Surely everyone has known since childhood the famous puzzle, named after its creator - Erno Rubik. Pretty quickly, she gained popularity and reached the most remote corners of the planet.

Without proper skill, it will not work to put together a puzzle, even after doing a hundred manipulations, but relatively recently, specialists from Inc. learned how to solve a rubik's cube in 20 moves. They managed to achieve this phenomenal result with the help of a computer, which was given the task of analyzing all possible combinations.

Where did the Rubik's Cube come from?

Back in 1974, the Hungarian architect and teacher at the Academy of Applied Arts Erno Rubik thought about the best way knowledge

He wanted a new invention to help students explore the world, and one day he had a sensational idea - to create a puzzle. The task, it would seem, is elementary - to rotate the rows of the cube until each of the sides becomes the same color. But the scheme for assembling a Rubik's Cube is not so simple and can take even several hours in time, without giving a result. Students appreciate and enjoy new toy. At that moment, the creator did not even suspect that after many years scientists would puzzle over solving the puzzle until they figured out how to solve a Rubik's cube in 20 moves.

How did the worldwide popularity come

At first, the original toy was not popular with investors. It was believed that its production would not be profitable, since the assembly of the Rubik's cube could be of interest only to intellectuals. Nevertheless, one small enterprise decided to invest in this unusual project, and the puzzle began to conquer Budapest.

A few years later, Tibor Lakzi, an intermediary of one of the German firms, arrived in the city and became interested in the original puzzle, which at that time was very popular among the townspeople. Realizing that the distribution of an amazing invention around the world could bring huge profits, he decided to promote the Rubik's Cube. For novice businessmen Lakzi and Rubik, the main difficulty was the search for investors. But thanks to Tibor's economic education and his commercial flair, the owner of Seven Towns Ltd, Tom Kremer, was soon involved in the project. He undertook large-scale production and distribution, which helped the cube become popular all over the world.

"God's Algorithm"

Since 1982, competitions have been regularly held in many countries, in which the main task of the participants is the speed assembly of the Rubik's Cube. In order to solve the puzzle as quickly as possible, it is not enough just to have good dexterity and ingenuity. The person should be aware optimal scheme assembling a Rubik's cube, allowing you to spend as little effort as possible. The minimum number of steps required to solve the problem is the "God's Algorithm".

Many learned minds and simple amateurs have tried to find a solution. At one time it was believed that the minimum number of steps from any position was 18, but later this theory was refuted. Many years have been spent searching for the optimal sequence, and only in 2010, scientists managed to find out how to solve a Rubik's cube in 20 moves, regardless of the position of the puzzle before the assembly began. This is currently an absolute record.

Who is faster - a car or a person?

On the this moment Colin Burns, an American schoolboy, is the fastest person ever to solve a puzzle in less than 5.5 seconds. And the robot, assembled by British engineers from parts of the EV3 designer, coped with this task in 3.253 seconds. The advantage of the mechanism is not only that the work of all its parts is more coordinated than the actions of a person. Scientists gave him as many as 4 hands, which allow you to perform all operations 2 times faster.

How to learn to collect it

There is more than one standard Rubik's cube scheme that allows you to learn how to solve this original puzzle in a short time. Various systems assemblies allow you to approach the issue in different ways. Which one to choose is up to you. Of course, it is unlikely that without the computer power of Google you will know how to solve a Rubik's cube in 20 moves, but finding simple solutions learn in a short time. The main thing is that you have enough perseverance. No technique will help solve the puzzle without problems if you are not ready to spend your precious time learning.

But you should not give all your time to this toy. Doctors have noted an increase in the number of patients in psychiatric clinics after the appearance of the Rubik's Cube. And traumatologists began to regularly encounter symptoms, later called "Rubik's syndrome." It appears as sharp

Assembly diagram

There are several schemes that allow beginners to quickly learn how to add a Rubik's cube. Attached to this article is one of them:

1. First you need to assemble a cross, the ends of which are continued on adjacent faces. There is no universal technique - everything comes with practice.
2. Next, you need to complete the entire side on which the cross was assembled, and assemble the belt from the parts around it. It is important to ensure that each belt is the same color.
3. Now you need to collect the second belt and go to the opposite side of the cube.
4. We collect the cross on this side in the same way as at the very beginning.
5. We complete the whole side.
6. Now we put the corners of the cube in order - we make the colors on them match the colors of the sides to which they are turned.
7. It remains only to correctly rotate the parts that have only 2 sides. The cube is assembled.

Now you can learn how to solve one of the most popular puzzles in the world. The universal Rubik's cube scheme will help you with this.

The most exciting activity is the assembly of the Rubik's cube. This entertaining puzzle for adults and children allows you to train logical thinking and develop math skills. Our article will tell you how to solve a 3×3 Rubik's Cube for beginners, plus a diagram with pictures and an informative video will help you understand this issue.

Solve Rubik's Cube 3×3 diagram with pictures

The standard design is a cube with six faces of different colors. The size of the cube is 3×3 separate sectors that can rotate in different directions. Such actions are achieved due to a special cross inside the puzzle, which cannot be seen from the outside. Based on the "classic" Rubik's Cube, many variations of this puzzle have been invented. There are cubes with two, four and even five sectors, as well as triangular and pentagonal designs. The so-called mirror cubes deserve special attention, in which the parts are of the same color, but of different sizes. Collect it according to the same rules and schemes as classic model cube. The task in this case requires more attention and concentration, because you need to switch your brain from colors to sizes.

To assemble the cube, there is a special algorithm compiled by its developer. Subsequently, many more algorithms of different complexity appeared, allowing you to assemble a puzzle from various positions and even set speed records. It is better to look at the instruction visually in pictures so that the described algorithms can be applied.

How to Solve a 3x3 Rubik's Cube Quickly and Easily for Beginners

To use such instructions, it is imperative to master the theoretical base. In the process, do not forget that this is a mathematical puzzle, for the solution of which it is necessary to understand and remember a certain sequence of actions.

Basic facts, terms and concepts:

• Each 3x3 cube has 6 centers, 8 corners and 12 edges.
• The central part never changes its location and is always stationary. It is by the color of the center that the face of the cube is determined.
• Each edge has two colors, which also cannot be changed during rotation.
• Corner colors are defined in the same way. They remain unchanged and are a combination of three colors.

Equally important is the designation of the edges and the direction of movement. It is this information that will help to collect the cube according to the proposed formula.

The official values ​​are:

1. F (front or Ф) - front (front) side of the cube.
2. B (back or T) - back or back side.
3. L (left or L) - face on the left.
4. R (right or П) - face on the right.
5. U (up or B) - upper part.
6. D (down or H) - Bottom part Cuba.
7. Fw (f) - front (frontal) side together with the middle layer.
8. Bw (b) - back part together with the middle part.
9. Lw (l) - left side and middle layer.
10. Rw (r) - right side along with the middle.
11. Uw (u) - the upper part along with the middle layer.
12. Dw(d) is the bottom piece of the puzzle along with the middle piece.

The central cubes have a letter designation similar to the names of the middle part. For ease of identification, they are written with a small letter. Rib parts are indicated by two letters, and corner parts by three.

If in the scheme there are simply letter designations, the faces are rotated clockwise. In formulas, you can find the notation of the apostrophe sign (`), standing next to with a letter. This means that the specified face should be flipped counterclockwise. If the number 2 is next to the designation, this means that you will have to scroll in the specified direction the specified number of times. Usually, with such notations, the apostrophe sign is not indicated. In fact, the result will be the same when rotating in one direction or the other.

It is also worth studying the notation of intercepts. This is the name of the movement (change of position) of the cube in space.

Intercept designations:

• x - rotation occurs from itself along the plane R and L. As a result, side F turns into U.
• x` - rotation occurs towards itself along the plane R and L. As a result, side F turns into D.
• y - rotation occurs in the horizontal direction clockwise. As a result, the F side becomes L.
• y` - rotation occurs in the horizontal direction counterclockwise. As a result, side F turns into R.
• z - rotation occurs in the frontal plane clockwise. As a result, the U side becomes R.
• z` - rotation occurs in the frontal plane against the clockwise direction. As a result, the U side becomes L.

An interesting fact: the creator of the fascinating puzzle Erno Kubik deduced the ideal mathematical dimensions of the cube at 57 mm. Many puzzle manufacturers still adhere to this standard.

How to solve a Rubik's cube

Having mastered the basic techniques for assembling a cube, you can proceed to its more complex variations. Before you assemble a Rubik's mirror cube, you need to master the techniques of assembling a regular puzzle to perfection. After that, the task will not be so difficult, because the assembly algorithm will not differ significantly.

Rubik's cube video

You can clearly see the assembly of the mirror cube on the proposed video clip. It should be noted that now you can purchase not only the model with "classic" silver faces, but also colored cubes with different sizes faces. It will be even easier to assemble such structures, because not only the shape, but also the color will serve as a hint.

How to solve a Rubik's cube: a scheme from the magazine "Science and Life" in 1982

When the puzzle first appeared in the open spaces former USSR, many people puzzled over the solution of this problem. At the same time, almost immediately, the published solution helped to assemble the puzzle in the simplest, and still used way.

How to solve a 3x3 Rubik's Cube:

• Placement of the cross on the top layer of the base four elements and orientation of the side blocks.
• Setting four corner pieces on the first puzzle layer.
• Exhibition of the four side elements of the cube by color.
• Assembling the corner elements of the second layer.
• Flipping the cube, exposing the four side elements of the third layer.
• Assemble the corner blocks to their positions, but they can be flipped.
• Correct orientation of corner blocks.

Thanks to the above schemes in color, it was also possible to perform several atypical assemblies, the so-called solitaire games. This will ensure an exciting time with the puzzle even after the solution has been worked out to automatism.

Algorithm, scheme and god formula

Most easy way how to solve a 3x3 Rubik's Cube is modestly called "God's Algorithm". Over the task of developing the most simple and fast way assembly of the cube was thought by many people and not one year. At first, the most “advanced” algorithm included at least 38 moves and required more than 119 event options to study. Of course, fans of such a system are still there, but this will not be enough for a record-breakingly fast assembly.

The "algorithm of God" or the Lord includes a sequence of several moves:

On the first pass, you may not be able to complete the Rubik's Cube. You should repeat the above sequence of actions one more time or several times until the desired result is achieved. You can clearly see how to solve a 3 by 3 Rubik's Cube as quickly as possible in the video.

This entertaining puzzle at the stage of its discovery drove many people crazy, because of the many options, only one algorithm made it possible to collect all the faces by color. Our article provides step-by-step instruction in pictures, and also describes a detailed algorithm for assembling the Rubik's cube.

You've been scratching your head over this puzzle for a week. And now, finally, it is assembled! .. You will never understand the joy of a person who has collected a Rubik's cube until you try to do it yourself.

For an inexperienced layman, collecting a Rubik's cube is not an easy task. Of course, on the Internet you can find both videos and instructions with where there is detailed description step by step assembly. But not all methods lend themselves to successful application in practice.

For beginner builders

Let's figure out what the 3x3 Rubik's cube consists of and how it can be twisted (although, most likely, it will twist you at first!).

The cube has a frame - a cross, on which the central details of each side are fixed. These details are motionless, and the rest of the "brotherhood" revolves around them.

Now take the cube, turn one of the sides towards you (at your discretion) and carefully consider:

B - top side

H ─ bottom side,

L ─ left side,

P ─ right side,

Ф - frontal (front) side,

Z ─ back side.

And, accordingly, it is important to learn combinations of turns:

F, Z, V, N, L, P - rotation clockwise (or away from you) by 90 degrees;

Ф ', З ', V ', N ', L ', P ' - counterclockwise rotation (or - towards yourself) by 90 degrees;

F”, Z”, V”, N”, L ″, P ”- rotation by 180 degrees.

The simplest scheme for assembling a 3x3 Rubik's Cube consists of seven consecutive steps.

Step 1. Assemble the cross on the top face.

Choose the side that will be the top. We will collect the "correct" cross. This means that on the top side, the center will be surrounded by details of the same color, and on the side faces, the stickers on the top cube and the central one will be different, but also the same color.

To get this result, the easiest way is to use one of the above rotations to move the cube of interest to us down, combine it with the center of the same color and move it back up.

When you have collected several edges in this way, and the next one is so that, by lowering it, you will break the top, the combination P ', N ', P comes to your aid, allowing you to return everything to its place.

Step 2. Arrange the corners of the upper face.

It is easiest to start from those corners that are at the bottom. We twist the bottom so that the desired angle becomes under the place assigned to it, as in the picture below. Then we move it up with one of the turns, most likely breaking the upper cross, so we fix the angle by turning it completely in the opposite direction, put the center in place and return the corner. For example, for the case shown in Figure 4, we use a combination of P, F ', P ', F.

The principle is based on the fact that we “knock out” others with some cubes. If the corner is on top, then it is better to move it down, for example, by turning П′, and then put it in its place

Expected Result:

Step 3. We collect the middle layer.

First, turn the cube so that the assembled side is at the bottom. Now you can arrange the four edges of the middle layer in their places. Three combinations are possible here:

1. It is necessary to transfer the cube from the top right to the front face. We turn B ', F ', B, F, B, P, B ', P '.

2. You can move to the right using a combination of B, P, B ', P ', B ', F ', B, F.

3. To turn an edge that is in the right place, but on the wrong side: П, В', П', В', Ф', В, Ф, В', П, В', П', В', F', V, F.

Result:

Step 4. We collect the "wrong" cross on the "new" top face.

The goal is to reach the variant with fig. 10, assemble the "white cross":

1) a combination of F, P, V, P ', V ', F ";

2) F, V, P, V’, P’, F’;

3) any of the proposed combinations twice.

Step 5. We make the “correct” cross out of the “wrong” one.

Rotate the top layer until any two edges match in color with the centers from the middle layer. There are two cases here:

1. In their places - two opposite edges, the other two need to be swapped. We use a combination of P, V, P ', V, P, V ”, P '.

2. Two assembled edges are at an angle, the other two need to be swapped with a combination of P, B ”, P ', B ', P, B ', P '. You may need to repeat this combination several times.

Result:

Step 6. Put the corners of the top layer in place.

To carry out this step, use one of the suggested combinations:

1) P’, F’, L, F, P, F’, L’, F;

2) F’, L, F, P’, F’, L’, F, P.

Step 7. Expand the corners with the right colors.

We hold the cube towards us with one side so that the “wrong” angle is on the top right. With a combination of P ', N ', P, N, we twist the cube until the corner is right. Next, scroll the top to the next wrong turned corner and set it correctly with the same combination. We do not change the working side!

During these actions, the design of the cube may be broken. But that's how it's written in the script. So don't worry!

Finally, you can unfold all four corners the right sides– the rest of the elements of the cube also fall into place! Be proud of yourself - you did it! Congratulations on a successful result!

Photo: kak-sobrat-kubik-rubika.praya.ru, speedcubing.com.ua, ru.gde-fon.com.

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