Orange home tree: potted. Orange tree (photo)

Many of us remember well the times when every self-respecting housewife tried to grow a real lemon at home: she took care of the plant, watered and pruned it over the years, hoping to pick the cherished fruit. But everything is changing, and sweeter citrus fruits have replaced the traditional lemon - today we'll talk about how to grow orange tree at home.

If we talk about the irrigation regime, then indoor orange does not differ much from its wild relatives, preferring moderate watering: the plant should not be poured, but drying out the earthen coma will not benefit it. In the autumn winter periodwhen the majority indoor plants are at rest, watering should be significantly reduced, moistening the soil once every 7 days, or even less often - 2 times a month.

The homemade orange tree is a light-loving plant - to make the plant bloom, and eventually bear fruit, it must be provided with sufficient sunlight. Matured plants can easily tolerate direct rays, but young, immature oranges, it is better to protect them from the burning sunlight.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that an orange at home is best placed on a warmed, heated loggia facing the southeast or south side.

Orange tree care

The care of the orange tree is largely due to its homeland - this plant came to us from the subtropics, therefore, it does not like excessively high temperatures. In summer, the culture feels great if the temperature range is maintained at the level of 20-24 degrees Celsius, however, homemade orange is able to withstand short-term increases and up to +30 degrees without loss. With the arrival of winter temperature regime need to be adjusted in accordance with the season, and reduced to 14 degrees Celsius.

When growing an orange tree, it is important to provide it with proper care: it should be sprayed daily at home. It is especially important to adhere to this requirement in summer, when the air around it warms up to a temperature of +25 degrees and above. If it is cool indoors, spraying an orange at home is carried out much less often - about 1-2 times in 7 days. With the onset of winter, this procedure should be completely abandoned - otherwise, leaf decay can be provoked.

How to care for an orange so that the plant can feel comfortable and delight you with fruits? Everything is very simple - it is enough to ensure his existence in accordance with conditions close to his historical homeland:

• with the arrival of spring, as soon as you notice the first signs of the imminent appearance of buds, raise the temperature to +18 degrees;
• for the whole summer, a pot with an orange tree can be carried out fresh air, providing him with regular watering and spraying, not forgetting to shade from direct sunlight (especially important for those specimens that are not yet 3 years old);
• the orange tree is extremely sensitive to the slightest changes in environmental conditions - from fluctuations in humidity levels to the position of the plant relative to the light source. Try not to turn the pot more than once every 10 days, and no more than 10 degrees.

Fertilization and watering

1 time in 14 days you need to feed an orange - at home ideal option will become a comprehensive remedy for citrus crops. To take care of the plant, in accordance with the stated feeding rules, should be done during the growing season (from May to September). From the first days of October, any feeding should be stopped - in the winter, the orange lives in some kind of suspended animation, being in a state of complete rest.

It is also important to ensure the optimal level of moisture - if it is insufficient, the plant can dry out the tips of the leaves. As for root watering, the earthen lump should be kept slightly moistened, avoiding excessive stagnation of moisture or, conversely, drying out.

Pruning and shaping the crown

Unless pruned regularly, an orange will usually not flower. Moreover, the crown of such a plant has an unattractive appearance. A blooming orange must go through all the stages of formation: flowers are formed only on branches of a certain age and order. In other words, if the crown is not formed, and the tree grows uncut, the plant will not bloom.

Active crown formation occurs before the tree reaches 3 years. Have young plant you should leave a few of the strongest shoots of the first order, shortening them to 20 cm in length, and trim all the rest. The branches of the second order are shortened by the same length, and the third and fourth order involves pruning only 5 cm. That's all, the formation of the crown is almost over. You just have to remove weak shoots at the beginning of each next year, gradually giving the orange crown the desired shape and a proper look.

Transfer

During the first 3 years of life, the tree should be transplanted into a larger container annually, then this procedure is carried out once every 3 years.

Try not to transplant a fruiting orange at the time of the formation of ovaries and pouring the fruits - it is better to carry out this procedure before the beginning of the growing season. Moving your orange into new pot, do not forget about the organization of a high-quality drainage layer.

Protection against diseases and pests

Regardless of how old your tree has been growing, it is equally likely to be attacked by pests or disease-causing infections. True, weakened plants that were not provided with more often get sick. optimal conditions existence. If we talk about diseases, then the greatest danger to oranges is root rot, scab, sooty fungus. All of them are provoked by excessive watering, therefore, in order to prevent the development of ailments, you need to adhere to the recommendations for care.

If we talk about pests, then the most frequent "guest" on oranges is the annoying scale insect. If you notice signs of her presence, immediately spray the tree with the appropriate insecticide.

As you can see, growing an orange at home is not at all difficult, you just need to follow the recommendations of professionals, and your citrus pet will live next to you for many years, delighting you with its fragrant flowers and delicious fruits.

The most beneficial effect of orange blossom tea is on nervous system person. Today in Europe teas with orange blossom are considered one of the most effective natural remedies for insomnia and nervous tension.

Unfortunately, you probably won't be able to make tea with orange flowers on your own. Well, the orange tree does not grow in our latitudes. Of course, you can use, but there are not many flowers on such a tree. You can go on vacation to a hot southern country and stock up on orange blossom there. However, even in this case, you are unlikely to succeed, because orange flowers must be properly dried, otherwise they will not bring any benefit.

However, you should not despair. Fortunately, there are many tea companies in the world that produce ready-made teas with orange flowers. Today in Russia the easiest way to buy the following brands of teas with orange flowers.

All professional orange blossom teas can be divided into two groups. The first includes teas in which orange flowers are only food additives to tea, for example, black or green. The second group includes teas that are exactly flower teas without tea addition in the traditional sense of the word.

Orange blossom teas as an additive

TeaHelios "Tea Orange with Flowers"

Brand teaHelios« TeaOrangewithFlowers”Is a black tea with orange blossom added. It is recommended to brew this tea like regular black tea.

Constellation of love tea

Constellation of Love tea is produced by the Finnish company Aaro Forsman. "Constellation of Love" is green tea with orange and hibiscus flowers, as well as papaya and apple pieces.

Mabrok tea "1001 nights"

Tea from the world famous Ceylon company "Mabroc Teas (PVT) Ltd" is an amazing blend of black and green tea with the addition of rose petals, orange flowers, sunflower and cornflower, as well as natural extract from strawberries.

Orange Flower Tea

Tea " Orange flower"Elitchai brand includes semi-fermented Chinese oolong, or red tea, orange flowers, etc.

Correct brewing of this tea requires two teaspoons of dry tea in 300 ml of water, boiling water and five minutes of time. Only if all these conditions are met, the "Orange Flower" tea will turn out to be golden in color, sweet in taste and will smell like a blooming orange.

Floral orange teas

TeaSidroga - "Orange Blossoms"

The company "Sidroga" is a German-Swiss company specializing in the production of natural teas. Orange Blossom tea is available in portioned sachets.

Curiously, the taste of Orange Blossom tea depends on how many times it is brewed. The specialists of the company "Sidroga»Recommend to brew this tea three times. All three times hot water, but not with boiling water. The brewing time is five minutes.

After the first brewing, Orange Blossom tea has a thick honey aroma. After the second brewing, the aroma of the tea becomes more delicate. After the third time, it fully matches the scent of a blooming orange tree.

In addition to Orange Blossom tea, Sidroga produces another type of tea, which also includes flowers... This is tea “Cidroga Apple with Cinnamon. Wellness ".

Tea “Cidroga Apple with Cinnamon. Wellness ”is prepared on the basis of dry apples, orange flowers, hibiscus and cinnamon. Just like Orange Blossom tea, this tea is indispensable for nervous overstrain and stress.

Fleurs d'Oranger Orange Blossom Tea

Fleurs d'Oranger Orange Blossom tea includes red orange flowers. The tea is supplied in tea bags and must be brewed with hot water.

general information

Orange is a very common and ancient citrus plant. The orange tree is not found in the wild. Presumably, the orange began to be cultivated around 4000 BC. in Southeast Asia. In ancient chronicles, he is mentioned earlier than others. citrus plants... In China, orange trees were cultivated as early as 220 BC. Later, this culture spread to Egypt, North Africa, and the Mediterranean countries. The first Europeans to taste the orange were the soldiers of Alexander the Great. In Europe, since the XI century, at first it was grown sour orangebrought by the Moors to the Mediterranean. Later, in the 15th century, an orange tree with sweet fruits was brought from Palestine by the Portuguese crusaders, therefore for a long time they were called "Portuguese fruits". At first, sweet orange was planted only in the gardens of aristocrats. They paid a lot of money to have an orange tree with sweet and not sour fruits. Juicy beautiful oranges were enjoyed by noble people and were served as an exquisite delicacy. Orange trees, planted in tubs, adorned the gardens of the noble nobility in the summer, and for the winter they were removed to specially built rooms - greenhouses (oranges). Orange in French is "orange"; this name comes from the Arabic "naranji", which means "golden". French gardeners of the Renaissance managed to sugar orange fruits directly on the branches so that the nobles, walking in the garden, could feast on ready-made candied fruits, removing them from the orange tree. The orange tree came to America in 1493, during the second voyage of Christopher Columbus to the shores of the New World. The delicious fruits of the orange were very much liked by the Aboriginal Indians, and during their migrations across the vastness of America they lost the grains of the orange, which unwittingly contributed to its spread. There are many amusing legends associated with the orange. One of them assures that it was not an apple, but an orange that was the very forbidden fruit that caused the expulsion of our ancestors from paradise. When Eve, succumbing to the temptation of the tempting serpent, ate the orange fruit from the tree of knowledge and offered Adam to taste it, the archangels blew their trumpets and showered her head with snow-white, fragrant orange blossom flowers. But then followed by "justice". Adam and Eve were driven out of the Garden of Eden, and a cherubic doorkeeper was placed at the entrance to prevent their return. In the Middle Ages, artists in their paintings often depicted an orange as a forbidden fruit, and only later an apple. Fragrant white orange flowers were a symbol of chastity and purity of brides of the last century. And to this day in many countries of the world during wedding celebration The bride's head is traditionally decorated with a wreath of delicate, fragrant orange flowers. In Russia, orange fruits were first tasted in the 17th century and appreciated the taste and aroma of "golden apples". Growing an orange is also of interest to indoor gardening lovers. But the orange plant is quite whimsical and, without enough experience, it is not so easy to achieve its fruiting in the room. Indoor varieties there is relatively little orange, but they all give wonderful fruits, varied in the range of flavors, colors and sizes. The most widespread and well-proven old, good-quality Washington Navel orange variety. It belongs to the so-called "navel" indoor oranges. Umbilical indoor oranges are usually the largest and sweetest. They have marks on the lower part of the fruit, slightly protruding from the rind of the second underdeveloped fruit. Among the indoor sweet varieties of indoor orange, there are also the so-called "red" oranges. This variety of indoor orange is smaller in size and has a reddish color of very juicy pulp. These include the following varieties of oranges: Doblefina, Tomango. Interesting is the thin-skinned Temple orange, bred by breeders as a result of crossing a red orange and a mandarin. The fruit of this orange tree is distinguished by its high taste. In the collections of botanical gardens and experienced amateur citrus growers, there are other orange varieties suitable for growing in a room: Valencia, Gamlin, Gomosasa, Parson Brown. Less common in indoor gardening are orange tree hybrids with lemon (limonange) and tangerine (tangor), but the cultivation of these fruiting indoor citrus trees is of undoubted interest for citrus growers. The content of indoor orange is not much different from the traditional indoor lemon.

Landing (transplant)

For this purpose, take a pot made of any material, the main thing is that the top diameter should not exceed 10-15 cm, the height is approximately the same. There should be one or more small holes at the bottom of the pot to drain excess water when watering. At the bottom of the pot, which can be a plastic bucket, a wooden, ceramic, glass container, place expanded clay as drainage, or sand, and best of all, charcoal, which can be taken from an extinct fire in the forest, in a city park. The thickness of the drain should not exceed 3-5 cm. Then sprinkle the drain with a little wet sand. To transplant an orange seedling, you need a specially prepared soil such as "Orange", it is presented in our section "Soils and fertilizers for indoor plants" - "Soils for indoor plants". Or prepare the soil yourself: the land for replanting must be taken in the forest or in the park, under the old deciduous treesexcept for oak, chestnut and poplar. It is necessary to take only the upper, most fertile layer of soil, 5-10 cm thick. Add sand to this land, preferably river, a little ash, more humus, if available. The proportion is as follows: two cups of deciduous earth, a glass of sand, three tablespoons of humus and one tablespoon of ash. Stir all this in any bowl, add a little water to get a thick creamy mass that fills the entire volume of the pot well, leaving no air voids near the orange roots. After six months, the orange must be transplanted into a pot 5 cm larger in diameter. Spray the planted orange tree and pour it with a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate), and then place it on a pre-prepared window sill, bay window or balcony so that the surface of the orange leaves is directed towards the light. Young orange plants should be replanted annually at the end of winter; adult orange plants - in 3-4 years, using the transshipment method.

Reproduction

Indoor orange is propagated mainly by grafting on seedlings or by air layers, since cuttings are difficult to root, and in some varieties they do not root at all. Ponzirus tripoliate cannot be used as an orange rootstock, as due to its biological features it is completely unsuitable for indoor citrus cultivation. A beginner citrus grower should keep in mind that, having sown a seed of any kind of indoor orange and growing a fruit-bearing tree from it, he will have to wait a very long time for the harvest - most often 10-15 years. The resulting orange fruits are likely to be of low quality, because in this case varietal traits, as a rule, are not inherited. therefore seed reproduction orange is not recommended.

Lighting

The orange tree should be kept on a southern sunny window.In summer, it is recommended to take the orange out into the open air - in the garden, on the veranda, on the balcony, placing it in a place protected from the wind. It should be remembered that with a lack of sunlight, the fruit of the orange tree has increased acidity. In winter, when there is little light and the daylight hours are short, the orange plant needs to be illuminated, increasing the length of the day to 10-12 hours. During this period, if there is such an opportunity, it is better to keep the indoor orange at a lower air temperature, which will have a beneficial effect on the spring flowering of the orange tree.

Air temperature

Indoor orange is more cold-hardy and photophilous than lemon. Only a south-facing window is suitable for keeping an orange tree - this is fundamentally important, since on the north side the orange tree develops more slowly and gives a few fruits of a sour taste. The orange loves direct sunlight, especially during the ripening period. With enough heat and light, orange fruits become sweeter. In summer, it is advisable to take the orange tree out into the open air - this will provide it best growth and development. But, in the early days, especially at noon, the orange tree needs to be darkened with gauze so that the orange leaves do not suffer from sunburn.

Watering

The orange should be watered as the topsoil dries out, preventing the clod of earth in the pot from completely drying out. To determine the moisture content of the soil, do not be too lazy to take a little surface layer of soil with three fingers every day and squeeze it. If the earth sticks together, then you don't need to water; if it crumbles under your fingers, then it's time to water. You need to monitor the condition of the soil every day (especially in summer) so that the entire earthen lump does not dry out in the pot from the high temperature and bright sun. The question of where to get water for irrigation, and what it should be, is also very difficult and therefore we will dwell on it in detail. In a city apartment drinking water practically unsuitable for watering citrus plants, since it contains a large amount of compounds of alkaline earth metals and chlorine, which together, and each individually, cause great harm to the orange, causing leaf spot (chlorosis) of the leaves, alkalizing the soil, and disrupt metabolic processes. Many authors recommend boiling water from the tap, but this does not always immediately lead to desired result, unnecessary hassle often scares off potential lovers of window fruit growing, so I recommend taking hot water from the tap. This water contains less chlorine and is softer. In addition, water for irrigation must be defended for at least a day open vessel for the complete removal of chlorine, which is extremely harmful to citrus fruits. In a rural house, water can be taken from a well, but it is better from a lake or stream and left in the room for heating. Rainwater now contains a lot of harmful impurities, so do not collect it to water your orange tree. In any case, wherever the water is taken, it must be left for at least a day in an open vessel at room temperature and only then water the orange. In winter, the orange is at rest, its growth processes are inhibited and, accordingly, it requires less water. Therefore, the intervals between watering should be increased.

Spraying

It should be well remembered that in addition to watering, the orange, at least once a day, especially in summer, should be sprayed with water from a spray bottle or in any other way to create moisture, to wash off dust from orange branches, so that the orange tree leaves "breathe". At least once a month, it is advisable to put an orange tree in a bath, cover plastic wrap soil in a pot and treat the entire crown with cotton wool and soapy foam. Then you don't have to do heavy pest control. At the same time, do not forget to tie the stem of the orange tree below with gauze or a bandage so that the soapy water is absorbed into the fabric and does not get into the soil.

Fertilizer

In winter, the orange is not fed; in the spring and summer, the orange is fed - once every two weeks. Any feeding should be done only the next day after watering, i.e. when the soil in the pot is wet, otherwise you can burn the roots. Pour fertilizer under the plant until the solution starts to flow out of drain holes... To feed an orange seedling, fertilizer of the "Orange" type is necessary, it is presented on our website "Soils and fertilizers for indoor plants" - "Fertilizers for indoor plants". Top dressing with fish ear of adult plants, at least one meter high, once a month enhance the fruiting of the orange tree. They make it like this: 200 grams of fish waste or small unsalted fish are boiled in two liters of water for half an hour. Then dilute the solution cold water and filter through cheesecloth. This fertilizer must be used in conjunction with the above mentioned fertilizer "Orange".

Pests

Enemies for an orange are sucking and gnawing pests, as well as fungi and viruses. The most common pests are: spider mite; shield (false shield). The fight against them is carried out by chemical and biological preparations, which are more acceptable in open soil of subtropics and greenhouses. It is advisable not to use pesticides in apartments. Signs of spider mite damage are as follows: white dots appear on the underside of old leaves, and the reddish mite itself is visible to the naked eye. If you touch it, it starts to move quickly. Young orange leaves are rolled into a "boat" and entwined with white cobwebs. To combat the tick, tobacco dust, garlic, and laundry soap are used. Take 1 tablespoon of tobacco dust and pour a glass of boiling water over, insist for 6 days. Add 10 grams to the resulting tincture laundry soap and spray the plant 3 times with an interval of 6 days. Garlic is used as follows: knead one head of garlic, pour in a glass hot water and insist for 2 days. The solution is filtered and spraying is carried out in the same way as above. When an orange is damaged by a scabbard, brown-gray shiny rounded formations, 3-5 mm in diameter, are visible on the surface of young and old leaves. They are placed along the veins above and below the leaf, as well as on the branches themselves. In the initial stage, these growths are almost transparent, whitish and poorly visible. With a strong lesion, a sticky gum appears on the surface of old orange leaves, and in the later stage they become covered with a black sticky bloom, which is very difficult to wash off with water. Water-oil emulsions effectively help from the scale insect. Stir one teaspoon of machine oil in one glass warm water, add 40 grams of laundry soap, 2 tablespoons of washing powder. Before processing, cover the soil in a pot with plastic wrap, the stem is tied at the bottom with a bandage. This is done to prevent the emulsion from entering the soil. Processing is done with a cotton or gauze swab. The water-oil emulsion is applied to all surfaces of orange branches and leaves. After 3-4 hours, rinse everything under the shower, making sure that the emulsion does not get into the soil. To carry out processing 3 times with an interval of 6 days.

Orange blossom belongs to the rutaceae family. how wild plant growers do not know. As for the homeland of origin, most scholars lean towards southern China. The main cultivation areas are Mediterranean, Middle and South America, South Africa, East Asia, Australia. In Russia, the more famous and often used name is "orange", which comes from German, which means "Chinese apple".

Orange blossom belongs to an evergreen tree, some species have thorns. At home, it can reach 2-2.5 meters. The leaves are dark green in color, rounded at the base and with a pointed tip, elongated oval. Has 2-3 growth periods. The leaves of the plant live for about 3 years. Orange blossom bisexual, white, 5-lobed, in the axils with brushes or singly. In the crown of an orange tree, fruits are formed on the shoots of the flowing year. The main crop is taken from branches of 4-6 orders of magnitude. Unlike lemon orange blossom more light-loving and thermophilic. When forming fruit, it especially needs a light location.

Orange fruits have a spherical shape, have a dessert flavor, dense orange peel and fragrant, juicy sweet and sour pulp. Orange fruits contain sugars lemon acid, vitamins, pectin and nitrogenous substances, fiber, carbohydrates, phytoncides, minerals (potassium, calcium, phosphorus), and in the peel of the fruit - essential oils... Orange seedlings are used as a rootstock for lemons. Oranges do not have a clearly defined dormant period; therefore, they simultaneously grow, blossom and bear fruit throughout the year. Like lemons, they have 2-3 growth periods during the summer.

All varieties of oranges grown in the world are differentiated by the color of the fruit (yellow, red), as well as by the rate of fruit ripening (early, mid-early, late). The following varieties are most suitable for home culture: Gamlin, Korolek, Pavlovsky, Washington-Navel. The last two are especially common. Washington-Navel is an early maturing variety with oval or spherical fruits with orange-yellow or orange-red smooth or rough skin and orange flesh. This variety reproduces well by cuttings. Plants grown from cuttings bear fruit the next year.

In comparison with others citrus orange more photophilous, it is better to place it near the south window. The plant can overwinter in the room, but it is better to give it a rest at a temperature of 6-8 ° C. Orange does not withstand excessive soil moisture, requires regular watering. In the summer you need to water abundantly, but avoid stagnant water, in winter watering is limited, especially if the plant hibernates at a low temperature.

At a temperature of about 0 ° C, when the plants are dormant, they tolerate almost complete shade for 3-4 months without any damage. Such a significant shade tolerance of oranges in winter time helps their safe breeding in rooms. Orange blossom has the main pests: aphids and scale insects.

It first appeared in China more than two decades ago. It was brought to Europe by the Portuguese, and today this popular citrus fruit can be found on the streets of many coastal cities with subtropical climatic conditions both on our continent and on the American, Australian, etc.

Today it is fashionable to grow various exotic plants, including the orange tree, which will not only perfectly decorate any interior, but will also be fragrant, conveying its tart and pleasant smell.

And how nice it is to watch how it grows, blooms and bear fruit! Just a little patience, a little effort - and the orange tree will more than thank the owner with lush color and delicious orange "balls".

The method of growing such a non-standard plant in the house, although not entirely simple, is possible. You just need to eat delicious fruit, take the bones out of it, and then put them in a small pot, which must be immediately put in a warm, sun-deliberate place.

Once a day, you need to water the future orange tree, the care of which involves daily watering for rapid seed germination.

Approximately fifteen days later, the first shoots appear, on which, as a rule, there are one or two leaves.

When a tree about fifteen centimeters high will already grow in the pot, you need to think about transplanting it. To improve subsequent growth, experts advise transplanting the sprout into a deeper container.

It is very useful to periodically fertilize the soil, you can sometimes water the orange tree at home with the usual tea leaves left over from the tea.

Gradually, the exotic guest begins to gain height, and when she has already reached half a meter in height, you can tie her to some peg stuck in a pot.

After waiting for the orange tree to finally get stronger, you can start the grafting process, which is necessary for the plant to develop normally and bear fruit at home.

It is necessary to remember that the grafting must be done from another tree, which has already given fruit several times. In order for the plant to develop normally and begin to delight with its orange fruits, it is necessary to organize artificial irrigation, as well as periodically feed it with special fertilizers, which are now widely sold in specialized stores. Moreover, such dressings, according to experts, greatly improve the taste of fruits, which are somewhat bitter under indoor cultivation conditions.

However, home plant lovers need to know that the orange tree is a rather whimsical plant that requires very careful care. And it's not a fact that it will delight its owner with fruits earlier than ten years later, and sometimes the tree may not bear fruit at all.

But do not despair, all the more so as to watch how the planted grows green and rises with my own hands a tree is a huge and incomparable satisfaction.