Warm bread is the main idea. K.G

Many people know from childhood a touching story about a wounded hungry horse. This story is called " Warm bread". Not everyone knows who the author of this work is. Written by "Warm Bread" Paustovsky. A summary of the story will help you quickly find out how it all began and how the story ended. The work teaches good, that it is important to admit and correct your mistakes. The author is a recognized master artistic description nature. Reading the lines, it seems as if you are a witness to everything that happens.

The story "Warm bread". Paustovsky. Summary

The story begins with a sad event. A wounded horse clearly stands before the eyes of the reader. The miller of the village of Berezhki took pity on the animal and sheltered him. But it was not easy for the elderly man to feed the horse in winter. Indeed, at this time there is no fresh grass that the horse could pinch, and the miller apparently did not have any surplus food.

The feeling of hunger made the horse walk around the yards in search of food. They brought him carrots, beet tops - whoever could. Only the indifferent boy Philemon did not feed the animal. Then Paustovsky continues his story "Warm Bread" by characterizing the young character. The summary will tell you about it. Philemon was unkind, for which the grandmother, with whom he lived, scolded the guy. But the boy doesn’t care. He almost always said the same thing: "Come on." Filka also answered the hungry horse, which reached for the edge of the bread. The boy tapped the animal on the lips and threw the chunk into the snow.

Punishment

Further, the work of Paustovsky "Warm Bread" tells about the retribution for the deed. It seemed that nature itself wanted to punish for such cruelty. An instant snowstorm started, and the temperature outside dropped sharply. This froze the water near the mill. And now the whole village risked being hungry, since there was no opportunity to grind grain into flour and bake delicious rolls from it. Filka's grandmother frightened the guy even more by talking about a similar act, only in relation to a legless hungry soldier. The culprit of that incident soon died, and the nature of the village of Berezhki for another 10 years did not please with a flower or a leaf. After all, then a snowstorm also swooped down and it became sharply colder.

This is the punishment for a serious offense that Paustovsky appointed in his story "Warm Bread". The summary smoothly comes to a denouement. After all, everything must end well.

Atonement

Frightened by such consequences of his act, Philemon gathered the guys to chop the ice around the mill with axes and crowbars. The old people also came to the rescue. Grown men were at the front then. People worked all day, and nature appreciated their efforts. Paustovsky describes her as alive in his work "Warm Bread". The summary can be ended with the fact that a warm wind suddenly blew in the village of Berezhki, and water poured onto the blades of the mill. Filka's grandmother baked bread from ground flour, the boy took one loaf and carried it to the horse. He did not immediately, but took the treat and made peace with the child, putting his head on his shoulder.

This is how Paustovsky finishes his work kindly. "Warm bread" reviews were mostly positive. In 1968, a small book was published, illustrations for which you see in the article. Then a cartoon was filmed based on an interesting work.

/ / / Analysis of Paustovsky's fairy tale "Warm bread"

K. Paustovsky created the fairy tale "Warm Bread" in 1954. Only 9 years have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic War, therefore, military motives were realized in the work. For the first time, "Warm Bread" was published in children's magazine"Murzilka", and 19 years after writing the fairy tale, a short cartoon of the same name appeared.

In the work, one can single out a narrow theme - a great grief caused by Filkin's act and a wide one - good and evil. K. Paustovsky shows that any unfair, cruel act is punishable. At the same time, the writer argues that a mistake can always be corrected if you want to; a person who wants to atone for his guilt needs to be given a chance.

The plot of the fairy tale "Warm Bread" is revealed sequentially. From the very first lines one can guess that the events described in the work took place in wartime. The plot is closely intertwined with the real and the fantastic.

In the exposition K. Paustovsky tells about the wounded horse, acquaints the reader with the mysterious miller Pankrat and Filka. The plot is an episode in which Filka offends a horse. Development of events - a story about how a blizzard and severe frosts descended on Berezhki, Filka's conversation with his grandmother, a story about how a boy corrects his stupid mistake. The culmination of the piece is far from the denouement. Most of all, the reader is worried when, together with Filka, he learns that people may die. The denouement - a warm wind helps people break through the ice, women bake bread, and Filka puts up with a horse.

To reveal the topic and develop the plot, the writer created original system images. The main characters are the old miller Pankrat, the minor ones are the horse, the grandmother, the magpie, the guys and old people who were breaking through the ice. Nature can be considered a separate way, since it affects the life of people, has its own character. The author focuses on the behavior of the characters, their appearance is described schematically. The laconic characteristics emphasize the details that play important role in the implementation of the idea.

Filka's image is dynamic, because by his example the author shows how a person can change if he wants to. At the beginning of the work, we have in front of us a rude boy who is hard to find mutual language with others, in the end he becomes responsible, kind and friendly. Miller Pankrat and Granny Filki - Incarnation folk wisdom... Using Pankrat as an example, the writer also shows that appearances can be deceiving. The images of the horse and nature help the author to reveal the plot.

In the fairy tale "Warm Bread", an important role is played by artistic means... With the help of epithets, metaphors, comparisons, portraits and landscape sketches were created: "an angry old man", "Filka was silent, mistrustful", "piercing wind", "by night the sky turned green like ice", "from the cooling of the heart." However, the text is not replete with tropes, which brings it closer to folklore.

"Warm Bread" by K. Paustovsky is an original interpretation of the eternal theme of good and evil, impressing the reader with its plot and images.

The work "Warm Bread" was written by Konstantin Paustovsky in 1954, when the war ended 9 years ago. This amazing story, where good is opposed to evil, really liked the young readers, and adults, of course, too. The famous magazine "Murzilka" published the work, and almost twenty years later TV viewers could enjoy the short animated film based on the fairy tale. Analysis of the work "Warm Bread" will also be useful for you if you plan to write an essay in grade 5 on this topic.

What is the short story "Warm Bread" about?

First, we will briefly discuss what topic Konstantin Paustovsky raises and what prompts the readers to think about, then we will consider the plot and the main characters, we will also see how Filka offends the horse. The story "Warm Bread" reveals the theme of love and generosity, at the same time, attention is drawn to an indifferent person. Is it possible to eliminate the consequences of the evil inflicted, show mercy and forgive from the heart? The events of the present and the past are linked by a single thread, the author writes about people and animals, about guilt and atonement.

Analysis of the story "Warm Bread" would be incomplete without considering the plot. Paustovsky draws a simple village during the war. Food is sorely lacking, the peasants have a hard life, they have to work a lot, not sparing themselves. The old miller Pankrat had a chance to shelter a crippled animal. It was a horse that happened to be in Berezhki, and now it was required to somehow maintain it, but Pankrat did not have enough food anyway.

Heroes of the story "Warm bread"

When preparing an essay for grade 5 based on the story "Warm Bread" by Paustovsky, pay attention to the image of Filka. This is a teenager who lives with his grandmother, and he is very heartless, full of anger, mistrust and callousness. When friends turn to him for help, he refuses them, and he does not like either people or animals.

When his grandmother talks to Filka, he suddenly realizes how cruel he acted, and what the consequences may now be. On reflection, he finds the most the best way out out of the position, and admits his mistake. Now we see this character from a different perspective: he is hardworking, quick-witted, organized and ready to correct the consequences of his rash actions for the benefit of others. Filka can already be trusted.

However, analysis of the story "Warm Bread" also shows the image of another character, which we have already mentioned. This is the old miller Pankrat. His image is mysterious, because he not only cured the horse, but also showed amazing qualities. When Filka goes to redeem his guilt, Pankrat does not interfere with him, and does not hold any grudge against him, realizing that each person has his own positive traits, and you need to believe in a person.

Other analysis details

The events in the story "Warm Bread" strictly follow one another, Paustovsky, as it were, leads the reader, gradually revealing the characters of the heroes, and shows what moves them. Of course, the story contains fabulous motives that are skillfully intertwined with real events. Thus, a single composition is created. It is interesting that with the help of outdated turns of speech and folklore expressions, the narrative takes on special colors and looks very peculiar.

Be sure to emphasize the essence of the author's idea in the analysis "Warm Bread". A person is painted with spiritual generosity, compassion and responsiveness. When a person acts kindly, kindness returns to him, and an indifferent attitude towards others entails troubles and evil. In addition, if you recognize your mistake in time and are ready to correct yourself, this will surely change the situation and find a response in the hearts of those around you.

We hope that the analysis of the story "Warm Bread" will be useful to you. We have considered summary works, the image of the main characters and the author's thought, which he wanted to convey to readers. If you write an essay on the story "Warm bread" by Paustovsky, be sure to include these thoughts.

There are many stories that talk about how to live correctly, what actions to avoid, what to truly appreciate. Usually the author tells about these difficult truths in the form of an instructive story. Paustovsky is a recognized master of a small short story. In his writings, there is always a motive of high civic intentions and loyalty to his duty. In addition, in his creations, a living story is combined with a heartfelt description of nature. Warm Bread is a wonderful example of the writer's artistic skill. We will talk about this work in this article.

Instructive story

During his life, Konstantin Paustovsky composed many outstanding works. "Warm Bread" is a story for children in which the author teaches young readers not to commit evil deeds and never offend defenseless people and animals. This work is more like a fairy tale, even a parable, where the Christian commandments about warmth and love for one's neighbor are conveyed to children in a simple and accessible form.

Title of the work

Konstantin Paustovsky gave a meaningful title to his story. "Warm bread" is a symbol vitality and spiritual generosity. Bread in Russia was given to the peasants by hard work, therefore, the attitude towards it was careful, reverent. And fresh baked goods have been the best treat on the table in every home for many years. The aroma of bread in Paustovsky's story possesses miraculous power, it makes people kinder and cleaner.

The beginning of the piece

Paustovsky begins his story with a short introduction. "Warm Bread" tells that once, during the war, a military cavalry detachment marched through the village of Berezhki. At this time, a shell exploded on the outskirts and wounded the black horse in the leg. The animal could not go further, and the old miller Pankrat took him to him. He was always gloomy, but very quick to work, a man whom the local children secretly considered a sorcerer. The old man cured the horse and began to carry on it everything that was necessary to equip the mill.

Further, Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" tells that the time described in the work was very difficult for ordinary people... Many did not have enough food, so Pankrat could not feed the horse alone. Then the animal began to walk around the yards and ask for food. They brought him stale bread, beet tops, even carrots, because they believed that the horse was "public" and suffered for a just cause.

Boy Filka

In his work, Konstantin Paustovsky described the changes that occurred under the influence of circumstances in the soul of a child. "Warm Bread" is a story about a boy named Filka. He lived with his grandmother in the village of Berezhki and was rude and distrustful. The hero answered all reproaches with the same phrase: "Come on!" Once Filka was sitting at home alone and eating delicious bread sprinkled with salt. At this time, a horse entered the yard and asked for food. The boy hit the animal on the lips and threw the bread into the loose snow with the words: "You can't get enough food for you, Christoradniki!"

These evil words were the signal for the start of extraordinary events. A tear rolled down from the horse's eyes, he whinnied resentfully, waved his tail, and at that moment a fierce frost fell on the village. Throwing up snow immediately powdered Filka's throat. He rushed into the house and locked the door behind him with his favorite saying: "Come on!" However, he listened to the noise outside the window and realized that the blizzard was whistling exactly like the tail of an angry horse beating itself on the sides.

Bitter cold

Paustovsky describes amazing cases in his story. "Warm Bread" tells about the fierce cold that fell to the ground after Filkin's rude words. The winter that year was warm, the water near the mill did not freeze, and then such a frost burst out that all the wells in Berezhki froze to the very bottom, and the river was covered with a thick crust of ice. Now all the people in the village were waiting for the inevitable death of starvation, because Pankrat could not grind flour in his mill.

Old legend

Further, Konstantin Paustovsky tells about the old legend. "Warm bread" through the mouth of old Filka's grandmother describes the events that happened in the village a hundred years ago. Then the crippled soldier knocked on the door of a wealthy peasant and asked for food. The sleepy and angry owner threw a piece of stale bread on the floor in response and ordered the veteran to pick up the thrown "treat" himself. The soldier picked up the bread and saw that it was completely covered with green mold, and it was impossible to eat it. Then offended person went out into the yard, whistled, and an icy cold fell on the ground, and the greedy peasant died "from the cooling of his heart."

Awareness of the deed

An instructive parable was invented by Paustovsky. "Warm Bread" describes a terrible confusion that occurred in the soul of a frightened boy. He realized his mistake and asked his grandmother if he and the rest of the people had any hope of salvation. The old woman replied that everything would be all right if the person who had done evil repented. The boy realized that he needed to make peace with the offended horse, and at night, when his grandmother fell asleep, he ran to the miller.

The path to repentance

"Filka's path was not easy," writes Paustovsky. The writer tells that the boy had to overcome a fierce cold, such that even the air seemed frozen, and he could not breathe. At the miller's house, Filka could no longer run and only waddled heavily over the snowdrifts. Sensing the boy, a wounded horse neighed in the barn. Filka got scared, sat down, but then Pankrat opened the door, saw the child, dragged him by the collar into the hut and put him by the stove. With tears, Filka told the miller everything. He called the boy "a senseless citizen" and told him to come up with a way out of this situation in an hour and a quarter.

Invented way

Then Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich plunges his hero into deep reflections. In the end, the boy decided in the morning to gather all the village children on the river and start chopping ice with them near the mill. Then water will flow, the ring can be turned, the device warms up and starts grinding flour. Thus, flour and water will again appear in the village. The miller doubted that the guys would want to pay for Filkin's nonsense with their hump, but promised that he would talk to the local old people so that they would go out on the ice.

Getting rid of the cold

K.G. Paustovsky draws a wonderful picture of joint labor in his work (the stories of this author are especially expressive). It tells how all the children and old people went out to the river and began to chop the ice. Bonfires blazed around, axes rattled, and with universal efforts people defeated the cold. True, a warm summer wind, which suddenly blew from the south, also helped. The talkative magpie, who heard the conversation between Filka and the miller, and then flew away in an unknown direction, bowed to everyone and told that it was she who managed to save the village. She seemed to have flown into the mountains, found a warm wind there, woke him up and brought him with her. However, no one, except for the crows, understood the magpie, therefore, its merits remained unknown to people.

Reconciliation with a horse

Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" is a wonderful example of prose for children. In it, the writer told about how the little rude man learned to do good deeds and watch his words. After the water reappeared on the river, the ring of the mill turned, and freshly ground flour flowed into the sacks. From it, the women kneaded a sweet, tight dough and baked fragrant bread from it. The smell of ruddy pastries with cabbage leaves burnt to the bottom was such that even the foxes crawled out of their holes in the hope of eating them. And the guilty Filka, together with the guys, came to Pankrat to put up with the wounded horse. He was holding a loaf in his hands fresh bread, and the tiny boy Nikolka carried after him a large wooden container of salt. At first, the horse backed away and did not want to accept the gift, but Filka cried so desperately that the animal had mercy and took the fragrant bread from the boy's hands. When the wounded horse had eaten, he put his head on Filka's shoulder and closed his eyes in pleasure and satiety. Peace was restored and spring returned to the village.

Bread symbol

Paustovsky called "Warm bread" one of his favorite compositions. The genre of the work can be defined as a parable about basic Christian values. The symbol of bread plays a key role in it. If black human ingratitude can be compared with a stale crust of moldy bread, then kindness and spiritual generosity - with a sweet and fresh loaf. The boy who carelessly threw the cut piece into the snow had done a very bad deed. He not only offended the wounded horse, but also neglected the product created by hard work. For this, Filka was punished. Only the threat of starvation helped him understand that even a stale piece of bread should be treated with respect.

Collective responsibility

Schoolchildren study the story "Warm Bread" (Paustovsky) in the fifth grade. Analyzing this work, children often wonder why the whole village had to answer for the bad deed of one boy. The answer lies in the story itself. The fact is that Filka suffered from extreme egocentrism and did not notice anyone around. He was unkind to his grandmother and disdainful to friends. And only the threat hanging over all the inhabitants of the village helped the boy feel responsible for the fate of other people. When the guys came to the aid of the gloomy and mistrustful Filka, they melted not only the river, but also his icy heart. Therefore, the summer wind blew over the Berezhki even before the boy made peace with the horse.

The role of nature in the work

In the story "Warm Bread" (Paustovsky), the analysis of which is presented in this article, the mighty forces of nature play an important role. At the very beginning of the work, it is said that the winter in the village was warm, the snow melted before reaching the ground, and the river near the mill did not freeze. Warm weather remained in Berezhki as long as they fed and pitied the wounded horse. However, Filka's harsh words and bad behavior aroused great anger in nature. Instantly, a fierce cold came, which bound the river and deprived people of hope for food. The boy had to overcome first the cold in his soul, then the cold outside in order to atone for his guilt. And only when people all went out on the ice to save the village, a fresh summer breeze blew as a symbol of Filka's spiritual rebirth.

The power of a word

K.G. Paustovsky was a real Christian. The writer's stories are imbued with kindness and love for people. In the work "Warm Bread" he showed how important it is to follow not only your actions, but also your words. Filka's cruel phrase, which rang in the air, made everything around him freeze, because the boy, without realizing it, had committed a terrible evil. After all, it is from human callousness and indifference that the most serious crimes arise, which, with a different attitude, could have been prevented. Filka did not need words to apologize to the offended horse, he actually proved that he had repented of his own act. And the boy's sincere tears finally atoned for his guilt - now he will never dare to be cruel and indifferent.

Real and fabulous

Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich skillfully combined fabulous and real motives in his creations. For example, in "Warm Bread" there are ordinary heroes: Pankrat, Filka, his grandmother, the rest of the village. And invented: magpie, the forces of nature. The events that take place in the work can also be divided into real and fabulous. For example, the fact that Filka offended the horse, asked Pankrat about how to fix what he had done, broke the ice on the river with the guys and made peace with the animal, there is nothing unusual. But the magpie, which brings with it the summer wind, and the cold that has befallen the village at the call of an angry horse, are clearly out of bounds. ordinary life... All events in the work are organically intertwined with each other, creating a single picture. Thanks to this, "Warm Bread" can be called both a fairy tale and an instructive story at the same time.

Old words

Folklore motives are actively used in his work by Paustovsky. "Warm bread", the content of which is full of old words and expressions, confirms this. The meaning of many archaisms is not familiar to modern children. For example, people who beg for alms were called Christians in Russia. This word was never considered offensive, everyone gave to those in need as much as he could. However, in the story it takes on a negative connotation, because Filka offended the wounded horse, actually calling him a beggar.

Other archaisms are often used in the story: "cap", "battle", "faded", "noshkodil", "treukh", "yar", "osokori" and others. They give the work a special flavor, bring it closer to folk fairy-tale motives.

Sin and repentance

You must be held accountable for bad deeds. Paustovsky speaks about this in his story. "Warm bread", the heroes of which were able to defeat the cold, testifies that they coped with the cold that reigned in the soul little boy... At first, Filka was simply frightened, but did not realize the depth of his guilt. The boy's grandmother probably guessed what had happened, but did not scold him, but told him instructive tale, because the child himself had to realize his mistake. Pankrat taught Filka one more lesson - he made him think of a way out of this situation on his own. Only by sincere repentance and hard work did the boy manage to win forgiveness. higher powers... Good again defeated evil, and the thawed soul of the child warmed the crust of fresh bread with its warmth.

Conclusion

World literature knows many stories with a fascinating plot and an instructive end. One of them was invented by Paustovsky ("Warm bread"). Reviews about this work indicate that Konstantin Georgievich managed to touch the hearts of his little readers and convey to them important concepts of mercy, love for one's neighbor and responsibility. In an accessible form, the writer described the consequences that rash actions and offensive words can lead to. After all the main character the story did not want to harm anyone, but made a serious blunder. At the very end of the story, it is said that Filka is not an evil boy, and sincerely regrets his deed. And the ability to admit your mistakes and be responsible for them is one of the most important human qualities.

In winter, cavalrymen passed by a village and left a war horse wounded in the leg. The miller Pankrat is an animal, and the horse, in gratitude, helped him to repair the mill dam - the winter was harsh, and people were running out of torment. The village was threatened by famine. Once the horse reached out to Filka, who was eating a piece of bread, but the boy shouted at him and threw the bread far into the snow. At that moment, a terrible blizzard flew into the village, which subsided only in the evening, leaving behind a river, frozen to the very bottom.

The residents of the village were threatened with starvation by the frozen river - after all, the mill could not work and grind flour without water.

Realizing the consequences of his act, Filka ran to repent to his grandmother, who told him about a case a hundred years ago, when a similar situation happened in the village after a local rude man offended an old kaleka. As a result, the land became a desert - the gardens stopped blooming, the forests dried up, and animals and birds scattered in all directions. Filka decided to correct his mistake and went to Pankrat, who was reputed to be a cunning and learned man.

The denouement of the Paustovsky fairy tale

Miller Pankrat advised Filka to invent salvation from the fierce cold, making amends to the horse. Filka thought for a long time and finally came up with an idea - he asked the villagers for help in splitting the frozen river. Work began to boil, as a result of the efforts made, people managed to get to the water and turn the mill wheel. Pankrat was able to start grinding flour, and the village was saved from severe hunger. However, Filka was still tormented by guilt in front of the undeservedly offended horse.

In the evening, all the inhabitants of the village, to celebrate, baked sweet, fragrant ruddy bread, which Filka carried to the horse. Having broken a loaf, he handed it to the animal, but he backed away from the offender. The boy was afraid that he would not receive forgiveness and wept bitterly, but the miller Pankrat calmed the horse and explained to him that Filka was not angry and understood a lot. The horse took bread from the hands of the offender, and the boy turned from a callous person into a person with a kind heart.

This tale teaches people to be sympathetic, kind and able to step over their pride in order to ask for forgiveness.

In the fairy tale "Warm Bread" intertwined relationships of people who should be able to take responsibility for their actions, correcting the evil they caused. Everything in our world, so that later you do not have to untie the tightly twisted knots, you need to have the courage to pull the thread at the very beginning and dissolve, while there is still a small tangle of resentments.