UDC "Priboy" is many times better than the vaunted "Mistrals" (3 photos). Large landing ships of the Russian fleet
Recently, the Mistral story has quietly left the news pages. In general, it is understandable. Reading the details of litigation is boring and uninteresting. But the more time passes, the more often different details emerge, like pieces of a puzzle, forming an extremely curious picture.
And now another new fragment has appeared. Vladimir Kozhin, Assistant to the President of Russia for Military-Technical Cooperation, announced success in negotiations with France. He promises to complete the preparation of the agreement for signing within a month. The exact amount of compensation has not been announced, but apparently it will amount to about a billion euros. The French are trying to bring it down below a billion. They say that such a figure will be "easier to operate". Apparently this is like the figure on the price tag, ninety-nine kopecks looks somehow more comfortable than one ruble. However, Russia is unlikely to agree to anything less than nine hundred million. These are costs already incurred by us and are also refundable. So we didn't throw money away. And this is good.
And even better, at last, confirmation began to appear that the story with the Mistrals was not started out of an empty whim. Even if we leave aside everything that Russia won geopolitically with this contract (and there is a lot in itself), we managed to gain access to the urgently needed modern technologies shipbuilding. Including the military. Only very naive and technically illiterate people can think that building a large ship is a trifling matter that anyone can do with one hand. Something like, I read the book "Programming for Dummies" and in the morning wrote my own operating system, cooler than "Windows". In reality, things are very different. It is not enough to buy a licensed ACAD, you also need to learn how to use it fully. It is best to do this with a recognized master. It is not cheap, the master takes a lot for study. But in general, the result per circle is worth it, because it costs several times cheaper than an independent path of trial and error. Then the cost of a mistake is too high. So the order of two DCKs is exactly the very payment for the right to learn.
UDC type "Mistral" in the port of Saint-Nazar
Apparently, the study of Russia clearly went for the future. Firstly, the Nevsky Design Bureau has developed its own project for a multi-purpose amphibious assault ship. UDC "Priboy" has a displacement of 14 thousand tons, length - 165 m, width - 25 m, speed - up to 20 knots, cruising range - up to 6 thousand nautical miles, autonomy - up to 60 days. It is capable of carrying on board up to 500 paratroopers and 40-60 units of military equipment, as well as 8 Ka-52 and Ka-27 helicopters. Although the Priboi displacement is less than the Mistral (14 thousand tons versus 21.3 thousand tons), it is not inferior to it either in cruising range or in landing capacity, and even surpasses it in autonomy.
In general, such a site is normal for an expeditionary company of the Marine Corps. No mistake, just a company. Since when operating in isolation from the rear base, it is not enough to have only a soldier with a machine gun. Someone has to repair his weapons, deliver cartridges, provide communications and reconnaissance. Therefore, for one soldier directly, there are usually at least two "auxiliary" people. And they also need to be placed somewhere. Therefore, it turns out that 500 paratroopers does not mean five hundred infantry.
Model of UDC "Priboy", Nevskoe Design Bureau
But that is not all. Secondly, apart from the "Surf", the French desert wind also brought about the "Avalanche". At the military-technical forum "Army-2015" in Kubinka Central Research Institute im. Academician Krylov presented their project of a universal amphibious assault ship. Displacement 24 thousand tons, 3 thousand tons more than the "Mistral". Details about the UDC "Avalanche" are still less known. Armament: Pantsir-ME naval anti-aircraft systems and AK-176M and AK-630M-2 Duet gun mounts. 16 helicopters: combat Ka-27, transport-combat Ka-29 and attack Ka-52K. 6 assault boats of type 03160 "Raptor". Airborne capacity up to 500 people or 50 units of armored vehicles. In fact, this is almost a complete analogue of the Mistral, with adjustments for differences in approaches to the composition of the landing group.
So, to all appearances, the issue of mastering experience can be removed from the agenda, and from the French, as they say, "take money". If at the Mistrals Russia built only stern sections at its shipyards, then we will do everything completely ourselves. It remains only to find the answer - why does the Russian fleet need ships of this class at all? And here is something to think about.
Model of UDC "Avalanche", TsNII im. Academician Krylov
Based on the current state of affairs, the Russian Navy does not have now and will not have in the near future tasks, the solution of which requires universal amphibious assault ships. In general, UDCs are something like a large floating barracks, capable of bringing an autonomous amphibious subunit to hell and providing them with landing and conducting full-scale combat operations there. The Russian airborne forces were created and sharpened for much smaller missions. Therefore, the landing fleet was built according to completely different principles. The main one is the scheme of landing "from coast to coast". Those. paratroopers are loaded onto a ship, which brings them to the landing site and delivers them directly to the shore. While the UDC scheme implies that from the ship's side to the coast, the landing force is delivered by an intermediate link - landing boats, which usually accommodate up to an infantry platoon. Or a couple of APCs. Or one tank. Differences in schemes lead to fundamentally different tactics of the landing itself and completely different organization of the entire operation as a whole. Therefore, it is impossible to simply take and integrate a ship of a different class into our usual system.
Landing of a Marine armored personnel carrier from a landing ship of the Russian Navy
However, the fact that such sums were "paid" for mastering the technologies of large-scale shipbuilding, and completely domestic projects appeared on the stands, at first glance, we do not need ships at all, makes us think. Work of this kind is not carried out off the beaten track. These are private companies that can afford any experiments on their own whim. Therefore, the country's leadership is already thinking about creating a full-fledged ocean-going fleet. Presumably, the fact that we do not see any need for it now does not mean that it will not appear in the medium term. And what should happen for Russia to need landings on very, very distant shores?
Heavy nuclear missile cruiser "Peter the Great", Russian Navy
In my opinion, this is possible only in one case, when its current hegemon, the US Navy, disappears from the Ocean. Of course, the NATO countries still have their own kind of fleet, but even in the best case they are capable of deploying only an auxiliary grouping with limited capabilities. So only the US Navy "keeps the sea". I mean, they are currently being controlled. But if we admit for a moment, say, the ruin of America, or some other serious crisis fraught with its weakening (at least in the form of the withdrawal of individual states from the general federation), then the picture takes shape ... The American fleet will inevitably leave the Ocean, and nature hates emptiness ...
Several years ago, the development of the Russian amphibious fleet was one of the main topics for discussion. Subsequently, well-known events took place, as a result of which the cardinal renewal of the fleet was postponed indefinitely. Subsequently, the shipbuilding industry proposed new ways to modernize the navy. If they are implemented, the Russian Navy will receive a number of new landing ships, so far known under the general name "Priboy".
Recall that the layout of a promising Priboy-class landing ship was first shown at the Army-2015 military-technical forum two years ago. At the same time, the estimated characteristics of the ship were announced. In the future, the landing ship project has repeatedly become the topic of official statements and publications in the press. The recent International Maritime Defense Show, held in St. Petersburg, became a new occasion for the emergence of reports on the progress and future of projects to create amphibious assault ships.
On June 28, Igor Ponomarev, vice-president of the United Shipbuilding Corporation for military shipbuilding, spoke about the progress of work towards the creation of new landing ships. According to him, the management of the shipbuilding industry already has some considerations for further work. There is an understanding of all the main technologies, and the development has also started. In addition, the circle of possible builders of promising ships was determined. Ships of the Priboy type can be built at the Severnaya Verf enterprise, at the Baltic Shipyard or at Sevmash. All these factories have extensive experience in the construction of surface ships.
Soon new details became known. ongoing work... On June 29, the TASS news agency published an interview with the General Director of the Nevsky Design Bureau, Sergei Vlasov. The topic of the conversation, which took place at the IMDS-2017 salon, was a promising landing ship project, considered as a possible addition or even a replacement for existing ships. The head of the design organization revealed some details of her work in the field of promising landing ships.
According to S. Vlasov, the promising landing ship is still at the pre-design stage. At the same time, the exact shape of the new ship has not yet been determined. Many options for the ship are being considered, and the final look will be chosen by the customer. Also, the head of the Nevsky Design Bureau noted that it is possible to use different options for the landing ship. You can create a helicopter carrier, a general purpose landing craft, or a helicopter landing dock ship. S. Vlasov suggests that the most probable option looks like a universal amphibious assault ship, reminiscent of the French "Mistrals", but with some differences from them.
The interviewer of the TASS publication recalled the new developments of the Nevsky Design Bureau, mentioned in the reporting documentation. So, in the annual report of the design bureau, work was mentioned to create a new modification of a promising helicopter-carrying dock ship, adapted to work in the Arctic and capable of landing troops directly on the ice. The displacement of such a ship, like the base model, should reach 15 thousand tons. S. Vlasov noted that the design bureau is indeed developing such ships.
Landing ships of the Arctic class are created on an initiative basis, taking into account the prospects for the development of the fleet. Nevsky PKB cannot stand still, and therefore is engaged in new projects that are offered to the navy. According to the general director of the design bureau, in the project of the landing ship for the Arctic there is nothing complicated with points of view technology. In order to avoid sad consequences, the ship should be distinguished by a reinforced ice-class design.
The same report mentioned the existing projects of landing ships built on the basis of a universal design module with a displacement of 10 to 35 thousand tons. First of all, on the basis of such a product it is proposed to develop a universal amphibious assault ship with a displacement of 30 thousand tons or a helicopter landing dock ship twice smaller displacement. As S. Vlasov explained, similar results can be obtained by using the available volumes different ways... This is what leads to different displacement.
S. Vlasov also noted that some developments of the Nevsky Design Bureau are included in the new state armaments program. At the same time, he did not specify which projects will be developed in the foreseeable future.
On June 30, new information appeared about the possible ways of development of domestic amphibious ships. This time important topic touched upon the head of the department of advanced shipbuilding of the Krylov State Scientific Center Vladimir Pepelyaev. In this case, it was about the already well-known Priboy project, which can be developed and even reach the construction of ships. The research organization has already evaluated some of the features of the new project, and also determined the approximate time frame and cost of the required work.
According to V. Pepelyaev, the promising landing ship will cost the customer about 40 billion rubles. This "estimate" includes all the required design work, the construction of the lead ship and its subsequent tests.
The specialist also announced the approximate deadlines for the completion of work in the event of an order. The preliminary design, according to V. Pepelyaev's estimates, will take about a year. The subsequent preparation of the technical project will take about six months. It will also take some time to create working-design documentation, after which a rather lengthy construction will start. In total, no less than five years will pass from the start of the design to the transfer of the ship to the customer.
Nevertheless, the Krylov State Scientific Center or related design organizations have not yet begun work on the landing ship project due to the lack of a corresponding order and technical specifications. In his interview, V. Pepelyaev revealed the possible course of further events. If the Ministry of Defense in the very near future makes a fundamental decision on the start of work, then by the end of the year the Center, in cooperation with the Nevsky PKB, will be able to complete an advanced project. Then the Design Bureau will be able to start developing a full-fledged project, according to which construction will be carried out.
The relatively quick completion of the preliminary work may be facilitated by certain features of the current project. During IMDS-2017, Director General of the Krylov Center Vladimir Nikitin said that the concept of the Priboy project has not undergone significant changes since its presentation at the Army-2015 exhibition. Nevertheless, at the request of the customer, certain changes can be made to the project. In accordance with the requirements of the military, the position of the missile systems can be changed, and it is also possible to use a bow ramp.
While representatives of the shipbuilding industry talk about existing plans and possible ways of developing the fleet, the leadership of the Ministry of Defense remains silent. The question of building new amphibious ships in addition to the existing ones is regularly raised at various levels, but real action in this direction are not yet available. The command recognizes the need for such ships, but the development of new projects and construction has not yet begun. Moreover, at the moment it is not known when such works will have to start.
According to the heads of shipbuilding enterprises, several preliminary projects of promising landing ships of different classes, differing in technical features and capabilities, are being worked out at once. In particular, the Nevskoye Design Bureau has worked out a number of options for the appearance of such ships, and the Krylov State Scientific Center continues to demonstrate materials for the Priboy and Avalanche projects. Which of the proposals will be approved and will be developed in the interests of the navy is still unknown.
The most elaborated and interesting at the moment is the project under symbol"Surf". This project, proposing the construction of a universal amphibious assault ship, was created by the Nevsky PKB several years ago and presented in 2015. From the very beginning, the new ships were considered as a possible replacement for the Mistrals, which were never transferred by France. Subsequently, suggestions were made about the possible start of construction of new ships, but so far the Priboi were not laid down and were not even ordered.
The mission of the Priboy-class ships is to land troops on the equipped and unequipped coast using helicopters or landing boats. For the solution of such tasks, the Priboy has characteristic features that distinguish it from other domestic amphibious assault ships. So, for the transportation and operation of attack and transport helicopters, it was proposed to use a large flight deck, which occupies almost the entire area of the hull.
According to the published data, the ship will have to have a displacement of 14 thousand tons, thanks to which it will be able to carry a fairly large payload. In the internal compartments of the hull there were areas sufficient to transport several dozen units of armored vehicles or hundreds of paratroopers. The dimensions of the deck made it possible to transport up to eight helicopters and ensure their operation. It was planned to include both transport helicopters and attack or anti-submarine vehicles in the aviation group. In the aft part of the hull, it was proposed to place a dock chamber suitable for transporting two or four landing craft of existing types. The ship is supposed to be equipped with a gas turbine power plant capable of providing sufficiently high running characteristics.
The possibility of equipping the ship with a developed complex of weapons for various purposes was considered. In particular, it was assumed that air defense in the near zone could be carried out using the Pantsir missile and cannon complex of a special ship modification. It should be noted that a few days ago the official presentation of such an air defense missile system took place, which led to a new wave of discussions on the spheres of its application, including in the context of the development of the amphibious fleet. Probably, the project does not provide for its own strike weapons.
The model of the Priboy, demonstrated since 2015, has a number of important features. So, for disembarkation of equipment, a bow ramp and a stern docking camera can be used. The first can be used by self-propelled amphibious equipment, while the second is designed to work with landing craft. In addition, the assault force can be delivered from ship to shore using existing types of helicopters. As has been repeatedly noted earlier, the need to use one or another means of amphibious assault will be discussed with the customer. In particular, the topic of such a discussion will be the bow ramp, which is necessary for the landing of equipment in the immediate vicinity of the coast.
At present, the Priboy landing ship exists only in the form working documentation and exhibition layout. The situation is similar with the Avalanche project. This project of domestic designers provides for the construction of a larger universal amphibious assault ship with improved characteristics and increased capacity of internal compartments.
With a length of about 200 m and a maximum width of more than 30-32 m, the Avalanche ship should have a displacement of 23-24 thousand tons. With the help of a gas turbine power plant, it will be able to reach speeds of up to 24 knots, and the cruising range will reach 6,000 miles with autonomy up to 25-30 days. In the cargo compartments it will be possible to transport up to 50 units of armored vehicles of various classes. It also provides for the transportation of 500-900 paratroopers from. The aviation group will include 16 helicopters for various purposes. The dock camera will allow the use of boats of existing and future types. The armament complex will include various systems to protect against air attack.
According to recent reports, the design and construction of new amphibious assault ships is included in the new state armaments program. According to various statements and estimates, the first ships of the new type could be built by the middle of the next decade. With a successful combination of circumstances, by 2025, the head and the first serial landing ships new type.
From the latest news it follows that the command of the navy, after several years of preliminary study of the issue, decided to initiate the development of promising amphibious assault ships capable of complementing the existing grouping and significantly increasing its potential. At the same time, however, the new program has not yet started, which is why a lot of critical issues has not yet been resolved. Work in this direction, most likely, will begin next year, together with the start of a new state program, scheduled for 2018-25.
To date, the leading shipbuilding enterprises have worked and proposed to the military department whole line options for the appearance of landing ships for one purpose or another, differing in all the main parameters, capabilities, etc. Thus, the command of the fleet has the opportunity to form its own requirements and choose one of the proposed options that best corresponds to the terms of reference. In addition, it is possible to start the development of a new project from scratch.
According to the estimates of the design organizations, with the earliest start of the full-fledged development of one of the proposed projects, all the required work, including the construction and testing of the lead ship, will take at least five years. Thus, within the framework of the new state armaments program, it will be possible to build and transfer to the fleet no more than a couple of ships.
The latest on the development of promising landing ships for the Russian fleet look optimistic, but there are no serious reasons for joy so far. Shipbuilding and design organizations have worked out the issue and proposed their options for promising ships, but the Ministry of Defense has not yet initiated full-fledged work, the result of which will be the start of construction. However, recent statements show that the military department understands this situation and is already planning to launch new project... Thus, the development of a promising landing ship can begin in the very near future.
Based on materials from sites:
http://tass.ru/
http://ria.ru/
http://lenta.ru/
http://interfax.ru/
https://vpk.name/
https://defendingrussia.ru/
http://bastion-opk.ru/
The statements made recently in the Russian media by representatives of the Ministry of Defense and the United Shipbuilding Corporation that our fleet has ordered the design and construction of 2 universal amphibious assault ships (UDC) of the new Priboy project indicate that Russia has begun to independently create aircraft-carrying ships.
Initially, during a period of rather ill-considered spending of budgetary funds and their abundance due to oil surplus profits, the Russian Navy ordered two universal amphibious assault ships in France (the Mistral project). In 2015, the delivery of the finished first Mistral was disrupted due to the problems of foreign policy of the French side - European shipbuilders returned the money paid, and Russian specialists dismantled the installed devices and systems domestic production... Also, for the new type of UDC, a deck version of the Ka-52K Katran combat helicopter was developed - now the vehicle is being tested and will be serially built from 2019. As a result, the new helicopter will only be based on new aircraft-carrying ships of the already Russian project - Priboy. Plus, another promising machine will appear on their deck, which will replace the Ka-27/29/31 family (one of the previously mentioned names of the Ka-65) - its design is also underway.
What will the new aircraft-carrying ship with a displacement of about 24,000 tons be like? According to the available open data, the Priboy project is the development of the Nevsky Design Bureau. The 180-meter ship with a flight deck up to 30 meters wide will be equipped with a new Russian gas turbine power plant. It will be able to transfer up to 500 paratroopers (up to 50 units of military equipment) at a distance of up to 5,000 nautical miles (more than 9,200 km). The maximum design speed of the surf is 22 knots. In addition to the ship's air group of 16 combat, anti-submarine and amphibious helicopters, the ship will be able to land amphibious assault forces using 6 boats of Project 11770 and / or Project 02510. Own armament of the new Russian UDC will comprise 1 universal 100-mm artillery mount A-190, 3 anti-aircraft missile systems "Palash", 2 anti-aircraft missile systems "Pantsir-M".
Shown for the first time publicly in 2015, the UDC layout (ON PHOTO) looks generally standard for ships of this type. The military expects to receive the first Surf in 2024, and the second in 2025 or 2026. The implementation of this project fully fits into the logic of creating its own aircraft carrier fleet that was already passed in Soviet times: first, helicopter carriers were built, then aircraft carriers (though with cruising weapons - aviation “supplemented” the main caliber of Project 1143/11435 ships - anti-ship missiles). As can be seen from the numerous publications in the specialized media, Russia is now "entering" the construction of aircraft carriers through the creation of amphibious helicopter carriers. The construction of full-fledged aircraft carriers is predicted precisely for the period after 2025 (when both Priboi will already be in the fleet, and real experience in the development and construction of new domestic large aircraft-carrying ships will be gained).
In any case, after the destruction of the USSR in our country, finally (without unrealistic statements to the public), we reasonably approached the development of such a component of the Navy as aircraft carriers... The deadlines were announced real, and the main thing is to ensure their implementation. Moreover, the Priboy project will seriously improve in terms of technology and quality the current Russian shipbuilding, which is reviving after many years of crisis and stagnation.
The supply of two Mistral amphibious assault helicopter carriers to Russia has turned into an interest in domestic developments in this area. Currently, with almost 100% probability, we can say that France will not hand over to Russia the already built Mistrals. In these conditions, the Nevsky Design Bureau (PKB) has created a project for an amphibious assault ship that can become an alternative to French ships. In particular, at the stand of the main command of the Russian Navy in the framework of the Army-2015 forum held in the country, a new universal amphibious assault ship of the Priboy project, developed by specialists of the Nevsky Design Bureau, was presented in the form of a mock-up.
This ship has a displacement of about 14 thousand tons with a draft of 5 meters and is able to carry on board up to 8 Ka-52K and Ka-27 helicopters (29). The landing ship will be able to reach speeds of up to 20 knots, and its cruising range will be 6 thousand miles, and the autonomy of the campaign will be 60 days. The ship will be 165 meters long and 25 meters wide. The universal landing ship of the Priboy project will be able to carry on board up to 40-60 units of various equipment and up to 500 paratroopers. UDC will be able to take on board four landing boats of project 11770M or two boats of project 12061M. At the same time, its air defense will be built on the basis of the Pantsir-M sea-based air defense missile system.
The construction of the first ship of the series is planned to begin in 2016, reports RIA "" with reference to its source. At the same time, information appeared earlier that the Russian fleet will receive a new amphibious assault ship of a new generation by 2020. Vladimir Tryapichnikov, head of the shipbuilding department of the Russian Navy, spoke about this in June 2015. According to him, the new ship will many times surpass the Ivan Gren large landing craft in displacement (displacement of about 5 thousand tons), apparently, Tryapichnikov spoke then about the Priboy UDC. Presumably, 4 ships of this type will be built for the needs of the Russian Navy.
Model of the UDC "Priboy".
It should be noted that the UDC of the Priboy project fits well into the look of a modern amphibious assault ship. In terms of its main characteristics, it will approximately correspond to the main parameters of the Holland's universal amphibious assault ships of the Rotterdam or Johan de Witt type, which were chosen as samples. These warships also have a displacement of 14-16 thousand tons, are able to carry up to 500-600 marines and carry 6 helicopters on board and required set floating landing craft.
However, the Priboy project ship is the future of the Russian fleet, this project has only reached the stage of a model and it may take quite a long time until it is built and put into service. Below we will consider the large landing ships that the Russian Navy actually has or will very soon have (the Ivan Gren large landing craft should take over by the end of 2015).
Large landing craft project 1171 "Tapir"
Project 1171 large landing ship (BDK) of the ocean zone (code "Tapir", according to NATO codification "Alligator") is intended for the landing of amphibious assault forces with military equipment on an unequipped coast with a low slope of the bottom, as well as for the transfer of cargo and troops by sea. The ship is able to land amphibious units directly ashore, and amphibious equipment can be lowered into the water. The lead ship of this project "Voronezhsky Komsomolets" was laid down on February 5, 1964 on the stocks of the Baltic shipyard No. 820 "Yantar" in Kaliningrad. The ship was launched on July 1, 1964. For all its shortcomings, it was the first large landing craft in the Soviet Union, which, with an expeditionary battalion of marines on board, could serve for some time in remote areas of the world's oceans. For ten years from 1964 to 1974, 14 ships of this project were built in the USSR, which were produced in four different options... For almost 20 years, the ships of Project 1171 formed the basis of the strategic amphibious forces of the USSR.
The ship had a total displacement of 4650 tons, draft was 4.5 meters, length - 113.1 meters, width - 15.6 meters. The full speed of the large landing craft of the Tapir project was 16.5 knots. The cruising range was equal to 4.8 thousand miles (approximately 8.9 thousand kilometers). The sailing autonomy of the large landing ship in terms of provisions and fuel (without replenishing them during the cruise) for the first ships of the series was 10 days, for subsequent ships - 20 days.
The landing device of the ship includes a bow gate with a ramp, as well as a hinged sealed hatch located at the stern. The equipment can be loaded onto the ship on its own through the stern or bow landing device. There are special cranes on the ship for loading cargo on the upper deck or through hatches into the twin deck. The landing of troops from the ship can be carried out afloat, and non-floating equipment can land directly on the coast, while minimum slope the bottom should be 2-3 degrees (depending on the weight of the cargo taken on board the ship). Among other things, the BDK project 1171 could be used to transport ammunition, as well as to transport missiles in containers.
The ship's power plant is diesel, consists of two power units with a capacity of 4.5 thousand horsepower each (engine models differed depending on the modification of the ship). Armament could also be different and consisted of a twin universal shipborne artillery mount ZIF-31B of 57-mm caliber and two twin 25-mm 2M-3 guns. Also on the ship were mounted two installations of the multiple launch rocket system "Grad-M", designed to support the landing. For air defense, the Strela-3 MANPADS were to be used.
BDK project 1171 could take on board up to 20 main battle tanks, about 45 armored personnel carriers, or 50 trucks and from 300 to 400 airborne troops. The members of the landing force were housed in two rooms under the first and fourth twin decks. In addition, the ship could be used to transport cargo, taking on board up to 1000 tons of various cargo. In the bow of the ship there was a compartment for armored vehicles, there was also a ramp closed by sliding gates. In the stern of the ship, a folding hatch was equipped for loading and unloading operations. The ship's crew consisted of 69 people, including 5 officers (Crew 83 people, including 7 officers and 11 warrant officers for the large landing craft "Nikolay Vilkov", Pacific Fleet, 1990s). According to information from open sources, currently in the ranks of the Russian Navy are 4 large landing ships of project 1171: 3 ships in the Black Sea Fleet and one ship in the Pacific Fleet.
BDK project 1174 "Rhino"
BDK oceanic zone project 1174 (code "Rhino", according to NATO codification Ivan Rogov) was intended for the transportation and landing of troops and military equipment both equipped and unequipped coast with a low slope of the bottom. The ship is able to land troops directly on the coast, floating equipment - on water, non-floating military equipment- with the help of special amphibious landing craft, the personnel of the landing party with a wearable can also be parachuted ashore by helicopters.
In the process of designing the ship, at the direction of the Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Navy S.G. Gorshkov, changes were made to the project, which ultimately led to the creation of a very original universal amphibious assault ship with a relatively small displacement. As a result of changes to the project, a dock chamber appeared on the ship, and the composition of the air group on board was increased. Changes to the project along the way were made under the impression of the US Navy's ongoing program for the construction of the Tarawa-class UDC. In the course of all the improvements, the accessibility of the coast for the large landing craft of project 1174 became: for the bow gangway - 17%, for landing boats - more than 40%, for helicopters - 100%.
The ships of this project were built in the USSR from 1973 to 1988, a total of three such ships were built. The ships were laid down and built in Kaliningrad at the Baltic shipyard # 820 Yantar. Due to constant changes in the project, the lead ship of the Ivan Rogov series was ready only in 1978, 14 years after the issuance of the technical assignment for its design. In total, three such vessels were built in Kaliningrad: Ivan Rogov (1978), Alexander Nikolaev (1982) and Mtrofan Moskalenko (1990). The first ship was decommissioned from the fleet in 1996. The other two were sent to the reserve in 1997 and 2002, respectively. After the story with the "Mistrals", information appeared in the press about the study of the issue of restoring ships and returning them to the Russian Navy.
The length of the project 1174 ship of the "Rhino" code was 157.5 meters, width - 23.8 meters, draft - 5 meters. The total displacement of the ship was 14,060 tons. Full speed - 21 knots, cruising range at a speed of 18 knots and a normal fuel supply of 4,000 miles, with a maximum fuel supply of 7,500 miles. The power plant of the ship was gas turbine and included two power units with a capacity of 18 thousand hp. each. The autonomy of navigation in terms of provisions was 15 days when 500 paratroopers were on board or 30 days when 250 troops were on board. The ship's crew was 239 people, including 37 officers. To receive liquid and solid cargo at sea, the ship was equipped with special systems.
The armament of the ships changed depending on the modification and consisted of an AK-726 artillery mount of 76.2-mm caliber, two AK-630 6x30-mm gun mounts, two Grad-M multiple launch rocket systems, one Osa-M air defense system (20 missiles ammunition) and four Strela-3 MANPADS. Up to 4 Ka-29 transport and combat helicopters could be based on board the ship.
In the BDK tank hold and the dock chamber, in the absence of floating equipment in it, it was possible to load up to 50 PT-76 tanks, 80 armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, or up to 120 vehicles. At the same time, the equipment could be loaded on board in various combinations. Also on board it was possible to accommodate up to 500 troops in several cockpits and four-seater officers' cabins, or place 1,700 tons of various cargo. For unloading non-floating military equipment ashore, up to 6 Project 1785 or Project 1176 landing craft could be taken into the ship's dock chamber. Either three Project 1206 landing craft on an air cushion or Project 11770 Serna landing craft on an air cavity.
BDK project 775
BDK project 775 for the needs of the Soviet fleet was built in Poland at the shipyard Stocznia Polnocna (Stocznia Polnocna), in the city of Gdansk. The ships were built from 1974 to 1991; a total of 28 ships of this project were built here in three different modifications. Initially, they were classified as medium amphibious assault ships (SDK), but in 1977 they were retrained into the BDK. Currently, the ships of this project are the most massive large landing ships of the Russian fleet, forming the backbone of the Russian amphibious fleet. 15 ships of this type remain in service, and taking into account the Ukrainian large landing craft "Konstantin Olshansky" captured in 2014 by Russian military personnel - 16.
Project 775 landing ships were created to replace the Project 1171 BDK. The new ship was supposed to receive more powerful weapons and improved survivability, in contrast to Project 1171, which was made on the basis of a dry cargo ship. The ships of the project 775 were originally designed as a ship specially designed for landing operations. They were supposed to take an intermediate position between the "Rhinos" and the KFOR. BDK project 775 have a length of 112.5 meters, a width of 15 meters, a draft of 4.26 meters, the total displacement of the ship is 4400 tons. Full speed - 17.6 knots, cruising range up to 4 thousand miles (about 7.4 thousand kilometers), sailing autonomy - up to 30 days. As a power plant, two Zgoda-Sulzer diesel engines were used, developing a capacity of 9.6 thousand hp each. each.
The armament of the ships of this project was different depending on the modifications. Initially, it was planned to install two twin artillery mounts of 57 mm AK-725 caliber with remote guidance. To increase the firepower and air defense equipment, Project 775M ships were equipped with a 76.2-mm AK-176 artillery mount and two AK-630M 6x30-mm guns. To suppress the enemy's coastal defense and destroy his manpower, Project 775 landing ships were equipped with two Grad-M MLRS launchers. The Strela-3 and Igla MANPADS could be used as air defense systems.
The ships of the project 775 were originally designed to carry a reinforced company of marines or 225 paratroopers and 10 tanks by sea. The dimensions of the cargo compartment are 95x4.5x4.5 meters, and the ship could also take on board up to 480 tons of various cargo. The paratroopers were accommodated in several cockpits, and the officers in four-berth cabins. The ship's crew consisted of 98 people, including 8 officers.
Large landing craft project 11711 "Ivan Gren"
Large landing ships of project 11711 (according to the NATO codification Ivan Gren) are a project of new large landing ships of the Russian fleet, intended for the landing of troops, transportation of goods, military equipment and equipment. This landing ship is further development ships of project 1171 "Tapir", while most of the ship's design has undergone major changes. On June 11, 2015 at the Baltic shipyard Yantar in Kaliningrad, the groundbreaking ceremony for the second large landing ship of project 11711 Pyotr Morgunov took place. The lead ship of the Ivan Gren series was laid down at the Kaliningrad shipyard in December 2004, the ship was launched in May 2012, and the ship is scheduled to be handed over to the military in 2015. In total, by 2020, the Russian Navy was to receive 6 ships of this type.
When creating the ship, much attention was paid to the living conditions of the crew and troops on it. Loading of military equipment onto the ship is possible in two ways: independently using ramps, or using port or deck cargo cranes through a four-leaf cargo hatch located in the upper deck. These hatches also make it possible to ventilate the underdeck space when, immediately before the landing of the assault force, the combat vehicles start the engines operating at idle speed, which leads to the filling of the landing space with exhaust gases. To carry out loading and unloading operations in the area of the cargo hatch, the ship has a crane with a lifting capacity of 16 tons and two boat cranes designed to work with motor boats and lifeboats.
The total displacement of the Ivan Gren large landing craft is 5000 tons, which makes it the largest among all the large landing craft of the Russian fleet currently in service. Full speed is 18 knots, cruising range - up to 3500 nautical miles at a speed of 16 knots. Swimming autonomy - up to 30 days. The ship's crew consists of 100 people. Combat equipment is located on the tank deck inside the large landing craft, it can be either main battle tanks weighing up to 60 tons (13 tanks), and infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers (up to 36 units), or 300 airborne troops.
Of the weapons on board the ship are two MLRS Grad-M launchers, two AK-630M 6x30-mm artillery mounts, as well as the AK-176 universal artillery mount of 76.2 mm caliber. In addition, the ship provides for the basing of one Ka-29 transport and combat helicopter. According to some information, the "Igla-V" complex can be used as an air defense system.
Sources of information:
http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/2028399
http://lenta.ru/news/2015/06/16/priboy
http://www.rg.ru/2015/06/16/analog-site.html
http://navalcadet.narod.ru
http://www.shipyard-yantar.ru/ru/press/265-zalozhitbdk.html
UDC-helicopter carrier pr. "Priboy" will be equipped with everything necessary for use in most operations of the Navy
The events related to the "freezing" of the contract on the Mistral universal amphibious assault helicopter carriers were acquired by the French side in Last year completely stupid and dysfunctional. Already in the autumn-winter of last year, it was approximately clear that this project could be put to an end, but the French continued to invent various "myths" and to delay the time, than our military departments and negotiators knocked down the table.
This could not last long, especially since a powerful and status superpower is participating in the negotiation process, which has established itself as a reliable and stable party both in the arms market and in any other spheres, such as the economy and energy. Why does Russia, which launched such ships as the Pyotr Veliky heavy nuclear missile cruiser and the Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft-carrying missile cruiser, need an empty French dock hull, which still needs a long time to be refitted and refined to a proper condition that meets the needs of the Russian Navy? So the command of the Navy began to look for ways to solve the problem.
Considered a mass of all kinds of options for a promising helicopter landing ship, which should become worthy alternative for the fleet and even more to meet our application conditions and needs. One of these options was the possible modernization of the large landing craft of pr. 1174 "Ivan Rogov", but structurally this ship is more intended for the internal transportation of light and heavy armored vehicles and troops, the deck is not capable of fully ensuring the use of helicopter aircraft. The front and rear parts of the deck are separated by a large superstructure along the entire width of the ship, which in difficult meteorological conditions will pose a certain danger to landing and taking off helicopters.
A solution was required that is most suitable for the use of helicopter aviation in various conditions, i.e. - a compact superstructure at the side and the most spacious deck. The results of the design work on the creation of the first visual aid of the promising ship, which was the model presented on June 16 at the exhibition of the Army-2015 forum, were not long in coming.
UDC-helicopter carrier pr. "Priboy" will be equipped with everything necessary for use in most operations of the Navy
The universal landing ship of the Priboy project, developed by the Nevsky Design Bureau, is a product with an exclusively Russian element base, which combines all the features of Soviet-Russian shipbuilding, as well as the most modern trends that appeared in the late XX - early XXI century and provide for a decrease in radar signature due to original design superstructures.
The superstructure itself has a width of no more than 8 meters and a length of about 30 meters, all corners of the superstructure provide for a minimum number of right angles, due to which its RCS should have very small values, comparable to those of small patrol boats. Recently, it is precisely the reduction of the radar signature of the architecture on the deck of the ship that has been given Special attention shipbuilders.
The ship will be much smaller than the French Mistral , its length is about 165 meters, width is 25 meters. The Russian fleet absolutely does not require huge landing helicopter carriers, since the current capabilities of the Ka-52 and Ka-52K attack helicopters have stepped far forward, and no more than ten such combat helicopters are enough to ensure combat stability in the maritime theater of operations.
Thus, the modern Ka-52K will be able to perform a complex list of anti-ship missions due to the use of the Kh-31A and Kh-35U anti-ship missiles, in addition, an easier modification of the Zhuk-AE AFAR radar is being developed for helicopters, which will also be able to operate on air targets within a radius of up to 80 km; It is likely that the R-77 (RVV-AE) air-to-air missile (RVV-AE) will be unified with the Ka-52K in the future, and helicopters will be able to master all types of operations at sea and in the coastal zone.
Such a radical improvement in the concept of using helicopters can become an important part in providing "closed airspace" over the coastal territory, where UDC Priboi will carry out the tasks of landing armored vehicles and troops on enemy territory. Now the Priboy project provides for the transportation and use of 8 attack helicopters from the deck of the ship, but after the complete design work, these figures may change. Also on the surf deck, multi-purpose Ka-27 helicopters can be placed. It should be borne in mind that such naval strike systems based on helicopters are not being developed either in the countries Western Europe nor in the USA.
The compactness of the ship with a displacement of 14,000 tons is not limited to small length and width. The draft of the ship will be only 5 meters, for the Mistral it will be 6.3 m, for the Ivan Rogov it will be 7 m. Such a draft gives the UDC of the far sea zone many advantages of maneuvering in waters, bays and straits, where shallow water is often observed (the ship will be able to enter seas such as the Azov seas almost without restrictions). Draft indicators are most important precisely for helicopter carriers and UDC from a tactical point of view, because sometimes, at the time of the operation, it is necessary to approach the enemy as close as possible, and shallow water can prevent a ship with a large draft from doing this; attack helicopters, on the other hand, often have a combat radius of no more than 400 km, which is why the enemy on land may remain out of the reach of attack helicopters.
UDC pr. Priboy will have a cruising range of about 11,500 km, a cruising speed of 15-16 knots, and a maximum speed of 20 knots, which does not differ from the Mistral. Only on an economical run, the Mistral has an almost 2-fold advantage in range up to 20,000 km. The autonomy of the Surf will be 2 times higher than the Mistrals (the duration of the autonomous campaign is more than 2 months).
Enough important criterion can be considered the landing ability of dock cameras and armored holds for the transportation of heavy and light armored vehicles, landing boats, as well as fully equipped marines or landing forces. Here "Priboy" is also no different from foreign products such as "Hyuga" and "Mistral". The ship is capable of taking 60 units of light armored vehicles and at least 20-30 main battle tanks into the internal compartments, as means of operational landing, in conditions of the impossibility of approaching the coastal zone of the UDC, the ship provides 4 landing boats, etc. 11770M or 2, etc. 12061M.
One of the most important indicators of the versatility of this ship in front of the western ones is equipping with a bow landing device and a 25-35 meter strong gangway, which is pulled out from under the upper deck by hydraulic drives before landing, everything is in the traditions of the old, kind and reliable Soviet school of shipbuilding!
The small size of the Priboy UDC, as well as a decrease in radar signature are also provided for the possibility of using this ship as a command and staff ship KUG / AUG of the Russian Navy. It is known that at the time of the "star raid" of enemy anti-ship missiles, the active radar homing head captures a more radio-contrast target, i.e. a larger and more visible ship, and the radar signature of this ship will not be greater than that of the frigate EM pr. 956. But there is also a smarter WTO with TV and IR-GOS, for example, AGM-84E or such products as the tactical missile "NLOS ", In this case, you will obviously need to fight back. For this purpose, the Priboy is equipped with at least 3 combat modules of the Pantsir-M multichannel shipborne ZRAK.
The Pantsir-M / Palitsa anti-aircraft missile and cannon system is a naval modification of the Pantsir-S1 land-based air defense missile system and inherited its similar fire characteristics. ZUR 57E6E has a radio command control system by coordinates, which are transmitted to the onboard computer of the missile from optoelectronic and radar detection and target designation on the combat module. To guide the missile, radar and optical transponders are used in the tail of the missile, which allow the fire control system on the combat module to most accurately correlate the coordinates of the missile-interceptor and the target for bringing the missile to the target.
The flight speed of the SAM is 1300 m / s, the range and interception ceiling are 15 and 20 km, respectively. The maximum speed of the targeted target is about 3650 km / h. The guidance speed is 100 deg / s, due to which even PRLR flying into a neighboring support ship that broke into the close line of defense can be intercepted.
The "Palitsy" radar channel is represented by a "Fazatron" multifunctional radar with 1PC2 HEADLIGHTS and 1PC1-1E RLO, in which a "friend or foe" radio recorder is installed. Autonomous optical direction finder - a two-channel TV / IR sighting device capable of capturing HARM-type missile launchers from a distance of 14 km, AGM-86C cruise missile - 13 km, and Harpoon anti-ship missile system - about 9-11 km. The multifunctional radar and optical direction finder are capable of capturing 2 air targets each, realizing the simultaneous firing of 4 air targets, while up to 10 targets can be fired at in a minute. The productivity of KZRAK "Pantsir-M" together with 2x6 30-mm AP is almost 2 times higher than the performance of KZRAK dagger.
BM KZRAK "Pantsir-M" / "Palitsa" will be installed on the "Priboy" in an amount of at least 3 BM, which will provide all-round air defense / missile defense from enemy missiles On the UDC Priboy project, 2 Pantsir-M modules are installed in niches along the starboard edge of the ship, as well as in the front part on the left side edge; there is a possibility of installing one more module in the rear side niche. Thus, the Priboy air defense system can fire simultaneously at 12 attacking missiles, and up to 30 dangerous objects can be fired upon in a minute. In fact, this UDC can be both a command and staff ship and a short-range air defense ship of a small ship formation.
Today, only one helicopter carrier has similar air defense parameters - the Japanese "Hyuga", on which the Japanese-Dutch FCS-3A radar and the last export version of the RIM-162 "ESSM" air defense missile system are installed.
The command of the Russian Navy expresses the hope that in the coming years at least 4 ships of the Udaloy project will be laid down, which will be able to partially fill the lack of modern landing, strike and anti-ship marine systems in the Russian fleet.
/Evgeny Damantsev/
