Heating systems for country and country houses. Boilers, gas water heaters, water heaters - Repair, service, operation

Despite the fact that today the networks of housing and communal services are being modernized everywhere, the quality of the services they supply remains at a low level. This is especially true for hot water supply. To solve this problem, you should purchase a gas water heater once and for all. However, you first need to decide which model will suit you better than the rest.

Modern manufacturers offer these devices in a wide range. They have certain operational and technical characteristics. Columns can be classified into flow-through and storage. As for the former, they are smaller in size, which allows them to be installed even in a small room. Accumulative gas water heaters can hold from 50 to 500 liters of water.

The capacity in the structure has effective thermal insulation, which allows you to maintain high fever water for a long time, this helps to save energy. If you still cannot decide which gas water heater to choose, then you can pay attention to the equipment under the Astra brand, which will be discussed below. Such devices are good not only because they are made on the territory of Russia, which means that they have an acceptable cost, but also because of their maintainability. This indicates that in the event of a breakdown with a malfunction, you can figure it out yourself.

Reviews about gas water heaters "Astra"

If you want to save twice, then you should purchase a water heater domestic production... These are just the gas columns "Astra". Consumers choose them for an affordable cost, but this plus cannot be called the only one. The units operate on liquefied and natural gas. Customers also like high level safety that the manufacturer took care of. After all, if the ignition burner goes out, then the water supply for heating will stop, this also applies to the automatic gas supply.

Such water heaters act as optimal solution for household use... Customers also love the ease of use and maintenance. You don't have to spend money on this. Appearance design is attractive, the body has a modern and stylish design... Any manufacturer's gas water heater can be fitted into the interior of the room. Gas water heaters"Astra", in the opinion of buyers, is offered for sale in a wide range. That is why you can choose the most the best option that will meet the requirements and preferences of the consumer.

Specifications VPG 8910-00.02

If you are interested in the Astra gas water heaters, then you should consider several models at once so that you have the opportunity to make right choice... Among others, the model VPG 8910-00.02, which is manufactured in Russia, is presented on the market. Its power can reach 21 kW. The design is equipped with an open combustion chamber and manual ignition.

The hot water supply capacity is 12 l / min. The supply water can have a temperature that varies from 35 to 60 ° C. During operation, the column consumes natural gas in a volume of 2.3 m 3 / h. The maximum water pressure can be 6 bar. The lowest working water pressure is equivalent to 0.5 bar.

Gas connection is carried out using communications that have the following parameters: 3/4 inch. Hot and cold water produced with 1/2 inch pipes. The chimney diameter reaches 120 mm. If you are considering Astra gas water heaters, then you should definitely be interested in their dimensions. As for the model described in the section, its dimensions are equal to 700x372x230 mm. The equipment weighs 15 kg.

Technical characteristics of the column brand VPG 8910-08.02

In order to make the right choice, there are several models to consider. Among others, a variant of the VPG 8910-08.02 is presented on the market, the power of which reaches 18 kW. The design has an open combustion chamber and by hand ignition. The performance of this model is slightly less and amounts to 10 l / min. The temperature of the supplied water remains at the same level, but the fuel consumption will be slightly lower and amount to 2 m 3 / h. Minimum and maximum operating pressure the waters remain the same. The connection is carried out with the same parameters. The diameter of the chimney remains the same. The body of the design has identical parameters.

Technical characteristics of the geyser of the VPG 8910-15 brand

This gas water heater "Astra 8910" has a power of 18 kW. Electric ignition is carried out from batteries. The water capacity is 10 l / min. Consumption natural gas is 2 m 3 / h. The chimney diameter in this case is somewhat different, it is equivalent to 135 mm. This product comes with a two-year warranty.

Technical characteristics of the geyser of the VPG 8910-16 brand

The power of this equipment reaches 21 kW. Electric ignition is carried out from batteries. The hot water capacity is slightly higher, it is equal to 12 l / min. Natural gas consumption remains the same as in the first of the models described above, this parameter reaches 2.3 m 3 / h. The chimney diameter is 135 mm. The equipment weighs 15 kg.

Why you should choose gas water heaters "Astra": reviews

Among the main advantages of the equipment described in the article, consumers distinguish:

• lack of unnecessary functionality;
• reliability;
• the ability to easily customize the operation of the equipment;
• high productivity;
• simple device;
• ease of use.

The equipment, according to consumers, is maintainable. All spare parts can be found in service workshops. And the column itself is quite cheap. Customers are particularly fond of the large combustion chambers, with some models reaching 20 kW.

The traction control for the 8910 is self-adjusting. The thermostat in this version is located at the bottom. The smoke exhaust pipe is wide enough, but the column regulator is located under the central fitting. The frame of the structure, according to property owners who have purchased such equipment for themselves, is very durable, so it can withstand any load.

A protection system is provided for the power supply. Using special screws, you can easily adjust the fitting. The gas water heater "Astra", the instruction manual for which is supplied in the kit, has, in the opinion of consumers, an economical fuel consumption. The design has a high quality pressure regulator. Traction can be tested very easily. The removal of combustion products is fast. In matters of safety, the column outperforms other models.

Repair of a gas water heater of the "Astra" brand

Repair of the Astra gas column begins with shutting off the gas. The column does not need to be removed. The front part is dismantled with a screwdriver, but first you need to unscrew the bolts located on the sides. The first thing to check is the economizer, it is located behind the electrode. It will be quite difficult to remove the latter. It is fixed with 4 screws. Do not touch the heat exchanger.

When you repair individual components, it is important not to touch the fitting, it is used to measure the pressure. If this part is damaged, you will have to change the head. In order to remove the economizer, only two side bolts need to be unscrewed. The consumer may well be able to make repairs with his own hands. The Astra gas water heater has contacts in the design, which are often contaminated. If they become unusable, then they need to be replaced. If the economizer does not work after replacement, then it will also have to be replaced. These malfunctions are among the main ones for the Astra speakers.

If you are faced with a problem when the Astra gas column does not light up, then this may indicate a lack of draft in the ventilation passage. Checking cravings is very simple. The geyser turns off, and a burning match should be brought to the chimney outlet. If the flame is carried away into the chimney, then everything is in order - you can connect the column. Otherwise, the chimney must be cleaned. However, it is better to entrust this matter to a special master.

The Astra gas column, the malfunctions of which must be considered by you during the operation of this equipment, sometimes goes out immediately after ignition. In this case, you should adjust the cold water supply to the column. Do not try to dilute hot and cold water, this may cause the flame to fade.

Spare parts for a gas water heater of the "Astra" brand

If you purchased the Astra 8910 gas water heater, you may need spare parts for it during operation. You need to know what their cost is. For example, a water unit will cost 1,600 rubles. The gas part costs 1,500 rubles. The magnetic plug has more low price- 205 rubles. The membrane costs 25 rubles. The repair kit for the water part costs 155 rubles, and the adjusting unit - 55 rubles.

Conclusion

If you still do not know whether it is worth purchasing an Astra brand gas column, then you should consider its features in more detail. For example, the copper heat exchanger on all models has an increased wall thickness. This provides good heat transfer from heated gases to water, which allows savings. For more convenient operation, the manufacturer has equipped the structure with a display, with which you can determine the temperature of the heated water.

These water heaters (table 133) (GOST 19910-74) are installed mainly in gasified residential buildings equipped with running water, but not having a centralized hot water supply. They provide fast (within 2 minutes) heating of water (up to a temperature of 45 ° C), continuously supplied from the water supply.
In terms of equipment with automatic and regulating devices, the devices are divided into two classes.

Table 133. TECHNICAL DATA OF APPLIANCES OF WATER-HEATING FLOW HOUSEHOLD GAS

Note. Devices of type 1 - with the removal of combustion products into the chimney, type 2 - with the removal of combustion products into the room.

Apparatus top class(B) have automatic safety and regulation devices ensuring:

b) shutdown of the main burner in the absence of vacuum in
Chimney (type 1 apparatus);
c) regulation of water consumption;
d) regulation of gas flow or pressure (natural gas only).
All units are equipped with an externally controlled ignition device, and type 2 units are additionally equipped with a temperature selector.
Devices of the first class (P) are equipped with automatic ignition devices providing:
a) gas access to the main burner only in the presence of a pilot flame and a water flow;
b) shutdown of the main burner in the absence of vacuum in the Chimney (type 1 apparatus).
The pressure of the heated water at the inlet is 0.05-0.6 MPa (0.5-6 kgf / cm²).
The devices must have gas and water filters.
Apparatuses are connected to water and gas pipelines using cap nuts or couplings with locknuts.
Conventional designation of a water heater with a rated heat load of 21 kW (18 thousand kcal / h) with combustion products discharge into a chimney, operating on gases of the 2nd category, the first class: VPG-18-1-2 (GOST 19910-74).
Flowing gas water heaters KGI, GVA and L-3 are unified and have three models: VPG-8 (flowing gas water heater); VPG-18 and VPG-25 (Table 134).

Rice. 128. Flowing gas water heater VPG-18
1 - cold water pipe; 2 - gas cock; 3 - pilot burner; 4-gas outlet device; 5 - thermocouple; 6 - solenoid valve; 7 - gas pipeline; 8 - branch pipe hot water; 9 - thrust sensor; 10 - heat exchanger; 11 - main burner; 12 - water-gas unit with a nozzle

Table 134. TECHNICAL DATA OF FLOW-FLOW UNIFIED WATER HEATERS VPG

Table 135. TECHNICAL DATA OF GAS WATER HEATERS

The names of the columns produced in Russia often contain the letters VPG: this is a water-heating device (V) flow-through (P) gas (G). The number after the letters HSV indicates heat output apparatus in kilowatts (kW). For example, VPG-23 is a flow-through gas water-heating apparatus with a thermal power of 23 kW. Thus, the name of modern speakers does not define their design.

The VPG-23 water heater was created on the basis of the VPG-18 water heater manufactured in Leningrad. Later, VPG-23 was produced in the 90s at a number of enterprises in the USSR, and then - SIG. A number of such devices are in operation. Individual units, for example, the water part, are used in some models of modern Neva columns.

The main specifications VPG-23:

• thermal power - 23 kW;
• productivity when heated to 45 ° С - 6 l / min;
• minimum water pressure - 0.5 bar:
• maximum water pressure - 6 bar.

VPG-23 consists of a gas outlet, a heat exchanger, a main burner, a valve block and an electromagnetic valve (Fig. 74).

The gas outlet serves to supply combustion products to the flue gas outlet of the column. The heat exchanger consists of an air heater and a fire chamber, surrounded by a cold water coil. The height of the VPG-23 fire chamber is less than that of the KGI-56, because the VPG burner provides better mixing of gas with air, and the gas burns with a shorter flame. A significant number of HPG columns have a heat exchanger consisting of one air heater. In this case, the walls of the fire chamber were made of steel sheet, the coil was absent, which made it possible to save copper. The main burner is multi-nozzle, it consists of 13 sections and a manifold, connected by two screws. The sections are assembled into a single whole with tie bolts. The manifold has 13 nozzles, each of which blows gas into its own section.

The block valve consists of a gas and water part, connected by three screws (Fig. 75). The gas part of the block valve consists of a body, a valve, a valve plug, a gas valve cover. A tapered liner for the gas valve plug is pressed into the body. The valve has a rubber seal on the outside diameter. A cone spring presses on it from above. The seat of the safety valve is made in the form of a brass insert pressed into the body of the gas part. The gas valve has a handle with a limiter that fixes the opening of the gas supply to the igniter. The valve plug is pressed against the tapered liner by a large spring.

There is a groove on the valve plug for gas supply to the igniter. When the valve is turned from the extreme left position by an angle of 40 °, the groove coincides with the gas supply hole, and gas begins to flow to the igniter. In order to supply gas to the main burner, the tap handle must be pressed and turned further.

The water part consists of the lower and upper covers, a Venturi nozzle, a diaphragm, a plate with a stem, an ignition retarder, a stem oil seal and a stem clamping sleeve. Water is supplied to the water part on the left, enters the under-membrane space, creating a pressure in it equal to the water pressure in the water supply system. After creating pressure under the membrane, the water flows through the venturi nozzle and rushes to the heat exchanger. The venturi nozzle is a brass tube, in the narrowest part of which there are four through holes that go into the outer circular groove. The recess is aligned with the through holes in both water end covers. Through these holes, the pressure from the narrowest part of the venturi nozzle will be transferred to the supra-membrane space. The poppet stem is sealed with a nut that compresses the PTFE packing.

Automation works on the water flow as follows. When water passes through the Venturi nozzle in the narrowest part, the highest speed of movement of water and, therefore, the lowest pressure. This pressure is transmitted through through holes into the supramembrane cavity of the water part. As a result, a differential pressure appears below and above the membrane, which bends upward and pushes the plate with the stem. The stem of the water part, abutting against the stem of the gas part, lifts the valve from the seat. This opens the gas passage to the main burner. When the water flow is stopped, the pressure under and above the membrane is equalized. The cone spring presses on the valve and presses it against the seat, the gas supply to the main burner is stopped.

The solenoid valve (Fig. 76) is used to shut off the gas supply when the igniter goes out.

When you press the solenoid valve button, its stem rests on the valve and moves it away from the seat, while compressing the spring. At the same time, the armature is pressed against the core of the electromagnet. In this case, gas begins to flow into the gas part of the block valve. After igniting the igniter, the flame begins to heat the thermocouple, the end of which is set in a strictly defined position in relation to the igniter (Fig. 77).

The voltage generated during the heating of the thermocouple is applied to the winding of the electromagnet core. In this case, the core holds the armature, and with it the valve, in open position... The time during which the thermocouple generates the required thermo-EMF and the solenoid valve begins to hold the armature is about 60 seconds. When the igniter goes out, the thermocouple cools down and stops generating voltage. The core no longer holds the armature; the spring closes the valve. The gas supply to both the igniter and the main burner is cut off.

The draft automatics turns off the gas supply to the main burner and igniter in case of a draft in the chimney, it works according to the principle of "gas removal from the igniter". Traction automation consists of a tee that is attached to the gas part of the block valve, a tube to the traction sensor and the sensor itself.

Gas from the tee is supplied to both the igniter and the draft sensor installed under the gas outlet. The thrust sensor (Fig. 78) consists of a bimetallic plate and a union, secured with two nuts. The upper nut is at the same time a seat for the plug, which closes the gas outlet from the fitting. A pipe supplying gas from the tee is attached to the fitting with a union nut.

With normal draft, the combustion products go into the chimney without heating the bimetallic plate. The plug is tightly pressed against the seat, gas does not come out of the sensor. If the draft in the chimney is disturbed, the combustion products heat up the bimetallic plate. It bends upward and opens the gas outlet from the choke. The gas supply to the igniter decreases sharply, the flame stops heating the thermocouple normally. It cools down and stops generating tension. As a result, the solenoid valve closes.

Repair and service

The main malfunctions of the VPG-23 column include:

1. The main burner does not light up:

• little water pressure;
• deformation or rupture of the membrane - replace the membrane;
• clogged venturi nozzle - clean nozzle;
• the stock came off the plate - replace the stock with a plate;
• misalignment of the gas part in relation to the water part - align with three screws;
• the stem does not move well in the stuffing box - lubricate the stem and check the nut tightness. If the nut is loosened more than necessary, water may leak from under the stuffing box.

2. When the water intake is stopped, the main burner does not go out:

• dirt has got under the safety valve - clean the seat and valve;
• the cone spring is weakened - replace the spring;
• the stem does not move well in the stuffing box - lubricate the stem and check the nut tightness. With pilot flame present, the solenoid valve is not held open:

3. Violation of the electrical circuit between the thermocouple and the electromagnet (open or short circuit). Possible reasons are as follows:

• lack of contact between the terminals of the thermocouple and the electromagnet - clean the terminals with sandpaper;
• insulation breach copper wire thermocouple and short circuit it with the tube - in this case, the thermocouple is replaced;
• violation of the insulation of the turns of the coil of the electromagnet, their closure to each other or to the core - in this case, the valve is replaced;
• disruption of the magnetic circuit between the armature and the core of the electromagnet coil due to oxidation, dirt, grease, etc. It is necessary to sand the surfaces with a piece of coarse cloth. Cleaning of surfaces with files is not allowed, sandpaper etc.

4. Insufficient heating of the thermocouple:

• the working end of the thermocouple is smoked - remove soot from the hot junction of the thermocouple;
• the igniter nozzle is clogged - clean the nozzle;
• the thermocouple is incorrectly positioned relative to the igniter - install the thermocouple relative to the igniter so as to ensure sufficient heating.

For heating water used for domestic purposes and in water heating systems, various water heaters are used: VPG-18-A, AGV-80 and AGV-120.

The flow-through gas water heater VPG-18-A, designed for continuous heating of running water, can be used for multi-point water intake. The water heater runs on natural and liquefied gases.

Water heater VPG-18-A is made in the form of a parallelepiped, the outer surfaces of which are covered with white enamel. The main elements of the apparatus are the main and ignition burner, heat exchanger, gas burner block, solenoid valve, thermoelectric thermometer, draft transducer and piezoelectric ignition device. All elements of the apparatus are mounted in a split casing, so that you can freely inspect and repair its elements without removing the apparatus from the wall.

On the front wall of the apparatus there are a gas valve control knob, buttons for switching on the electromagnetic valve and a piezoelectric ignition device. In the upper part of the apparatus, a device is provided for the removal of combustion products into the chimney, in the lower part there are pipes for connection to the water supply system and the gas pipeline. Automatic devices ensure the cessation of gas supply to the main burner if water does not flow to the device, in the absence of draft in the chimney and if the flame of the pilot burner goes out.

Technical characteristics of the water heater VPG-18-A

Water heaters VPG-18-A are installed in kitchens or bathrooms and fastened with hooks or screws screwed into dowels embedded in a fireproof wall. If the water heater is mounted on a wooden plastered wall, then a 3 mm thick asbestos sheet of roofing steel is nailed to it behind the water heater.

Gas water heaters are installed at a distance of 970-1200 mm from the bottom of the case to the floor. The water heaters are connected to the chimney with roofing steel pipes. The pipe diameter must be at least the diameter of the pipe on the flue gas outlet. The length of the vertical section of pipes above the traction chopper should be at least 0.5 m, and the horizontal section should not exceed 3 m in new houses and 6 m in previously built ones. The slope of the pipes is made 0.01 towards the water heater.

Pipes are tightly pushed into one another along the gas path by at least 0.5D) (where D is the pipe diameter) and they must have no more than three turns with a radius of curvature of at least D, At a distance of 10 cm from the end of the pipe, install a washer abutting into the wall.

The water heater is mounted as follows: they outline the installation site, mark and punch holes for the dowels, which are embedded in the wall. Then they are wrapped in dowels-screws, the water heater is hung and connected to the gas and water connections.

Automatic gas water heaters of the AGV type are storage water heaters used for hot water supply systems and providing multi-point water intake. Such water heaters are installed in bathrooms, kitchens or rooms with a volume of at least 6 m 3 with the obligatory connection to a separate gas duct. Automatic gas water heaters AGV-80 and AGV-120 consist of the following main elements: a galvanized welded tank, a combustion chamber with a burner, a thermostat, a magnetic gas valve, an ignition burner, a thermoelectric thermometer, safety valve and a thrust interrupter.

The casing 1 of the water heater AVG-80 (Fig. 244) is a cylinder made of sheet steel 1 mm thick and painted with enamel paint. Between the walls of the tank and the casing there is a 2 heat insulation - a slag layer.

Rice. 244. Automatic gas water heater AGV-80:
1 - casing, 2 - thermal insulation, 3 - water tank, 4 - cold water pipeline. 5 - flame tube, 6 - gas flow extension, 7 - bleed nipple, 8 - thin, 9 - gas burner, 10 - air supply regulator, 11 - furnace door, 12 - thermocouple, 13 - temperature regulator sensitive element, 14 - tube igniter, 15 - thermocouple tube, 16 - burner tube, 17 - temperature regulator valve, 18 - button, 19 - solenoid valve, 20 - gas cock, 21 - plug valve, 22 - gas pipeline, 23 - hot water pipe, 24 - traction interrupter

The cylinder tank with top and bottom bottoms is made of 3 mm thick galvanized steel. In the upper bottom there are two fittings with a diameter of 20 mm, one of them is used for connecting cold water pipelines 4, the other 23 - for taking hot water.

The water is drained from the water heater through the nozzle 7.

A fire tube 5 with a diameter of 80 mm is located along the axis of the tank, through which hot gases pass from the combustion chamber and heat the water. To increase heat transfer, a gas flow extension 6 is placed inside the flame tube. A traction interrupter 24 is put on the top of the pipe.8 in the firebox 8 of the water heater there is a gas burner 9 low pressure injection type. On the gas pipeline 22, as well as in front of the burner and igniter, plug 21 and gas valves 20 are installed. To maintain a constant water temperature in the middle part of the water heater tank, a sensitive element 13 of the thermostat is installed.

Gas enters the burner through the solenoid valve 19, which is turned on by pressing the button 18, and the valve 17 of the thermostat. A thermoelectric thermometer tube 15 and a thermoelectric thermometer 12 with a bimetallic plate regulating the gas passage to the burner are located near the igniter tube 14.

The water heater tank is constantly under pressure from the water supply. The ignition field of the burner is warm from its flame and hot gases passing through the flame tube heat the water.

When the water in the tank heats up to a predetermined temperature, the brass tube of the regulator's sensitive element lengthens and pulls the stem of the regulator lever connected to it. The regulator levers are moved by the lever spring to another position and release the regulator valve. The valve is closed by its spring and the gas flow through the regulator to the burner is stopped. The flame in the burner goes out, but it burns in the igniter, since gas is supplied to it through the solenoid valve.

When the water in the tank is cooled below the set temperature, the regulator tube, while cooling, is shortened and presses the rod against the regulator lever. The regulator levers are moved by the lever spring to their original position and open the regulator valve. Gas flows through the solenoid valve and the regulator valve to the burner and is ignited from the igniter. If the igniter goes out, the thermoelectric thermometer cools down, the electric current in the circuit disappears, the solenoid valve closes and stops gas access to the burner and igniter. The air supply regulator 10 serves to regulate the amount of air supplied to the burner 9.

The device is also equipped with automatic control of draft and flame, with the help of which the gas supply is stopped in the absence of draft from the chimney or the flame of the pilot burner is extinguished.

Technical characteristics of AGV water heaters

When installing apartment heating and hot water supply from the AGV-80 water heater (Fig. 245), the cold water pipeline is connected to the water heater through the lower drain connection. They put on the water supply line check valve and a valve and arrange a branch with a valve for draining water from the system. Hot water is directed through the upper fitting and the riser to the expansion vessel, from which the upper hot line of the heating system is laid. The hot riser is insulated. To increase the circulating pressure, it is recommended to install radiators at a height of 30-35 cm from the bottom of the appliance to the floor.

Rice. 245. Scheme of apartment heating and hot water supply from gas water heater AGV-80:
1 - pipe to the chimney, 2 - safety line from the valve, 3 - pipeline to the heating system, 4 - pipeline from the heating system

The return line is connected to the lower bleed nipple downstream of the check valve. A drain pipe is led from the expansion vessel to the sink. A safety valve is installed on the hot riser, from which a pipe is laid to a washbasin or sink. Hot water is supplied to sanitary fixtures as shown in the figure. For the convenience of igniting the igniter and caring for the water heater, it is installed on a stand. When installing the water heater on a wooden floor, place steel sheet on asbestos cardboard.

For heating individual rooms with an area from 30 to 150 m 2, heating devices are used, respectively, AOG-5, AOGV-20, operating on natural and liquefied gas. The devices are made in the form of a rectangular cabinet (Fig. 246), the front surfaces of which are covered with white silicate enamel. The main elements of the apparatus are a combustion chamber, a heat exchanger, burners (one or two), automatic device combustion safety, which provides control of the presence of a flame on the pilot burner and draft in the chimney and an automatic device for regulating the temperature of water heating, which maintains the heating temperature within the specified limits and, when the maximum temperature is reached, turns off the gas supply to the main burner.

Rice. 246. Heating device

Technical characteristics of heating devices