Make a combined bathroom in a panel house. Combining a bathroom and toilet in a panel house: advantages and disadvantages, design stages

Bathroom and toilet are the two main types of premises in which redevelopment is most often carried out. Redevelopment work is not always an easy process, and not only because of the volume of work to be done. Any redevelopment requires mandatory compliance with everything construction process existing SNiPs and construction legislation of the Russian Federation. What standards are provided for work in “wet” areas of living space?

Basic Rules

In apartment-type residential premises, it is strictly forbidden to carry out redevelopment work, the result of which will be the location of a plumbing unit, shower or toilet above the living space of the neighbors’ apartment, including kitchen premises. This is described in detail in paragraph number 3.8. sanitary and epidemiological standards and regulations numbered 1.2.2645-10 and paragraph number 9.22 of building codes and regulations No. 31-03-2003. Exceptions are provided for redevelopment work in two-level apartments - in such a room it is permissible to place sanitary and hygienic premises above the kitchen space of the lower level of your own apartment.

That is, when planning to move or expand a bathroom, toilet or shower area, you can count on meters occupied by non-residential space - corridors, storage rooms, utility rooms. Any attempt to increase the area of a bath or toilet by adding square footage above the living space is illegal. By carrying out such redevelopment, you, according to the norms of construction law, lower the level of living conditions for your neighbors. If such a fact is revealed, you will face administrative punishment, and you will have to eliminate all the consequences of your own initiative at your own expense.

You can use the living space on the floor below without breaking the law only if you live on the first floor (above the basement) or if there is a non-residential premises under your apartment, for example, a basement or a store.

The above information fully applies to the work of moving the bathroom. Moreover, work on redevelopment of plumbing units often affects the installation of sewerage systems - pipes have to be moved. It is not always possible to move sewer pipes in compliance with all the requirements for their location, and therefore it is wiser not to touch the pipes at all, but to make sewer connections using specialized pumps.

Waterproofing during redevelopment

The second significant point in the redevelopment of bathtubs, showers, and other types of sanitary facilities is the mandatory work to ensure waterproofing of the floor covering. The requirement is regulated by building codes and regulations No. 2.03.13-88.

Let us explain in more detail: if reconstruction work or moving “wet” areas to another place has gone beyond the level of the previous location, it is your direct responsibility to completely remove the previous coating and replace it with a new one, with increased waterproofing properties. You will need not only to carry out all the necessary work in this direction, but also to draw up a special document upon completion - an act. This act requires mandatory certification by the author’s supervision authority or management company.

It is also important to understand that all redevelopment work is carried out in accordance with the agreed construction project (Appendix 1 to Moscow Government Decree No. 508). A private person cannot develop a project; project activities in the Russian Federation can only be carried out by organizations that have an SRO.

Flooring

The law of the Russian Federation also regulates the arrangement of floors in the premises of a bathroom, toilet, plumbing unit (you can read in detail about the requirements in paragraph 4.11 “ Technical requirements and rules for design, installation, acceptance, operation and repair (in development of SNiP 2.03.13-88 “Floors”).

According to the text of this document, the flooring in the reconstructed “wet” type area is always laid below the finished floor level by 15-20 millimeters. Simply put, you will have to lay the floors in the remodeled space below the floors in other rooms or install a special high threshold at the entrance to the room.

Entrance to the bathroom

Russian building codes strictly prohibit the arrangement of the entrance to a sanitary and hygienic area with a toilet from the side of living rooms - bedrooms, halls, kitchens (clause 3.9 of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10), the entrance to such a room must always be from the corridor or other non-residential space type. There is an exception to the rule - it is permissible to arrange an entrance to the area with a toilet from a residential premises if there is a second bathroom with a toilet, the entrance to which comes from the corridor or other non-residential area. The arrangement of hygiene zones without installing a toilet allows the organization of an entrance from a room of any type.

Ventilation

According to clause 11.5 of Appendix 1 of Resolution No. 508 issued by the capital government, it is strictly prohibited to reduce the natural ventilation zone in any way. All these tempting additional meters of space are common house property, and not the property of the owner of a particular residential premises. To obtain permission to use ventilation and sewer shafts, you will need to organize a special meeting, in which all residents of your house must take part.

The meeting is organized to obtain the consent of the remaining residents for your redevelopment activities that affect common property (clause 5, Appendix 3, resolution No. 508 issued by the Moscow government). In practice, implementing all the above measures turns out to be extremely time-consuming, so experts in the field of apartment redevelopment recommend not getting into the ventilation and sewer space, but looking for other options for increasing the area of the bathroom and toilet.

Finally

There are other nuances that must be taken into account when carrying out remodeling work in bathrooms, toilets, and sanitary facilities. It will be difficult for a person who is little familiar with the standards in the field of construction legislation to comply with all the requirements without violations, therefore, when planning work on the reconstruction of premises with redevelopment, it is best to seek help from professionals.

They will be able to help you develop the correct redevelopment project, have it approved by the necessary authorities, and after all the work has been completed, draw up the necessary documentation in the form of acts and have them certified. Contacting design and construction organizations is beneficial, first of all, due to the significant savings in personal time and money - you do not have to study all the building codes yourself and study the list of authorities in which you need to coordinate the redevelopment of the apartment.

Moreover, for the development of a project to expand a bath or toilet, there are standard projects applicable to most modern apartments. By using a ready-made project (and making the necessary additions and changes to it), you can quickly go through the approval stage and begin work directly.

The bathroom is the smallest room in the apartment. However, of course, no less attention should be paid to its arrangement than to the other rooms of the home. The most in a radical way Increasing the degree of comfort of the bathroom is its redevelopment. You can do it in several ways.

Of course, when planning to make any changes to the configuration of the toilet and bathroom, you should take into account certain rules provided for by SNiP standards.

Optimal layout

Of course, the redevelopment of the bathroom and toilet should be carried out with the preliminary drawing up of the project. Planning is carried out with mandatory consideration of:

Location of the sewer riser and passage of water pipes.
Minimum permissible distances between plumbing fixtures.

Designing bathrooms, done according to all the rules, will allow you to create a truly comfortable room.

Rules for placing household appliances

We think this small photo gallery has convinced you that the layout of bathrooms and toilets should be thought out to the smallest detail. The layout of the restroom is selected, first of all, so that the plumbing fixtures can be placed in it taking into account the required standards.

When drawing up a bathroom plan, you should be guided by certain standards

The design must be carried out taking into account the fact that, according to SNiP standards, the free space in front of the bathtub or shower stall must be at least 70 cm. A passage of at least 60cm should be left in front of the toilet. On both sides of it - 25cm. There should be at least 70cm of space in front of the washbasin.

Redevelopment methods

How can you re-equip a toilet so that it is as comfortable as possible? There are several options for remodeling restrooms.

Combination

The layout of a bathroom with dimensions of up to 3-4 sq m does not allow this room to be used with sufficient comfort, even with rational placement of plumbing fixtures. Therefore, small restrooms are usually combined with bathrooms. Such redevelopment allows you to give the bathroom a much more modern appearance.

A combined toilet can actually be very convenient

Advice: You should not combine a toilet with a bath in apartments with too many residents. In this case, the convenience of increasing the area will most likely be negated by the inability to use the room for a long time.

By combining it with a bathroom, a bathroom can be remodeled in a panel, block or brick house. Removing the septum is not a very complicated procedure in any of these cases.

Partitions in standard apartments not too thick and easy to remove

Expansion with utility rooms

A small bathroom, the layout of which does not allow for a sufficient number of household appliances, can be expanded, including by combining it with an adjacent storage room. Sometimes the restroom is also - partially or completely - expanded at the expense of the corridor. Of course, the latter combination option is only possible when the corridor is not a passageway.

Thoughtful redevelopment. Combining a bathroom with a storage room

It is not allowed to combine a toilet and a kitchen, as well as to expand the area of the first at the expense of the area of the second. Exceptions in this regard are provided only for ground floor dwellings. It is forbidden to place toilets above the kitchens of apartments located below. It will be possible to legalize the redevelopment only if these conditions are met.

Moving the door

The layout of the bathroom in Khrushchev and even in late Stalinist houses is sometimes ill-conceived and inconvenient. After moving the door, some of these restrooms may have additional space to install, for example, a washing machine or even a shower.

Photo of a small restroom with a shower. Relocating a door in certain situations is a truly advisable operation

Important: Establishing an entrance to the toilet from living rooms is prohibited by regulations.

Relocating a bathroom

SNiP also allows such reconstruction as moving the restroom to another place in the apartment. Of course, such redevelopment can only be done in a large home.

Important: Toilets may only be moved to additional or utility rooms.

The procedure for moving a bathroom requires careful preliminary planning.

Small typical bathroom: what can be done

The project of a combined bathroom or a separate one in new buildings is usually already initially drawn up in such a way that it is convenient to use this room, but it looks modern. Only the owners of apartments in old Soviet-built houses are interested in the issue of redevelopment of latrines. Therefore, further we will take a closer look at how you can convert typical tiny "Khrushchev" toilets.

Typical toilets in old apartments are usually very small

Remodeling a bathroom in Khrushchev

There are only two ways to increase a separate toilet in small apartments:

Combine it with the bathroom.
Combine it with a bathroom and an adjacent corridor. In this case, the entrance to the kitchen is from the living room.

Modern beautiful combined bathroom in Khrushchev

Any combination scheme requires the preliminary implementation of such a procedure as coordination in the relevant authorities. To obtain permission, you will need to apply first to the BTI, and then to Zhilniiproekt, SES, to the district architect, DEP, to the Housing Inspectorate, MVK and then to the prefecture. At the final stage, an inspector from the BTI will come to your house and check the compliance of the redevelopment with the project.

Optimal placement of plumbing fixtures

In a small standard Khrushchev toilet of 2 sq m, you can install, perhaps, a toilet bowl. After combining with the bathroom in the bathroom, it will not be difficult to place a bidet, headset, washing machine, etc.

You can even install a small, convenient set in a combined bathroom

Traditionally, the layout of the combined bathroom in Khrushchev is as follows: a bathtub and a toilet bowl are at opposite walls, between them is a sink. By entering small changes You can add free space to such a room. To do this, change the bathtub to a shower stall or corner option, and the toilet is moved closer to the opposite wall or even hung directly on it.

You can beautifully decorate a typical combined restroom even without remodeling

On a note: In a very tiny combined bathroom of 3 sq m (in old economy class houses there are such), instead of a shower stall, you can use a modern shower panel that takes up almost no space.

Shower panel in a small bathroom

The sink in a typical combined bathroom can be equipped with a long (on the entire wall) countertop and place cabinets for storing household appliances and towels under it.

Visual expansion of the area

The layout of a 4 sq. m or 3 sq. m bathroom can be anything. However, of course, such a room will not look especially spacious anyway. You can slightly correct the situation using various design techniques that allow you to increase the area purely visually.

Project designs for combined bathrooms. You can also try to expand the area of a small restroom visually

This can be achieved in several ways:

Using only light pastel shades in the decoration of a shared bathroom.
By properly arranging lighting fixtures in the bathroom. Be sure to hang a lampshade or a small chandelier on the ceiling. It is also advisable to use lamps on both sides of the mirror.
By decorating the floor and shower area with the same material.
Using a matte finish with medium sized elements.

By finishing the shower area and the floor with the same material, you can visually enlarge the room somewhat.

The conclusion from all of the above can be made simple. When drawing up a project for arranging a bathroom, you should first of all consider the possibility of expansion due to redevelopment, think about the placement of furniture and household appliances and choose the most suitable design. In this case, the restroom will be comfortable and beautiful.

When carrying out renovations in an apartment in a multi-storey building, very often, in order to expand the space and increase comfort, it is planned to remodel the bathroom and toilet. Usually this question concerns small rooms and is provoked by the need to place the washing machine closer to the water supply and sewerage units. Today, a washing machine is an integral attribute of any combined bathroom, as you can see by looking at the photo in the article.

It is recommended that you initially draw up a detailed project for remodeling the bathroom and involve only qualified specialists who have the necessary experience and know all the intricacies of this event. Only in this case can it be guaranteed high quality work done and compliance with prescribed standards.

It is important to remember that remodeling bathrooms in many cases is accompanied by changes in the structure of the building, installation of new communication systems and electrical wiring, which requires approval from certain authorities.

Before you legalize the redevelopment in the bathroom, you need to draw up detailed plan indicating all planned redevelopments, exact dimensions and description of the materials used. Before drawing up a project, you need to familiarize yourself with all the requirements and regulations. For example, it is prohibited to remodel the bathroom and toilet if they are located above the living space or the existing walls are load-bearing.

The main stages of work during redevelopment

The entire complex of work carried out must be laid out in a strict sequence, which will significantly improve the quality and reduce the time spent. A step-by-step action plan before enlarging the bathroom will look like this:

dismantling old equipment and plumbing;
destruction of unnecessary walls;
cleaning the room from old cladding on all surfaces;
moving the bathtub in the bathroom, laying new communications and replacing electrical wiring;
leveling the surface of the walls and sealing all cracks;
priming surfaces, applying a layer of waterproofing and pouring screed;
covering the premises with finishing materials;
installation of plumbing elements and electrical appliances;
room decoration and general cleaning.

The redevelopment of the bathroom and toilet may deviate slightly from the specified list depending on the tasks assigned.

Positive and negative aspects of redevelopment

Like any other type of reconstruction and repair work, remodeling a bathroom also has its pros and cons, which, unfortunately, are not always taken into account. Positive indicators include:

significant increase in space;
by removing one wall, you save on the purchase of finishing materials;
remodeling the bathroom frees up space for installing additional equipment in the form of a washing machine or bidet;
the absence of a second door, which visually enlarges the corridor.

Remodeling a bathroom also has such negative qualities as:

significant inconvenience if more than three people live in the apartment;
foreign odors in the bathroom;
the financial costs of relocating water supply and sewerage mains increase significantly;
tedious procedure for obtaining the necessary permits.

Before renovating a bathroom with remodeling, you should carefully weigh all these indicators.

Redevelopment in a small apartment

In small apartments built during the Soviet Union, few people cared about comfort, and remodeling a small bath to increase space is becoming relevant. To solve this problem, it is usually enough to remove the partition between the bathroom and the bathtub, and simply cover the second entrance door with plasterboard or brick it. In most cases, when moving a bathroom in such apartments, they block the door from the bathroom side and place a washing machine with furniture in this place.

It is important to remember that in small Khrushchev buildings the walls of the bathrooms are part of the overall frame of the building and to carry out such work, permission to remodel the bathroom is required from the relevant authorities.

Redevelopment in a panel house

Unlike Khrushchev, remodeling a bathroom and toilet in a panel house is much easier, since the bathroom and toilet are usually presented as a separate built-in unit and are not part of the building’s structure. This allows the partition to be demolished without special permits. Since the room here is much larger, remodeling the bathroom provides more opportunities in terms of moving the sewerage and water supply systems.

In panel houses you can increase space in two ways:

demolish the partition between the bathroom and toilet;
redevelopment of a small bathroom using the space of the corridor.

The most commonly used option is to demolish the partition between the toilet, this is usually enough for a significant expansion. But many people do not accept the very fact that the toilet is located in the same room as the bathroom and consider it unsanitary. In such cases, remodeling a bathroom involves using part of the corridor to install furniture and a washing machine.

If the entrance door to the apartment is located close to the bathroom, then this renovation option will not allow you to gain much space. But if the front door is located further than 1.5 meters from the bathroom, then remodeling the bathroom in the apartment using the corridor is quite acceptable.

Household nuances

Before planning such work, it is necessary to decide at a family council whether remodeling a standard bathroom will create inconvenience for all family members. It is also recommended, even without major design changes, to still draw up a work plan and approve it with the housing and communal services authorities in order to avoid possible fines in the future.

It is also necessary to take into account all possible financial expenses in advance by drawing up a detailed estimate and work plan, so that remodeling the bathroom does not suddenly become an expensive pleasure for you in the midst of work.

A small bathroom and toilet in panel houses or Khrushchev-type houses creates inconvenience for residents, and it is often impossible to install modern equipment in them. Combining a bath and toilet allows you to solve the problem of insufficient square meters. What is allowed when redeveloping this room in an apartment, what documents are needed and the consequences of non-legalization await the residents?

Do's and Don'ts

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In cases where redevelopment is appropriate, it should be carried out with caution, since the transfer plumbing equipment may affect utility networks, which can cause an accident: flooding or collapse of supporting structures.

In addition, when carrying out repairs, it is imperative to waterproof the floor, since this room is classified as “wet”; it will be impossible to legalize the redevelopment without observing this rule.

Can be performed during redevelopment:

reinstallation of equipment in the bathroom and toilet;
installation of devices for high power consumption;
change of heating and gas devices;
re-equipment, expansion of openings for doors, arches in load-bearing walls, creating them yourself is prohibited;
changing the design of the floor, if its design is not affected, then you need to draw up a report hidden work, for example, for waterproofing;
replacing doors, if they do not lead to an expansion of the dimensions of the premises;
if the work does not involve changing the façade of the building, then approval is not required;
it is possible to coordinate the installation and dismantling of non-load-bearing walls and partitions between rooms, except between apartments;
installation of nets to protect against sand and insects.

Important: you cannot increase the area of the bathroom at the expense of the living space, living room or bedroom. Also, you cannot place a bathroom in the kitchen if there is a room in this place on the next floor.

Such a layout will not be approved due to non-compliance with the requirements of the regulatory, technical and sanitary framework.

Safety rules also prohibit:

place the entrance to the bathroom from the living room or kitchen; from the bedroom it is possible to make an entrance only if a wheelchair user lives in the apartment;
if there are two toilets, then the door of one of them should still not go to the kitchen;
waterproofing must be carried out completely during repairs, this means that you need to remove old screed and put a new one on top, lay a tile or other waterproofing material, these works are reflected in the act of hidden work, otherwise an autopsy is performed to establish the fact;
the floor in the bathroom should be no lower than 1.5-2 cm than in the rooms; if necessary, concrete should be poured and a new screed installed in residential premises; the need for such work can be eliminated by installing a dividing threshold.

Interesting: for comfortable use of plumbing equipment, compliance with the standards for the area in front of them is required. So, in front of the shower or bathtub there should be at least 70 cm, in front of the toilet - from 60 cm, in front of the washbasin - from 70 cm.

Replacing sanitary equipment with identical ones in size is carried out without notifying the service company on whose balance sheet the house is placed, and authorized organizations in the field housing construction. When changing the installation location of appliances, for example, a bathtub from one place to another, or rearranging a toilet, approval of the redevelopment is required.

The most commonly used redevelopment scheme is combining a bathroom and toilet. This allows you to install a shower cabin and free up space for a washing machine or additional equipment.

The wall between rooms is usually not load-bearing. Its demolition does not require drawing up a project declaration; approval of the sketch is sufficient.

This especially applies to the last floors. In addition, by eliminating one doorway, a space is created that can be used to install furniture. Sometimes, according to the initial redevelopment project, shortcomings with the arrangement of plumbing equipment can be solved by transferring appliances to new places.

Redevelopment of a bathroom in a panel house is carried out taking into account the type of construction. For example, work in Khrushchev will be significantly different. It is better to entrust installation and construction to companies with SRO approval, so it will be easier to legalize redevelopment.

In panel houses, interior walls are made of metal and building gypsum. Next, one of the doors of the bathroom, usually a toilet, is blocked. Then, if necessary, utility pipes are moved and replaced, and everything is completed by finishing the walls and laying tiles. The main thing is to preserve the air cushion and ventilation duct even when installing a suspended structure.

Legislation

The redevelopment process is regulated by the norms of the Housing Code, in particular on the definition of “redevelopment” and “redevelopment”, the procedure for their approval and implementation. Based on this, the grounds for holding violators accountable for unauthorized actions are spelled out.

In Moscow, the redevelopment procedure is regulated by Government Decree No. 73.

Construction and engineering works are carried out in compliance with certain SNiPs and the requirements of the Town Planning Code.

Based on current legislation, the following types of work are permitted without approval:

dismantling built-in furniture, cabinets;
air conditioner installation;
the formation of an opening in the non-load-bearing wall of the interior partition.

Redesigning the layout should not cause the following consequences:

deterioration of the operational characteristics of the premises;
difficult access to utility networks and communications;
changing the functionality of the ventilation system.

How to coordinate the redevelopment of a bathroom and toilet

Redevelopment is carried out in two ways:

In a simplified manner, if they are not affected bearing structures premises

To carry it out, a sketch is sufficient. To do this, you need to request a floor plan from the BTI and mark the planned changes in red on it. In this form, the document is submitted with the application and title papers to the authorities authorized to approve changes.

Scheme for minor rearrangement of equipment inside the bathroom and toilet, installation of new equipment, if the work does not involve changes in thickness, shape or other parameters ventilation shafts, since their arrangement is provided for in the original design of the building.

In addition, these parts of the building belong to the common property of the owners of premises in an apartment building; accordingly, their dismantling or replacement requires obtaining consent at a general meeting of owners. The number of votes in favor must be at least 73%

Standard redevelopment according to the project

Such changes affect the load-bearing structures of the room and their functional purpose. They can be expressed, for example, in the demolition of the partition between the bathroom and the toilet, moving the room to another additional area, for example, a corridor or storage room.

This method is also applicable in cases where it is necessary to install new equipment, a bidet or shower, since water consumption in this case increases. Approval is also required from the management company if the apartment is not installed individual counter consumption, and the calculation takes place according to a common house appliance

When developing a project, you need to pay attention to the outlets of sewer pipes, the placement of ventilation and electrical wiring.

The development of project documentation should be carried out by a specialized organization that has the appropriate SRO approval and specializes in the development of construction acts. This will save time on obtaining permission from the Housing Inspectorate.

Rearrangement of the premises, which consists of rearranging plumbing equipment, refers to redevelopment and is required for approval, even if the partition has not been demolished.

In practice, there is also a redevelopment of a separate bathroom. Usually such changes are favorable when living in an apartment. big family in connection with the separate use of the bathroom and toilet.

What documents will be needed

A set of papers depends on the capital changes in the design of the premises.

It is necessary to provide the building supervision authorities with:

sketch on copy floor plan BTI under a simplified procedure or a redevelopment project;

sample application;

cadastral passport;

coordination with neighbors if the changes concern their living quarters;
permission from the Housing Inspectorate;
an act on the conformity of the work specified in the sketch or project;
coordination of redevelopment from BTI;
the applicant's identity card or a notarized power of attorney from a representative.

Interesting: carrying out work to change the structural elements of the premises and change their functionality is possible only in houses obtained under agreements on shared participation in construction, only after receiving a certificate of ownership certified by Rosreestr.

For an apartment in municipal ownership, it is additionally required to obtain the consent of the property manager - the district administration that provided housing under a social tenancy agreement or on the basis of a warrant. When several people live in an apartment, each person needs permission for redevelopment, the same applies to shared ownership.

In the absence of the consent of at least one of them, the redevelopment procedure is carried out only through the court by force.

If it is necessary to register changes in the unified state register, it will be necessary to produce a new cadastral passport and a technical passport of the BTI with the amendments made. These documents are transferred to Rosreestr. You will also need to provide receipts for payment of state fees to the accounting authorities.

When increasing the area of the premises or installing new equipment, permission will also be required from the management company on whose balance sheet the house is located, which calculates utility bills.

When going to court, if it was not possible to agree on a sketch or project in the usual manner, it is necessary to draw up a statement of claim and state in it the reason for filing the petition: the refusal of the authorities to register the changes, other property owners or residents to approve the redevelopment.

Responsibility

If the apartment was inherited from the former owner with modifications that were not included in the technical documentation, it is necessary to legalize the changes made. Otherwise, it will be impossible to dispose of the apartment until the housing is restored to its original condition and the consequences of the redevelopment are eliminated or permission is obtained from authorized government agencies.

In the absence of permitting documentation, a protocol of administrative violation will be drawn up. The fine for cases in this category is 2.5 thousand rubles. for individuals. However, if, as a result of making changes to the premises, the load-bearing structures were affected and destruction occurred, then the perpetrators are held financially liable on the basis of civil law.