After the winter, the water level in the well dropped. What to do if the water level in the well drops? Where do water problems occur?

Where a well is the only or main source of water supply, it is very important to maintain its productivity so that there is enough life-giving moisture for all needs, regardless of the season. If water is not collected in the well, or it happens very slowly, consumers have quite expected problems.
They require an immediate solution.

What determines the water level

There are many factors that influence the performance of a structure. This is its depth, the thickness of the aquifer, seasonal weather conditions, etc.
It is also important how he does it - depending on this, key, storage and river types of such structures are distinguished.

Types of wells

So:

Water enters the springs in fountains spouting from the bottom - they can be seen if all the water is pumped out of the mine. Their flow rate is small, after complete pumping to the previous level (2-3 rings) it takes from several hours to several days.
The most common are accumulative - the water level in them reaches from 4 to 10 rings and above, depending on the thickness of the aquifer and the depth of immersion in it. But it takes a long time to fill up, 5-10 days.
This is due to the lack of internal pressure in the water vein. Filling with water occurs through holes in its walls.
The depth of the river depends on the depth of the underground river bed and can reach 30 meters. With a sufficiently large influx of water in free flow, its level usually does not exceed one and a half meters.
But it practically does not change regardless of how much water you pump out.
Separately, artesian wells should be singled out, supplying water from deep lime layers. The water in them is sandwiched between two water-resistant layers and therefore is under pressure.
Its level is always sufficient, it does not decrease, which is very important in the absence of other sources. But the price of such a structure is very high and its construction is not always economically profitable.

Without a preliminary geological survey, it is difficult to predict what type of well you will have, how much water will be in it, and how quickly it will recover after pumping.

External factors

If it so happened that water disappeared in the well (see) or it became much less, you need to find out the reason in order to understand whether it can be returned.
The reasons can be very different:

Seasonal level fluctuations. The filling depends primarily on the replenishment of groundwater reserves from the outside. During heavy spring rains and snowmelt, the level rises, and in summer heat and winter frosts - decreases.
Depletion of the aquifer. May occur as a result of human activities in the surrounding areas.
This is a large-scale construction with deep disturbance of the soil, landscape and reclamation work.
Changing the course of an underground river, etc.

Advice. If the water in the well runs out, ask your neighbors if the same thing happened to them. If this is the case, you need to look for a reason, if not, perhaps the depth is insufficient and does not reach the aquifer during its seasonal decline.

Finally, a significant decrease in the flow rate may be due to elementary clogging, silting of its bottom, as a result of which water simply cannot enter the mine in the same volume.

Is it possible to increase the flow of water

To answer this question, you need to know the reason why there is less water, and have information about the thickness of the aquifer. It can be obtained from the relevant organizations involved in geological exploration and land management.
If the water is what is called “left”, the problem can only be solved by installing a new one in another place or by deepening the existing one to the next aquifer. This is a very expensive and costly operation, it is easier to drill a well and equip it with a pump.
In case of insufficient depth of the mine, partial depletion of the aquifer or its movement to a greater depth, it is possible to solve the problem of how to increase the volume of water in the well by deepening it.
The following options are possible:

If your well (q.v.) is of the imperfect type (the bottom of the shaft does not reach the impermeable sub-base), it can be deepened to increase the height of the water column in the shaft.
If it is perfect, but due to the small thickness of the aquifer (less than 2-3 meters) there is little water in it, you can dig a sump - an additional reservoir in the underlying waterproof rock.

Another way to increase the amount of water in an imperfect well is to expand its underwater part. It is made in the form of a tent (see picture).
As a result, the volume of water at the same column height increases significantly. But a tent can only be made with a sufficiently large thickness of the aquifer.

Advice. This method is preferable to the sump device, since it is necessary to work with soft sandy soil. It is very difficult to dig a sump in a solid impervious layer with your own hands under conditions of constant water flow into it.

If all the proposed methods seem difficult to you, requiring large physical and financial costs, you can simply put it on the site or in the house storage capacity, where water will be automatically pumped from the well as it fills up. To do this, you will need to purchase pump equipment and connect it to a system of floats that control the water level in the tank.

Detailed instructions for setting up such a system, choosing a pump and determining the required volume of the storage tank will be given in another article.

Conclusion

If you want to increase the amount of water in the well, you should take into account the daily need for it. If it turns out to be much less than necessary for normal water exchange, the water in the mine will stagnate with all the ensuing consequences - flowering, decay, changes in the qualitative composition.
The video in this article will allow you to get additional information on the topic covered in it.

We need wells not only where there is no centralized water supply. They generously and free of charge irrigate gardens and orchards in summer cottages, supply us with natural drinking water in private households. But what if there is not enough water in the well?

The consequences of lowering the water level in our natural spring are a lot of trouble. This situation requires the immediate restoration of the filling in our natural reservoir by any known effective ways, but preferably less time-consuming and costly.

Causes of drying

To begin with, let's determine exactly why there is little water in the well. It is known that the aquifer is usually located under a 2-meter layer of clay, so we will dig out 1.5 m of clay with a drill, then another 0.5 m of soil.

We now have 1m of water to the wet bed plus the thickness of that and plus the natural rise of the water as it accumulates. This is the required 1-1.5 m, and it remains only to see the result - whether water will be added or not.

Only by finding out why there is little water in the well, we will correct the situation.

The reason for the drying up of 80% of wells: during drilling, they did not go deep enough, they did not reach an abundant aquifer.
Abnormal droughts with extremely rare and very weak precipitation are a natural factor in the drying up of these natural reservoirs.

Advice!
The popular deepening method is the most acceptable - it is economical and efficient.
We will also use it in case of a shortage of water, a decrease in inflow in 1 day, frequent drying up or the revival of a dry old well.

In the picture: deformation of the well shaft, and as a result - water leakage.

There are other reasons for increasing the already existing depth of the source: its clogging, deformation of the shaft, replacement of well rings (the price of structural elements depends on strength).

Solutions

Regardless of the type of such a source (it is tubular or mine), it is necessary to deepen lower part trunk, because it is here that life-giving moisture is collected. On average, this section of the well is 2 m and is reinforced with durable material.

Sump recess

In the event of depletion of the aquifer and insufficient filling of the well, we will simply dig the lower part of such a water intake below and arrange a sump.

Now this sump grenade launcher is located inside the water-resistant layer, which makes the tank fill up much more intensively and faster:

We deepen only once and immediately to the maximum possible distance - into 3 rings.
If, having descended to the bottom, we find a sucking quagmire there, then we will not dig for long, especially since it is very difficult due to the continuous supply of moisture.
Constant pumping will speed up the work. At the same time, we scoop out the thick slurry.
We dig at the fastest and most uninterrupted pace so that the rings do not warp and disturb the verticality of the mine. For the time being, we will need only physical endurance, and not experience and qualifications.
During the night, our deep tank will be filled - and we decide whether there is enough water or whether we need to continue working.

Accounting for soil features

We use methods for deepening wells, taking into account the composition of the soils of the aquifer, as well as the state of the trunk itself.

On the clay in the excavated recess, we put vertical rings narrower in diameter than the original upper stem rings. For example, we will use rings not meter in diameter, like the main ones, but 20 cm smaller. If the trunk is deformed, we use rings 0.7 m in diameter.
On sandy soils, it is more expedient to use a piece of plastic pipe 0.9 m in diameter, and in a curved shaft - 0.7 m.

As you can see, this instruction is quite understandable, and a reliable safety net contributes to the quick and successful completion of such extreme work. By the way, the technology for installing new rings or pipes to lower the bottom also depends on the soil conditions:

in dense aquifers we make a recess without casing - we put reinforced concrete rings in the dug hole;
on quicksand sandstones, we start a casing pipe and a shield.

The size of the recess is influenced by the following parameters:

soil density;
its composition;
the ability to hold the vertical;
the level of occurrence of the underground channel;
debit of water at the bottom of the well.

A specialist will more easily assess the situation, besides, he will be able to maintain the hydrogeological conditions of our well and guarantee its timely and sufficient filling. However, we will begin this responsible work with our own hands by installing additional brackets in the seams between the rings in order to prevent the trunk from breaking when the bottom is deepened.

Independent work

If water has disappeared in the well, we will monitor similar sources at the neighbors - they probably have the same story, and drought or frost is to blame. But if this problem is only with us, let's wait a week: perhaps there was a slight oscillation of the soil.

The best time for a planned deepening is in mid-autumn, when ground water at the bottom.

Need 2 assistants:

it is necessary to simultaneously pump out water with a deep pump;
and quickly take the soil up.
We dismantle the house above the well, freeing access to the well.

Staged cleaning of the well

We will strengthen the seams between some rings with simple reinforcement - 2 metal plates per 1 seam, fixing anchor bolts. But if there is a quicksand, we will process all the seams in this way.
Additional staples on the first two rings will help prevent the upper ring from shifting in winter.
Clean the bottom of the silt with a shovel and a bucket.

Deepening methods

Let's start deepening the well in one of the following effective ways.

Mechanized

In a metal or plastic pipe with a diameter of 1 m, we will make 50 holes with a 20 mm drill.
Inside the pipe we fix a fine stainless steel mesh.
Let's put a pump in the pipe.
With a drill we make a 1-meter hole in the bottom of the well.
We start the prepared pipe there so that it is not flooded from above.
We pump out dirty water, thereby clearing the way for the influx of fresh water from the aquifer.

Why is there no water in the well? Can it be revived? In the article we will try to find answers to these questions and give a number of additional tips for the longest and trouble-free operation of wells.

Causes

So, the water level in the well dropped catastrophically. At the bottom there is a shallow muddy puddle.

What could be causing this natural disaster?

Silting. The aquifer, primarily the upper one, does not always carry clean water. Fine sand and clay particles enter the well and gradually settle to the bottom, reducing the height difference between the bottom of the well and the water surface. What is even sadder is that deposits significantly reduce the flow rate of the well, preventing filtration.

By the way: diaphragm pumps with their vibration somewhat accelerate siltation. Centrifugal and surface devices are much more harmless in this regard.

Seasonal drop in water level. In severe frosts or after a long drought, groundwater often recedes by one or two meters.
Depletion of an aquifer by excessive flow through numerous wells and boreholes. If the flow rate exceeds the flow rate, the result will be quite predictable.
Movements or erosion of water-resistant layers, meaning the complete withdrawal of the aquifer to a great depth.

Solutions

Silting

If the bucket is capable of scooping up only dirty liquid from the bottom, while the mirror of water has not lowered relative to the usual level, the conclusions are obvious: the well needs cleaning.

The simplest method has not changed over the past century. A brave hero of a slender physique is armed with a pair of buckets, a ladle and descends into the abyss along a rope. After several hours of tedious and dirty work, the owner of the well celebrates his victory.

Jokes are jokes, but the method is really quite dangerous.

What exactly?

Viscous soaked clay can suck a person so deeply that it will be very problematic to pull him out by tying him with a rope.
The subsidence of the rings due to the swollen base is quite capable of burying the well along with those who clean it.

Is there more safe way sludge removal?

Undoubtedly. However, for its implementation - here is a paradox! - need a large number of at least relatively pure water.

The essence of the method is to blur the silt with a powerful jet:

Water is supplied directly to the bottom under high pressure.
In parallel, it is pumped out and dumped on the ground at a distance by an ordinary fecal pump.

After cleaning, the well is completely pumped out several times. Thus, the remains of silt are removed from the bottom and the nearby area of the aquifer.

Seasonal Level Drop

What to do if, after several weeks of drought, the water in the well disappears?

The obvious answer is to wait. Obvious but not always satisfactory: when the well is the only source fresh water, long wait, sorry for the involuntary pun, smells bad. A healthier solution is to try increasing the depth of the well.

In this case, it is obviously impossible to do the work while on the surface.

In this case, a fecal or drainage pump is also placed on pumping.

Useful: these two types of pumps differ only in their ability to cope with large fractional contaminants. The fecal pump is able to crush lumps of soft clay and pump them along with water; drainage can only cope with suspensions.

After removal of the bulk of the water in the bottom, a shallow pit is torn off. The pump migrates to it, thereby allowing you to take out relatively dry soil. As the bottom deepens, the pit also breaks deeper.
What follows is a long epic involving a pickaxe, a shovel and a couple of buckets.

How to strengthen the walls of a recessed well? As a rule, so-called repair rings are lowered into them, having a smaller diameter compared to the main shaft.

Depletion of an aquifer

A half-measure is an attempt to deepen the well again, lowering its bottom below the fallen groundwater level. Why half measure? Yes, because after you deepen the well, the neighbors who are left without water will do the same. The story will return to its beginning.

A radical solution is the drilling of an artesian well (“on limestone”, to the lower aquifer). The flow rate of the lower horizons, as a rule, is much more difficult to deplete.

Alas, this work is almost impossible to do with your own hands: a drill string 50-60 meters high in stone, even sedimentary rocks, simply cannot be turned. Price running meter wellbore during machine drilling ranges from about 1,700 to 3,000 rubles.

It is clear that deep drilling is the only way out of the destruction of the water-resistant layer under the water-bearing sand. Deepening a well a couple of tens of meters with a dubious result is a strange undertaking.

Useful little things

Finally, let us give the reader a few unsystematized tips for caring for a well.

Suddenly something will come in handy

Before deepening the well, it is better to drill into its bottom with an ordinary garden drill for a couple of meters. What is this instruction about? It's simple: if you take out dry soil, further digging will be useless, the water is gone.
The water becomes dirty not only because of the silting of the bottom, but also because of the displacement of the rings. After that, the mine begins to fall rainwater and the soil it erodes.

Repair of the well in this case comes down to installing a thick perforated plastic pipe in its shaft. The gap between the walls is filled with sand, screenings or small gravel.

Full pumping is best done at least once a year, even if the water level does not fall. You will not only remove the silt accumulated at the bottom: when the water level in the well falls, the flow of water in the aquifer sharply accelerates. Flushing will remove the accumulated suspended solids and most likely increase the flow rate.

Conclusion

If some points remain incomprehensible to the reader, perhaps he will find answers in the video in this article. Good luck!

Wells are among the oldest sources of water supply, but interest in them does not disappear at the present time. A well-functioning well is guaranteed to provide your home with quality water in the required quantities.

Quite often, well owners are faced with a situation where their wells become shallow or dry up completely. In this article, you will learn the main reasons leading to this, and possible options their elimination.

Causes leading to a decrease in the water level in the well

The water level in the well is influenced by many external and internal factors.

If a professional team was involved in the construction of a well on your site, then most of these reasons are taken into account during its construction. However, it is almost impossible to take into account all the reasons.

Sooner or later, many users have to face the problems of lowering the water level or completely drying up wells.

The main reasons may be:

changes in geological conditions in the area where the well is located (raising the bottom elevation, which changes the debit water inflow);
seasonal movements of the aquifer level (decreasing in summer), significantly reducing the inflow of water;
structural defects of the well itself.

Since all these problems have been studied for a long time, there are proven and proven technologies for dealing with them, which include the repair of a well or its reconstruction. Only professional teams whose employees have necessary equipment and qualifications.

With a decrease in the water level or its complete disappearance, one should not immediately make a decision to deepen the well. Perhaps this event is temporary, due to seasonal fluctuations in external factors (drought in summer or hard frost in winter). Moreover, the spontaneous performance of such work can lead to the complete disappearance of water from your well.

Earthworks as a reason for a possible change in the water level in the well

Earthworks carried out in the immediate vicinity of the location of the well can lead to a noticeable decrease in the water level in it. This may be due to drilling wells, arranging pits, pools, other wells (but with a larger displacement). In such cases, work on deepening the well should begin no earlier than 30 days later. Perhaps for specified period water will return.

Do not forget about the sources of water in neighboring areas. If they also have a decrease, then the reason is related to climatic features. It should be dug up only in those cases when the water is completely gone and does not return for a long time.

Do not forget that these works are quite lengthy, time-consuming and expensive.

Reducing the water level in an old well

It makes sense to deepen old wells only in cases where:

the quality of water and its condition do not cause any complaints;
there is simply no place for arranging a new well on your site;
the depth of the well is already more than 10 rings;
there are no significant horizontal displacements between them and column curvature;
the source has dried up completely or the water in it per day is collected in volume by no more than one ring.

If none of the above signs are suitable, it is easier to dig a new well.

If you choose the soil "with a margin", then the rings of the column can completely or partially block the existing aquifer. This will require the digging of a new well, as water will simply stop flowing into the old one.

There is a high probability of getting into quicksand when deepening the well, this will damage not only the well, but also the nearby buildings, so you should definitely inspect the well with specialists.

Deepening the well as a solution to the problem

If the column is not damaged, and the source itself is in an acceptable condition, then a decision can be made to deepen it. These works are carried out according to two options: well rings of a smaller diameter or using plastic pipes. The well shaft should be deepened with the obligatory consideration of the geology of the formations.

When making such a decision, the user must understand that this procedure is irreversible. If the water does not return after such work, you will definitely have to dig a new well.

The deepening of the well is carried out at a time to a maximum depth of 3 meters or more. In dense soils, the deepening of the trunk is carried out openly, without the use of plastic casing pipes, which are installed upon completion of work.

The sampling depth depends on:

the ability of the soil to maintain the shape of the walls without the use of casing pipes;
soil density;
the level of occurrence of the actual aquifers;
the magnitude of the water inflow.

Well deepening technology

The standard diameter of well rings is 1000 mm, therefore, well rings of a smaller diameter, 800 mm, are used to deepen them. In cases where the main well is assembled from 800 mm rings, the recess is 600 mm.

It is possible to dig a well up to a depth of 15,000 mm. Further work prohibited for security reasons. because significantly increases the likelihood of collapse of the walls.

If the soils in the area where the well is located are sandy, then it is recommended to use reinforced concrete rings of the KS-10-9 type.

All work must be carried out under strict observance of safety measures.

Before starting work, make sure that:

concrete rings are fastened with special metal brackets;
there are no traces of the rings falling out from below and their shifts;
seams do not have large gaps.

If a well is deepened on quicksand, then the specialist performing the work should be at this time on suspended structure(swing). The work is carried out by a team of at least three people, because the selected soil should be quickly removed from the well. There are situations when it is possible to dig a well only in winter, because. water at this time is at a minimum level.

The water has completely disappeared.

Possible reasons - the aquifer on which the well worked began to give water additional source(another well with a greater depth or a newly drilled well). In this case, you will have to dig until the next aquifer, which, most often, is located at depths exceeding 5 meters.

The water level has dropped significantly

It's better than none at all. In such cases, they are determined with the history of the flow rate of the specified well, certain calculations are performed to determine how many meters it will be necessary to deepen the well shaft. Practice shows that the minimum levels are observed in summer (during drought) and winter.

Reasons why it is forbidden to deepen the well on your own

These reasons are:

These works are very costly and time-consuming, therefore, they are performed for the well only once and immediately to the maximum possible depth.
Wells are a very complex hydraulic structure. There is a whole range of technologies to prevent the destruction of this structure. For example, performing additional reinforcement of the well column, or dismantling the installed water-lifting equipment.
Special teams have professional training that allows them to objectively assess the potential of the soil at the location of the well, taking into account the peculiarities of the layered arrangement of soils. For dense soils, they deepen the trunk open way, on quicksand - using special equipment.

Performance detailed calculations according to the depth of the aquifer, soils, daily water inflows, etc. should be carried out by professionals. Only in this case you will receive an object, the quality of which will not cause you any complaints.

Compliance with the rules of maintenance and operation of the well, prompt response to changes in the water level in it will allow you to minimal cost carry out work that will fully restore the efficiency of the well available on your site.

Reasons for the well to dry up. Methods for resuscitation of the source, work to restore the functioning of the spring.

The main reasons for the well to dry out

The height of the water column in the well is constantly changing, albeit in a small range. The flow volume increases and decreases under the influence of external and internal factors. Even if the well was dug by professionals, it is not excluded that the source would dry up under the influence of natural forces.

Therefore, remember the water level in the mine, at which you have no problems with water supply. In the well, it is easy to control it by concrete rings. It is also recommended to know the rate of fluid intake and pumping. They will be needed when such troubles appear: the water pressure in the system has fallen and is not restored for a long time; the volume of liquid in the mine has seriously decreased; the pressure in the pipes dropped, but the level in the well did not change.

When problems arise with the water supply, the owners often panic and do not know what to do if the water has left the well. First of all, compare the actual level with the one that was before. If it has not changed, the troubles are most likely related to the incorrect operation of the equipment for pumping water (pump, accumulator, valves) or pipes that may become clogged. The operability of the system is restored by repairing equipment or cleaning the line.

It is much worse when there is less water in the mine than it used to be. There are a lot of reasons for the weak filling of the well:

Wrong location. You can check this version indirect ways: on a summer morning, the densest fog is in the place where the moisture is closest to the surface; moisture-loving plants grow in large quantities in an area where they can easily reach the underground water layer; trees with long roots (such as pine) often grow above a deep water bed that is difficult to reach; the grass is always juicy and dense in those places where there is a lot of moisture nearby.
Seasonal decrease in water. This is the most common cause through which the well dries up. Trouble occurs usually in the hot season and at the end of winter. In the first case, the liquid evaporates in large quantities, and is replenished weakly, and in the second - due to freezing of the soil and the formation of an ice crust on the surface, which does not allow moisture to penetrate underground. In the middle of spring and autumn, the water returns, and its level will be maximum. This is due to the melting of snow and heavy rains that fill the underground layers. Their volume increases, and the liquid enters the well. The seasonal devastation of the source is due to the fact that the well was dug during the period of rains or snowmelt, and the water that appeared was taken as a constant stream. After a very short period of time, the useful layer moves down, and the well dries up.
siltation of the source. Mud covers the vein with a thick layer and blocks the way the liquid enters the mine. The reason may be the collapse of the walls. To restore the flow of water, it is enough to remove the dirt from the bottom.
Depressurization of joints between barrel elements. Cracks may appear after poor-quality compaction or due to frost heaving. In the latter case, the barrel rings are displaced, which leads to the formation of gaps. After long-term operation in the well, for natural reasons, the sealing elements fail, as a result, the liquid flows out through the gaps into the gap between the rings and the soil. The rate of level decline depends on the density of the soil behind the rings. Most often, the problem occurs in the spring, when a large amount of flood water erodes the soil. It is difficult to establish leakage through the gaps. To do this, you will have to completely drain the well and carefully examine the lower part of the trunk.
The presence of quicksand under the spring. Quicksand is a layer of loose soil very heavily saturated with water. This mass is capable of drifting underground. She can approach the well and clog the veins. The appearance of a quicksand is difficult to fix, so in this case it is very difficult to determine the reason for the drying up of the source.
Digging a deeper well in an adjacent area that draws water from the same reservoir as yours. Therefore, ask if anyone has built a mine near your allotment. Often the reason for the drying of the well is artificial pond which is filled from underground sources. In this case, the liquid disappears from all neighbors. This means that the aquifer has sunk to a great depth, and the situation can only be corrected by deepening the spring. The process will require a lot of labor and financial investments, so do not rush to start repair work. If the well is dry, wait 1 month, during which the underground layer will be saturated with moisture, and the water may return.
The spring is located in an area that contributes to the disappearance of water. Such areas include hills, uplands, quarries, a swamp, a river, etc. Often, the problematic object can be several hundred meters away from your property. Beech and acacia plantations, which absorb liquid in large quantities, can also be involved in shallowing.

Ways to restore wells

After determining the causes of shallowing, methods for restoring the source are determined. Information on what to do in each case and what not to do is given below.

Construction of a new well

If water leaves the well due to a decrease in the level of the water horizon, then the problem is solved by deepening the old well or digging a new one. In order to decide on a new construction, good reason. Revise the source and inspect its underground part.

A new well is built in such cases:

The wooden elements have rotted and warped relative to each other by more than 5 cm. It is dangerous to deepen because of the high probability of the mine collapsing and injuring the master. The collapse can also damage the foundations and walls of adjacent buildings.
If a quicksand is found.
With large seasonal fluctuations in water.
It is not recommended to restore very old wells due to the low strength of the elements.
There are doubts about the quality of the water in the new layer.
The next aquifer is too deep.

Features of deepening the crucible

The source is recommended to deepen in such cases:

If the well is newly built and in good condition.
There is no free space on the site.
The quality of moisture in it complies with sanitary standards.
The shaft has a depth of at least 8-10 rings.
There is no space for a new well on the site.
If the water has disappeared or its level has dropped due to the fact that the neighbors have dug a deeper well.
The well is well equipped: pipes are connected to it, a pump is installed, electrical network for equipment.
Relocation of the well will require significant financial costs.
The expected depth does not exceed 15 m, but in most cases 5 m is sufficient.

To carry out the filter recess, you will need a pipe with a diameter of 500 mm, in the lower part of which holes are drilled for water filtration.

Perform the following operations:

Wrap the perforated part with a fine mesh stainless steel mesh and secure it in this position in any way.
Place the pipe on the bottom in the center of the well and fix it in a vertical position.
Using a bailer, select soil from it and gradually lower it to the aquifer.
Fill the bottom around the pipe with sand and stones and concrete it.
Install the canopy over the trunk.
After the restoration of the dismantled equipment, the well is ready for operation.
You can cover the mine with a lid, you get a caisson - an underground chamber in which the temperature will be positive all year round. Install a pump in it, which will ensure an uninterrupted supply of water throughout the year.

Deepening a well by digging is a hard labor-intensive job that only physically strong people can do. Usually sources from concrete rings or wooden frame, as well as springs dug in clay soil and retaining the shape of the trunk.

The sequence of work is as follows:

Pump out all the water.
Securely connect all the elements of the mine to each other.
Lower to the bottom of the master.
Remove the soil from the trunk with a bucket. This will require 1-2 assistants on the surface.
Periodically pump out the water that appears.
As you deepen, the rings will drop. During operation, control the uniformity of their movement. Skews are not allowed.
After achieving the desired result, install additional rings from above or fill the vacant space with a new frame.

You can not lower the existing shaft, but install new elements of a smaller diameter in the lower part. If the well is built from rings with a diameter of 1 m, additional products should be 0.8 m in diameter.

Well shaft repair

If the mine is in good condition, you can begin to repair it. The work is best done in winter or late autumn when the groundwater level is at its lowest.

Prepare the well for repair work:

Dismantle the superstructure above the spring.
Pump out all the water.
Raise the pump or other fluid lifting device.
Additionally, fix all the elements of the underground part of the well together so that they do not move during the work. For such purposes, you can use metal staples.

Basic operations are performed if you can say with great certainty why the water in the well disappears. Based on your findings, choose a repair method.

The main options for restoring the health of the source are as follows.

Installing the plastic "stocking". In this case, a well is installed in the well for its entire length. plastic pipe, and the gap between it and the old mine is filled with sand, gravel or other materials that pass water well. A plastic "stocking" is used if it is not possible to eliminate water leakage between the seams or if it is torn underground part springs. The problem may arise after a horizontal or vertical movement of the mine from frost heaving or as a result of poor-quality repairs.
Well cleaning. This method is used in case of silting. To work, you will need a high-capacity drainage pump that can raise liquid mud to the surface. The principle of the method is to pump dirty water into a sealed container, which is then fed under high pressure back into the well. A strong jet removes dirt from the veins and can even wash away the quicksand. The procedure is repeated several times. After achieving the desired result, the dirt is pumped out of the mine.
Sealing well seams. If water has disappeared in it due to cracks in the trunk, pump out all the water. The procedure will have to be repeated often, and it must be done quickly, so use a pump. Clean the joints of dirt, algae, concrete chips and plaque with a scraper, wire brush or strong fluid pressure. Remove the part of the wall that has crumbled or delaminated. Prepare a mortar of cement, sand and liquid glass. Such a mixture hardens within 7-10 minutes, so knead it immediately before work. The consistency of the substance should resemble plaster. Close the gaps with a spatula. If water constantly seeps through the gaps, cement mortar will not help - it will be washed out before it hardens. In this case, use special materials - peneplaga, hydrostop or hydroseal.

What to do if the water has left the well - look at the video: