How to prevent drywall seams from cracking. How to cover the stove so that it does not crack - folk and modern methods The stove is cracked - we determine the reasons

After years of operation, even the most solid and strong houses can give slack. In many cases, this manifests itself in the appearance of cracks in the walls and ceiling. The streaks may be microscopic at first, but will inevitably increase over time. If defects are not repaired, they can cause damage to the inside and outside of the building. As a result, the wall decoration will completely deteriorate. Today we will tell you why cracks can appear and how to fix them.

Cause of cracks

It may seem that the only reason for the occurrence of cracks is the wear of the walls, but this is not entirely true. The deformation is affected whole line factors. Cracks can appear at a shallow depth and width of the foundation, excessive pressure on the soil, which can lead to its mobility. This often happens with older buildings.

Problems can also arise if the foundation was poured poor quality materials such as gravel or concrete. For such structures, the concrete grade must be at least M 200. The above factors are associated with a violation of construction technology, but these problems are not limited. The house is able to sink due to the rise of groundwater, the slope of the site, the destruction of the foundation body, or the heterogeneity of the soil.

Before reinforcing, it is necessary to carry out a primer with a deep penetration composition.

Another factor is the quality of the materials from which the walls are built, how resistant it is to and external influence. Cracks can appear due to their swelling, vibrations or shrinkage, too busy street traffic. Harsh weather can also cause cracks in the walls.

Elimination of cracks with reinforced mesh

If your walls sag, most suitable way repair - mesh reinforcement. It consists in stretching special plaster or painting nets based on fiberglass onto a plaster or putty layer. is sold with mesh sizes of 2x2 mm, and plaster - from 5x5 mm to 45x45 mm. When plastering or doing painting works the grid should not be completely immersed in a thick layer of solution.

The mesh absorbs tensile stress and prevents cracking. The material can stretch up to 3%, but if the building settles or moves a lot, the mesh will not help. Putty or plaster will peel off the surface and hang on the mesh itself.

Wall crack repair (Video)

Mesh reinforcement is used in certain cases. For example, at the corner joints of walls made of different materials: one wall is drywall and the other is plaster. If your walls are about 5 years old, the entire surface may crack due to shrinkage of the concrete. In this case, it is not necessary to reinforce the entire surface, but you can do it in the corners.

Such brickwork need to be disassembled and replaced with a new one. Fresh bricks are laid in the so-called "brick castle". It is better to use pieces of reinforcement that cover the gap as part of the masonry. Bricks are sorted from top to bottom. If the masonry cannot be disassembled, the gap is closed cement mortar. Depending on the length of the gap, T-shaped metal anchors are driven into it, which are fixed with dowels on both sides of the wall. Cracks in brick walls can also be sealed. After the material hardens, it is cut to a depth of 2 cm. The cavity is sealed with cement mortar.

How to fix cracks in concrete walls?

If you have cracks in concrete wall, before starting the main work, it is required to perform some preparatory actions. First, the opening in the wall needs to be widened. Then the surface is thoroughly cleaned of dust and plaster residues. Then carry out a primer and moisten the surface to be treated. There are several ways to repair a concrete wall.

The first involves crack blowing mounting foam and puttying. Mounting foam is sold in cylinders. This foam is great for mounting, because it expands 2-3 times in volume after application. The material can be used not only with concrete structures, but also with wood and metal.

In the second case, the gap is filled with cement mortar. After removing foreign objects, it is washed and filled with a solution. For best results, use an expanding compound. After treatment, the crack is moistened for 2-3 days in a row. Polyvinyl acetate can be added to the cement solution.

High-quality finishing of cracks will be obtained if they are filled with resin. It begins to be introduced immediately after the preparation of the wall. Attention! Be sure to wear gloves and goggles to protect yourself from harmful effects resins. Cracks can also be repaired special formulations for concrete restoration.

conclusions

Any appearance of cracks should give a signal that the walls need to be repaired urgently. Do not delay with this and, if possible, try to repair it yourself. It is not as difficult as it seems at first glance.

floor, it is necessary to make a screed, that is, level it with cement mortar.

It makes the floor surface smooth and even, under the surface you can hide communications and defects.

But sometimes the treated surface begins to crack and deform.

Why the floor screed is cracking, and how to fix it, is of interest to everyone involved in repairs.

Everyone knows that it is easier to prevent defects altogether than to eliminate them later. There are many reasons for the formation of cracks in cement screed where the most common are:

Solution mixed incorrectly. Incorrect laying of components leads to cracks. Usually, for the convenience of applying the solution, water is poured, more than expected, it turns out liquid and a layer of water appears on the surface of the filler floor, which gradually leads to the formation of cracks during drying.
Lack of reinforcement. If you put expanded clay or polystyrene under the screed, which are not suitable for the floor in the room, then the reinforcement will be too “soft”, almost absent. To avoid problems, it is necessary to lay a special mesh for reinforcement.
Violation of the thickness of the screed. According to the technology, the height of the screed layer is at least 30 mm, if special polystyrene foam is placed under it. If the screed rests on expanded clay - at least 50 mm.
Forced drying of the self-leveling floor. At the end of the manufacture of the screed, you can not open the windows and make a draft. Cracks appear if the solution dries quickly.
Not imposed expansion joints. When the area of the room is more than 20 square meters, it is necessary to put expansion joints on the floor made of polyethylene foam, cut into strips.
No floor care in the first days. In hot weather, the screed dries quickly and cracks, in order to prevent this, it is required to moisten the floor with a solution in the first days.
Fixing beacons with the wrong solution. If the beacons are fixed on alabaster or gypsum mortar, defects may form due to the different properties of the set and the release of moisture.
Do not put damper tape on the walls of the room. This tape should be applied around the perimeter of the room and all openings.
Inappropriate transition of the old layer to the new one. The old layer and the new one are applied without overlap. Otherwise, it is in the places of such a connection that cracks may appear.
Thin layer over communications. Any communication pipes can pass along the floor, which can indirectly contribute to the reduction of the screed layer, which will lead to its cracking.
Didn't put vapor barrier film. If the base is too porous and absorbs a lot of moisture, there is a greasy or bituminous stain on it, then a film must be put on it.

Do you do the screeding yourself or hired construction team, it is necessary to fulfill these requirements for the manufacture of the screed - so, you can avoid the occurrence of cracks on its surface.

Causes of cracks in screeds during drying

To prevent cracks in the cement screed, it is necessary to dry it properly.

Before making a layer, it is necessary to determine the load on the floor and select the appropriate brand of cement.

If heavy equipment or furniture is to be installed on the floor, then the grade of cement for preparation should be taken higher.

Filling the screed must be done in compliance with all requirements and rules.

small crack

First of all, it is necessary to clean the area of the proposed elimination of the defect. Here you should expand the crack with a chisel and a hammer to a depth of 1 cm. The crack should turn out like a groove narrowed at the bottom.

Clean the area and remove dust from it with a vacuum cleaner or sandblasting machine. The entire prepared surface is treated with epoxy resin mixed with a solvent in a ratio of 1:10.

After work, the surface is allowed to dry. This is required for the strength of the bond between the repair mortar and the base. Then it is necessary to fill the crack with mortar, allow to dry, clean and sand.

scale crack

The order of actions is represented by a list:

Prepare the area for repair and deepen the crack with a grinder up to 5 cm.
Then it is necessary to make deep grooves on both sides of the crack and hollow out the whole with a chisel.
Remove dust and cover with mortar epoxy resin.
Since the crack is large, the repair mortar is applied in several passes.

To repair large cracks, metal staples are used: it is necessary to make cuts across the recess to a width of 1.5 cm and a depth of 2 cm, put repair mortar and a staple in them.

Lay the entire crack in this way with a mortar, allow to dry, clean and sand.

Pothole repair

Initially, the grinder cleans the pothole to a depth of 2 cm. The concrete is removed from the cavity with a perforator, after which it is necessary to remove the dust. Next, the pothole is primed with epoxy.

After the primer has dried, you can fill the pothole with repair mortar and level it flush with the floor. After the mortar hardens, it is cleaned and polished.

Repair of bay areas

The screed section, which is movable under load, is called baying. Repair of such areas begins with the removal of the coating until the surface is stable.

Having removed the coiling fragments, you can carefully examine the concrete base under it - there may be a fault on it. Next, you should remove the movable concrete floor, dust and prime everything.

After the primer dries, the crack is filled with a material similar to concrete and allowed to dry. Repair of the resulting pothole begins with the removal of debris and dust, then primed and allowed to dry.

Subsequently, refill cement-sand mixture movable section of the screed, level the solution flush with the floor with a wide spatula.

Repair of a movable screed with injections

Injection is the most advanced method

Swelling areas can be strengthened by injection.

To do this, you must first determine the area of delamination and mark it with a marker.

Drill or drill holes with a diameter of 7-10 mm and 25 mm.

Fill building syringe low viscosity epoxy and fill all holes.

Let the resin dry and go through all the holes again with a syringe.

Gradual filling with a repair compound gives time for concrete impregnation and filling of the exfoliated area completely.

As soon as the level of epoxy in the holes stops dropping, stop pouring.

During the day, the resin will harden, so it is better not to walk on the site.

It is important to know that if the area with defects is more than 30% of the area, then the screed must be completely replaced. Repair and pouring do not require great skill, the steps are simple and even beginners in construction can do them. The main thing is to follow all the rules and recommendations for pouring.

More about screed repair - on the video:

Very often, homeowners are faced with cracks in the walls, some of them spread like cobwebs along the putty, but there are also cracks tearing the building. Knowing the true reasons for their appearance, you can stop their growth, and then proceed with the repair and decoration of the house.

Errors during construction, leading to the appearance of cracks in the house

The old private houses were built by the owners, who used the help of relatives and friends. Sometimes they didn’t even have a specific plan, so houses were built without calculations and thoughtlessly upset by extensions. private rooms. Information on how to properly make a foundation or reinforce concrete was also lacking.

Often, some believed that the more iron in the foundation, the better. Such a base was reinforced with anything, up to pieces of tin and any scrap metal. The second common option for building a foundation leading to the appearance of cracks is the complete absence of reinforcement. The foundation of the house was laid out of brick or wild stone, not taking into account the peculiarities of the soil on which it was built.

All this led to the fact that many houses began to sink over time, the foundations cracked, and the extensions moved away from each other, forming rather large and dangerous cracks. Some of them appear, but eventually stop growing and do not require strengthening the foundation. To determine the method of correcting a defect, you must first find out whether the crack threatens to collapse the wall or not, and then determine the cause of the crack.

How to determine the type of crack

Cracks are superficial, in which only a layer of plaster cracks, and through, passing through the entire thickness of the wall. To find out the type of damage, it is necessary to establish whether the crack continues to grow or whether it has already settled and does not change in size.

This is determined using glass beacons. A narrow long strip is cut out of thin glass, which is fixed with gypsum at its ends on both sides of the crack. The central part should remain clean and be on top of the crack. It is better to knead the gypsum thicker so that it is easier to glue the glass. Its walls are so smooth that the ends of the glass beacon constantly slide off, so you need to hold it with your hands for a few seconds until the plaster completely hardens.

Signs of determining the depth of cracks:

superficial (retractable cosmetic repairs) - after a month, the glass remains intact. Such a crack has already stopped and is not growing;
destroying the house (requiring major repairs) - the glass burst within a month. The discrepancy continues and it is necessary to look for the causes of this process and urgently eliminate them.

Most common cause the appearance of such cracks is a violation of the integrity of the foundation and subsidence of the soil. Destruction occurs with loose soil or a small area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation, not designed for the weight of the walls. Sometimes the foundation is blurred groundwater. If you do not restore the strength and integrity of the foundation and do not exclude its further subsidence, it will be impossible to repair the cracked wall. No matter how many times it is plastered and no matter how it is strengthened, the crack will appear again.

We remove cracks in the house that can destroy it

You can strengthen the foundation different ways, but the most reliable is to make it whole again with the help of proper reinforcement and an increase in the area of \u200b\u200bsupport on the ground. To achieve this, you need to dig a trench close to the foundation, about one and a half meters long and 40-50 cm wide. The depth should be about 40 cm below the foundation, but not less than to the freezing point.

Then we remove the soil from under the foundation, to the level of the bottom of the trench. This will allow concrete to spill under the old base and increase its area by almost half, while reducing the load on the ground by the same amount.

We reinforce this space with reinforcement rods with a thickness of at least 14 mm, laying them horizontally along the foundation and sticking the ends into both sides of the trench by at least 20 cm. There should be six or more such rods. Two rods at the very bottom, two in the middle and two on top. Such an arrangement of reinforcement in the foundation makes it work not for bending, but for breaking, which is ten times more effective.

We drill holes in the foundation to drive pieces of reinforcement into them and weld them with the rods laid earlier. Then we fill this trench with concrete, making sure that the solution fills the void under the foundation well. Ideally, it is recommended to use a vibrator for this, but if this is not possible, you should vibrate the concrete well by hand using a long rail.

There are several such trenches under the wall, the number is determined by the distance. The gap between the trenches should be about two meters. After the concrete has set (usually two weeks are enough for this), you can start digging the same trenches between the resulting new foundation blocks.

By pulling out the following trenches, you will free the ends of the reinforcement bars (which were previously driven into the ground by 20 cm) and will be able to connect the individual blocks of the new foundation together into a solid reinforcement belt using welding and two-meter pieces of rods.

After pouring all the trenches with concrete, a strong new foundation will be obtained with an increased area of \u200b\u200bsupport on the ground and tightly connected to the old foundation. Now you can safely proceed to repair the crack itself, since the new reinforced foundation will not allow more wall diverge.

To repair a crack, first of all, it is necessary to clean its edges from such parts of the wall and plaster that are barely holding on. Then it must be filled with some kind of solution, the choice of which depends on the width of the crack and building material from which the wall is made.

If the crack is small, the most in a simple way it will be filled with mounting foam, followed by plaster and putty. When the crack is large, the hole is filled with the material from which the damaged wall is composed, with further finishing.

The most difficult repair is a crack on a wall that is lined with finishing brick. Before laying, broken bricks are knocked out, and new ones are put in their place, adjusting according to the masonry pattern.

Cosmetic repair of cracks on the walls

If the glass beacon has shown that the crack is no longer expanding, there is no need for such a complex repair. It is enough just to produce cosmetic.

To do this, the crack must be processed, removing all the pieces that do not hold well, and filling it in, as described above. When the hole is closed, the surface is plastered and puttied. In this case, it is recommended to use construction grid for plaster.

The mesh must be glued onto the crack so that its edges extend ten centimeters beyond the sides of the crack, and only then plaster this place. The mesh will create additional reinforcement and prevent the appearance of new microcracks from material shrinkage.

Also, when repairing a house, you sometimes have to deal with microcracks that appear on normal and well-fortified walls due to thermal expansion. This is usually due to the fact that a reinforcing mesh was not used during their puttying. It is best to completely putty such walls, reinforcing them with a mesh. This will ensure that microcracks will not appear in the future. But if this is not possible in this moment, you can use elastic putty mixtures to repair such defects.

Do not try to fill large cracks with mounting foam or other materials, as you will accelerate its expansion. Through cracks are the most dangerous and their strong divergence leads to the collapse of floor slabs. This method can only be used temporarily to survive the cold season, during which overhaul make it difficult.

Highly common problem, do You make repairs to yourself, assembled 2 or 3-level ceilings, and did not have time to finish it yet, as the seams on the ceilings began to crack.

A very unpleasant situation that takes a lot of time, effort and nerves to correct.

Why Do Drywall Seams Crack?

But before we talk about how I close up the GKL seams, let's try to figure out why these same seams are cracking:

As a rule, all builders blame the shrinkage of the house for this, but this is not always the case. Well, I would also like to note. that it is not drywall that is cracking, but the putty between the drywall seams.

The main reasons for the formation of cracks in the seams of drywall

Use of weak profiles and suspensions. (Buy a profile with a thickness of 0.5-0.6 mm, with profiles of 0.3-0.4 mm, forget about quality work)
Violation of the seam sealing technology.
Violation of temperature and humidity regimes.
exceeding the permissible load. associated with house shrinkage.

How to seal drywall seams so they don't crack

Before proceeding with the sealing of the GKL joints, all wet work in the room must be completed.

The procedure for sealing joints is quite simple:

1) We prime the GKL seams with a deep penetration primer, or the entire ceiling). Let's wait for the primer to dry for 4-12 hours and proceed to the next step.

2) We cover the seams with a putty of the type: Uniflot, after 1 = 2 hours we pass the second layer if necessary. We wait for the complete drying of the putty, and proceed to the next step.

3) Now we will glue the paper tape on the PVA glue.

We cut off the desired piece of paper tape, and apply a thin layer of PVA ley on the tape and the surface of the drywall seam. We glue the tape, smoothing and removing all bubbles with a rubber spatula.

After the glue dries, 13-24 hours, make sure that there are no bubbles left on the glued tape, and there are no delaminations, now you can putty the ceiling with ordinary putty.

If you did everything right, the GKL seams will not crack.

Alexander Borisov, Samara

A crack can appear on the wall of the house at any time, and the owners of the building immediately wonder how dangerous this phenomenon is. Experts distinguish between two types of cracks - passive and active. And if in the first case the defect in question can be “removed” with your own hands, then in the second you will have to involve professionals in the work. But first you need to understand what factors provoke the appearance of cracks.

Table of contents: - -

Causes of cracks in the house

It is believed that in the first five years after building a house, cracks appear on the walls in 90% of cases - experts call this natural shrinkage, which does not pose any danger. But it also happens - the house has been for many years, it is quite habitable, all structures are regularly repaired, but cracks still appear. What is the reason for this phenomenon?

Firstly, cracks in the house may appear due to violations in the technology of erecting the walls themselves. For example, if the dressing of brickwork was carried out incorrectly.

Secondly, the phenomenon under consideration on the walls of the house may be caused by non-observance of the sequence of construction works. For example, they often carry out communication systems (water supply, sewerage) after the construction of the house - you have to dig the foundation, which negatively affects its quality characteristics.

Thirdly, foundation settlement often occurs - for example, due to compression of the foundation soils or too much pressure on the foundation of the house. This is possible if the construction of the foundation was carried out without preliminary calculations and design. Most Common Mistakes:

during the construction of the foundation, geodetic surveys were not carried out, the nature of the soil was not studied;
the soil resistance taken as a basis was erroneous, greatly overestimated;
geodetic surveys on construction site carried out in the summer - the level of groundwater rise was not calculated;
a mistake was made when choosing the type of foundation - for example, instead of a columnar one, a linear one was laid;
no calculations were made of the depth of the foundation base, its thickness - usually data on past construction sites are taken as the basis for these parameters;
laying technology violations sand cushion under the foundation - for example, insufficient thickness layer or poor-quality tamping of sand.

Note:cracks in the house old building can also arise due to structural changes in the building. Often, owners build a subfloor in a foundation that is not intended for this, and the result will be displacement / shrinkage of the foundation base.

When found, even small crack the main question arises - is it dangerous? Checking this is quite simple - you need to install a control beacon and observe the "behavior" of the crack for a long time. Professionals put special control beacons - lamellar, which must be registered with the supervisory authorities. At home, with independent solution problems, you can use one of the following methods:

stick a strip of paper on the crack indicating the date of installation;
cook gypsum mortar and put a strip of it on the crack.

And then it remains only to wait and periodically check the status of the control beacon. It may take several months before any conclusions can be drawn - experts say that it is necessary to control the crack for 8-12 months.

How dangerous it is will be shown by the rupture of the control beacon - if there is such a phenomenon, then it will be necessary to apply complex technical solutions to fix the problem, if there is no gap in the beacon, then you should not worry at all.

Methods for eliminating cracks in the house

Different cracks are eliminated in certain ways - you must first determine the level of the problem.

Note:if the control beacon showed a rapidly expanding crack, then no methods of repairing cracks with your own hands will help - they will only have a short-term effect. Be sure to invite specialists to solve the problem, otherwise the consequences will be the most terrible - the collapse of the wall or the entire structure!

How to fix a crack in the house from the inside

If small cracks are found on the wall inside the house, then fixing them is easy. All you need is a primer and a special putty mesh. You need to act according to the instructions below:

we clean the surface of building materials, finishes - the wall should turn out perfectly clean;
we use a deep penetration primer (with such a marking!) - we cover the entire cleaned surface;
glue the putty mesh on the entire prepared surface;

Note:it is necessary to cover the entire area of damage on the wall with a special mesh - even small sections of cracks should not protrude beyond it.

We apply a small layer of putty on the grid and leave it to dry completely.

Only after the putty layer has completely dried, you can start grouting the surface and gluing wallpaper or other finishing materials.

Elimination of a crack in the house from the outside of the wall

In the event of the appearance of small cracks outside the house, you should proceed according to the same principle as in the above option. Procedure:

the place of the crack is cleaned from plaster or debris;
we apply a layer of deep penetration primer and glue a putty mesh on it;
put putty on. But! In case of repairing a crack on the outer walls, it is advisable to use a special reinforced putty - it is resistant to the negative effects of atmospheric changes.

If cracks in outside the walls of the house went not only on the plaster, but also extended to the brickwork, then you have to make much more effort. And in this case, the algorithm of actions will be as follows:

Note:the metal mesh should cover the entire surface intended for applying a new layer of plaster. So blurry new plaster will not, which will allow you to flawlessly apply finishing materials.

This situation means only one thing - it is urgent to take drastic measures to eliminate such a problem. If you ignore all the recommendations of specialists, limit yourself only to the above repair options, then the result will be the collapse of the whole house. But a beginner can also cope with the work of eliminating such complex active cracks - the main thing is to strictly adhere to the following instructions:

All plaster from the wall at the location of the crack is knocked off - be sure to maintain a distance of 50 cm on each side of the crack.
The crack is cleaned of mortar and dirt - this can be done with a metal spatula.
The cleaned crack is filled with mounting foam.
Fastening metal plates that will tighten the crack, preventing it from spreading further. In doing so, the following points must be taken into account:

the plate must be chosen from a thick, high-quality metal;
to obtain an optimal result, you will need to tighten the crack with at least 3 plates, and if the crack is long, then 4 or 5 metal plates may be needed;
plates are fastened with self-tapping screws, but with the use of dowels.

After applying the fastening metal plates, you can continue to work according to the usual algorithm - priming / fixing the reinforcing mesh / applying new plaster.

But keep in mind that such measures serve as a temporary measure, since without a specific formation it will not be possible to determine the cause of the appearance of active cracks. Most often, in the future, it will be necessary to carry out corrective work on the foundation - it is either strengthened / strengthened, or the walls / roof of the house are raised and the base is completely replaced.

Prevention of cracks in the house

In order not to have to deal with cracks in the house, you should familiarize yourself with the prevention of such a phenomenon.

Firstly, if only a house is being designed, several points must be taken into account.:

conducting geodetic surveys should be mandatory - this will help determine the type of soil, the location of the aquifers, the depth of the groundwater;
even at the stage of drafting the project, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of building a subfloor / cellar under the house - this will entail serious structural changes;
be sure to familiarize yourself with the depth of freezing of the soil - the depth of the foundation will depend on this.

Secondly, when buying an old house, pay attention to the existing walls, invite specialists to assess their condition - often the cracks are hidden behind small cracks. serious problems in the stability / reliability of the entire structure. Another point - there should be a blind area around the whole house - this will prevent moisture from entering the foundation, and therefore, will serve as a prevention of its destruction.