks of observation. Witness is evidenced both by the very fact of writing and sending a letter to grandfather, and its content - what arguments Vanka gives for grandfather to take him away - Vanka has already come up with a job for himself in the village, and draws optimistic pictures for his grandfather modern life with him, Vanka.

Why did he miss the address so much?

The absence of the exact address on the envelope is due to the fact that Vanka lived most of his life in the village, where everyone knows everyone by name - patronymic, where you do not need to indicate the exact address in order to deliver a note or letter. It never even crossed Vanka's mind that, besides his native village, Moscow was surrounded by hundreds of other villages, that his letter had no chance of reaching the addressee.

What part of Vanka's letter seems to you the most dramatic?

“Yesterday I had a scolding” and “Come, dear grandfather,” Vanka continued, “I pray to you in Christ God.” "I'll grind tobacco for you."

How the letter is written: does Vanka follow the rules of Politeness?

Despite the extremely difficult situation in which Vanka is, he writes a letter according to all the rules: he starts with a polite address, then congratulates his grandfather on Christmas and wishes him all the best, and only after all this begins to complain. At the end of the letter, Vanka sends his regards to his friends. this is the culture of communicating with those who are older, showing respect for them, this is the culture of writing a letter.

Does he describe his life clearly enough?

In describing his unhappy life, Vanka resorts to very expressive and memorable details. (how the hostess poked him in the face with a herring; how the owner beat him with a spatula, how he hit him with a block, how apprentices make him steal cucumbers; how he fell asleep, shaking the cradle with the child; how painfully he wants to eat)

Are his observations about Moscow interesting?

Regarding Moscow, Vanka makes very valuable and important remarks that only a very attentive and observant boy can do, moreover, a boy who is interested in many things, who knows how to compare life in the city with life in the countryside. He is also interested in what animals are in Moscow and what are not, and what character Moscow dogs have, and what is sold in stores, and how a village church differs from a city one, etc.

How is the story built: what parts of different content alternate in it? What parts are presented on behalf of the author? Which ones - on behalf of Vanka?

Chekhov's story is an alternation of the text stated in the third person - on behalf of the author, and the text of Vanka's letter - in the first person. The beginning of the story is on behalf of the author, and the author and Vanka are two completely separate personalities, then in other places, even where there is no direct speech of Vanka's letter, the author's gaze is sometimes replaced by Vanka's.

Is it scary to be in that time?

- Anton Pavlovich Chekhov turned to the problem of childhood with constant interest and attention. He was deeply disturbed by the thought of the disunity of two worlds - the world of "big" and the world of "small". - What is your attitude towards him? - What do you think, does the author sympathize with his hero? Prove it.

(Yes, he sympathizes, but is unable to change the real conditions of the hero's life.)

- Find a phrase from this story that has become winged .(To the village of grandfather - which means - no one knows where)

Listen to a poem about a boy's life. Are the fates of these boys similar?

* * *

The life of an orphan is a cruel lot.

Cracks, beatings, stale bread, water,

Taunts of servants, slave labor

All day and night, until morning.

Still a child, then at heart an old man,

He remembers his past life

Crawling into a corner like a cricket

Praying for the image, yearning.

And his little past is like a miracle

Mom is there, he saw good there,

He learned to read and write and knew dances not badly,

And received gifts at Christmas.

Now half child - half old man

Only on paper pours out his soul.

No matter what torment he endures, he is always silent,

Orphan tears cannot be dried up by hard work.

Endure, hope, be silent and wait

It's a miracle that will ever happen.

Perhaps he will return home,

The end of his suffering will come.

And with a heartbeat, breathing strangely,

Hastily, somehow furtively,

He writes a letter asking for help,

Looking back at the icons guiltily,

Already a letter in his hand

The envelope is signed: “To the village. Grandfather."

The coachman tipsy in his wagon

Ride with him around the world.

And the errand boy wait and wait.

Endure foam, mockery, cuffs and hunger.

Hope will warm the soul

Like a hearth flame in a bitter cold.

- If you were an artist, what colors would you use to describe Vanka's life?

The final stage of the lesson.

So, our lesson is coming to an end, let's answer the main question:

Why did A.P. Chekhov write this work?

(To show the difficult life of children in the past. He seems to be telling us: “Appreciate

your childhood! Appreciate what you have! ").

So what is the main idea of ​​this work?

(- The story makes people not be indifferent, have a sense of compassion and fight for a bright childhood for all children.)

Reflection.

How does the story end? (ellipsis)

Why? (This is the future, and we know that it is sad. Chekhov cannot change the hero's living conditions, return him to the village. Life dictates its own laws.)

Is it a coincidence that Vanka writes a letter on Christmas Eve?

(Of course, not by chance. Vanka's dream to return to the village to his grandfather is a Christmas tale that will not come true.)
- And my opinion is this: I would like all dreams to come true. After all, it is on the bright holiday of the Nativity of Christ that the Christmas star lights up in the sky - the star of the most cherished desires. Miracles happen!

Do you want to help the boy Vanya? You have stars in the envelopes, write on them good wishes and we will send them to Vanya.

(Asterisks are glued to a heart-shaped balloon and the whole class releases a balloon with wishes to the sky) (at recess)

Homework

Prepare short story about Vanka Zhukov according to the plan drawn up or according to the plan given in the textbook on page 173

Vanka Zhukov, a nine-year-old boy who was apprenticed three months ago to the shoemaker Alyakhin, did not go to bed on Christmas Eve. After waiting for the hosts and apprentices to leave for matins, he took out a vial of ink from the master's cupboard, a pen with a rusty nib, and, spreading a crumpled sheet of paper in front of him, began to write. Before he typed out the first letter, he glanced fearfully at the doors and windows several times, squinted at the dark image, on both sides of which stretched shelves with stocks, and sighed raggedly. The paper lay on the bench, and he himself knelt in front of the bench. “Dear grandfather, Konstantin Makarych! he wrote. And I am writing you a letter. I congratulate you on Christmas and wish you everything from the Lord God. I have neither father nor mother, only you left me alone. Vanka turned his eyes to the dark window, in which the reflection of his candle flickered, and vividly imagined his grandfather, Konstantin Makarych, serving as a night watchman for the Zhivarevs. This is a small, skinny, but unusually nimble and agile old man of 65 years old, with an eternally laughing face and drunken eyes. During the day he sleeps in the people's kitchen or jokes with the cooks, but at night, wrapped in a spacious sheepskin coat, he walks around the estate and knocks on his mallet. Behind him, head down, walk the old Kashtanka and the dog Vyun, nicknamed so for his black color and body, long, like a weasel. This Vyun is extraordinarily respectful and affectionate, looks equally touchingly both at his own and at strangers, but does not use credit. Beneath his reverence and humility hides the most Jesuitical malice. No one better than him knows how to sneak up in time and grab a leg, climb into a glacier or steal a chicken from a peasant. His hind legs were beaten off more than once, he was hanged twice, every week he was flogged half to death, but he always came to life. Now, probably, grandfather is standing at the gate, screwing up his eyes at the bright red windows of the village church and, stamping his felt boots, jokes with the servants. His beater is tied to his belt. He clasps his hands, shrugs from the cold, and, giggling like an old man, pinches first the maid, then the cook. - Shall we sniff some tobacco? he says, offering the women his snuffbox. The women sniff and sneeze. Grandfather comes into indescribable delight, bursts into cheerful laughter and shouts: - Pull it off, it's frozen! They give snuff to tobacco and dogs. Kashtanka sneezes, twists her muzzle and, offended, steps aside. The loach, out of respect, does not sneeze and wags its tail. And the weather is great. The air is quiet, transparent and fresh. The night is dark, but you can see the whole village with its white roofs and wisps of smoke coming from the chimneys, trees silvered with frost, snowdrifts. The whole sky is strewn with merrily twinkling stars, and Milky Way looms so clearly, as if it had been washed and rubbed with snow before the holiday ... Vanka sighed, dipped his pen and continued to write: “And yesterday I had a scolding. The owner dragged me by the hair into the yard and combed me with a spade because I rocked their child in the cradle and accidentally fell asleep. And in the week the hostess told me to clean the herring, and I started with the tail, and she took the herring and started poking me in the mug with her snout. The apprentices mock me, send me to a tavern for vodka and tell me to steal cucumbers from the owners, and the owner hits me with whatever hits me. And there is no food. In the morning they give bread, at lunch they give porridge, and in the evening they also give bread, and for tea or cabbage soup, the hosts crack themselves. And they tell me to sleep in the entryway, and when their baby cries, I don’t sleep at all, but rock the cradle. Dear grandfather, do God's mercy, take me home from here, to the village, there is no way for me ... I bow at your feet and I will forever pray to God, take me away from here, otherwise I will die ... " Vanka twisted his mouth, rubbed his eyes with his black fist, and sobbed. “I’ll grind tobacco for you,” he continued, “pray to God, and if anything, then flog me like Sidorov’s goat. And if you think I don’t have a position, then for Christ’s sake I’ll ask the clerk to clean my boots, or instead of Fedka I’ll go to the shepherd. Dear grandfather, there is no way, just one death. I wanted to run to the village on foot, but I don’t have boots, I’m afraid of frost. And when I grow up, I’ll feed you for this very thing and won’t let anyone hurt you, but if you die, I’ll pray for the repose of my soul, just like for mother Pelageya. And Moscow is a big city. The houses are all master's and there are many horses, but there are no sheep and the dogs are not evil. The guys here don’t go with a star and don’t let anyone sing to the kliros, and since I saw in one shop on the window hooks are sold directly with fishing line and for any fish, very worthy, even there is one hook that will hold a pood catfish. And I saw some shops where all sorts of guns are in the manner of masters, so I suppose a hundred rubles each ... But in butcher shops there are black grouse, and grouse, and hares, and in which place they are shot, the inmates do not say about that. Dear grandfather, and when the gentlemen have a Christmas tree with gifts, take me a gilded walnut and hide it in a green chest. Ask the young lady Olga Ignatievna, tell me, for Vanka. Vanka sighed convulsively and again stared at the window. He remembered that his grandfather always went to the forest to get a Christmas tree for the masters and took his grandson with him. It was fun time! And grandfather grunted, and frost grunted, and looking at them, Vanka grunted. It used to happen that, before cutting down the Christmas tree, grandfather smoked a pipe, sniffed tobacco for a long time, chuckled at the cold Vanya ... Young Christmas trees, shrouded in hoarfrost, stood motionless and waited for which of them to die? Out of nowhere, a hare flies like an arrow through the snowdrifts ... Grandfather cannot help but shout: - Hold, hold... hold! Ah, the cheeky devil! The grandfather dragged the felled Christmas tree to the master's house, and there they began to clean it up ... The young lady Olga Ignatievna, Vanka's favorite, was the most busy. When Vanka's mother Pelageya was still alive and served as a maid for the masters, Olga Ignatievna fed Vanka with candy and, having nothing to do, taught him to read, write, count to a hundred and even dance a square dance. When Pelageya died, the orphan Vanka was sent to the people's kitchen to his grandfather, and from the kitchen to Moscow to the shoemaker Alyakhin ... “Come, dear grandfather,” continued Vanka, “I pray to you in Christ God, take me away. Have pity on me, an unfortunate orphan, otherwise everyone beats me and I want to eat passion, but boredom is such that it’s impossible to say, I’m crying all the time. And the other day the owner hit him on the head with a block, so that he fell and forcibly came to himself. Wasting my life worse than a dog everyone ... And I also bow to Alena, the crooked Yegorka and the coachman, but don’t give my harmony to anyone. I remain your grandson Ivan Zhukov, dear grandfather, come.” Vanka folded the sheet of paper he had written in four and put it in an envelope he had bought the day before for a kopeck... After a moment's thought, he dipped his pen and wrote the address:

To the grandfather's village.

Then he scratched himself, thought, and added: "To Konstantin Makarych." Satisfied that he had not been prevented from writing, he put on his hat and, without throwing on his fur coat, ran out into the street in his shirt... The inmates from the butcher's shop, whom he had questioned the day before, told him that letters were dropped into mailboxes, and from the boxes they were transported all over the earth in postal troikas with drunken coachmen and ringing bells. Vanka ran to the first mailbox and thrust the precious letter into the slot... Lulled by sweet hopes, he slept soundly an hour later ... He dreamed of a stove. Grandfather sits on the stove, his bare feet dangling, and reads a letter to the cooks... Vyun walks around the stove and twirls his tail...

This work has entered the public domain. The work was written by an author who died more than seventy years ago and was published during his lifetime or posthumously, but more than seventy years have also passed since publication. It can be freely used by anyone without anyone's consent or permission and without payment of royalties.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a famous Russian writer. His works are currently published in more than 100 languages. His immortal plays are staged in many theaters around the world. To our public, the writer is better known for his short humorous stories. "Horse's surname", "Lady with a dog", "Kashtanka" and many other works familiar to us since childhood were written by A.P. Chekhov. "Vanka" ( summary given in the article) is a story by a famous author, known to us since school. It was written over a hundred years ago and is included in the compulsory curriculum for the study of literature in primary grades in all secondary schools.

Vanka yearns for his grandfather

Vanka Zhukov, a nine-year-old boy, was apprenticed to Moscow to the shoemaker Alyakhin. He is an orphan, of his relatives only grandfather Konstantin Makarych. Three long months have passed since Vanka left the village. The boy is very homesick for his grandfather, remembering every moment spent with him. Vanka likes to imagine what grandfather is doing in the village now. Here is Konstantin Makarych, a nimble little old man with an eternally drunken face and cheerful eyes, chatting with the cooks in the servants' room. He loves it, sneezes. But in the evening he walks around the manor's estate with a mallet - he guards it. He is always accompanied by two dogs: the black Vyun and the old Kashtanka. From the description of Konstantin Makarych, the only native person the main character, Chekhov began his story. “Vanka” (read the summary below) is a story that evokes sympathy for a simple village boy from the first lines of readers.

Vanka's complaints in a letter

Vanka writes a letter to his grandfather, in which he describes all the hardships of his life with strangers. His share is truly unenviable. The apprentices make fun of him, make him steal from the owners and send him to the tavern for vodka. The shoemaker's family, in which he lives, is unkind to him. They give little to eat: in the morning - bread, at lunch - porridge, in the evening - also bread. And for every offense the owner severely punishes the boy. So, recently he dragged Vanka by the hair into the yard and beat him there with a spear. And the hostess, for the fact that the boy began to peel the herring incorrectly, poked a fish in his face. But most of all, Vanka does not like to babysit their child. When a baby cries at night, the boy is forced to rock him. The kid really wants to sleep. And if he happens to fall asleep while rocking the cradle, he is also punished for this. He described all this in his letter to his grandfather. "Vanka" by A.P. Chekhov is a story about the difficult lot of peasant children, defenseless before the will of the masters.

Vanka's memories of a happy time in the countryside

And Vanka also likes to remember the time when he lived in the village with his grandfather. His mother Pelageya served as a maid for the masters, and often the boy was with her. The young lady Olga Ignatyevna was very supportive of the child, treated him to candies and, having nothing to do, taught him to write, read and even dance a quadrille. But most of all Vanka remembered Christmas with the gentlemen. Before the holiday, Konstantin Makarych went to the forest for a Christmas tree and took his grandson with him. It was terribly cold, the frost was crackling. But Vanka didn't care. After all, he was next to his grandfather! This is how he describes the happy life of a boy in the village of Chekhov. “Vanka” (the summary does not convey the emotions that remain after reading the work in the original) is a story that evokes in readers an acute feeling of pity and a desire to help a naive child.

Satisfied Vanka sends a letter

Having finished his letter, the boy signs it: "To the village of grandfather." And on reflection, he adds: "Konstantin Makarych." How to send a message, Vanka knows. After all, the day before, he asked the merchants from the butcher's shop about this. They told him that letters should be put in mailbox. Then they are taken out and transported around the world on troikas with bells. Having reached the first box, the boy, pleased with himself, throws a letter into it. Having done this, he cheerfully walks home. An hour later, Vanka is already sleeping sweetly. He dreams of his grandfather Konstantin Makarych sitting on a warm stove, legs dangling, and reading a letter from his grandson to the cooks. A.P. Chekhov ends his story with this episode. "Vanka" (the main characters of the story are positive and even somewhat naive people) is a work that evokes a sympathetic smile from readers.

The theme of childhood is often heard in the stories of the writer. Chekhov wrote his work about a young, naive and kind peasant boy. “Vanka” (you learned a summary from the article) is a short story, but very interesting. We recommend reading it in its entirety.

Esaulov I. A.

The story "Vanka" by A.P. Chekhov is known, it seems, to all reading Russia. Written in 1886, since the beginning of the last century (precisely since 1900) it has been included in numerous "Books for reading" and school textbooks. As often happens in such cases, a superficially understood "content" completely obscures the semantic depths and semantic perspectives of the work. It is too easy for a narrow-minded reader to reduce the meaning of Chekhov's masterpiece to a humorous scene in a shoe shop.

"What" is the story about? As if he is about the boy's hard lot "in people." The apprentices mock him, beat him and do not feed the owners, the master's "child" does not let him sleep, etc. At the same time, the story seems to be about the naivety of the hero himself, who does not know how to correctly write the address on the envelope, in whose mind "an unusually nimble and agile old man ... with an eternally laughing face and drunken eyes" is a welcome deliverer. Thus, the depiction of both the "victim" and her "tormentors" should, it would seem, evoke an oppressive atmosphere of "idiocy" in Russian life, to paraphrase the Social Democratic classic somewhat.

So, for E.V. Dushechkina Chekhov's story "shows that the writer is looking for new ways of the Christmas genre in the development of" anti-Christmas "motifs, the use of which ... was intended to show the inconsistency of the essence of the holiday with the ruthless reality of life." According to the researcher, the village “comfort” is cozy only for those who once lived in it. Objectively, this is an eternally drunk and cursing grandfather, sniffing tobacco, poverty country house, misery of life<...>The author does not leave the reader with any illusions and hopes for a change in the fate of the hero: unlike Vanka, who sent a letter "to the village of grandfather", the reader knows that the past is irrevocable and all the best is already behind him.

In this kind of unshakable research confidence about the inevitable difficult future "fate" of a character fictional by the author, a very common value orientation, in our opinion, is clearly reflected, moreover, "supported" by the well-known inertia of perception of this work, but not by its independent analysis. It suffices to note that the "swearing" grandfather, as Dushechkina puts it, never actually scolds anyone within the limits of Chekhov's text, but "bursts with merry laughter", "chuckles", "jokes". The objective world of the "village house" is not depicted at all, therefore, judgments about its "poverty", as well as considerations about the "wretchedness of life" characterize the axiological ideas of the researcher herself about Russian life, but by no means inner world works.

M.M. is in a hurry to "finish" the text of the story for Chekhov. Dunaev, according to whom the ending should be different: “Konstantin Makarych will never receive a letter, and a bright hope will turn into darkness ... Vanka will inevitably imagine that no one needs him, that he was abandoned and left in hopelessness ... Grandfather ... will do nothing for his grandson The child will experience a severe shock, a feeling of abandonment, abandonment.

Having brushed aside the historical and literary fact that Chekhov deliberately wrote a Christmas story, published on December 25, 1886 in the "Petersburg newspaper" in the section "Christmas stories", and seeing nothing but the plot "content" of this text, the critic replaces philological analysis fantasies on the topic: what will happen next, after the final point that Chekhov set: grandfather "will not receive a letter"; "Vanka will introduce himself"; "grandfather will not do"; "the child will survive."

Such a reduced reading, already by its obvious one-dimensionality, immediately raises doubts about its adequacy to the “meaning” of the work (if only we assume that “Vanka” is really Chekhov’s artistic masterpiece, and not a model of socially accusatory fiction).

When we try to "hear" that "music of the intonation-value context" with which the work is "shrouded, as it were", it immediately becomes clear: the story is about something else. The genre of the Christmas story completely transforms the external "content" to which the "meaning" of Chekhov's work is usually reduced. Before us is a story about a bright Christmas miracle.

As we have already noted, the story "Vanka" was first published in the "Petersburg newspaper" on December 25 - and it was in the section "Christmas stories". Already this context sets the appropriate "dialogizing background ... perception" of the text, certain boundaries of adequate readings of the work, behind which begins essayistic and journalistic fantasizing on the topic "what will happen next", far from philology.

Despite the seeming "simplicity", the story has a very complex composition. Vanka Zhukov's letter is interrupted several times either by the hero's reminiscences, or by the narrator's remarks, or by the famous landscape description:

"And the weather is magnificent. The air is quiet, transparent and fresh. The night is dark, but you can see the whole village with its white roofs and wisps of smoke coming from pipes, trees silvered with frost, snowdrifts. The whole sky is strewn with merrily twinkling stars, and the Milky Way looms like this clearly, as if they had washed it and rubbed it with snow before the holiday ... ".

Behind the playful suggestion in the last phrase, there flickers the idea of ​​the creation of God's world, of the hidden presence of the Creator, of the festivity of the Christmas cosmos, but it is presented in a purely Chekhovian, somewhat ironic style. For example, in the Easter story "Holy Night" a very special state of the sky is emphasized:

“The world was lit up with stars that completely strewed the entire sky. I don’t remember when at another time I saw so many stars. There was literally nowhere to poke a finger. they all went to heaven, one and all, from young to old, washed, renewed, joyful, and one and all quietly moved their rays.

Let's pay attention to how Vanka writes a letter. "The paper was lying on the bench, and he himself was kneeling in front of the bench." Previously mentioned "dark image". The hero assumes a prayerful pose, so the grandfather's congratulations on Christmas and the wish "everything from the Lord God" cannot be considered only passing and neutral speech clichés.

The detail of the objective world of this work is very important: the window into which Vanka looks and in which "the reflection of his candle flickered". It is after this word frame of the image that the description begins. rustic comfort, where the yearning Vanka strives with all his heart. Thus, already at this point in the outwardly humorous text, one can speak of the appearance of a kind of mystical window space, where the hero’s thought quite realistically rushes.

This space is a whole multi-colored world - in many ways more real than the shoe shop surrounding the hero in Moscow, which is disgusting to him. For example, when describing this world, present tense verbs are often used, while in the "urban" space, the past tense dominates. Even the male Vyun in that "his" world has not just a human, but a very complex and difficult character: he is "unusually respectful and affectionate", but "under the respectfulness and humility lies the most Jesuitical malice". If the old Kashtanka, treated to tobacco, simply "sneezes, twists her muzzle and, offended, steps aside," then Vyun "out of respect does not sneeze and twirls his tail."

In the outside world, the merry voice of grandfather Konstantin Makarych sounds ("Is there something we can smell of tobacco?"; "Tear it off, it's frozen!"; "Hold it, hold it... hold it! Moscow house Vanka. After all, here "the masters and apprentices left for matins," leaving him alone on this Christmas night.

The most essential thing is that the window becomes not only the boundary between "foreign" and "one's own", which the little hero, imagining his native village covered with snow, but it is from there, from the space behind the windows, that the passionately awaited response impulse comes to Vanka. "Now, probably, grandfather is standing at the gate, screwing up his eyes at the bright red windows of the village church..." Vanka's city window, reflecting his candle, and the village windows of the church, in which one can see the Christmas light of lamps and candles, are implicitly drawn closer by the author. It can be said that the look of the grandson, fixed on the dark window, and the look of the grandfather, turned on the "bright red" windows of the village church, mystically meet on Christmas night ... At least, Vanka from his Moscow corner undoubtedly sees at that moment those the windows of the church, on which - also at this moment (“now”) - his village grandfather “squints his eyes” from the darkness ... Toward the end of the work, in the same window space (“Vanka ... stared at the window again”), and a Christmas tree, followed by Vanyushka (this is exactly the form of the hero's name appears here) and grandfather.

With a naive-realistic reading of this Chekhov's masterpiece, the final failure of Vanka's venture seems undoubted: the "prosaic" Konstantin Makarych, of course, will never receive a plaintive letter from an orphan grandson. Just like the "prosaic" Pierre Bezukhov (if we assume his "real" existence outside the poetic world of Tolstoy's novel) it is absolutely impossible to participate in the Decembrist uprising, and Raskolnikov Dostoevsky to overcome the boundaries of the novel "epilogue".

From a naive-realistic point of view, which fundamentally denies the great reality of a miracle, Konstantin Makarych "will not be able" to receive a letter from his grandson, even if he indicates with all possible accuracy the address of precisely "his" village. If only because (but not only because!) That Konstantin Makarych is a fictional character, and not a villager. However, what we have before us is by no means a naturalistic description of a private scene in a shoe shop, but a work (artistic reality) written in the genre of a Christmas story.