Directory of the world of professions. Gnostic professions: a list

We want to talk about the ABC of Professions project, which we prepared with 1st grade students during the period of literacy. These are the first steps in career guidance, which must be started from the very first years of schooling. The project is executed in an interesting, entertaining way; there are creative tasks, the help of parents is obligatory. The entire class was involved in the project.

Hello! We, students of class 1-A, present a joint project "The ABC of Professions". In this work, we wanted to show how many wonderful and worthy professions exist in modern life.

My years are growing
There will be seventeen.
Where should I work then?
What to do?
(V. Mayakovsky)

Each of us will have to choose a profession to our liking in the future. How many professions do we know? Doctor, teacher, salesman, driver, programmer: these are perhaps the most famous professions for us. But we guessed that there are a lot of professions, very different, interesting, unusual. At a literacy lesson, we read a story in the ABC about what the guys dream of becoming when they grow up. Studying new letters, we also read about people of different professions: a cook, a carpenter, a diver. And so we thought, what other professions are there? It would be interesting to know about them. And not just learn, but connect it with literacy lessons. This is how the idea for the project was born.

The first thing we started our work with was to find out the names of professions that exist in the world. And to make it more interesting to complete this task, we decided to look for the names of professions for each letter of the Russian alphabet. At the same time, we will learn the letters! Each student in the class chose a task sheet with three letters of the alphabet. (Appendix A). At home, together with our parents or on our own, we entered as many names of professions as possible for each letter. Assignments were handed over to our leader - our teacher. She summarized this work and compiled a list of job titles in alphabetical order. It turned out that we found 207 job titles for almost all letters of the Russian alphabet!

And here is the next stage of work. From this large list, it was necessary to choose the most unusual names of professions, about which we knew nothing, had not heard, had no idea. We worked in groups. We actively discussed, found out, argued. And as a result of the discussions, it turned out that in all groups three identical names of professions were noted: agronomist, huntsman, radio operator.

Now we had to find information about these professions that interested us. We worked at home, our parents helped us. Here's what we learned.

An agronomist is an agricultural specialist with comprehensive knowledge of the study and cultivation of field, horticultural, and horticultural crops. The word "agronomist" comes from two Greek words: "agros" - field and "nomos" - law. The agronomist knows when to sow and harvest, how to deal with weeds, plant diseases, and pests. high yield- the biggest award for an agronomist.

The huntsman is a professional hunter, hunter, forester. He protects the territory of forest lands from poachers, controls the correctness of hunting. The huntsman is well aware of the forest, forest dwellers, prepares stocks of food for the winter for animals and birds, protects them from poachers. Helps amateur hunters. This is a very important and dangerous profession.

A radio operator is a specialist in the transmission and reception of messages by radio. He works at sea on ships, on submarines; in the sky on airplanes, in space; on earth where there is radio communication. The radio operator is a military profession. Information is transmitted using Morse code. Morse code is a coded alphabet.

As a result of the work done, we have obtained a "Dictionary of Professions". It lists job titles in alphabetical order. Read and choose for yourself future profession (Appendix B).

To consolidate the acquired knowledge, we came up with a game. They composed a short fairy tale about how in one city an evil wizard harmed the inhabitants. It was necessary to answer the question, people of what professions will help correct the situation and restore order (Appendix C).

Our work has come to an end. Let's draw conclusions:

Beautiful professions in the world can not be counted,
And glory and honor to every profession!

And most importantly, we realized that no matter what profession we choose in the future, we need to prepare for it now - to study well, to be diligent, responsible, accurate.

If you want to build a bridge
Watch the movement of the stars
Drive the machine in the field
Or drive the car up -
Do a good job at school
Study diligently.
(S. Marshak)

Annex A. Sample task form No. 1.

ABC of professions	Write job titles for each letter
BUT
B
IN

Appendix B Dictionary of professions.

Note: all names are written exactly as their students wrote together with their parents. The purpose of this task is to expand the vocabulary of students, increase cognitive activity. If you are doing a similar project, the job titles may be different. You can also format the dictionary in any form. We designed it in the form of a homemade bound book, and the words were arranged in a column.

Professions Dictionary

Aircraft designer, Race car driver, Auto mechanic, Agronomist, Lawyer, Actor, Animator, Entertainer, Architect, Astrologer, Astronomer

Banker, Bartender, Librarian, Biologist, Flight Engineer, Flight Attendant, Botanist, Bosun, Bulldozer Operator, Accountant

Train driver, Watchman, Typesetter, Veterinarian, Winemaker, Driver, Diver, Balloonist, Vocalist, Educator, Doctor

Geneticist, Geologist, Guide, Make-up artist, Governess

Janitor, Designer, Diplomat, Conductor, Animal trainer

Railroad worker, Tinsmith, Painter, Animal breeder, Jockey, Juggler, Journalist

Slaughterer, Manager, Breeder, Head teacher, Supply manager, Cutter, Measurer, Tanker, Ringer, Digger, Witch doctor, Zoologist, Livestock specialist

Icon painter, Illusionist, Immunologist, Engineer, Inspector, Instructor, Toolmaker, Irrigator, Art critic, Tester, Historian, Ichthyologist

Cashier, Whaler, Combiner, Confectioner, Cosmonaut, Blacksmith

Forester, Lumberjack, Pilot, Speech therapist, Boatman

Painter, Masseur, Machinist, Policeman, Sailor, Butcher

Adjuster, Neurologist, Neurologist, Neurosurgeon, Rateman, Porter, Notary, Nanny

Optometrist, Operator, Officer, Waiter, Hunter, Security Guard

Hairdresser, Perfumer, Singer, Baker, Bookbinder, Printer, Furnace, Pianist, Pilot, Writer, Carpenter, Chef, Border Guard, Fireman, Polisher, Dressmaker, Postman, Poet, Programmer, Salesman, Beekeeper

Worker, Radio Operator, Director, Reporter, Realtor, Angler

Plumber, Welder, Cattleman, Steelworker, Stylist, Carpenter, Dentist, Caretaker, Judge, Cheesemaker

Taxi driver, TV presenter, Technologist, Merchandiser, Turner, Tractor driver, Coach, Chimney sweeper

Cleaner, Coal Miner, Stacker, Tamer, Manager, Urologist, Ufologist, Scientist, Accountant, Teacher

Pharmacist, Facade man, Packer, Paramedic, Figure skater, Physicist, Phytotherapeutist, Magician, Photographer, Photojournalist, Fashion model, Cutter

Halvomes, Chemist, Surgeon, Grower, Cotton grower, Choreographer, Artist

Flower grower, Flower girl, Clergyman, Circus performer, Barber

Watchmaker, Chaser, Draftsman, Carder, Cleaner

Organ grinder, Seamstress, Chef, Grinder, Showman, Chauffeur, Plasterer, Navigator

Economist, Excavator, Tour Guide, Electrician, Ethnographer

Comedian, Jung, Lawyer

Appendix C Examples of fairy tales invented by students.

Good conquers evil.

There were Lilliputians. And everything was fine with them until the evil wizard arrived. He covered the whole city with white snow. All trees and bushes died. And spring and summer did not come again. The Lilliputians froze and began to get sick. Then everyone gathered wipers and swept away all the snow. Agronomists plowed the land, planted new trees. BUT doctors they gave all the inhabitants to drink tea with raspberries, and everything became as before. And the evil wizard realized that he lost, and flew away.

Georgy Timofeev, student 1 - A class

Once upon a time there lived an evil wizard of darkness. He made his way to the city where people were going to meet New Year. Everything in the city was decorated with beautiful light bulbs. Everything around was sparkling, and it was very light. The evil wizard caught up with a strong wind, and that's it. electric wires broke off. Then came electricians and repaired all the wires, and policemen banished the evil wizard.

Maxim Shutikov, student 1 - A class

One day an evil wizard came to the city of Happiness. He was also harmful. And so he decided to hurt people. The wizard waved his magic wand and all the children in the city became stupid. They forgot the letters. But children can help teachers. They teach children to read and write.

Valeria Ploskonosova, student 1 - A class

Evil wizard.

The evil wizard mixed up the traffic lights in the city: when the pedestrians were red, the cars were also red. And so all traffic in the city stopped, and no one knew who to give way to.

Helped fix it road inspector movements. They began to regulate the movement of cars and pedestrians with their striped stick. And the evil wizard gave up - he returned everything to its place.

Yana Durova, student 1 - A class

Painter.

Winter came. All residents of the city of Moscow began to prepare for the New Year. Everyone began to draw New Year's drawings. And no one invited the evil wizard who lived in this city to the holiday. He got offended and ruined all the drawings. In all the drawings, instead of Santa Claus, Kikimora appeared. The residents were upset. Who will help fix everything?

And in this city lived a kind painter. People went to him and asked for help. With one stroke of a magic brush, he made Santa Claus appear instead of Kikimora in all the drawings.

Santa Claus now has a magnificent exhibition of paintings in his hut.

Ira Gerasimova, student 1 - A class

Fairy story.

In a certain sea, in the very middle of it, lay an island. It had a city on it. Very friendly and hardworking people lived in this city. And then one day, when they were preparing to celebrate the big holiday "Island Day", this story happened.

In the most beautiful square, the inhabitants set up tables for all the islanders and prepared many delicious treats. But one wizard, who lived on a neighboring island, was offended that he was not invited to the holiday, and spoiled the whole treat. He turned it into bitter and unappetizing. And he cast a spell on all the inhabitants so that they would forget all the recipes. The inhabitants of the island were very upset, because their holiday was ruined.

Suddenly, to their aid, as if from sea foam, came beautiful woman. She had a metal case in her hands. She opened it, put on her headphones and began to transmit some incomprehensible message. The inhabitants of the town stood, looked and did not understand anything. A little time passed, and a small red helicopter flew in. He sat in it important man in a white cap on his head. He brought a lot of products and prepared very tasty and unusual dishes. And the best dish was a huge five-tiered cake.

The residents were very happy that the holiday still took place. They even forgave and invited a wizard neighbor to the party. The wizard apologized, disenchanted all the inhabitants and decorated the square with flowers and balls. And at the end of the holiday he gave all the residents a festive salute. Everyone was in a very good mood.

Who were these mysterious helpers?

What occupations can they be classified as?

Anna Sisetskaya, student 1 - A class

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Books

• , Olifirenko N., Galanov K., Ovchinnikova I. (author-comp.). Tutorial developed on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary vocational education by profession 13. 01. 10 “Electrician for repair and ...
• Checking and adjustment of electrical equipment (PM. 02), Olifirenko Natalya Alexandrovna, Galanov Konstantin Dmitrievich, Ovchinnikova Inna Vasilievna. The textbook was developed on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary Vocational Education by profession 13. 01. 10 "Electrician for repair and ...

A few years before graduation class schools, teenagers face the question: "What profession to choose?" This choice is quite difficult, because it is influenced by parents, friends and others around. It is important to have an idea of ​​what professions exist, how many there are, and what you need in order to choose one or another direction for yourself.

What professions exist? Classifications

When answering the question "what professions exist?", it must be taken into account that everything depends on the criterion by which the division is carried out. There are several classification systems for all existing professions. The most popular - according to E. A. Klimov, which divides all specialties in accordance with the system of relationships between man and nature, man, technology, sign system and artistic image.

Classification of professions according to E.A. Klimov

Specialties "man-man" is the most understandable system, since a person encounters people of this system every day in Everyday life: teachers, salespeople, doctors, hairdressers, etc.

"Man and technology" are technicians, engineers, equipment assemblers, workers on machine tools, etc. The activities of these people are directly related to mechanisms. This also includes the mining and processing of metal, car repair and various installations, construction specialties.

What are the professions associated with the relationship between man and the sign system? There is nothing difficult in this. Secretary, engineer, translator, programmer in working environment collide with documents, symbols, signs, diagrams.

The last system that correlates with artistic images is creative specialties associated with the creation of musical creations, objects of fine art.

Number of professions

Of course, there are many professions, and to count exact amount pretty hard. This is not a static system that remains unchanged for years: every year the number of specialties in the world increases in parallel with the development of mankind. Since the question “how many professions are there in the world?” quite often arises, there must be corresponding documents counting them.

The approximate number of specialties in the world is 40,000, and many of them for temperate latitudes seem quite exotic, if not incomprehensible and stupid. About 500 new professions are born every year.

And what professions exist in Russia? Not all of the available specialties are available for our country, only approximately 1/4 of them. But this is more than 9000 items. Over the past 3 centuries, the figure has increased 450 times.

Demand for specialties

Of course, as many professions exist, so many specialists in this field can be found. At the same time, not all specialties are equally popular: this business has its own seasonality. A specific list has been compiled of what professions are fashionable today in Russia. And it differs from what types of work are in demand today.

Determining the reason why applicants choose a particular specialty, in the first place should indicate the need to have prestigious profession and at the same time the possibility high level earnings.

Therefore, many applicants go to receive knowledge at the Faculty of Economics. Despite the fact that every enterprise needs an economist, some time ago the market for such workers was saturated. As an economist, you need to have an idea of ​​the place in which such a specialist will be needed after graduation.

A wide profile of activity implies such a position as a manager. They come in various directions: advertising, sales, crisis management, etc.

In connection with the development information technologies, popular and in demand is the work of a programmer. In order to work for him, it is not enough to have only a desire - you must also have the ability to this species activities.

The category of popular specialties also includes work in the field of advertising. This interesting activity, creative and in demand, creative and paid, which attracts many young professionals.

Legal education is also in the top lines of the ranking of applicants.

Demand for professions: scarce specialties

Given the fact that not everyone can afford to study at a prestigious university, many choose construction specialties for themselves. In this area, there is a constant shortage of personnel, so even in such conditions, demand exceeds supply.

Since effective earnings are associated with sales, then the sales manager continues the list of popular professions. Good specialists in this field have good earnings and are respected by the head. However, finding such a person is not easy.

Continues the list of specialties that are not fully provided by specialists, the work of the seller. Opening in a great variety of supermarkets are experiencing a shortage of professionals who want to take on such a job is not so much.

Next on the list is engineering. The country needs such specialists, but it still cannot provide itself the right amount employees. Every year many graduates become specialists of this link, however, despite this, the need for them is growing.

Everywhere enterprises advertise the need for drivers. There are such positions in Food Industry, and in the field of light textile production, and in public service points, and in shops providing a delivery service. Working conditions are very diverse: some require personal transport, others provide a working vehicle.

Professions for girls

From the entire list, there is a certain list of those specialties that are more suitable for girls.

What are the professions for girls? Traditionally, women's work includes the work of a flight attendant, train conductor, dispatcher of various call centers, a beautician, and a nurse. Some of the list is diluted with men, but this is rather an exception, and a male hairdresser or stylist makes an ambiguous impression.

More often, women's work is associated with the creative process of creating something new, since the mental organization of the weaker sex is more subtle, and ladies are not too adapted for physical labor.

Creative professions

In the directory of all specialties there is a list of those that are considered creative. To have such a job is interesting and prestigious today. The only catch is that in order to follow the path of creativity, you must have a talent or ability for something. Further, it is necessary to consider in more detail the question of what creative professions exist.

• Traditionally, they include musicians, composers, artists. These people have their own vision of the world, which can be verified by talking with them. As a rule, such people have talent since childhood and develop it in the relevant art and music schools.

• If a person has a so-called sense of beauty, then it is possible to come to a creative profession over the years. Interesting work of a photographer, designer. Fashionable words, but under them a very wide profile of activity is hidden: this is interior design, and the design of clothes, shoes, and landscape design. Society will always need good specialists in this area.

• Speaking about what professions exist in the creative field, one cannot fail to mention the work of a stylist. It has a fundamental difference from the work of a hairdresser, who performs a haircut according to a template, while a stylist develops an image as a whole. A new direction in style is the work of a groomer who shears animals.

• Journalism and PR management require quick response and communication skills; you need to be a good psychologist, feeling what others are oriented towards.

• Creative specialties include actors, and this includes both film and theater actors, as well as animators, circus performers, and representatives of the humorous genre. More generally speaking, all those individuals whose activities are related to public speaking.

How to choose a profession

When choosing the desired specialty from a huge list, you must first determine for yourself a list of those industries that more attract. Then you need to objectively assess for yourself what exactly you like about them and whether they are really interesting.

It is necessary to approach the choice of a profession individually, taking into account your preferences, not based on the popularity of the specialty or its profitability. Better to be a good doctor than a bad programmer.

The number of professions appearing and disappearing at the same time is very large. Most of us do not know now who a joker is, but the term "copywriter" is familiar to almost everyone. In order to understand the functionality of each profession, people use special literature. And in order to understand which area this or that position belongs to, you need to read our material.

Division of professions

In the world community of linguists, it is customary to divide professions according to various criteria, grouping them together into small clusters. Such groupings help to identify the same activities and generalize them.

All professions are divided according to various criteria.

According to the type of work, there are classes of professions - gnostic, transforming, exploratory:

• Transformative. Such professions are associated with a change in various properties or states of the object of labor. Knowledge in this case is not an end in itself. Prominent representatives of this group will be people who work as cooks, bakers, builders. There is a clear change in the properties of the original material. A baker bakes bakery products from raw products, cooks change the properties of raw vegetables and fruits by boiling them in boiling water, builders knead dry cement and leave it to harden. Not suitable, for example, the profession of a driver - there is no clear change in properties.
• Gnostic professions(from the ancient Greek word "gnosis", meaning knowledge). These are professions that are associated exclusively with the cognitive industry. At the same time, they organically fit into material production. There are many such professions, and they are very diverse. Recognition, recognition, control, classification, verification by known features, sorting, research and evaluation are considered as the final product. Representatives include a laboratory assistant, an art historian. The medical examiner is also a profession of the Gnostic type.
• Refining. In this case, the main focus becomes the search for something, an activity that will help invent something new, come up with a solution. Representatives are people whose work is connected with the invention of the new and the transformation of the old. These are educators and teachers, programmers, mathematicians, engineers, pattern cutters.

Division by means of labor

According to the means of labor, professions are divided into:

• using mechanized weapons. These are professions that involve the management of machines or mechanisms in their activities. These machines are built using manual control to transform something, to move. The classic representatives of this profession will be a turner or a machine driver who, with the help of control, moves loads or gives shape to a workpiece.
• Using hand tools that are necessary to perform the very function of labor. Representatives are locksmiths, cartographers, artists, laboratory assistants.
• Using automated weapons. Such professions involve the management of machines, various devices. Workers - operators of incubation divisions, sound recording operators.
• Functional means of the human body. These are professions in which the main activity is thinking and reference. For example, a conductor or an acrobat.

Division by working conditions

According to working conditions, professions are divided by type of work:

• In the open air - agronomists, tractor drivers, fitters. Work involves sudden changes in temperature.
• Household type - accountant, programmer. This is office or laboratory work.
• Unusual - under water, at high altitude, in conditions of intense heat. Representatives - divers, miners.
• With a high level of responsibility moral character- such employees are responsible for human health, his life, material values. These are teachers, judges, sellers.

Classification of professions

All over the world it is customary to divide existing professions into certain classes. In Russia, the table compiled by E. A. Klimov is popular.

According to his classification, there are 5 main types:

• Man is technology. These are people who interact with inanimate objects, most often technical ones. For example - an electrician, a repairman, a turner.
• Man is nature. They deal with animals, forests, microorganisms. This is a veterinarian, agronomist, master horticulturalist, livestock specialist.
• Man is man. The subject of research, service, transformation are communities, social strata, groups, people different ages. Representatives - doctors, teachers, salespeople, engineers, teachers, guides.
• Man is an artistic image. A representative of this profession sees the world as creative, tries to highlight the beautiful. The environment excites him only from the point of view of the possibility of adding beauty, affecting form or emotion. Outstanding Representatives- artists, restorers, tuners, ballet dancers, drama theatre, composers, decorators.

Gnostic majors

Gnostic professions are professions that, as a result of activity, do not produce new products or goods. This is an appraisal area. The Gnostic class of professions is often associated with cultural activities and science.

Gnostic professions do not participate in the creation of the new. Most often, they evaluate existing, previously produced products or individual parameters.

Outstanding representatives: merchandiser, art critic, criminologist, radiologist.

Profession examples

Each profession combines various characteristics belonging to classes, types and types of different directions.

The Gnostic class is called upon:

• explore, distinguish, recognize, determine, verify;
• evaluate, understand difficult and complex phenomena, draw conclusions based on various features of the object);
• check according to previously familiar signs, sort, and so on.

Gnostic professions, the list of which is very long - the controller of technical control (technology), the corrector (this is a sign system), the critic (this is an artistic image), the expert of buildings and structures (this is architecture), the sanitary doctor (the sphere is a person), the laboratory assistant of analysis (this is nature), etc., may overlap with other professions and types.

Where is the Gnostic type found?

Gnostic professions, the list of which is endless, can be found anywhere. In the clinic and in the field, on construction site, and at the factory, in the trading floor of a supermarket or store. Gnostic professions can be classified into any of the five common types of professions: inspector-acceptor of manufactured products, critic, proofreader, sanitary doctor.

Transformative professions

The most numerous is the class of professions, which, according to their goals, is actively associated with a change in the properties of the objects of labor. That is why this class is called transforming. For such professions, psychologists, when compiling a career guidance map, use the abbreviation "Pr" - in the first letters keyword. This class is the most comprehensive because cognitive activity is not the main one, but only comes forward in front of the transforming one and is a by-product.

Transformative activity should be understood as any action, as a result of which the object of labor will change its properties, position in space, and vice versa, will actively retain its original properties. The class of these professions is widespread in different areas: teacher, carpenter, draftsman, field grower, restorer.

survey work

The Gnostic professions, examples of which have been discussed above, are very different from the exploratory ones. In the research class, only the goal of the work is brought to the fore, which implies the invention of something where you need to invent or define new version resolving the issue. In classifications, it is customary to designate this class with the letter "I". These are professions practical application. Often they are confused with the Gnostic, associated with special research. The gnostic professions, whose aim is to recognize and classify, in this context differ greatly from the exploratory ones. The work of a geologist, for example, often causes disputes among specialists as to where to attribute it.

Distinguishing Features of the Gnostic Professions

The Gnostic professions, examples of which were given earlier, are characterized by certain features that help to distinguish them from the general mass. In this class, any of the specialists does not independently participate in the production of new products, but only evaluates individual existing ones. These products are always made by other specialists and cannot arise on their own.

Also, representatives of gnostic professions can evaluate individual parameters of a product. Distinctive feature, which unites all specialists, is a high interest in the properties, features of certain objects or products, as well as their comparison.

Variety of Gnostic Specialties

The gnostic professions are so diverse that among all of them a separate independent group stands out, united by leading actions that are used to achieve the goals of a gnostic nature. These include: classification - sorting, checking according to qualities known in advance, research - deepening into more complex connections of hidden, not immediately visible and obvious processes or phenomena.

Employee Requirements

The specialties of this class impose certain personal and professional requirements on the employee. The main thing that distinguishes the Gnostic professions is the purpose of labor. Examples of requirements for an employee: very pronounced cognitive activity, high observation, attention stability, high-level performance, tirelessness and endurance of the necessary sensory organs. Quality control of products or evaluation of objects often affects the interests of other people. For impartial and qualitative research, the firmness of the position, the manifestation of integrity in the conclusions drawn, are important.

Examples

Examples of professions of a gnostic character are found at every turn. Let's say a cutter who works in an atelier. Each time, starting individual tailoring, he must change his activities, focusing on the figure of the client, the texture of the fabric, the style of the model.

In fact, he solves non-standard and creative tasks throughout the working day. The class of such professions - surveying - is extremely small.

Intersection of classes and goals

It is very rare that professions are clearly distinguished in which one type or class predominates. There cannot be only gnostic professions, only exploratory or only transformative ones. Most often, in the work that a person is engaged in, there are several goals: to recognize, and to invent, and to transform. In many specialties, the purpose of labor contains two elements, or even each of them. In order to determine whether the professions are gnostic or exploratory, and to attribute them to a certain class, it will be necessary to first determine which of the elements of goals constitutes the main, main content of all activity, and which element has a secondary value.

For example, a doctor, in order to treat a person, must first find out and make a diagnosis. At the beginning of his work, there will certainly be an element of exploratory activity and recognition, but the main content and meaning of all medical specialties is aimed at healing and healing the patient, and therefore - at his transformation.