b at the end and middle of numerals. Soft sign in numerals

§ 1 Rules for writing b in the middle and at the end of numerals

Spelling numerals often causes difficulty for students. The spelling "Soft sign at the end and in the middle of numerals" is no exception.

In this lesson, we will determine when and which numerals are written with a soft sign.

Consider the following text.

Oak grows slowly, from the ground in the first years it rises only ten to fifteen centimeters. But it quickly grows down - its root in the very first summer penetrates a meter deep and branches strongly. This has been going on for ten years. And then the oak tree begins to stretch upwards. Now he grows thirty centimeters over the summer. In five hundred years it will be as high as a house of fifteen floors. And by that time its roots will go seventy to eighty meters deep.

And now let's distribute the numbers into groups. In the first column we write out the numerals with a soft sign at the end, and in the second, those with a soft sign in the middle of the word.

Notice the numbers in both columns.

b is written at the end of cardinal numbers from 5 to 20 and in the word 30. It should be remembered that in the middle of the numerals fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, the letter b does not need to be written. It is placed in the word only once: either in the middle or at the end.

In numerals from 50 to 80 and in numerals from 500 to 900 b should be written in the middle of the word. This is typical only for forms I.p. and V.p.

§ 2 Exercises for the correct spelling of b in numerals

Let's consolidate the learned rule with examples:

The abolition of serfdom in Russia was in one thousand eight .. hundred and sixth .. ten first year.

In this sentence, there are two numerals that cause doubt when writing. The first word is 800. Let's turn to our table.

According to her, in this numeral b is written in the middle of the word, after the first root. The next word is 60. This numeral also applies to the second column, which means that in the middle of the word after the first root we write b again.

Let's look at another example:

The largest width of our village stream is five .. ten nine .. meters, the smallest - thirty ..

For the correct spelling of numbers, we again turn to the table.

The first word is 50. It is mentioned in the second column. So we write it with b in the middle. The next numeral is 9. It refers to the first column, therefore, in this word it is necessary at the end of b.

And finally, the numeral 30, which is also in the first column, so we also write it with b at the end.

The letter b is written at the end of numbers from 5 to 20 and in the word 30.

The letter b is written in the middle of complex cardinal numbers from 50 to 80 and from 500 to 900.

List of used literature:

1. T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, M.T. Baranov. Russian language. 6th grade. 2012.
2. N.G. Goltsov. Russian language grades 10-11. 2012.
3. V.V. Babaitsev. Russian language. Theory.5-9 grade. 2012.
4. G.A. Bogdanov. Russian language lessons in the 6th grade. 2012.
5. BUT. Kramarenko. Russian language lessons in the 6th grade. Lesson plans. 2002.
6. N.V. Egorova. Control and measuring materials. Russian language. 6th grade. 2011.

The spelling of numerals is one of the most difficult topics in spelling. Problems often arise with case endings, as well as with the definition of the category of this part of speech. Therefore, before talking about spelling norms, it is worth giving the concept of a numeral name.

noun as a part of speech

Spelling of compound numbers

Now let's analyze complex numbers in Russian. Their spelling is subject to the following rules:

• Eleven is written with a double "n", also do not forget about the soft sign at the end.
• Compound numbers from eleven to twenty, like thirty, should be written with a soft sign at the end: twenty people, fifteen sweets.

• However, a soft sign is not needed in the middle of the numerals fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen and nineteen.
• Numerals from 50 to 80, as well as from 500 to 900, are written with a soft sign in the middle: fifty workers, seventy apartments; six hundred kilograms, nine hundred years.
• Ordinal numbers, the second part of which are the words "thousandth, millionth, billionth", should be written together: twenty thousandth run, fifty millionth inhabitant, two billionth molecule.

Spelling of compound and fractional numbers

The spelling of compound numerals consisting of several words is easy to remember. They are written separately. However, they can include both simple and complex numerals.

For example: one hundred and sixty six (one hundred is simple, sixty is complex, written with a soft sign in the middle, six is ​​simple, a soft sign is required at the end). One thousand eleven (a thousand is simple, eleven is complex, double "n" should be used in the middle).

The spelling of fractional numerals is reduced to the following rule: they are written separately, as well as composite ones: zero point fifteen hundredths, three second, one point five ninths.

Number endings

Grammatical norms and spelling of numerals are inextricably linked. The rule is separate for each category. So, quantitative numbers 5-20, 30 have the same endings as nouns of the first declension (for example, bone): six, about six; twenty, about twenty. But the words denoting the number 40, 90, 100 have only two grammatical forms: in the nominative and accusative forty, ninety, one hundred, in all the rest - forty, ninety, one hundred.

Attention should be paid to the spelling of the endings of numerals of quantitative components: it is necessary to change each word. Let's look at an example: 645 + 128 = 773. Adding one hundred and twenty-eight to six hundred and forty-five makes seven hundred and seventy-three.

Let's decline the answer as an example:

• Seven hundred seventy-three is the nominative case.
• Seven hundred and seventy three is the genitive case.
• Seven hundred and seventy-three is the dative case.
• Seven hundred seventy-three is the accusative case.
• Seven hundred and seventy-three is the instrumental case.
• About seven hundred and seventy three is a prepositional case.

The declension of numerals denoting the order in counting is much simpler: it is necessary to change only the last word, moreover, as an adjective:

• Seven hundred and seventy-third is the nominative case.
• Seven hundred and seventy-third is the genitive case.
• Seven hundred and seventy-third is the dative case.
• Seven hundred and seventy-third (-his - for animate) - accusative case.
• Seven hundred and seventy-third is the instrumental case.
• About seven hundred and seventy-third - prepositional case.

When writing numerals, students often have difficulty writing a soft sign. This article provides the basics of spelling a soft sign in the middle of numerals and at the end of words. It also lists the most common mistakes and correct options with examples.

When writing numerals in words, many have difficulties: almost every word of this part of speech has a spelling. A lot of rules relate to writing a soft sign in numerals. They can be divided into several groups.

Soft sign at the end of numerals

On the b ends with numbers from 5 to 10, as well as all numbers that end in -twenty. Correct, for example, would be to write "seven", but not "sem", "eight", but not "eight", "fifteen", but not "fifteen".

At the end of other numerals, the soft sign is not written. Common mistake, allowed by many, is the spelling ь at the end of the numeral thousand in the form of plural. h. R. p .: hundreds thousand.To write correctlythousand_.

Soft sign in the middle of numbers

A soft sign in the middle of a word is written in complex numbers like seventy, eight b ten, six hundred.

There is a soft sign also in the ordinal number vos b my.

This letter is written in the middle of the collective numeral vos b mero.

Letter "b" may appear in the middle of some numerals in declension:

• In quantitative terms four in T. p.: four b me;
• In words eighty and eight hundred in T. p. two are written b: vos b m b youth, vos b m b justices.

Spelling a soft sign in numerals: common mistakes

Very often, confused by the rules, students write ь in the middle of simple numbers: fifteen, sixteen, seventeen etc. In order to avoid such a mistake, you need to remember that in simple numbers there is only one soft sign, which is written at the end: heels b, eighteen b, thirty b .

Another common mistake in writing numerals is the omission of a soft sign in some compound words of this part of speech. For instance: se md eat, eat ms from. The spelling of these numbers can be remembered by mentally breaking them into two parts: five-ten, nine-hundred, seven-hundred.

Sometimes b placed in the middle of complex numbers that are used without this letter: There were only two at the box office. b you rubles. The farm prepared four b eleven tons of feed.

To remember all the nuances associated with b in the names of numerals, you can use the following table:

The spelling of a soft sign in numerals will be remembered faster if you perform several exercises on this rule.

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The lesson is structured in such a way as to bring into the system the previously acquired knowledge about writing a soft sign in the middle and at the end of a word and form the skill of writing ь at the end and in the middle of numerals. The material selected for the lesson allows you to increase vocabulary students.

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Kuzmina V.F.

Soft sign at the end and in the middle of numerals

Lesson Objectives:

educational: introduce students to the spelling rule

“Soft sign at the end and in the middle of numerals”, to form the ability to use it when writing numerals; repeat the spelling of the soft sign in other parts of speech;

developing: development logical thinking, attention, perception, memory;

educational: fostering interest in the lessons of the Russian language through familiarization with new words; development of positive motivation for learning.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Repetition of the previously studied about the numeral (preparation for the perception of a new topic).

1) Letter from memory:

An ant lived in the world

In a black hat to the eyebrows!

He kept in his apartment

Twenty-two pood weights.

Find the number. What is this part of speech?

What kind of numbers do you know? What are they in terms of structure?

Describe this number.

2) vocabulary work(non-standard representation of words):

a) an integer immediately following the ten (eleven);

b) the smallest unit of time (second);

c) a period of time of 10 days, the third part of the month (decade, from the Greek "deca" - ten);

d) the fourth part of the reporting year (quarter, from the Latin "quartus" - fourth).

write down dictionary words and underline the spellings in them, pay attention to the stress in the word quarter (on the last syllable).

Eleven, second, decade, quarter.

Teacher:

The topic “Numeral Name” allows us to learn or repeat the meanings of words we have heard more than once. Let's go back to the recorded quatrain. What does puddle weight mean?

Have you ever heard the expression “span of land” (“We will not give up an inch of land!”)?

Student message:

In the old days in Russia and in other countries, various measures of length were used. More often they were associated with the size of parts of the human body. A span is an ancient Russian measure of length (17-18 cm), equal to the distance between the ends of the stretched fingers (thumb and index). The expression means "we will not give even the smallest part."

III. Work on the topic of the lesson.

1) Test task.

a) cane ..., eight ..., twenty ...

b) baker ... naya, shift ... man, baker ... nickname

c) chalk ... whip, glass ... schik, men ... she

In the words of which row is a soft sign not written and why?

Indicate the row where the soft sign is written in the middle of the word.

Name the series where the soft sign is written at the end of the word to indicate the softness of consonants. Are there numerals among the words of this series?

2) Teacher's explanation:

The spelling of the soft sign at the end and in the middle of numerals is also regulated by the rule.

Rule 1. In numerals from five to twenty and in the numeral thirty, a soft sign is written at the end, as in nouns with soft consonants. In the middle of the numerals fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, the soft sign is not written.

And now let's analyze the composition of the word fifty. How is it educated? (fifty is five tens, therefore, a complex numeral). The softness of the last consonant of the first root is preserved and is indicated by a soft sign. Read in the textbook in which numerals a soft sign is written in the middle.

Rule 2 (students tell).

3) Drawing up a table and filling it with examples.

Write

Eight, eleven, sixty-four, seventy-one, thirty, seventeen, nine hundred and twelve, eighteen, twenty, five hundred and fifty-five, fifteen, eight hundred and eleven, fourteen.

IV. Consolidation of the studied material.

1. Write down and mark spellings in numerals, replacing them with words.

Greatest depth Baltic Sea- 459 meters, Azov - 14 meters. 12 fellows came out, carried 52 falcons, released 365 swans. Camels and horses live 20 years, elephant - 80 years.

2. Read the proverbs, write down the numbers and explain their spelling.

A person lives 60 years and sleeps 30 of them. He sees 7 shortcomings in another, but does not notice 10 in himself. Than 50 empty words, one weighty one is better. When the trouble passes and everything calms down, 500 advisers will immediately be found.

3. Independent work on tic-tac-toe cards.

Mark the correct answer in the table with a cross.

Exercise 1.

Write it down in words.

8, 11, 17, 60, 80, 365, 413, 515, 699, 719, 79, 800, 988.

Exercise 2.

Form ordinal numbers from numbers and write them down.

11, 23, 378, 500, 1000, 1256, 8000, 8663, 37 000, 9 000 000, 77 000 000.

Exercise 3

Form complex adjectives from phrases. Write them down.

Anniversary at 90, frost at 40 degrees, heat at 38 degrees, altitude at 900 meters, a house with 450 apartments, a team of 1.5 thousand people, a distance of 340 kilometers, a tank of 200 liters, a city with a population of 1, 5 million people.

Exercise 4

Write the numbers in cursive.

In 1981, 8,302,000 people lived in Moscow, and about 1,360,000 people lived in Novosibirsk. In the Middle Volga region, frost may increase to 18-22 degrees during the day, and up to 25-27 at night. The fighting continued until May 12, 1945. 252,661 enemy soldiers were captured, about 650 tanks, 3,069 guns, 790 aircraft, 41,131 vehicles were captured.

Exercise 5

Replace the numbers with words, put combinations of numbers with nouns in the appropriate case form. In cases where it is impossible to form some combinations, select options that express this meaning.

At an altitude of 900,000 meters ..., up to 500 establishments ..., about 44 barges ..., to have 100 rubles ..., to get there within 23 days ..., there are 34 nurseries ... and more than 52 kindergartens. .., out of 301 contenders... for the championship, more than 43 candidates... for prizes, last 5.3 seconds..., observe 3 or more cases... of diseases, about 90 kilometers..., per ruble ... a piece. On (both, both) sides of the road stood slender fir trees. The slopes (both, both) of the ravines are washed out by rains. (both, both) cheerful friends separated for a long time.

Exercise 6

Form complex adjectives from the following combinations.

5 years, 40 minutes, 21 hours, 8 meters, 500 liters, 1000 years, 555 days, 29 kilometers, a million votes, 61 billion.

Exercise 7

Rewrite the text, replacing the numbers with words. Determine the case of numerals.

Carat

Carat is a unit of weight for gemstones.

Once upon a time, when weighing jewelry, grains, kidneys or beans were used. A carat is the weight of a bean. It is equal to 0.2 grams.

Most diamonds are light in weight. Stones of 1-2 carats are already considered large. A diamond over 20 carats is given a name like a person. Such stones are known all over the world.

The largest diamond is the Cullinan, found at the beginning of the 20th century in South Africa. He weighed 3106 carats. No one in the world could buy it. It had to be split into pieces. It turned out 105 diamonds of different weights. The largest of them: "Star of Africa" ​​- weighs 530.2 carats, "Cullinan II" - 317.4 carats. They now adorn the crown and scepter of the kings of England.

(According to S. Kordyukova)

Exercise 8

Everyone knows the Ostankino TV tower - the tallest building in Europe. Its height together with the antenna is about 539 meters. It was built in 1967.

But the first TV tower in Moscow was built in 1922 by the famous Russian engineer Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov, which is why it is called Shukhovskaya. This openwork steel structure, 160 meters high, was intended for the radio station antenna. It was from here in 1937 that the first regular experimental television broadcasts began in our country.

Exercise 9

Rewrite the text, replacing the numbers with words. Determine the case form of the numerals.

Moscow skyscrapers

Skyscrapers in Moscow are called 7 buildings that were built in the late 40s - early 50s according to a single urban plan. They have from 26 to 36 floors. This different houses: ministries, hotels, residential buildings and university.

For example, the main building of Moscow State University on Sparrow Hills is a 36-storey building, the height of which is 235.7 meters, the height of the spire is 60 meters, and the weight of the star on the spire is 12 tons.

Skyscrapers have had fans and detractors, but now these Soviet-era half-skyscrapers are part of Moscow's skyline.

(According to Y. Brodsky)

Test on the topic "Spelling of numerals"

1. Find an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1) four hundred lines;

2) six hundred students;

3) over five hundred and sixty thousand kilometers;

4) in the year two thousand and eight.

2. In what numeral is b written in the middle of a word?

1) 18; 2) 60; 3) 15; 4) 19.

3. In what words is b not written in the middle of a word?

1) seven ... ten; 2) three ... tsat; 3) five ... hundred; 4) four ... me.

4. In which numeral is b not written in the middle of a word?

1) 16; 2) 60; 3) 600; 4) 80.

5. What complex number from 11 to 19 is written with nn?

1) 15; 2) 13; 3) 11; 4) 16; 5) 18.

6. In what numeral is the letter a written at the end?

1) ninety ...; 2) three hundred ...; 3) st…

7. Indicate the numeral in the declension of which an error was made:

1) fifty;

2) sixty;

3) eighty.

8. Indicate the numeral in the declension of which an error was made:

1) nine hundred;

2) six hundred;

3) seven hundred.

9. Indicate the numeral in the declension of which an error was made:

1) two hundred;

2) two hundred;

3) two hundred.

10. What numeral was written wrong?

1) the year two thousand;

2) up to two thousandth year;

3) by the year 2000;

4) two thousand and seventh year.

11. Indicate the correct spelling of the compound cardinal number in Vp:

1) one thousand eight hundred and fifty three;

2) one thousand eight hundred and fifty three.

12. Indicate the correct spelling of the compound cardinal number in T.p.:

1) one thousand eight hundred and fifty three;

2) one thousand eight hundred and fifty three;

3) one thousand eight hundred and fifty three.

13. Indicate the correct spelling of the numeral:

1) with eight hundred ninety-six;

2) with eight hundred ninety-six;

3) with eight hundred ninety-six;

4) with eight hundred ninety-six.

14. Indicate the correct spelling of the numeral one and a half:

1) one and a half meters;

2) one and a half meters;

3) one and a half meters.

15. Indicate the correct spelling of numbers in R.p.:

1) one hundred and forty rubles;