Jump the earth do not plow the meaning of the proverb. Lekant P.A
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345For example: The death of a righteous and honest fellmany of them(TV);
metaphorical meaning expresses a phrase in which the main word - a noun in the nominative case - is a metaphor, and the dependent in the genitive case names the object - the producer of the action or the carrier of the sign (sickle of the month, hair capand etc.); For example: V the garden is litrowan bonfire red...(Her);
the meaning of compatibility is the phrase of a noun in the nominative case and a noun in the instrumental case with the preposition c, both of them name objects that are joint producers of an action or carriers of a sign; For example: The artist with Vasya barelygot thereto home(Paust.); the integrity of the subject-phrase is emphasized by the plural form in the predicate.
The infinitive subject has completely different properties. It names not an object, but an action^, but the action is not taking place, but potential; the predicate expresses the characteristic of this action; For example: Riding at this time is a real pleasure.(M.-S). If instead of the infinitive you can use the derived from the verb
i
A noun, then this subject has an objective meaning; compare:Measurement ravines turned out to be difficult(Paust.). - measure ravines proved to be difficult.
A special form is the compound subject. It is formed by combining the verb copula in the form of the infinitive with nominal forms of the instrumental case; For example: To be in love - nice!(M. G.).
PREDICATE
The predicate has the following features:
names the action or attribute of the object indicated by the subject;
formally subordinate to the subject (usually consistent with it);
expresses the grammatical meanings of the sentence - modality, time;
forms a paradigm of forms of a two-part sentence.
The name of the action, attribute and grammatical meanings can be expressed together, in one word form, or separately, in two parts. On this basis, two types of predicate are distinguished in Russian - simple and compound.
A simple predicate can only be a verb, since the conjugated forms of the verb have indicators of mood and time, therefore in grammar this type of predicate is denoted by the term simple verbal predicate.
The basic form of a simple predicate is a full-valued conjugated verb. He names the action and expresses grammatical meanings, forms a paradigm of sentence forms; For example:subsided all. Tatyanasleeping (P.).
A simple predicate can be expressed by a conjugated verb form in relative use, that is, a form of one mood or tense in the meaning of another, which has an additional connotation; For example: You don't care! Therefore, I alone answer for all(Acute) - a form of imperative mood in the meaning of indicative with an additional connotation of obligation (cf .: must answer).
A simple verbal predicate is also expressed by conjugated forms of stable combinations of the verb type denoting action; for example: C Gryabovraised sheeyes on Father and hisdoused with contempt (Ch.).
As a simple verbal predicate, the infinitive can be used in the meaning of the indicative mood; For example: So youbite, cursed?(Ch.).
A simple verbal predicate can be complicated by particles or repetitions, with the help of which additional shades of intensity, fullness of action, duration are expressed. and etc.; For example: All those inevitable scenes of the futureso they rushed before the eyes of Arina Petrovna(S.-SH.); Itselftrembling trembling old woman(Leek.).
A compound predicate has two parts - the main and auxiliary. The main part denotes an action or
a sign, and the auxiliary expresses the grammatical meanings of time, mood, and also forms a connection with the subject; the auxiliary part necessarily includes a conjugated verb form; For example: His head has already begunturn gray (Ch.);After a year the paintingwas ready
Main part compound predicate expressed by a verb in the infinitive or forms of the name. In accordance with this, a compound verbal predicate and a compound nominal predicate are distinguished.
The compound verb predicate denotes an action. The main part is the infinitive of a full-valued verb or a stable verb combination; for example: 1 Musiciansgetting ready to play (A. T.);I can from lovego crazy (G.).
The auxiliary part, firstly, expresses the meaning of mood and time with the help of conjugated forms, and secondly, it denotes the stages of the action or attitude towards it.
Stages of action - beginning, continuation, end - are indicated by verbs start, continue, end and etc.; they are called phase; For example: The sun has juststarted to rise (L. T.);Meanwhile the skycontinued to clear (T.);Soon Istopped writing poems(Paust.).
The attitude towards action on the part of its producer (subject) is expressed in the form of various modal meanings of the auxiliary part - possibility, desirability, obligation, habituality, inclination; For example: We are longcould not say not a word(B.);I AMI do not want nothing to make you sad(P.); People walk, and Iforced toil(A. T.); In free evenings Evgeny Petrovichused to tell Serezha fairy tales(Ch.); Sheloved on the balcony to warn dawn sunrise(P.).
The modal meanings of the auxiliary part are expressed by conjugated forms of verbs (be able, want, wish, decide, agree, get used to, love, prefer etc.), stable combinations of the verb type (set a goal, have an intention, burn with desire, give consent, have a habit of etc.), as well as combinations of conjugated forms of connectives with names, participles and adverbs (was- glad, ready, must, inclined, compelled; master, amateur
hunter; able, don't mindand etc.); For example: Musiciansgetting ready to play (A. T.);officershave agreed to do anything will be gracious hosts(L. T.);Unable to Lenskydemolish strike(P.).
A compound nominal predicate denotes a sign (quality, property, state, etc.). The name of this sign is contained in the main part - nominal. The auxiliary part performs only grammatical functions. It's called a link.
The copula expresses the grammatical meanings of mood and tense, forms the grammatical dependence of the predicate on the subject. These linking functions are based on conjugation forms: mood, tense, person and number; in addition, generic endings participate in the design of grammatical dependence - in the forms of the past tense and the subjunctive mood.
As a link, ambiguous verbs or stable combinations of the verb type are used - to be, to be, to become, to become, to appear, to be etc. In addition, the zero form of the connective is used be with the meaning of the present tense, which is opposed to the forms was, will be, would be, be, let it be.
Linking verbs and stable combinations do not name actions, processes, they have an abstract meaning. This meaning is also included in the grammatical content of the auxiliary part.
Ligaments characterize the relationship between an object and a feature in different ways. This is clearly seen when comparing the nominal predicate with different connectives. For example, suggestions The days were warm- The days got warm differ in the value of the presence of a feature and the acquisition of a feature; The road was good- The road was good the value of feature presence and feature detection; The book was interesting- The book looked interesting the value of a reliable feature and an imaginary feature, etc.
The nominal part of the predicate in the expression grammatical meanings does not participate, it denotes a sign - qualitative, quantitative, as well as a state, etc. They depend on the use of various nominal parts of speech and their forms.
The most common forms of the nominal part are:
short adjective: Will be sad my story(P.); For a long timewere we inseparable? (P.);
short passive participle: Manilovwas absolutelytouched (G.);
full adjective, as well as participle, ordinal number, pronoun in the nominative or instrumental case: Lakewas mysterious (Paust.); Tops of a distant ridgeseem to be accurately forged silver(A. T.);Then tastesthere were others (Balm.);
comparative adjective: getting wider light.Everything is brighter mountain temple(Balm.); i
noun in the nominative or instrumental case: Castleseemed like an island sad(P.);my fatherwas a locksmith (M. G.);
prepositional case forms of nouns (more often prepositional with a pretext v with state value): Skywas in the clouds (V.); old princewas unconscious (L. T.);Low and narrow roomhad no windows (M.-S).
The nominal part can be expressed as a phrase, if its main word does not name a specific feature (for this, a dependent word is used); For example: Fatherwas a carefree person (B.);Then I can imaginewas in trouble (Paust.).
A compound predicate, verbal and nominal, can be complicated (complex forms of the predicate) by including additional word forms in the auxiliary part: these are verbs, or stable combinations of a conjugated verb type, or nominal forms with a bunch. They have a phase or modal meaning; For example: Shubinwanted to start working but the clay crumbled(T.)- the auxiliary part of the compound verbal predicate expresses the modal and phase meaning; For example: I AMshould not dare to speak you about it(T.) - the auxiliary part expresses two modal meanings. With the complication of the predicate - both verbal and nominal - the auxiliary part has the form
Mu compound verb predicate (wanted to start, should not dare etc.), but it expresses only grammatical meanings, and the action or sign is indicated in the main part (work, talk). The complication of the predicate does not affect the main part. With complication, only one verb has a conjugated form, all others, including a connective verb, have an infinitive form; For example: This stop couldbe fatal (A. T.).
V complex forms the predicate has two parts - the main (full-valued infinitive, name) and the auxiliary, as in a compound predicate.
Grammatical connection of the main members of the sentence
The subject and predicate are grammatically related. The dependence of the predicate on the subject, as a rule, is formally expressed. The choice of the form of the predicate is motivated by the subject; For example: The sun rose; The moon has risen. Therefore, the connection of the main members is called coordination. However, likening the form of the predicate to the form of the subject is only one kind of agreement - grammatical agreement. First of all, it appears in the forms of number; for example: The crowds are seething. Hearts flutter(P.). If the noun in the subject has the singular form, and the verb in the predicate has the form of the past tense or conditional mood, then gender agreement is manifested; for example: Rain monotonouslynoisy outside the window(Tel.). It agrees in number, in gender, not only a simple verbal predicate, but also an auxiliary part of a compound verbal and compound nominal predicate; For example: Sasha began to go to the gymnasium(Ch.); Bulba was fearfullystubborn (G.);Wind meanwhile, hour by hour grew stronger(P.). In addition, in a nominal predicate, the nominal part expressed by an adjective, etc., agrees with the subject in number and in gender; For example: townseemed dead, abandoned (B.);Prince Ivan Ivanovichwas Okayeducated and well-read (L. T.).
Conditional agreement is the choice of forms of the predicate with a subject expressed by a word that is unchanged or has no number, gender. With subject-pronoun who, someone etc. the predicate is used in the form of a single
venous number, and in the past tense or conditional mood - in the masculine form: Someone came?; subject-pronoun what something etc. - in the singular, in the middle gender: What's happened?; Something fell; cf. also: Heard ah!
Semantic agreement (“meaning agreement”) is the choice of the form of the predicate according to the content of the subject. For example, the gender form of the predicate with the subject I, you is determined taking into account the gender of the person indicated by the pronoun: You've come; I came; At times I was alone(Bulg.).
In some sentences, agreement has options: first of all, it is the use of the singular or plural of the predicate with the subject, which is expressed by a phrase with a quantitative meaning; For example: Eleven people served at the station(M. G.); Two girls went home with mushrooms(L. T.). In the first example - conditional agreement of the predicate in the number, in gender with the numeral eleven(not having a grammatical number and gender); in the second - semantic agreement in number with a quantitative phrase two girls(meaning "not alone").
Can be combined in one offer different types agreement; For example: And I forgot your gentle voice...(P.) - grammatical agreement in number, semantic agreement in gender.
Various types of agreement appear with the subject - “polite you”. These agreement rules are an important part of speech etiquette.
The verb, including the auxiliary, grammatically agrees in number, i.e., has the form plural; for example: Darling! You didn't love me(Her); in the plural, a short adjective, participle is also used; For example: You were right before me(P.). Full adjective, participle, pronoun, numeral one, ordinal numbers have semantic agreement with "you" in number (singular!), in gender (male or female); For example: You are so smart; You were the first; Are you alone?; You alone can help me; You seemed tired; I know you are not(Her).
The connection of the main members is not formally expressed if the predicate is represented by an infinitive or a truncated form of the verb
La; For example: Tatyana oh, and he- roar(P.) - cf .: gasped; life to live- no field go(ate.). In such two-part sentences, the subject and predicate are connected with the help of intonation and word order.
406. Select the main members of the sentence - subject and
predicate. Where are they represented by a word, and where by a combination of words?
1. A dozen and a half checkered cars dozed in the parking lot (Sol.). 2.- Farewell ... I am a heavy, nasty person, - he said (Ch.). 3. The exit to the lake was appointed at night 3 (Pa-ust.). 4. But the nice lady couldn't find anything to say (G.).
407. Highlight the main members of the proposal. What part of speech
performs the function of the subject? »
1. Earth is a tight place (M. G.). 2. Autumn was coming (Paust.). 3. The visitor was short and unsightly in appearance (Sh.). 4. Great things happened in the soul (V.). 5. All living things hid from the heat (Ґ.). 6. The blind and the deaf went to someone else's 1st field for peas (L. T.).
408. Indicate how the subject and
predicate. What place do they occupy relative to each other?
1. Asking the way for Andronych was an insult (M.-S). 2. F it in old mansions with great-grandmother's furniture it's nice, but uncomfortable (A. T.). 3. In general and sound b colors and light, my dear, you are a pleasure (Paust.). 4. Finding signs or creating them yourself is a very exciting activity 2 (Paust.).
409. Indicate in which sentences the predicate is pro
tym, and in some - composite.
1. Fog begins to swirl over the water (Paust.). 2. In Moscow, Kiprensky continued to write with the same ardor and mastery (Paust.). 3. Brother became more incomprehensible (M. G.).
The sun was a big crimson ball (L. T.).
On the table were two wax candles (Paust.).
combination of words. Select a simple verb predicate.
1. Sheglov looked around the yard (Ch.). 2. Over tea, grandfather started a difficult conversation about vitamins (Paust.). 3. Apparently, I should now fall and lose consciousness (Ch.). 4. What happened
411. These sentences contain combinations of conjugations
my verb forms with the infinitive. Pick out compound verb
new predicate. If the infinitive is not part of the predicate, define
share its function. Specify the form of the subject.
1. Nikolai Ivanovich began to read the newspaper (A. T.). 2. And we began to hunt not only for pleasure, but also out of need (Kupr.). 3. I went out to the platform to catch my breath from the car stuffiness (Paust.). 4. After tea 1 I begged Vera to sing (V.).
5. I have already learned to dream of extraordinary adventures.
and great deeds (M. G.). 6. Grigory and his wife went to
hut three days before the Intercession (Sh.).
412. Select a compound verb predicate in sentences and
analyze the meaning of the auxiliary part - modal or
phase (beginning, continuation, end of action).
1. Davydov began to get angry in earnest (Sh.). 2. Zinaida Fyodorovna still continued to walk around the living room in agitation. (H,). 3. Kovrin's eyes began to stick together (Ch.). 4. Girls soon stopped being shy (Paust.). 5. And I want to conclude my words with one word: that great battles, like the weather, I feel (Those.). 6. Before a thunderstorm, the fish stopped biting (Paust.). 7. We continued to live in the same apartment 3 with grandfather and father (Gil.). 8. I still don't understand you, Baron! (Ch.). 9. The bright falcon started up, stopped thinking, began to sing (Those.). 10. Viktor Nikolaevich did not want to interfere in the affairs of his wife (M.-S).
413. Select the subject and the predicate in the sentences. Where is the
the goal performs the function of a link in a compound nominal predicate,
and where is a simple predicate?
1. The days were getting long (Shishk.). 2. A plump hostess appeared with a tray in her hands (M. G.). 3. The Slavs were tall, blond hair, courage, hospitality (B.). 4. The team got to the devices that pump water (A. T.). 5. The nights have long been cool (Ser.).
6. All objects became distinct (A. T.). 7. Places to stand
lis all poorer and more deaf (B.).
414. Select a compound nominal predicate in sentences.
What is an auxiliary part - a bunch? What is her
Meaning? Indicate where there is a zero form of the connective be, as well as binder particles.
1. Dreams of gardens turned out to be very stupid. (B.). 2. Lozinsky became more thoughtful and sadder (V.). 3. The western slopes of the ridge seemed steep and steep, the eastern slopes were more gentle (Are). 4. The question turned out to be sufficiently clarified 2 (Kor.). 5. My house on the Moscow River is a miracle (Prishv.).
415. Select a compound nominal predicate in sentences and
indicate the link and the nominal part. What part of speech is it
on the? Note the cases of its agreement with the subject.
1. This oak was considered sacred (A. T.). 2. Annushka introduced herself to him as an adult (A. T.). 3. Everything here is made of wood (Paust.).
4. Black Lake was poured 3 flush with the banks (Paust.).
5. The door from the study to the small room was wide open.
smell (Sh.).
416. Select a compound nominal predicate in sentences and
indicate the link and the nominal part. In what cases is this a separate layer
in, and in which - the phrase? Specify the reason for the syntax
indivisibility of the phrase.
1. But the hosts were the most amazing (B.). 2. Bakharev was at the very good location spirit (M.-S). 3. Blizzard 1 at dusk was even worse (B.). 4. Some trees had two girths (M.-S). 5. His father was a district marshal (Ch.). 6. Arefiev - the old newspaper wolf (Kupr.). 7. The steamer is probably a state machine (Paust.). 8. For us, Sukhodol was only a poetic monument of the past (B.).
417. Select the main members of the sentence and analyze
their shape.
1. Walls of centuries-old fallen poplars descended the slopes of the hills (Paust.). 2. Still, what a wonderful thing to be dressed! (Ser.). 3. Civilians even dared to lean on their backs from behind (A. T.). 4. You are not a father. To give birth to a child does not yet mean to be his father ... A father is a man, but are you a man? (M. G.).
418. Select the main members of the proposal and determine their sea
phological expression. In what cases is the predicate agreed
with the subject? In what forms?
1. Together with the driver, not without fear, we got into a dilapidated boat. Comrade with things remained on the shore (Sh.). 2. Talking about the unresolved is only to scare people (M. G.). 3. Building a house or a bridge or writing a novel is the same thing. (A. T.). 4. Sour larch - a favorite dish of wood grouse (M.-S). 5. Still, 3 is nice - talking nonsense! (M. G.).
419. Select the main members of the sentence and characterize their morphological expression. In what cases is the choice of the form of the predicate due to the likening of its form to the subject (grammatical agreement), and in what cases does it depend on other factors? Is variation allowed?
1. Something stirred in the dark (Ch.). 2. Half of the sky
covered in red smoke (Paust.). 3. Flocks of white birds me
hovered in front of her like dandelion flakes (Paust.). 4. I'm talking about
had to correspond with his father (Gil.). 5. On the steps of si
case two strangers (Paust.). 6. Multiple people
got off the train, several people got into the cars (Sim.).
7. A lot of mushrooms grew in the ruts of the untraveled road 2 (Paust.).
One-part sentence
Main member one-part sentence expresses grammatical meanings differently: it depends on the use of verb forms or noun forms as the main member. Accordingly, two types of single-component sentences are distinguished - verbal and nominal (substantive).
Verbal one-part sentences
Verb forms are used as independent, not subordinate. Their grammatical meanings differ from the grammatical meanings of the dependent verb forms used in the predicate of a two-part sentence. This applies to face, mood and time. According to the peculiarities of grammatical meanings and according to the set of verb forms, 5 types of verbal one-component sentences are distinguished: definite-personal, indefinitely-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal, infinitive.
DEFINITELY PERSONAL OFFER
Verbal forms express the action of the speaker himself (1st person) or the interlocutor (2nd person). The personal endings of the verb indicate a certain person, therefore, with them personal pronouns I, you, we, you may not be used as a subject; For example: I'll go l forward?I will pass eh back? .. He is not here. They don't know me...I'll take a look on house,on the this garden(P.); So forget your worriesdo not be sad so hot about me(Her). The form of definitely personal sentences is created only by the 1st-2nd person of the indicative and the 2nd person of the imperative mood. All other conjugated forms of the verb cannot indicate with their endings a specific person - the producer of the action; compare: go, go, go, go, let it go, let it go, would go, would go must be used with the subject. The absence of a subject in these verb forms is its omission, an indicator of the grammatical incompleteness of the sentence; for example: A cat crawls out from under the sofa, from under the fringe. Stretched, jumped on the sofa and went, black and long. Goes, lowered his tail(A. T.) - the subject is missing in the second and third sentences cat, with which all verbs agree in number (stretched, jumped, went, lowered agreed in number and gender). these sentences are two-part incomplete.
UNDEFINITELY PERSONAL OFFER
Verb forms express the action of an indefinite person, not indicated by a separate word; For example: Shooting in the streets somewhere far away(Bulg.); In the villagerang to vespers(T.). The meaning of the indefinite person is created by the special structure of the sentence. Before the verb in the “subject place”, a minor member (circumstance or object) is placed, and the verbal forms of the 3rd person plural and past tense plural are used as independent, inconsistent. The meaning of their endings changes: they do not express "plurality", but instead of the 3rd person they mean "indefinite person"; cf., for example: In the Housethe kids don't sleep. - In the Housedo not sleep; In the Housethe children didn't sleep. - V homedidn't sleep. Unidentified person (de-
yatel) can actually be one or not one, but grammatically (in the verbal form) it is not expressed; For example: For the second time at the bell towerbeat to the bell(M. G.); Behind the partition in the office quietlytalked (T.).
In indefinite personal sentences main member has all forms of mood and tense; the imperative mood is used in the form of the 3rd person plural with a particle let; For example: I've already decided I'm not going.Let better than medrive away (A. Gr.).
GENERALIZED PERSONAL OFFER
Verbal forms express the action of a generalized person (actor), that is, the action is presented in a generalized way, it can be attributed to any person - 1, 2, 3; For example: "From such a fencerun away" - thought Gurov, glancing now at the windows, now at the fence(Ch.); Good for baddo not change (ate.).
Generalized is the meaning of not only the person, but also the time. In sentences of this type, the following verb forms are used: 2nd person singular present-future tense, 2nd person imperative, 3rd person plural present-future tense. All of them express not a certain meaning of time, but the assignment of an action to any time. Generalized personal sentences do not have tense forms. Together with the generalized time are expressed modal values: 1) impossibility of action; For example: Have left. The professor is happy, I suppose!Now you can’t lure him here with a roll (Ch.); 2) obligations; For example: Eat hungry, love young(ate.); 3) inexpediency; For example: But they don’t plow the land(M. G.); Crosses are not placed on mass graves(vye).
Thanks to the generalized personal form, aphoristic content is expressed in sentences, that is, moral rules, advice, conclusions, etc. This form is very often used in proverbs. But sentences constructed according to this model in speech also contain a generalization, conclusion, rule, etc.; for example: They don't pay for insults(Ch.); Do not believe in daily tears(Born); The bell ringing of the disease is not treated(M. G.).
IMPERSONAL OFFER
The main member expresses an action or state that is not related to the actor, to the subject (person or object); For example: Meanwhile, in the yardit got dark (T.);Oh, how easy and carefreelived then(Nick.); In the roomit was warm too nice(B.). The forms of the verb are independent, inconsistent; in the "subject place" a minor term is usually used (in the yard, in the room). The impersonal meaning of the sentence is expressed by the verbal impersonal form. Its endings coincide with the 3rd person singular, and in the past tense and in the conditional mood - with the singular, neuter gender. These forms are necessarily used for any structure of the main member.
The structure of the main member is similar to the predicate of a two-part sentence - simple or compound: 1) the impersonal form of a full-valued verb (impersonal verb or personal, conjugated - with impersonal meaning); For example: to someone elsecan't sit home at this time(Sol.); Now in her hairsilvered (B.);By the morningwarmer (Balm.); 2) a combination of a full-fledged infinitive (main part) and an impersonal form of a verb with a modal or phase meaning; infinitive and modal adverbs with an impersonal form of a bunch (auxiliary part); For example: I have written many different books(Paust.); Only closer to native land to meI would like nowto turn (Her);Start quicklyget light (Paust.); Firsthad to go rowing(A. T.); Can't live away from youth(Paust.) - in the last example, the modal word of the state category it is forbidden combined with the zero (impersonal) form of the connective verb be(meaning of the present time); 3) a combination of the word category state or short passive communion(main part) with an impersonal form of the bundle (auxiliary part); For example: At the stationIt was deserted(Paust.); By night in the weatherbecomes verycold and dewy (B.);In the rooms diligentlytidied up (Ch.);The room is already heated(S.-Sch.) - in the last two examples, the zero form of the connective verb. .
The main member of sentences with the meaning of the denial of being, the presence of an object has a simple impersonal form; for example: Mostadid not have (Paust.); OnlyNo my earflaps(TV).
These sentences necessarily include a noun in the dative case with the meaning of the object of negation. To express the negation of being, the existential verb is used by the particle not- was not, will not be as well as no, it didn’t (it won’t), it didn’t work out and etc.; For example: However, no reliefcame out (T.); And soon from the firenot left nothing but warm smell(M. G.).
In impersonal sentences, the verb is used in all forms of tense and mood; the imperative mood is used in the form of an analytical form with a particle let- For example: Let in my headclear up (Gas.).
INFINITIVE PROPOSITION
The verb in the form of the infinitive denotes a potential action, i.e. one that is not performed, does not proceed, does not take place in time; For example: I would like to go to the village now. I would nowwork (Ch.); Us nowto stand under renovation(TV). The infinitive is invariable, so it does not express the relation of the action to the person, to the moment of speech. The infinitive sentence has no forms of mood, tense, person.
The basis of the sentence is the main member (infinitive) and object (noun or pronoun in dative case), which designate a potential actor (person or object); For example: Be bad tomorrowweather (M. G.);Shouldn't you hide US?(Ch.). If the place of this member is not occupied in the sentence (i.e., it is not), then the meaning of an indefinite or generalized potential agent is expressed; For example: The rooms were not swept, the cotton curtains were torn from the windows. Tomorrowmove in town!(Ch.); Twicenot to be young (ate.).
Form of the infinitive sentence, which may also include some particles (would, not, whether, at least and others -) - conveys additional characteristics of a potential action: 1) obligation; For example: Daughter to go to the city(TV); 2) inevitability; For example: I'm here to sit until the frost(Paust.); 3) impossibility; For example: You don't care about the sunsing along (Her); 4) desirability; For example: I'm going. Sleep would be good, but for now I'm not up to sleep(TV); 5) concerns-
For example:- How not to be late! - Natasha realized(Paust.).
420.
Indicate which sentences are two-part, which
one-piece. Analyze the principal term expression
new offers.
1. The wind is shuffling along the wall of the house, the bolts of the shutters are knocking, the chimney is buzzing. (M. G.). 2. A night field breeze blows towards (B-)- 3- Late at night the sky cleared (B.). 4. Not a single window shone in the houses (Paust.). 5. There is a small sauna in the garden. She was recently fired (Paust.). 6. And all 3 around were vague and white (V.). 7. Streltsov's heart hurt (Sh.).
421.
Highlight specific-personal offers. Analyze
change the form of the main member of the sentence, paying special attention
on the face, tense, mood of the verb.
1. You spoiled your daughter, you! Tell the daughters to submit (M. G.).
- Stop, guys, do not meddle, there is no sense in lowering the pontoon. - May I try? - What to try! Brothers, he! (Those.).
- Did you lock the gate? - Locked. - Go see 2 for you. - Walk a little, you'd better ... (Sharp). 4. Wait for me near the house. Take you back to the pier (Paust.).
are the bare forms used as the main member of the sentence?
1. The convoys got stuck in the mud. There was a breeze in the door. Sticky clay was applied from the street with boots. This made the house uncomfortable. (Paust.). 2. I have already started to get up. But they didn't let me go out. (Paust.). 3. At this time, lanterns usually lit up. But now for some reason they were not lit (Paust.). 4. They rang at the hippodrome. The grooms removed the blanket from the Emerald (Kupr.).
423.
Select generalized personal sentences and analyze
use the forms of verbs as the main member of the sentence. Pay
Attention to the specifics of time in sentences of this type.
*■ - Before you were silent about it. - You can’t say everything at once ") 2. They don’t change good for bad (ate.). 3. About family in
Sections: Russian language
Class: 7
Goals:
- formation of the skill of writing a soft sign after adverbs hissing at the end;
- repetition of writing a soft sign after hissing in various parts speech;
- development of oral and written speech;
- fostering interest in the Russian language.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.(Greeting, writing the date and topic of the lesson in a notebook).
Teacher: Guys, we continue our fascinating journey through the country of ADVERSE. Today we approached the castle of the Princess Speech herself.
II. Repetition of the past and updating the new material.
Teacher: Someone left the following entry on the castle wall (a poem is written on the board):
The sun flashed from behind clouds(?),
And was hot(?) last Ray(?).
The evening became clear and good(?).
Slightly noticeable leaves shiver(?).
Beat under the mountain icy key(?).
blossomed lily of the valley(?), gentle and smelly(?),
Suddenly went out into the meadow hedgehog(?).
ask him to me impatient(?):
"To whom are you in a hurry, hedgehog(?), help(?)?”
(see: Russian language at school. - 1995, No. 1, p. 23)
The highlighted words are written on cards attached with magnets.
Individual tasks:
- phonetic parsing of words hot, shivering;
- punctuation analysis of the last sentence.
Teacher: Guys, what is the name of the spelling found in the highlighted words?
Pupils: A soft sign after hissing at the end of different parts of speech.
Teacher: What must be remembered in order not to make mistakes in writing this spelling?
Pupils: First of all, you need to determine the part of speech.
Teacher: Help each part of speech to find its house-envelope, put it where necessary soft sign, explain the spelling of the missing spellings. As soon as the task is completed, the guards will open the gate for us.
There are four envelopes on the board. Pupils work in a chain with the highlighted words. In the notebook we write the words in four columns.
III. Learning new material.
Teacher: Unbearable to learn how the adverb is spelled unbearable?
Students: Yes!
Teacher: From the castle they sent us a telegram-a hint. Let's read it.
Telegram
"Guys!
Drive away your doubts
Learn the topic with pleasure,
Don't forget the soft sign
Where are the H and W at the end,
And in the word wide open too
A soft sign will help us.
The sign is soft in our life entirely,
And I AM NOT MARRIED!
Teacher: Try to formulate a rule based on this clue.
Teacher: We managed to open the castle gates. But before the princess can receive us, we must complete her three tasks.
Exercise 1.
Selective dictation. Write out adverbs, explain spelling.
- But away from the cities where the scream and noise of sloths torments forever. (V. Bryusov)
- And the noise of oak forests in response, only I listen. (V. Bryusov)
- Mother rye feeds everyone completely. (Last)
- The land is not being plowed. (Last)
- For a dear guest and the gate wide open. (Last)
- How long this winter night is, it is unbearable to wait for the appointed hour. (A. Surkov)
- The last campaign completely discouraged everyone from experimenting. (Gas.)
- From the blow, the man fell on his back and certainly could not get up and resist. (Gas.)
- A star has rolled behind a high snowdrift, / the moon shines - the eyes are unbearable. (N. Zabolotsky)
Task 2.
Syntactic parsing of the sentence:
The greenery of the field has broken through towards the sun and warmth, and, opening the windows wide open, spring passes through the village. (M. Isakovsky)
Task 3.
Creative work. Make up a text of 8-10 sentences using as many adverbs as possible, including words for the spelling studied today.
IV. Consolidation.
Teacher: We passed all the tests, easily solved the tasks offered to us. As you know, all tests must lead to some result. What do you think, what result did we come to?
Students: Knowledge. Estimates.
Teacher: That's right. In order to receive an award from the princess of the Adverb, we will show what your knowledge is.
Punch cards.
Option 1.
- construction of vegetable stores_;
- need to be protected;
- steady quiet_;
- take revenge_;
- the air is fresh_;
- joy of meeting_;
- get hungry;
- open wide_;
- charming voice;
- wait impatiently.
Option 2.
- attracted attention;
- many failures_;
- military power_;
- lucky draw_;
- prickly cactus_;
- the glow of the fire_;
- rushed gallop_;
- marry_;
- don't remember anything;
- green gouache_.
Summary of the lesson.
Princess Adverb thanks you for your work in the lesson and gives you coins - grades from the treasury.
Homework:
Custom search
Work. Laziness. Diligence.THE SUN BEAUTIFUL THE EARTH, AND WORK FOR MAN
Whoever is happy to work will be rich in bread. *** It is not the market that feeds a person, but labor. *** Pies don't grow on bushes. *** You can't plan a stick without labor. *** Things don't go by themselves - they need to be led. *** The bee is small, but it works. *** He who looks into the sky, he sits without bread. *** There will be no clothes from lying down. *** If you don't rub your withers with work, you'll put your teeth on the shelf. *** You won't go to the forest, you'll freeze on the stove. *** Move to keep the money flowing.
WORK GIVES THE HUMAN HEART
Who is of all trades, he does not have boredom. *** Without excitement, without care, do not expect joy from work. *** If there was a hunt, any work would work out. *** To what the soul lies, to that the hands will be applied. *** If work is going on, I don’t want to sleep. *** Whoever loves work will not sleep for a long time. *** Better Monday, but don't mess around. *** You work conscientiously, it is not ashamed to look people in the eye.
HUMAN WORK FEEDS, AND LAZINESS - SPOILS
Labor always gives, but laziness only takes. *** Where they work, it is dense there, but in a lazy house it is empty. *** In a lazy person, what is in the yard is also on the table. *** Who is lazy is not appreciated. *** At the loafer every day, then laziness. *** The land does not feed parasites. *** You will lead a quitter - you will gain grief. *** I saw a loafer in a dream kissel, but there was no spoon, he went to bed with a spoon, but he didn’t see kissel. *** Under a lying stone and water does not flow.
THE LAZY IS ALWAYS A HOLIDAY
The loafer has a simple law: work an hour, stop half a shift. *** At least beat the stump, just to spend the day. *** I would look out the window and eat oatmeal. *** Teach smart, treat the sick, and don't let the lazy near the stove. *** Lazy only to send for death.
LAZY TO TAKE A SPOON, NOT LAZY TO HAVE DINING
A lazy person eats with his hands, but works with his belly. *** Now I have breakfast, then I have lunch, but I don’t know when to take a walk. *** Work is not much, but to eat - just right. *** Healthy in food, but frail in work. *** Eats for an ox, but works for a mosquito.
LAZY AND WET WET IN HIS HUT
The lazy one has a leaky roof and the oven does not bake. *** Frost grabs the lazy by the nose, and takes off his hat before the nimble one. *** "Laziness, open the door, the house is on fire!" - "Even if I burn, I will not open it." *** And I would be glad to blow my nose, but here's the trouble: you have to stretch out your hand. *** Business - not a bear, it is possible to have a look from afar. *** Either you, dad, go to the forest, and I'll stay at home, or I'll stay at home, and you go to the forest.
LAZY AND LAZY
Don't be afraid of me, worker, I won't touch you. *** If there were bread and clothes, I would have eaten lying down. *** Emelya went for firewood on the stove. *** Sits, puffs up, puts on shoes for three in bast shoes. *** Lazy and get tired of sitting. *** And the stone will cover itself, so it will overgrow with moss.
SLEEPY YES LAZY - TWO BROTHER
He slept without his hind legs, but he could not get up. *** Get up, Arkhip, the rooster is hoarse. *** Ulyana woke up neither late nor early: everyone was coming home from work, and she was right there. *** Who gets up early, he takes fungi, and drowsy and lazy go after nettles. *** You can't sew bags out of sleep.
WHERE THE SLAM WALKS, THERE THE EARTH WILL NOT BIRTH
I'm a loafer on a collective farm, like a wolf in the cold. *** Where is he? - "I went to give hay to the dogs." *** From work you will lose weight, from idleness you will become poorer. *** People plow, and he waved his arms. *** People reap on the field, and he would lie on the boundary. *** He beats the buckets, and you hung your ears.
A TREE IS RECOGNIZED BY THE FRUIT, AND A MAN IS RECOGNIZED BY THE CASE
Not the one who is good in face is good, but the one who is good in business. *** Do not judge by clothes, look at deeds. *** The guy is playful, but in reality he is not good. *** In words, he will swim across the Volga, but in reality - not through a puddle. *** In words, as on a harp, but in deeds, as on a balalaika.
WORDS CAN'T REPLACE ACTIONS
From word to deed, a hundred pregons. *** It's easier to move your tongue than your hands. *** On proposals master, but on business in any way. *** Soon the fairy tale is told, but the deed is not done soon. *** You can't weave bast shoes with your tongue. *** Cities are built not with language, but with a ruble and an axe. *** Whoever storms with his tongue will fight a little. *** Don't rush with your tongue, but don't make me laugh with your deeds.
DO NOT TAKE A SHOOT - YOU WILL PAY SIDE
From the shoulder, yes, in the heat of the moment you will not get a roll. *** It is better to walk and sit down on the way than to run and lie down. *** They don't plow the land. *** And Moscow was not suddenly built. *** Have patience for every desire. *** You can't knock down an oak tree with one blow. *** Better in small things, yes luck, than in big things, yes failure. *** The zealous with the lazy from time immemorial enmity.
DO IT, DON'T HURRY
Speed is needed, and haste is harmful. *** You'll make yourself laugh out of haste. *** Whoever is not in a hurry, nothing will escape from that. *** Talk for a long time, but do it soon. *** From one time it will not work, from two it will work.
AND DONE, YES STUPIDLY
Somehow you do it, somehow it will work out. *** It is better to sit idly by than to do it later. *** Do not take on your own business, but do not be lazy about your own. *** Every work is valuable, but not every one is useful. *** It's all a matter of bringing it into a ball and taking it down into manure. *** The good goes to welding, the bad goes to the landfill. *** No matter how you cover it with varnish, the marriage will remain a marriage.
A GOOD START - HALF THE WORK IS PUMPED OUT
There is no beginning and no end. *** Down and Out trouble started. *** Every business must be started in the morning. *** Do not put on a collar from the tail, do not start things from the end. *** Jump from case to case - take an example from a squirrel. *** To undertake everything - to do nothing. *** Do not rush to report: you did the job, then write a report.
BIRD - AIR, AND MAN - REST
Whoever is in harmony with difficulty is not in dispute with rest. *** When success in work - and a smoke break is not a sin. *** To rest without work means to live without care. *** If cheerful at work, then playful on vacation. *** Cause time - fun hour. *** Joke is a joke, but business is business.
WORK UP TO A SWEET, GO TO THE HUNT
You sweat for two, you eat for three. *** Where there is already, if there is a case. *** Works hard and eats fervently. *** Eats quietly and does not work famously. *** And we will eat and dance, we will only plow the arable land.
GOOD WORK LIVES TWO CENTURIES
Every deed is set by a man, and is glorified by a man. *** Do not brag about good work, they will notice it anyway. *** The case is smooth, and it looks sweet. *** Works do not boast, but be proud. *** On the wings - flight, on business - honor. *** What works, such and fruits. *** They don't beat you for work, but give rewards. *** Whoever is ahead in work has an order on his chest.
TAKE SKILLLY FOR EVERY BUSINESS
It's not enough to want, you have to be able to. *** You will understand the car, you will go far. *** Know how to make clumsy smooth, and bitter - sweet. *** Skill will find application everywhere. *** Where there is desire, there is skill. *** Know how to work, know how to select assistants.
LOVE WORK - YOU WILL BE A MASTER
The work of the master is afraid. *** Gold is not gold without being under the hammer. *** According to the work and the master to know. *** People are not born with skill, but they are proud of the skill they have acquired. *** It is necessary to teach not by telling, but by showing and working. *** From it the master, as from a beer bottle - a censer.
FISH IN THE RIVER - NOT IN HAND
There is a bite, so there will be a catch. *** Any fish is good, if it went to the bait. *** On a fresh worm and a fish on a hook. *** Do not catch perches with the nose. *** Do not wet your feet, and do not catch fish. *** Uncaught fish always seem big. *** It's too late for a pike in a pan to remember water.
