Green pages are animals of any group. A miracle called a butterfly! green pages

Andrey Pleshakov: Green Pages. A manual for students of educational institutions of the Federal State Educational Standard. Cover of the new 2014 edition.

Green Pages. Student book primary grades... FSES. Pleshakov Andrey Anatolyevich.

Previously, this book was in a different cover, with a camomile (this is exactly what it is shown in textbooks on the world around us), but the new edition is different, on the cover there is a spring birch forest against the background of the sky. This is the 2014 edition.

The letter Y is printed in the book.

Green pages books of nature.

The book is excellent: not only as a supplement to the elementary school textbook on the world around it, but also as a completely independent book about nature and animals for children. Unlike many magazine series, there are no annoying mistakes in this book (after all, a textbook!). There is a lot of information (the book is thick), the text is wonderfully written (fascinating), plus a lot of good color drawings and photographs.

So even if your school does not require the mandatory purchase of this textbook, we recommend purchasing - very good book.

Stories about animals and plants, many stories about insects, etc.

With the help of this book you will learn about the most daring flowers that are the first to meet spring, meet ants, butterflies and ladybirds, figure out what the strength and courage of an oak is, you will find yourself in the kingdom of mushrooms and lichens, you will penetrate the secrets of bats, you will get acquainted with life " the king of rodents "- the beaver.

This book is for younger students, but it will be interesting for both parents and teachers who, together with their child, want to meet the unique world of wildlife.

Publisher: Education.

Series: School of Russia.

The letter Y is printed in the book.

A book for younger students dedicated to the nature of their native country and native land, contains stories - pages. They introduce you to the amazing natural diversity - from grass at the doorstep to birds and animals. Special attention paid to the disclosure of ecological ties in the surrounding world.

The book is intended for use in the classroom and during extracurricular activities, for self-reading. It will be interesting not only for children, but also for teachers, parents who, together with the child, want to meet with the unique world of wildlife.

This book will tell about nature - about large trees and small beetles, about vociferous, cheerful birds, and about silent, gloomy spiders ...

The book is called Green Pages. Why green? Because this color is a symbol of wildlife. Why pages? The fact is that nature itself can be compared to a great fascinating book. Every flower, every bird, every butterfly are pages of the Book of Nature. Reading it means knowing, studying nature. True, it is not so easy to read it.

Colored drawings and photographs.

Imagine: somewhere on a forest edge you are standing and looking around. A black beetle will run through, rustling with dry last year's leaves, at your feet. A hurried jay will flash among the branches. A blue bell will swing in the wind ... And no one will tell you or even whisper: Look at me, what a beautiful, interesting, very necessary inhabitant of the forest I am!

Our book will help you learn to read the Book of Nature. Notice the amazing and the extraordinary in the familiar and everyday. To discover very important, necessary, but hidden from our eyes connections in living nature. And most importantly: to learn to love and cherish what people cannot live without - the wonderful world of plants and animals around us!

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Appendix 2
A. A. Pleshakov Green Pages

Page ten - about dragonflies
Just...
Once I was sitting by the river. Dragonflies flew over the thickets of arrowhead and yellow pods. And the guys were swimming nearby. So they got out of the water, dried out a little and ... suddenly began to hunt dragonflies. They knocked them down with their shirts, caught them with their hats. I ran up to them: “What are you doing ?! Why?" The guys were surprised: “Why? So simple ... "

Probably, many will remember a similar case. It's also good if the guys hold the dragonfly by the wings and let it go. But it happens that insects tear off their legs and heads. Or they arrange a competition - who will knock down the most dragonflies.

And dragonflies need to be protected! Why? Yes, simply because they are part of the living world around us, because they are beautiful, and a person cannot live without beauty. In addition, we must not forget that, having killed a single dragonfly, a person, one might say, releases hundreds, thousands of mosquitoes and midges. And how annoying they can be, these mosquitoes and midges! How painful they bite, especially when you are resting on the banks of a river or a pond, fishing, riding a boat ... And then dragonflies come to the rescue of a man. After all, it is mosquitoes and midges that are their main, favorite food.
Big-eyed hunters
Look the dragonfly in the eye. If, of course, you can carefully approach her sitting on a leaf or twig. The eyes are not just big. They are huge. They are round and smooth, like the sides of a globe, mysterious, like pearls.

Then the dragonfly will take off. And you will hear the dry rustle of its strong wings, if the dragonfly is large. Or, if the little one, you will not hear anything, but you will see how the wings, having set in motion, will light up, play in the sun's rays ...

From May to autumn, dragonflies fly over the overgrown banks of rivers and streams, ponds and lakes, along forest edges and over glades - they hunt.

They catch prey with their feet. Their legs are covered with thorns and bristles, in flight they are bent and brought together so that a "hunting basket" is obtained. A swift air zigzag - and a mosquito or a fly is in this "basket". A dragonfly eats a mosquito right on the fly. And a fly - sitting on a twig, leisurely. And then he rests for a while.

“I have repeatedly seen,” writes the famous German scientist Alfred Brehm in his book “Animal Life”, “that the dragonfly turned out to be more agile than me, snatching a moth or other insect that I wanted to catch from under my nose.”

Observe how a large dragonfly, about ten centimeters in wingspan, hunts over the forest road. She has her own section, along which she flies back and forth. Other dragonflies, especially of the same species, are not allowed into this area - they decisively attack and drive away! The rocker arms fly, and many other dragonflies are excellent. The speed reaches up to 50 kilometers per hour and even, as some scientists assure, up to 90.

But there are other dragonflies as well. Like butterflies, they flutter near the water, light, gentle. They are in no hurry, they sit down on the reeds and leaves so delicately, as if they know their names: a beautiful girl, a beautiful arrow, an elegant arrow.

The female beauties have yellowish wings, the males blue. The arrows are smaller and unusually thin - they break, caught by an awkward human hand. Lyutki are also very fragile - they are generally the smallest of our dragonflies.

All these creatures feed on live prey, although they do not go after it, like rocker arms, in dizzying pursuits. Gather insects sitting on plants, occasionally catch flying ones. These dragonflies have no hunting grounds: they find both a table and a house, as they say, under each leaf.

Patient researchers, who studied the hunting habits of various dragonflies with cameras, binoculars and stopwatches in their hands, called large and strong dragonflies pursuers, and beauties, arrows and gatherers - gatherers.

Among the dragonflies there is a third group of hunters - the watchmen! Awakened by the morning sun, they begin to fly, looking for a convenient twig or twig in the forest glades, so that later they can sit high all day and look far away. Scrupulous to the extreme: watchmen different types choose twigs with different angles tilt, s different thickness, with a specific color! These dragonflies are of medium size, very good flyers. Seeing the prey, they dash off, catch it with lightning speed and just as quickly fly back. They sit down on their bitch, eat and wait again ...

And now a few more words about the merits of winged hunters before people.

"There were so many mosques that the air seemed filled with them," wrote one zoologist at the beginning of this century. But then, he says, dragonflies appeared. First, just a few pieces, then more, more. Two days later, their number became so great that a strong mind was clearly heard in the air from the flapping of countless wings. The dragonflies were eagerly catching midges. Two more days passed - and not a single midge was visible anywhere.

This happens even now. Moreover, in Siberia, in some places, people are specifically waiting for the appearance of dragonflies in order to start cultivating vegetable gardens along the shores of the lakes. Otherwise, it is simply impossible to work - mosquitoes seize.

Here they are, these big-eyed hunters!
Life under water
Dragonfly larvae live in water. If you dig with a special, made of durable fabric, a water net at the bottom of a pond or forest lake, in the net, perhaps, it will turn out to be a dragonfly larva in person. Let's take a good look at it, and after examining it, we will release it. Yes, this creation is not the most beautiful. Awkward-looking, gray, smeared with silt. The legs are long, spread out. Bulging eyes ... However, the brightness and variegation here would be completely inappropriate - with them and in the mouth of a fish will not please long.

This larva emerges from the egg quite crumbs - one and a half to two millimeters long. But in the third year of life, when development comes to an end, it happens in a dragonfly-rocker 5 centimeters, and in a dragonfly-watchman 6 centimeters! In other, smaller dragonflies, the larvae are smaller, and they often live only one year.

The future dragonfly does not pursue its prey (various aquatic larvae, crustaceans, tadpoles), but stalking, hiding in ambush somewhere among the greenery. She catches only moving prey. Enoughs lightning fast! And not with legs, not with jaws, but with a "mask". "Mask" - a long, foldable lower lip, with hooks at the end. Grabbing its lunch, the larva draws it to its mouth, and then powerful jaws begin to work. At normal times, the lip is folded and covers, like a real mask, the lower part of the predator's physiognomy.

True, not all larvae eat like this. In some species, the lip resembles a scoop, and even with a filter. These larvae swarm all their lives in the silt, extracting everything edible from it, it is clear that they collect not only moving, but also motionless prey.

The mode of movement of the larvae of large dragonflies is very unusual. They forcefully eject a trickle of ode from the abdomen and, receiving a push, like a rocket, rush forward, As if in big leaps, they swim quickly and easily. Dragonfly researcher Boris Fedorovich Belyshev observed a case when a jet from a larva, breaking through a small layer of water, hit the table 60 centimeters from the aquarium in which the larva lived. It is not surprising that, fleeing from the fish mouth, a frightened predator usually completely forgets about her rather strong legs, and scoots off headlong, doing only with a water-jet engine.

Larvae of small dragonflies move differently. They have three leaves on the posterior end of the body. These leaves serve as fins for the larva.

This is how future dragonflies live.

But one fine day, on some reed sticking out of the water, the larva gets out into the air, to the sun. It freezes, hanging over a wet abyss ... And then the clothes burst on the larva's back, and a winged dragonfly is born, which will never return to the water. Figure 25

Dragonflies are waiting for help
Dragonflies are very ancient insects. Three hundred million years ago, there were no wasps, no bees, or butterflies on earth. There were no birds and animals. There were no flowers. But the dragonflies have already flown. Many were huge - their wingspan was almost a meter!

Now around the world there are about 4500 species of dragonflies. There are especially many of them in hot countries. Even those large and bright live there that we never dreamed of. True, the former giants have long died out - the largest modern dragonflies reach a wingspan of 19 centimeters. However, you must admit, and this is a lot.

Indeed, it is difficult even to imagine how much older dragonflies are than humanity! But the same thing is happening to them now as with the overwhelming majority of other animals and plants. Under the onslaught of man, they retreat. In many countries, the number of dragonflies is decreasing. Particularly vulnerable are dragonflies, the larvae of which can live only in clean water bodies - there are almost no clean water bodies left.

Dragonflies deserve to be treated carefully. And the guys can do a lot for them. Stop, for example, someone who is going to wash a car or a motorcycle in the river: this pollutes the water very much. Do not catch dragonflies, but watch them! Maybe someone will be able to see something that even scientists do not know yet.

Page eighteen, about frogs and toads,

which many do not like at all
Their trouble is our fault
It is even difficult to understand why frogs and toads still live on earth. Of course in modern world there are few animals that would live well: a person oppresses everyone, and if he loves someone, then he does not necessarily protect. But frogs and toads ...

One old book about toads says: "The toad is a disgusting animal ... In the month of July, the toads are pricked on a sharp stick with their head or neck and dried in the air for both internal and external use." Yes, the toads would hardly have liked this book. They liked even less when they were pricked on a stick and dried. But what could they do if people, despising toads, at the same time considered them for some reason good remedy for many diseases ?!

The killed toad was used as medicine. And the living were attributed to terrible properties: terribly poisonous, as if with one breath and even a look, it was capable of disfiguring a person. Moreover, she is a companion of witches, other evil spirits, and meeting with her promises a person only trouble. It is clear how such meetings ended for the toads. People who believed these fables simply killed innocent animals.

And until now, their extermination is in full swing. Silly, senseless. Many even now do not like toads and, on occasion, kill them. And nowadays, some people think that from touching a toad a person gets warts. What nonsense!

Frogs seem to have been less talked about than toads. However, they were also never favored, although the frog legs with long ago were considered a gourmet dish in some countries. And now frog meat is much more expensive there. the best varieties fishes. Visitors to expensive restaurants do not spare money for an unusual dish. In Italy alone, about 15 million frogs are eaten every year! Few of their own frogs remain in most Western European countries. Therefore, they are brought from abroad. India especially sells a lot of frogs. The total weight of the unfortunate animals caught there annually is 5 thousand tons. Moreover, many catchers, in order to facilitate their work, tear off their legs right on the spot - from live frogs!

Here one cannot help but recall one more frog misfortune. They have become very convenient and even irreplaceable animals for carrying out different experiences... With their completely involuntary help, scientists, especially doctors, made many important discoveries. In gratitude for this, two monuments were erected to the frogs - in Paris and in Tokyo.

Well, grateful scientists have erected monuments to frogs. But is there any gratitude to these defenseless creatures in the soul of each of us? After all, they died for the sake of our health.

And how often the guys kill frogs! They throw stones at them, torture small weak animals, unable to stand up for themselves. Is it possible to?

Add to all this the death of frogs and toads on highways... They fall under the wheels of cars when in the spring they leave for breeding in water bodies, which are often located quite far from wintering places. In some countries, to save frogs and toads, special "trapping fences" are arranged along the roads, near which plastic buckets are buried at some distance from one another. Frogs and toads, moving along the "fences", fall into these buckets, and people then carry them across the road. The construction of special underground passages for amphibians is also planned. But all this is still in other countries. Not with us.

This is how frogs and toads have a relationship with humans ...

Look what big, sad eyes are looking at you. And how much calmness, restraint in these creatures! It even seems that they silently and proudly await when finally we will be fair to them.
What are frogs and toads
But, in spite of everything, frogs and toads live on Earth. Their various relatives also live: tree frogs, toads, garlic, newts, salamanders ... There are 3200 species of amphibians in the world.

Of the frogs, the pond, lake, grass and sharp-muzzle frogs are especially common.

The first two are green frogs.

They spend their whole life in or near water, even wintering at the bottom of reservoirs. And naturally, the green color helps them stay invisible. The pond frog grows up to 8 centimeters long. The lake is much larger - up to 15 centimeters. Grass and sharp-faced - brown frogs. They spend most of their time on land, where the brown color (the color of dry leaves, sticks and blades of grass) does them a good service.

These frogs reproduce, like all amphibians, in the water, and the grass frog also hibernates there. Sharp-faced frogs hibernate, as a rule, on land - in rodent holes, in some holes, in cracks, in heaps of fallen leaves. They are smaller than herbal ones (herbal ones are up to 10 centimeters), but in general they are similar to them. In order to distinguish these frogs, one must bear in mind: the abdomen of the sharp-muzzle is white, and of the grassy frogs it is spotty. The sharp-faced, in addition, has a pointed muzzle. And during breeding, the males of this frog acquire an amazing blue color.

Of the toads in our country, two types are widespread: green and gray. They differ from each other not only in color, but also in size: gray is much larger than green. Both toads spend most of the year on land and only temporarily move into the water for breeding. The green toad hibernates in animal burrows, holes and other shelters; it can burrow into loose ground. Gray often goes into cellars and basements. Figure 26

Similar but different
Some confuse frogs with toads and toads with frogs. Let's compare them with each other.

It is not difficult to find similarities: both of them spend part of their time on land, and some in water, at least they multiply in water. The development of both begins with an egg - a tadpole appears from it, which gradually turns into an adult frog or toad. The skin of both is bare. And they feed mainly on insects. There are many similarities and just in appearance, habits.

What are the differences?

Let's start with the caviar. Clutches of frog eggs look like large lumps, and toad eggs are hidden inside slimy cords, and the length of such cords in the gray toad is 3-5 meters, and in the green one - up to 7 meters!

The tadpoles of frogs and toads are similar. But the former usually swim shallow among aquatic plants, while the latter stay at the bottom. That is why the body of toad tadpoles is slightly flattened from top to bottom, and the head is elongated - this makes it easier to dig in the silt.

Adult frogs have smooth, moist and very delicate skin. In toads, on the contrary, it is bumpy, drier and coarser. The skin secretions of frogs are almost non-toxic, and in toads they are poisonous to animals, they smell unpleasant. Especially large venom glands are located behind the eyes of the toad. However, the toad releases its poison only when the predator grabs it. Many predators immediately discard dangerous prey.

And toad poison can harm a person only if it gets into the mouth or eyes.

Frogs are much more agile than toads. Everyone knows how they jump dexterously, pushing off with their long hind legs. Slow toads are not capable of such feats - their legs are short! The tongue is a hunting device - they, too, are shorter than the frog tongue. For these reasons, during the hunt, they get mainly crawling insects, and frogs - both crawling and flying.

It is interesting that toads have absolutely no teeth, while frogs have them, however, only on the upper jaw and are very, very small.

Frogs usually hunt day and night. Toads leave their shelters only at night or at dusk.

Some people think frogs are pretty cute creatures, but toads are ugly after all. To me, both of them seem beautiful in their own way and equally deserving of respect.
Link in an unbreakable chain
Even a beetle crunching under the wheels is a reproach to a person. So says the writer Vasily Mikhailovich Peskov. And this is true. We, humans, have a difficult duty: not to let the living that so trustingly surround us on earth disappear. This is the duty of the strong.

Frogs and toads must live because we are stronger than them ...

But they must also live because in the chains of nature, where everything is connected to one another, they have their very important place. For every frog killed, nature can show us a bill.

At least like this: one grass frog eats up to seven insects and other creatures per day that can cause harm to humans. After wintering, she appears at the end of April, and goes to winter at the end of September, therefore, she obtains food for herself for five months, and this time she will eat more than a thousand of all kinds of mosquitoes, flies, beetles dangerous for our economy. Thus, it does not allow these creatures to multiply beyond measure.

Frogs and toads are the keepers of balance in nature. Thank them for that!

But the balance in nature depends not only on who frogs and toads eat in what quantities. It depends on who and in what quantity eats the frogs and toads themselves! And they eat them, especially frogs, storks, herons, seagulls, predator birds, badgers, otters, minks, raccoon dogs and many other birds and animals, as well as predatory fish. The life of all these animals is largely dependent on frogs and toads.

Imagine a natural chain: mosquitoes - frogs - storks. Try to tear it apart mentally: imagine that the frogs have disappeared. Oh, how the mosquitoes began to multiply uncontrollably! And the storks? They are becoming less and less ... No, natural chains cannot be broken!

And people tear. And not only when they just catch frogs or kill toads. "Even a single treatment of forests with pesticides," writes Professor Andrei Grigorievich Bannikov, "reduces the number of frogs, toads, newts and lizards by 2-3 times." But what about the frequent spraying of pesticides on fields and gardens? But what about the pollution of reservoirs with household and industrial waste? And what about the draining of swamps, the shallowing and drying up of lakes and small rivers?

But let's hope that over time, people will cope with these troubles.

In addition, there are already the first successful experiments in artificial breeding of frogs. And someday, perhaps soon, real frog farms will appear, from where frogs will be sent both abroad and to scientific institutes. And ... into the nearby river.
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Here you can find - buy a book: "Green Pages" by Pleshakov

AA Manual for students of educational organizations / Moscow. Publisher: Education. (Green House) - 224 pages. : ill. - ISBN 978-5-09-032015-3 - 978-5-09-030054-4. Created 05/20/2016

The textbook "Green Pages" was created in accordance with the Federal State Requirements of the 2nd Generation General Primary Education Standards.

White hare and brown hare, similarities and differences.

Their common similarities: nocturnal animals, resting during the day - feeding at night, digging holes in the snow in winter, confusing the trail, in summer - gray,

Differences species:

Habitat.

Color in winter.

Type of feed.

Paw prints.

Snow hare.

White, black ear tips.

Thin twigs.

Wider and shorter jumps.

European hare.

Light gray.

Dry grass.

More cunningly he confuses his trail, more often makes "loops".

Story: "His Majesty the boletus".

A story about mushrooms from the book "Green Pages", according to the 3rd grade program.

Annotation: Story: "". A cut mushroom - boletus - causes joy, respect, admiration among mushroom pickers ... They are proud of such finds, hold in their hands for a long time, do not rush to put them in a basket - they will first count. The mushroom looks majestic, a real "king of mushrooms", and sometimes, for its pompous appearance, it is called "colonel". And, it's not hard to guess why, the housewives call it white: in the soup and in the pan, it is always white.

Questions to the story: "His Majesty the boletus".

What feelings does the mushroom - "His Majesty Boletus" evoke in the author? (Joy, respect, admiration).
How many boletus mushrooms did an acquaintance of the author collect in a day? (86 mushrooms).
What color is the boletus mushroom? (the hat is brown, the leg is off-white).
Why is the boletus mushroom called white? (In any form, a white gib: dried, boiled, fried - always remains white).
What color is the wild boletus mushroom - dried? (Black).
Why, White mushroom is called a boletus? (Found in pine forest).
What does a boletus mushroom look like? (The hat is reddish-brown, the leg is thick. He looks important, pompous).
What kind of porcini mushroom does the author describe in the story? (Pine, oak, spruce, birch).
How many varieties of porcini mushroom do scientists count? (About two dozen).
What is the difference between porcini mushrooms of different varieties? (the color of the hat and the meeting place).
What is the popular name for the porcini mushroom? ("King of mushrooms", "colonel").
Why in the story does the author call the boletus mushroom a super mushroom? (He embodied all the mushroom beauty and strength).

Story: "Yarrow".

Annotation: Story: " Yarrow"from the book:" Grade 3 Green Pages. "Each leaf of the yarrow is cut into many lobules and it is impossible to count them. Many flowers from inflorescences form up to 25 thousand seeds. It reproduces not only by seeds, but also by rhizomes. It can be found in meadows, on the roadside, on the forest edge. The plant has many medicinal properties... Thousand-leaf leaf well stops bleeding and heals wounds, it is even used for toothache. His drugs are prescribed for diseases of the intestines, stomach and appetite improvement.

Annotation: Story: "Similar, but different" from the book: "Green Pages Grade 3". Do not confuse toads with frogs and frogs with toads. They are similar but different.

Similarities:

They spend the same time on land and in water.
They breed in water.
They begin to develop from the egg.
They appear as tadpoles, which then turn into a frog or toad.
The skin is bare.
They feed on insects.
Similarity in appearance and habits.

Differences:

The clutches of caviar are different.
The body of toad tadpoles is flattened, and the head is elongated.
The frogs' skin is smooth, moist and tender. In toads, it is bumpy and rough.
Skin secretions from frogs are almost not poisonous, and from toads for animals they are poisonous and smell unpleasant.
Frogs are more agile than toads.
The tongue of toads is shorter than that of a frog.
Toads do not have teeth, but frogs do.
Frogs hunt night and day, toads - at night.

A story about beavers.

Stories from the book "Green Pages" about beavers, according to the 4th grade curriculum. The book includes eight stories.

Abstract "Green Pages. A tale of beavers": The beaver looks like a king - majestic. It is not for nothing that they call him the" king of rodents. " submissive, from aspen to oak, of any thickness, knocks them down with the help of powerful teeth - incisors, like a woodcutter - with a saw and an ax, gnawing the fallen tree into the parts it needs.
Very handsome, flaunts, all year round, in her luxurious fur coat, which allows long time, spend underwater. The fur of the fur coat is thick, it does not let water through, so when it comes out of the water, shaking it, the animal dries up quickly.
And, the tail of the beaver is extraordinary, it looks like a shovel: naked, covered with scales. Helps the owner both during swimming and during work. Resting on the ground, it is with its tail that the beaver gnaws at the tree.

This tutorial it will be useful, in the knowledge of the world around, for adults and children. Book Contents: "Green Pages... Pleshakov A. A. ", consists of twenty four pages.

Page 1. , talks about the grass around our house and on the street.

Bird buckwheat.
From the life of a dandelion.
Yarrow.
Sour but tasty.
Burdock, he's a burdock.
The bitter herb.
Green traveler.
Wasteland dweller.
Make friends with nettles.

Page 2, where we are talking about the first flowers that meet spring.

The most daring.
Giving honey.
The hasty corydalis.
Anemone.
Cheerful, fresh, washed.
Goose bow.
Dream-evoking herb.
Keys to Summer

Page 3, on rare and endangered plants, written with the hope that flowers will always bloom on earth. Conservation of nature is our common cause.
Page 4 is about trees.

About birch and birch sap.
Strength and weakness of oak.
City-dweller tree.
A bold tree.

Page 5, the heroes of which are mosses.

Below the grass.
From the Arctic to Antarctica.
Where does the moss begin?
Living sponge.
Kukushkin flax, ostrich feather and others.

Page 6 - about mushrooms.

Not plants or animals.
Why mushrooms in the forest.
Wolf tobacco, hare potatoes.
Going for mushrooms.

Page 7, almost fabulous, invites you to visit the lichens.

The dressing room of the forest king.
Scale, leafy, bushy.
The union of the fungus and algae.
Reindeer moss.
Long-livers.
Lichens are leaving the cities.

Page 8. Events that take place in the web kingdom.
Page 9 - o difficult relationship insects and humans.
Page 10 is about dragonflies.

Just.
Big-eyed hunters.
Life under water.
Dragonflies are waiting for help. Read online.

Page 11, the heroes of which are lacewings, and they are also fliers.

First meeting.
Egg on a thin stalk.
"Aphid lions" and a running chrysalis.
Defenseless beauties.

Page 12 is about beetles.

Who in the world is more than anyone.
May beetle and its relatives.
A beetle on the road.
Talking beetle.
Six-legged deer.
Great water lover.
Without them, the earth would be bored.

Page 13, which tells almost detective stories - about a dangerous criminal among insects.

Verbal portrait.
His first "business".
He goes beyond all boundaries.
He changes clothes.
He is hiding.
Who will win?

Page 14, which tells about the extraordinary life of a ladybug.

"Sun".
Name on the wings.
Three lives of a ladybug.
Deceiving appearance.
Migratory ... beetles.
Where the cows winter.
Trouble!

Page 15, the brightest and most colorful, because it tells
about butterflies.

140 thousand species.
Pollen on variegated wings.
How many legs does a caterpillar have?
Unusual watch.
The dangerous life of the admiral.
Blueberry in an anthill.
Mysterious hawk moths.
Dimming rainbow.

Page 16, which tells about how insects hibernate.
Page 17, the characters of which are the first insects to wake up, and the time of action is early spring.

The first butterflies. - read online
Hooray! The flies are awake!
Take care of the bumblebees!
Ants that remember everything.

Page 18, about toads and frogs, which many do not like.

Their trouble is our fault.
What are frogs and toads.
A link in an unbreakable chain.

Page 19th. Summer has passed - about the life of birds in the fall.

How and when?
And who remains!
Help the birds!

Page 20 is about the birds that will stay with us in winter.

Crossbones.
Tap dance.
Bullfinch.
Woodpeckers.
Pika.
Kinglet.

Page 21 is about birds in spring.

The starlings have arrived.
Singing in the blue sky.
Chaffinch "stroke".
Songbird.
Pied flycatcher.
Invisible.

Page 22, which tells about the winter life of animals.

City under the snow.
Dexterous predators.
Three hundred cones for lunch.
Fox hunting.
About wild boar and elk.

Page 23, the most mysterious, its heroes are bats.

What the legends say.
What science says.
Caught an echo.
Forest ambulance.
Like birds and with birds.
Do not offend the winged animals!

Page 24, talks about images.

Beaver - "King of Rodents".
First miracle - beaver teeth.
The second miracle is a beaver coat.
The third miracle is the beaver tail.
The fourth and fifth wonders are beaver huts and dams.
The sixth miracle is beaver.
One hundred squirrels for a beaver.
Miracle seven - the beavers are back!

How many pages are in the Book of Nature.

Presentation "Ordinary ladybug»Green Pages. A.A. Pleshakov Completed: Completed: teacher primary teacher primary grades of MOU Kuzmin - classes MOU Kuzmino-Gatievskaya secondary school, Tambov Gatievskaya secondary school, Tambov region, Tambov region of the region, Tambov region Troshkina Elena Anatolyevna Troshkina Elena Anatolyevna

In Russia, children from time immemorial love ladybirds. As a child, if a ladybug sat on our hand, we told her a poem: "Ladybug, fly to heaven, Bring us bread, Black, white, Just not burnt." She listened attentively, and we threw her into the sky. And the continuation of the verse is as follows: “Ladybug, Fly to heaven - I’ll give you bread! Ladybug, Fly to heaven, There are your children Eating sweets - One at a time, And you have none! " "Ladybug, fly to heaven, Bring us bread, Black, white, Only not burnt." She listened attentively, and we threw her into the sky. And the continuation of the verse is as follows: “Ladybug, Fly to heaven - I’ll give you bread! Ladybug, Fly to heaven, There are your children Eating sweets - One at a time, And you have none! "

In Russia, they traditionally turned to the ladybug with the question: "Ladybug, will there be a lot of bad weather tomorrow?" If she flew away, then the weather will be good, if not, it will rain. The Slavs “wondered” with the help of a cow, asking: “Ladybug, should I live, should I die, or should I fly to heaven?”. In Russia, they traditionally turned to the ladybug with the question: "Ladybug, will there be a lot of bad weather tomorrow?" If she flew away, then the weather will be good, if not, it will rain. The Slavs “wondered” with the help of a cow, asking: “Ladybug, should I live, should I die, or should I fly to heaven?”.

Legend of the Ladybug: The image of the ladybug is found in a number of East Slavic myths. According to one of them, the wife of the god of thunder Perun was turned into a ladybug, thus punished for treason. Seduced by the tempting serpent, Perynya fled with him, abandoning the children. Perun scorched her with lightning, and since then on her wings you can see seven specks according to the number of children left in the sky. The image of a ladybug is found in a number of East Slavic myths. According to one of them, the wife of the god of thunder Perun was turned into a ladybug, thus punished for treason. Seduced by the tempting serpent, Perynya fled with him, abandoning the children. Perun scorched her with lightning, and since then on her wings you can see seven specks according to the number of children left in the sky. East Slavic myths a serpent East Slavic myths a serpent

The name of this insect is associated with the belief that the ladybug belongs to the heavenly herd of Perun. She mediates communication between heaven and earth, between a powerful god and people. Therefore, she was attributed Magic force, the ability to influence the weather. People tried not to kill ladybirds, so as not to incur God's wrath. The name of this insect is associated with the belief that the ladybug belongs to the heavenly herd of Perun. She mediates communication between heaven and earth, between a powerful god and people. Therefore, she was credited with magical power, the ability to influence the weather. People tried not to kill ladybirds, so as not to incur God's wrath.

Did you know ... Many people believe that by the number of points on the back of a ladybug, you can determine its age. This is not true. There are a huge number of different ladybirds in the world, and the number of dots on their wings depends on the species. There can be from two to twenty-six. Many believe that the number of points on the back of a ladybug can be used to determine its age. This is not true. There are a huge number of different ladybirds in the world, and the number of dots on their wings depends on the species. There can be from two to twenty-six.

THREE LIVES OF A LADYBIRD Yellow shiny testicles glued in piles to the bottom of the leaves. A small larva can be seen inside the testicle. She fidgets, fiddles there - wants to get out. Yellow, shiny testicles are glued in piles to the bottom of the leaves. A small larva can be seen inside the testicle. She fidgets, fiddles there - wants to get out.

This is how the first life of a ladybug begins. Finally, the testicle bursts. The larva begins to crawl out of it: first its head protrudes, then its chest, then its legs. Finally the testicle bursts. The larva begins to crawl out of it: first its head protrudes, then its chest, then its legs. But it's not easy to get out of the egg! It will take a long time before the larva, then resting, then working hard again, is completely free. But it's not easy to get out of the egg! It will take a long time before the larva, then resting, then working hard again, is completely free.

After three weeks, the larva hangs upside down and freezes. A day hangs, another ... After three weeks, the larva hangs upside down and freezes. A day hangs, another ... Then the skin on her back bursts, begins to crawl up, gathering like an accordion. And a thick milky-white pupa becomes visible. Then the skin on her back bursts, begins to crawl upward, gathering like an accordion. And a thick milky-white pupa becomes visible.

SECOND LIFE OF LADYBIRD She is strange, this second life. No traveling through the bushes, through the grasses, no hunting exploits. Hanging, simple hanging in a secluded place. Weekly or bi-weekly. Outside, the pupa darkens and becomes covered with yellow, orange, black spots. And inside ... A beetle is born inside. Ladybug's THIRD LIFE has begun! She is strange, this second life. No traveling through the bushes, through the grasses, no hunting exploits. Hanging, simple hanging in a secluded place. Weekly or bi-weekly. Outside, the pupa darkens and becomes covered with yellow, orange, black spots. And inside ... A beetle is born inside. Ladybug's THIRD LIFE has begun!

This is interesting: The origin of the name "ladybug" is most likely associated with biological feature bug: he can give milk, and not ordinary, but red! Such a liquid is released in case of danger from the pores on the bends of the limbs. The milk tastes extremely unpleasant (and in large doses it is even fatal!) And scares away predators. The origin of the name "ladybug" is most likely due to a biological feature of the bug: it can give milk, and not ordinary, but red! Such a liquid is released in case of danger from the pores on the bends of the limbs. Milk tastes extremely unpleasant (and in large doses it is even fatal!) And scares away predators,

Ladybugs hibernate under stones, low bushes, in fallen leaves at the edges of the forest. For the winter, bugs gather in large clusters. Ladybugs hibernate under stones, low bushes, in fallen leaves at the edges of the forest. For the winter, bugs gather in large clusters.

OBSERVE THE LADYBIRD OBSERVE THE LADYBIRD 1. Look for the ladybirds at the dacha, in the forest. Count how many dots they have on their wings. Determine the name of the ladybug. Find yellow, brown, black ladybugs and sketch them. No need to catch. 2. Place the ladybug on your hand, see how it emits droplets of caustic blood, pay attention to the pungent smell of blood. After this experiment, release the beetle. 3. Observe how a ladybug hunts for aphids, how long does it look for prey? Is it easy to deal with aphids? 4. Look for ladybug larvae in early summer. Memorize them well and always treat them with care. 1. Find ladybirds in the country, in the forest. Count how many dots they have on their wings. Determine the name of the ladybug. Find yellow, brown, black ladybugs and sketch them. No need to catch. 2. Place the ladybug on your hand, see how it emits droplets of caustic blood, pay attention to the pungent smell of blood. After this experiment, release the beetle. 3. Observe how a ladybug hunts for aphids, how long does it look for prey? Is it easy to deal with aphids? 4. Look for ladybug larvae in early summer. Memorize them well and always treat them with care.

FEBRUARY 2016

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Somehow in mid-July, at the dacha, the dogs and I wandered along an ugly blank plastic fence. The road was covered with prickly gravel, and it was painful to walk, even in slippers. The nasty gravel also hurt the dog's paws. Everything was boring.

And suddenly ... a huge yellow butterfly flew past us and sat down in the middle of the road - it was attracted by the stones warmed up in the sun. My heart beat with excitement - it was MAHAON! I have never seen swallows here, although I photograph a lot of butterflies.

Machaon felt my interest in him and began to tease: he would pose, then he would fly to the next stone, then the dogs would rush to him, and he would fly off - in general, the picture was not the most successful.

Therefore, I will give a description of the swallowtail from the book "Other Shores" by the remarkable writer Vladimir Nabokov: "On the Persian lilac near the veranda of the wing, I saw my first swallowtail ... yellow spurs, hanging from a bent crimson-purple bunch and, reveling in it, all the time flapping convulsively with its huge wings. "

Butterflies are a real miracle given to us by nature.

But attention, nature lovers! Hurry up to capture this miracle, because in Europe, in those places where pesticides are used in the fields, there are NO butterflies! Now, however, in many countries they began to abandon chemistry, and butterflies reappear in the meadows.

And we still have a huge variety of butterflies: both day and night, and the farther from the city, the more rare butterflies!

And the main thing - no need to catch and kill them... All these boxes of impaled, dried butterflies are disgusting. They look like plastic flowers, wax fruits, landscapes painted on stone walls ...

Let the nature around us be alive and beautiful!

And how much the same butterfly conceals still unsolved mysteries of nature! During their life, butterflies undergo four transformations - metamorphosis. The transition from one stage (egg) to another (caterpillar) is called metamorphosis... Four complete metamorphoses: an egg, a caterpillar, a pupa, and an adult (butterfly). Each new transformation in butterflies is complete - the chrysalis is completely different from the butterfly!

Testicles- this is the first phase of development. Butterflies take great care of them, fill the testicles with secretions from glands that harden in air, and capsules are obtained, which are usually masked by color to the color of the surface (plant leaf, tree bark).

The next period is adolescence, and larvae appear from the eggs - caterpillars... They feed actively, grow rapidly, increasing their body weight (sometimes tenfold!), And accumulate fat for the next transformations. Caterpillars have a gnawing mouth apparatus and feed on plant leaves. Often the name of a butterfly indicates the food preference of its caterpillar, for example: urticaria, burdock, cabbage. Sometimes the plant is indicated in an adjective: poplar banana, willow irrigation.

Each caterpillar has three pairs of articulated legs with claws and several (up to five pairs) false legs with tufts of claws, which allows it to cling to any surface. Caterpillars are very diverse in color and outward appearance and some of them - bright green, red, yellow with colored strokes - are simply amazing! The bright color of the caterpillars often indicates: "Don't touch me, I'm poisonous!" The brown and green colors help the caterpillar hide better because it tastes great for birds. Sometimes caterpillars look extremely nasty, like hives or peacock's eye caterpillars. Probably, many of you saw in the summer, at the dacha, black-striped caterpillars with black bristles stuck to the nettle. And if you look at them under a microscope - they are creatures from horror films! But this is also a protective camouflage!

During the last molt, the caterpillar turns into chrysalis... Pupae are very cute and varied in color and shape. They do not eat, do not move, but usually hang, attached to branches, or lie freely on the ground, among fallen leaves.

The day before birth, through the shell of the pupa, you can already see the coloring of the wings of the future beauty of the butterfly. And if you're lucky, you can see how a butterfly hatches from a pupa, slowly unfolding its folded wings - it's an amazing sight!

The pattern and color of the butterfly's spread wings is completely different from that of the underside. This is also a defense mechanism: by folding its wings, the butterfly merges with the texture of a tree or leaf and becomes invisible to predators. And what a carved and laced edge of the wings of a butterfly!

The butterflies themselves feed on the nectar of flowers, and at the dacha I specially grow onions, oregano, Persian lilacs and sedums - the favorite honey plants of butterflies.

An adult summer butterfly lives from several days to several weeks. Autumn butterflies remain hibernating and can live for more than ten months. Some butterflies fly five thousand kilometers! It was such a swallowtail that we saw on our road.

And one autumn I brought to the city the skinny heads of cabbage that I had grown. And, apparently, the well-fed caterpillars of cabbage butterflies arrived with them. They crawled out, pupated and, sticking to the wall behind the refrigerator, hung there until January 6th. And imagine my amazement when, on Christmas, three white butterflies fluttered in my kitchen! Just miniature angels! Alas, their life was short: cold, boring, nothing to eat, although I put drops of honey and jam with syrup on the windowsill, but they fluttered and fell asleep forever on indoor flowers. Unfortunately, I was not ready for their appearance.