What is a complicated simple verb predicate? Predicate. Simple verb predicate uncomplicated and complicated Simple verb predicate complicated by a particle not
The concept of a member of the proposal. The grammatical basis of the sentence. The concept of the main and secondary members of the proposal. Subject and ways of expressing it. Features of the syntactic connection of the main members of the sentence with each other.
Structural types of sentences: severable and non-severable, simple and complex, one-part and two-part, common and uncommon, complicated and uncomplicated, complete and incomplete.
An uncommon sentence is one that has only the positions of the main members - subject and predicate, for example: Several years have passed (P.); It was noon (Shol.); It began to get light (Prishv.); Silence. Hum (Cat.). Such sentences represent a structural minimum and include only a predicative basis.
Sentences that, along with the main ones, have the positions of minor members, are called common, for example: Meanwhile, the sun has risen quite high. Again the sky, clear, as if swept out, without clouds, shone with a pale blue (B. Paul); At noon Razmetnov came home to have dinner and through the door of the gate saw pigeons near the threshold of the hut (Shol.); In every spiritually developed person, the outlines of his homeland are repeated and live (Rasp.).
A sentence is considered two-part if its predicative core is represented by two positions - subject and predicate, and one-part if the structure of the sentence involves only one position of the main member.
in complete sentences, all the necessary formal links of a given structure are verbally presented, and in incomplete sentences, certain positions of this structure are not replaced. The latter can be caused by various reasons: context, speech situation, general experience of the speakers. Incomplete sentences in their communicative significance are no different from complete ones, they are quite understandable. However, they are characterized by the formal lack of expression of some components. Ahead is a deserted September day
A simple sentence has one predicative center organizing it and thus contains one predicative unit. For example: The morning was fresh and beautiful (L.); From the station to the pier I had to go through the whole town (Paust.); Lopatin, from afar, saw the black jackets of sailors (Sim.).
A complex sentence consists of two or more predicative units combined in meaning and grammar. Each of the parts of a complex sentence has its own grammatical structures.
Although parts of a complex sentence structurally resemble simple sentences (conventionally they are sometimes called that), they cannot exist outside a complex sentence, i.e. outside this grammatical association, as independent communicative units. This is especially evident in a complex sentence with dependent parts. For example, in the sentence I do not know how it happened that we are still unfamiliar with you (L.) none of the available three parts can exist as a separate independent sentence, each of them requires explanation. As analogs of simple sentences, parts of a complex, when combined, can undergo structural changes, i.e. they can take on a form that is not characteristic of a simple sentence, although at the same time these parts have their own predicativeness. Simple sentences are primarily characterized by syntactic articulation or non-articulation and, accordingly, are divided into severable (having members of a sentence) and non-severable (sentences that are deprived of the ability to distinguish members of a sentence in their composition)
Words and phrases related to each other grammatically and by meaning are called members of the proposal.
The members of the proposal are divided into major and minor.
The main members are subject and predicate, minor - definition, addition, circumstance. Secondary members serve to explain the main ones and may have secondary members explaining them.
The main members of the sentence form the grammatical basis of the sentence. A sentence containing both principal terms is called two-part... A proposal that has one of the main members is called one-piece... Wed: The sky darkened in the distance - Darkened.
A sentence can have one grammatical base ( simple sentence) or several grammatical bases ( difficult sentence). Wed: They were late because of heavy rain - They were late because it was raining heavily.
Subject- this is the main member of a two-part sentence; which names what the sentence says.
The role of this member of the sentence can be either one word or a phrase.
Subject - one word:
1) words of different parts of speech in a subject sense:
- noun in I. p.:
It's raining.
- pronoun-noun in I. p.:
I love autumn.
- an adjective in the function of a noun (substantivized) in I. p.:
The bearded looked back.
- participle in the function of a noun (substantivized) in I. p.:
The seated man raised his head.
- adverb:
I'm tired of your tomorrow.
- interjection:
"Ay" echoed through the forest.
2) cardinal numbers in a quantitative (non-objective) meaning:
Ten is not divisible by three without a remainder.
3) an infinitive with the value of an action or a state: Learning is a must.
The location of the subject expressed by the infinitive is not fixed in the sentence (for example, for the absolute beginning of the sentence); Wed: The business is necessary - to study... If in a sentence one of the main members is expressed by a noun in the infinitive and the other by an infinitive, then the infinitive will act as a subject.
4) a word of any part of speech in any grammatical form, if a sentence is made about it as a linguistic unit: Go - the form of the imperative mood of the verb; Do not – negative particle.
Subject - phrase:
1. Subject - phraseologically free, but syntactically related phrase:
1) structure design A with B(Noun (pronoun)) + with+ T. n. Of another noun) with the meaning of compatibility, if the predicate is in a plural. including:
Brother and sister returned separately- Wed: Mother and child went to the doctor.
2) a word with a quantitative meaning (num., N., Adverb) + n. in R. p .:
Three years have passed.
A pile of things piled up in the corner.
I have a lot of work.
3) when indicating an approximate amount, the subject can be expressed by a phrase without I. p.:
About / up to a thousand people can fit in this hall.
Five to ten percent of students take the session ahead of schedule.
4) structure design A from B(the word of the nominal part of speech in I. p. + from+ noun in R. p.) with a distinctive meaning:
Any of them could do it.
Three of the graduates received gold medals.
The smartest student could not solve this problem.
5) infinitive + infinitive / name (the volume of such a subject coincides with the volume of a compound verb or compound nominal predicate - see below):
It is prestigious to be literate.
It's natural to want to become literate.
2. Subject - phraseological unit:
Getting hysterical out of the blue was his favorite pastime.
Have bare hands.
Predicate- the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting an action or a sign of what is expressed by the subject. A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by a verb. The verb predicate, formally likened to the subject, is the forms of the verb of any mood, time and person. For example: I am writing these lines in the village (Sol.); The second apple tree stood on level ground in the clearing (Sol.); Let's stay one more day! (H); Look after him, do not spoil him too much, and do not exact very strictly (Hound.); You would hardly be bored with Molchalin if you would have gotten closer to him (Gr.). As a part of a simple verbal predicate, there can be various modal particles, which are usually used in a colloquial style: I would go to sleep and give the guest peace (B. Pol.); Aunt Katya didn’t want to go but cry (A.N.T.); She seemed to love me (L. T.); A simple verb predicate is considered complicated if it is expressed by two verbs, of which one is lexically incomplete, or by two repetitive verbs. In the composition of such predicates, various particles are often used. Examples: Take take, but do not put in place (Ch.); You plowed something when? (Shol.); Be brave, do not be brave, but you will not be braver than the world (Lesk.); Ermoshka, go and you sit down next (Lesk.); Dressed-shod like all people (Pan.); I lie to myself, I lie, I lie (T.); Here it is waiting, waiting, and the tail only freezes more (Cr.); But now he took one eye shut ... (A. Ostr.); No, I'll go and tell Levinson that I don't want to ride such a horse (Fad.); She took it and stopped talking to her (Lesk.); I did not come to play riddles, but to speak, so to say everything (Lesk.). Complicated predicates have different shades of meaning. They indicate, for example: the action and its purpose (I will go and write); the arbitrariness of the action (took and came); on the uncertainty of action (does not shoot); the impossibility of taking action (we can't wait); on the completeness of the action, redundancy (eat so eat); on the tension and duration of the action (it doesn’t look good, doesn’t drag it around), etc.
Complicated forms are characteristic of both simple and compound verb predicates.
1. The forms of a simple verbal predicate can be complicated by particles or repetitions: (S.-Sh.); Rodion Potapych lived alive in his mine (M.-S.). The complicating element does not change the material meaning of the predicate, the meanings or shades it introduces have an abstract modal-expressive character: assessments of the mode of action or the speaker's attitude to action. Elimination of a particle or repetition does not destroy the predicate - only the additional meaning is lost (cf .: The hare's heart will roll; Rodion Potapych lived in his mine). "
The particles that complicate the predicate are numerous and varied in meaning. A particle to yourself (know to yourself) expresses a shade of inflexibility of the action, indicates its course in spite of obstacles: A dried vobla looks to itself, without blinking, at human delusions and knows it throws stones at itself (S.-Sch.). A similar meaning can be expressed by a particle like this: Doctor Voznesensky did not come by four o'clock for tea (S.-Ts.). But most often this particle indicates the completeness, intensity or duration of the action: Both hares died out (S.-Sh.). ...
Repetition as a formal means of complicating the predicate consists in combining two identical conjugated forms of the same verb or the conjugated form and the infinitive, as well as the conjugated form with the same root adverb in -om, -my (they shout with a shout, roar, roar, etc.). The repetition in the form of doubling the conjugated forms of the verb adds a touch of duration, completeness of the action: The shoemaker fought, fought and, finally, grabbed his mind (Krylov). The combination of the infinitive with a conjugated one-root form has an additional shade of concession or doubt about the expediency of the action: Mityunka adopted this setting, but no-no, and will come up with it in his own way (Bazhov); Remember, I remember, but what's the use? [Ibid, 315].
2. In the complicated forms of the GHS, not one, but two grammatical meanings of a phasic or modal type are expressed. This means that in addition to the main, real infinitive component, the complicated form includes at least two auxiliary units. Complicated form of a compound verb predicate: the auxiliary component is complicated, the material meaning of the predicate is not affected. Wed: continued to work - wanted to continue to work, was ready to continue to work, expressed a desire to continue to work. The complication is that the auxiliary component has indicators of two or more particular meanings - modal and phasic, and its structure duplicates the structure of the compound verb predicate as a whole: The next morning Akulina wanted to try and write (Pushkin); Shubin wanted to start working, but the clay was crumbling (Turgenev). It is possible to combine several values. At the same time, the structure of the auxiliary component becomes more complicated, but it can include only one conjugated form, all other verbs are used in the infinitive: I could not decide to continue working, I had to be ready to continue working, I had to quit trying to work. The complicated form of the compound verb predicate remains two-component (the main component is the full-valued verb to work).
Unlike P. A. Lekant, V. V. Babaitseva, I. P. Raspopov considers these constructions to be the union of two predicates - the main and the secondary.
Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which usually agrees with the subject (in number, in person or in gender) and has a meaning expressed in questions: what does the item do? what's going on with him? what is he like? what is he? who is he?
The predicate expresses the grammatical meaning of one of the moods (indicative mood - present, past, future tense; conditional mood, imperative mood).
Types of predicates:
- Simple verb predicate - ASG
- Compound verb predicate - GHS
- Compound nominal predicate - ICU
Ways of expressing a simple verbal predicate
| The form | Examples of |
|---|---|
| 1. Verb in the form of any mood |
A gloomy morning comes. |
| 2. Independent infinitive | To live is to serve the motherland. |
| 3. Interjection verb forms (truncated verb forms like bam, grab, jump) | Each friend here is quietly confusing a friend. |
| 4. Phraseological turnover with the main word - a verb in conjugated form |
The team won the championship. |
| 5. Conjugated verb + modal particle ( yes, let it go, come on, come on, it was as if, as if, as if, as if, exactly, hardly, almost, just and etc.) |
Let me go with you. |
Note!
1) The form of a complex future tense ( I will write; will sing etc.) is a simple verb predicate;
2) as if, as if, as if, as if, as if with the predicate - modal particles, not comparative conjunctions, therefore a comma is not placed in front of them (the subject and the predicate are never separated by a comma!);
3) the modal particle was meant to denote an action that began, but did not occur due to some reason, unforeseen circumstances, and commas (unlike introductory words, it happens, it happened with the meaning of regular repetition of an action) is not highlighted.
Wed: He used to not appear in the village for weeks;
4) in order to distinguish a simple verb predicate, expressed in phraseological units, from a compound nominal predicate, one should remember:
a) phraseological unit can often be replaced with one word:
to win is to win; to matter - to mean; to make a promise - to promise; give an order - order and etc.;
b) in a simple verb predicate-phraseological unit, the verb cannot be replaced with a link to be, but in a compound nominal predicate, it can.
Wed: He hung his nose(PGS) - you cannot: He had a nose; She sat tired(ICU) - She was tired; He born happy (ICU) - He was happy.
Note. In speech (especially colloquial), various kinds of complicated simple verb predicates with expressive meaning can be encountered. The most common among them are the following:
1) a combination of two verb forms with a particle so ( I was so friendly! );
2) a combination of the verb go with another verb in the same form ( I'll go call my mom);
3) take a combination of a verb with another verb in the same form in conjunction with particles yes, yes and, and ( I'll take it and leave for the village tomorrow; I'll take and leave- these are not homogeneous predicates (!), but one; and in this case - a particle, not a union);
4) a combination of a verb with particles yes, know (for yourself), well, and, for yourself (And Ivanushka know yourself hold on; I AM and screamed );
5) a combination of a verb with a single-root form of the adverbial type ( He eats it in food; She roars like a roar).
Parsing plan for a simple verb predicate
- Specify the type of predicate.
- Specify the form of the conjugated verb.
Sample parsing
My business is going uphill.
Go uphill- simple verbal predicate; expressed by verbal phraseological unit in the present tense of the indicative mood.
To forget about everything.
Forget would- simple verbal predicate; expressed by a verb in a conditional mood.
Simple verb predicate
Simple verb predicate is a predicate expressed by a verb.
For example: I write these lines in the village(Sol.); The second apple tree stood out of the blue in the clearing(Sol.); Let's stay one more day!(H); Look after him, do not pamper too much, and do not exact very strictly(Hound.); You would hardly be bored with Molchalin if you had a shorter relationship with him(Gr.). As part of a simple verb predicate, there can be various modal particles, usually used in a colloquial style: I would go to sleep and give the guest peace(B. Paul.); Aunt Katya did not want to go but how she would cry(A.N.T.); She seemed to love me(L. T.); Have you noticed anything?(M.-Sib.).
For example: And the queen laugh and shrug her shoulders(NS.); Then the knight jumped into the saddle and threw the reins(Cr.); So drop her snuffbox(Ven.); And if it weren't for me, you would smoke in Tver(Gr.); Our brother think about one thing ...(T.). Such ways of expressing the predicate are characteristic of the colloquial style, the syntactic constructions of which are especially rich in modal-expressive meanings.
Complicated verb predicate
A simple verb predicate is considered complicated if it is expressed by two verbs, of which one is lexically incomplete, or by two repetitive verbs. In the composition of such predicates, various particles are often used. Examples: Take it, but don't put it in its place(H); You plowed something when?(Shol.); Be brave, don't be brave, and you won't be braver than the world(Lesk.); Ermoshka, go and you sit next to me(Lesk.); Dressed-shod like all people(Pan.); I lie to myself, lie, lie(T.); It waits, waits, and the tail only freezes more(Cr.); But now he took one eye shut ...(A. Ostr.); No, I'll go and tell Levinson that I don't want to ride a horse like that.(Fad.); She took it and stopped talking to her(Lesk.); I did not come to play riddles, but to speak, so to say everything(Line.). Complicated predicates have different shades of meaning. They indicate, for example: an action and its purpose ( I'll go write); the arbitrariness of the action ( took it and came); on the uncertainty of the action ( shoot does not shoot); the impossibility of taking action ( we can't wait); for completeness of action, redundancy ( eat like this); on the tension and duration of action ( not looking, not dragging) etc.
All these forms of the predicate, along with the general designation of a specific action taking place in a certain time frame, are complicated by the meanings of the way the action proceeds, its qualitative characteristics, assessment, etc.
Such predicates are characteristic of expressively colored speech.
They are often used in folk literature - in epics, songs:
As in the hallway, in the senyushki,
Along the new hallways, along the lattice,
How she walked
Young noblewoman, Marya light Grigorievna.
She woke up, prompted
His friend, Ivan the light of Petrovich.
In speech, you can often find complicated compound predicates, which consist not of two, but of three (and sometimes four) structural parts.
Structural complication of compound verbal predicate
1. Auxiliary part a compound verb predicate can be expressed not by a verb, but by a compound nominal predicate (link + short adjective / adverb).
Complicated SGS = SIS + subjective infinitive
He must leave.
As in any compound verb predicate, two parts can be distinguished here: the main one is expressed by the subjective infinitive ( to leave). Auxiliary part - short adjective should- has a modal meaning, but unlike modal verbs ( maybe wants) the adjective cannot indicate the time and mood. Therefore, the adjective requires a verb link (in this case, it is a verb to be in zero form). Consequently, one more thing can be distinguished inside the compound verbal predicate - the compound nominal micropredict ( should+ zero bunch).
Modal short adjectives most often act as the nominal part of such micropredicts: ; noun with a preposition capable of; adverbs: it is necessary, it is necessary, it is impossible, it is possible, sorry, sorry and etc.
This predicate is actually not complicated. In Russian, for example, there are no verbs with the modal meaning of obligation, necessity, inevitability, etc. These meanings are always expressed in short adjectives or adverbs. Therefore, compound verbal predicates with such a meaning of the auxiliary part always include a compound nominal micropredict in their composition.
Note!
Adjectives: must, must, ready, compelled, capable, glad, adverbs: it is necessary, it is necessary, it is impossible, it is possible, it is a pity- very often confused with verbs, since they are close to them in function.
Check yourself in the above way: put the micropredictable in the past tense - they will not have the suffix -l, but a bunch was, was, was, were (I was forced, I had to, I was sorry, I needed).
2. Main part a compound verbal predicate can be represented by a compound verbal predicate: an infinitive with a phase or modal meaning and an infinitive with a basic lexical meaning.
Complicated SGS = auxiliary verb + SGS
He wanted to start working.
Main part ( start working) can act as an independent compound verb predicate (cf. He started to work).
3. Auxiliary part a compound verbal predicate is expressed by a compound nominal micropredict with a modal meaning ( must, must, must, cannot etc.) and main part expressed by a compound verb predicate (two infinitives).
Complicated SGS = SIS + SGS
He was forced to start working.
The auxiliary part ( was forced) - a compound nominal predicate with a modal meaning and an independent predicate cannot be. Main part ( start working) is expressed by two infinitives (the first with a phase meaning, the second with the main lexical meaning). In another context, these two verbs can become an independent compound verb predicate (cf .: He started to work).
Structural complication of a compound nominal predicate
A compound nominal predicate can also be complicated if its link (it is put in an indefinite form in this case) is complicated by conjugated forms of phase or modal verbs (or compound nominal predicates with modal meaning).
Complicated SIS = auxiliary verb + connective infinitive + nominal part
I AM I want to become a doctor.
In this case, the predicate consists of combining two predicates: a composite nominal ( To become a doctor) and compound verb ( I want to be). Sometimes such a predicate is called complex or mixed.
Complicated SIS = compound nominal micropredict + link-infinitive + nominal part of SIS
I AM was supposed to be a doctor.
In this case, the predicate can be represented as a combination of three predicates: a composite nominal ( had), compound verb ( should have become) and composite nominal ( To become a doctor).
Complicated predicate parsing plan
- Indicate the type of predicate for the part in which the main lexical meaning is expressed (complicated compound verb predicate, complicated compound nominal predicate).
- Disassemble each part of the predicate according to the appropriate plan.
Sample parsing
I have to leave today.
Gotta leave- a complicated compound verb predicate. Main part to leave expressed by the subjective infinitive. Auxiliary part should has a modal meaning and is expressed by a compound nominal predicate, in which the main part should be expressed by a short adjective; a zeroth link indicates the present indicative mood.
I AM I want to become a doctor.
I want to become a doctor a doctor become become; auxiliary part want has a modal meaning and is expressed by a verb in the present tense of the indicative mood.
I AM should become a doctor.
Gotta become a doctor - a complicated compound nominal predicate. Nominal part ( a doctor) is expressed by a noun in the instrumental case; semi-landmark ligament become is part of the compound verb predicate, in which the main part is expressed by the infinitive become; auxiliary part should has a modal meaning and is expressed by a compound nominal predicate. It contains the nominal part should expressed by a short adjective; a zeroth link indicates the present indicative mood.
