6 Panfilovites who survived. The real story of "28 Panfilov"

28 PANFILOVTS: TRUTH OR FICTION?

On November 16, the premiere of the film "28 Panfilov's Men" took place in Volokolamsk. We understand what really happened on November 16, 1941 at the Dubosekovo junction.

The battle at the Dubosekovo junction in the Volokolamsky district of the Moscow region in November 1941 was indeed part of a large-scale campaign to defend Moscow from the Wehrmacht troops, and the 316th Rifle Division was deployed specifically near Dubosekovo.

For the first time, a message about the feat of 28 heroes allegedly killed in battle with the Nazis appeared in an essay by correspondent Vasily Koroteev in the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, which was edited by Alexander Krivitsky.

The same correspondent, according to archival data, came up with the widely quoted phrase: "Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat. Behind Moscow."

"More than 50 enemy tanks moved to the lines occupied by 29 Soviet guardsmen from the Panfilov division ... Only one of the 29 was fainthearted ... only one raised his hands up ... several guards at the same time, without saying a word, without a command, shot at a coward and a traitor," the article said, telling about the destruction of 18 enemy tanks by this group of people.

Arrest with a book about myself

Despite the glorification of Soviet times, questions about both the authorship of the phrase and the absence in German military chronicles of a message about a one-time loss of a large group of tanks were raised quite regularly.

To finally clarify the situation, the state archive - "in connection with numerous appeals from citizens" - posted a certificate-report of the chief military prosecutor of the times of the Great Patriotic War, Nikolai Afanasyev, which tells about the four surviving Panfilovites, one of whom even worked for the Germans after being captured.

"In November 1947, the military prosecutor's office of the Kharkov garrison arrested and prosecuted Mr. Dobrobabin Ivan Yevstafyevich for treason. The materials of the investigation established that, while at the front, Dobrobabin voluntarily surrendered to the Germans and in the spring of 1942 entered their [...] When Dobrobabin was arrested, a book about "28 Panfilov Heroes" was found, and it turned out that he was one of the main participants in this battle, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, "the certificate says dated May 10, 1948.

By the verdict of the military tribunal of the Kiev military district of June 8, 1948, Ivan Dobrobabin was sentenced to 15 years in prison with a loss of rights for a period of five years, confiscation of property and deprivation of the medals “For the Defense of Moscow”, “For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 –1945”, “For the capture of Vienna” and “For the capture of Budapest”; By decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of February 11, 1949, he was deprived of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

During the amnesty of 1955, his sentence was reduced to 7 years, after which he was released.

In 1947, the prosecutors, who checked the circumstances of the battle at the Dubosekovo junction, found out that not only Ivan Dobrobabin survived. "Resurrected" Daniil Kuzhebergenov, Grigory Shemyakin, Illarion Vasiliev, Ivan Shadrin. Later it became known that Dmitry Timofeev was also alive.

All of them were wounded in the battle near Dubosekovo, Kuzhebergenov, Shadrin and Timofeev passed through German captivity.

Soldier Ivan Natarov, who, according to the Krasnaya Zvezda journalists, told about the accomplished feat on his deathbed, was killed on November 14 - two days before the alleged battle.

Testimony of the commander of the 1075th Infantry Regiment, Ilya Kaprov. All 28 Panfilov heroes served in Karpov's regiment.

During interrogation at the prosecutor's office in 1948, Kaprov testified: “There was no battle between 28 Panfilov soldiers and German tanks at the Dubosekovo junction on November 16, 1941 - this is a complete fiction. On this day, at the Dubosekovo junction, as part of the 2nd battalion, the 4th company fought with German tanks, and really fought heroically. More than 100 people died from the company, and not 28, as they wrote about it in the newspapers. None of the correspondents contacted me during this period; I never told anyone about the battle of 28 Panfilov, and I could not talk, since there was no such battle. I did not write any political report on this matter. I do not know on the basis of what materials they wrote in the newspapers, in particular in Krasnaya Zvezda, about the battle of 28 guardsmen from the division named after. Panfilov. At the end of December 1941, when the division was assigned to the formation, the correspondent of the "Red Star" Krivitsky came to my regiment along with representatives of the political department of the division Glushko and Yegorov. Here I first heard about 28 Panfilov guardsmen. In a conversation with me, Krivitsky stated that it was necessary to have 28 Panfilov guardsmen who fought with German tanks. I told him that the whole regiment, and especially the 4th company of the 2nd battalion, fought with German tanks, but I don’t know anything about the battle of 28 guards ... Captain Gundilovich gave names to Krivitsky from memory, who had conversations with him on this topic , there were no documents about the battle of 28 Panfilov soldiers in the regiment and could not be.

Interrogations of journalists

Alexander Krivitsky testified during interrogation: “During a conversation with Comrade Krapivin at the PUR, he was interested in where I got the words of political instructor Klochkov, written in my basement: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind,” I answered him that I made it up me myself...

... In terms of sensations and actions, 28 characters are my literary conjecture. I did not talk to any of the wounded or surviving guardsmen. From the local population, I spoke only with a boy of 14-15 years old, who showed the grave where Klochkov was buried.

There was a battle at Dubosekovo, the company fought heroically

The testimonies of local residents testify that on November 16, 1941, at the Dubosekovo junction, there really was a battle between Soviet soldiers and the advancing Germans. Six fighters, including political instructor Klochkov, were buried by residents of the surrounding villages.

No one doubts that the soldiers of the 4th company at the Dubosekovo junction fought heroically.

There is no doubt that the 316th Rifle Division of General Panfilov in defensive battles in the Volokolamsk direction in November 1941 managed to hold back the onslaught of the enemy, which became the most important factor that made it possible to defeat the Nazis near Moscow.

According to the archival data of the USSR Ministry of Defense, the entire 1075th Infantry Regiment on November 16, 1941 destroyed 15 or 16 tanks and about 800 enemy personnel. That is, we can say that 28 fighters at the Dubosekovo junction did not destroy 18 tanks and did not die all.

But there is no doubt that their steadfastness and courage, their self-sacrifice made it possible to defend Moscow.

07:57 02.08.2017

All of us, citizens who are not indifferent to the past, present and future of Russia, know about the feat of the Panfilov heroes, who in 1941 stood to their death at the walls of Moscow. On November 15-16, the Nazis launched two strike groups, created in the first half of November 1941, on the offensive, trying to bypass Moscow from the north through Klin - Solnechnogorsk and from the south through Tula - Kashira. In particular, the Germans planned to go to Moscow along the Volokolamsk highway, but at the Dubosekovo junction, 28 fighters from the 316th Infantry Division, Major General I.V. Panfilov, fought with a company of German infantry, and then with German tanks. The battle lasted over four hours. A handful of Soviet soldiers stood in the way of German tanks and at the cost of their lives did not let the Germans through to the Volokolamsk highway. Almost everyone died. The feat of 28 Panfilov went down in history, as it was then thought, on eternal times, and the words of the political instructor of the company V. G. Klochkov: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat, behind Moscow!” - all the defenders of Moscow knew. On November 18, 1941, the commander of the 316th Infantry Division, Major General Ivan Vasilievich Panfilov, laid down his bright head near Moscow. In the journal Novy Mir, the denial of the feat of the Panfilovites began in 1997: under the authorship of Nikolai Petrov and Olga Edelman, an article “New about Soviet heroes” was published. heroes. In their opinion, the correspondent of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper V. I. Koroteev did not understand the events, the editor-in-chief D. Ortenberg also did not understand, the correspondent A. Yu. Krivitsky also did not understand, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR also did not understand and unfairly awarded Panfilov heroes. It seems that it was not the indicated persons who did not understand the events, but the persons who question the fact of the feat, since they have absolutely no idea of the USSR in the harsh wartime, the degree of responsibility for the work performed by each citizen of the country. It is naive to believe that an article in a newspaper was enough to be nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. But Westerners, until recently, had no reason to question the fact of the feat of the Panfilovites. And suddenly for them, like manna from heaven, a certificate appears, which the prosecutor's office allegedly addressed to Zhdanov. Very opportunely, the director of the State Archive of the Russian Federation Sergey Mironenko extracted this certificate from the dark hiding places. As in that saying, the Westerners did not have a penny and suddenly an altyn appeared. All persons who seek to turn the real feat of the Panfilovites into a myth, and the myth invented by persons advancing on the feat, turn into real events, have one thing in common: they all refer to the certificate - Afanasyev's report. It is impossible not to pay attention to the fact that their texts do not contain the sources themselves, to which the authors refer. The last reception of the Westerners was pointed out by the remarkable historian, researcher A.V. Great Patriotic War English citizen V. B. Rezun, who is published in Russia under the pseudonym Viktor Suvorov. At one time, this Suvorov filled up the shelves of Russian stores with “historical” books about the war (apparently, he has very rich sponsors), and in each book there are links, links to open Soviet sources, texts from these books. But if you see fit, take your time and find the books referenced by the author, you will find that in many cases their texts do not correspond at all to the texts given by him in his books. I'm not talking about the possibilities of today's technology, capable of creating any document with a signature, seal and date. With the beginning of perestroika, dozens of these “documents” suddenly began to be found, and Westerners began to wave them like flags of irrefutable evidence of the truth. The whistleblowers contradict themselves. For example, they write that “as a result, already on July 21, 1942, the Presidium of the Supreme Council signed a corresponding decree” on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on 28 Panfilovites. With the word "already" they tend to emphasize the haste in rewarding the heroes. In fact, the word “already” in the text is inappropriate, since the Panfilov’s feat was accomplished on November 16, 1941, and the decree on rewarding was issued eight months after the feat, which indicates that there was enough time to verify the accuracy of the information provided. In articles devoted to the feat of heroes -Panfilovites during the Great Patriotic War, many write that already in 1948 a large-scale investigation was carried out to establish whether the feat of 28 Panfilovites really took place. But not a single article asked the question why the prosecutor's office, which in 1947 dealt with the case of Dobrobabin, began to deal with another matter, namely, to assess whether the feat of 28 Panfilovites took place or not. Who authorized the prosecutor's office to investigate the issue of the feat of 28 Panfilov's? Only now, the authors of the articles, to one degree or another denying the feat of 28 Panfilov's men, did not show the conclusion of the prosecutor's office to any of the readers and did not even cite a single verbatim excerpt from the case file. This suggests that they did not familiarize themselves with the materials of the prosecutor's office, but completely trusted the comments of S. Mironenko. Not only official, but also any justified exposure is not visible in the information provided. It is suspicious that documents that cast doubt on the feat of 28 Panfilov’s men were discovered during the Khrushchev thaw and Gorbachev’s perestroika, that is, during mass falsifications and forgeries. In fact, as Minister of Culture V.R. Prosecutor's Office (GVP) dated May 10, 1948 showed: “There was a battle near Dubosekovo. It was led by the 4th company of the 1075th rifle regiment. But S. Mironenko does not notice this conclusion of the prosecutor's office, but stubbornly imposes on the public the opinion that there was no battle at Dubosekovo. His attitude to the feat in the articles of Sergei Mironenko's associates is expressed unequivocally as an insult to the memory of real heroes who did not spare their lives for the sake of achieving the Great Victory. But none of the real heroes are named. It turns out that the real heroes are those who do not have a name, whom the country does not know. Replacing real heroes with virtual ones means depriving the nation of its heroes. Our enemies understand this and constantly reproach us for glorifying individual heroes and forgetting about thousands of others. Another source tells us: “In July 2015, the State Archive published on its official website a scanned copy of the certificate-report of the Chief Military Prosecutor of the USSR Nikolai Afanasyev about "the so-called feat of 28 Panfilov"". In a report prepared in May 1948, it was reported that the story of the feat of 28 fighters of the division under the command of Major General Ivan Panfilov, who at the cost of their lives stopped German tanks in the battle near Moscow on November 19, 1941, was actually invented by a newspaper employee " Red Star. Was there such a certificate? Most likely, not a feat, but a certificate was invented. It is hard to believe that I. V. Stalin in 1947-1948 could allow such a desecration of the memory of heroes. It is possible that this reference-report by Afanasyev appeared decades later, since no one knew or wrote anything about it for more than half a century. If archives with tens of thousands of documents burned down in Moscow and St. Petersburg and no one was held responsible for this, then hardly anyone will be afraid of responsibility for a fake certificate. Vladimir Tikhomirov, trying to explain Stalin's position, wrote the following: “Of course, this episode itself about the falsification of the feat during the battle of Moscow (under the leadership of Zhukov) did not mean anything, but this case was the very brick with which the Chekists built the execution wall for the Marshal of Victory ... However, Afanasyev's report was not useful. Apparently, the leader of the peoples decided to forgive the marshal, or he was simply frightened by the increased power of the MGB. As a result, Zhukov got off with a strict party reprimand. K. Zhukov got off not with a reprimand, but with a link away from Moscow to a position that was far from being a marshal. With this decision, I.V. Stalin saved G.K. Zhukov from trial for the illegal export of material values from Germany, and did not build a firing line, as the author writes. It must be understood that Stalin constantly supported and promoted G.K. Zhukov. It was G.K. Zhukov and I.S. Konev that Stalin instructed in 1945 to lead the fronts that took Berlin. In a few short paragraphs, the author managed to denigrate both the MGB and Dobrobabin. And the author is unaware that on November 16, 1941, Dobrobabin fought like a hero. One must not love Russia to write like that. What is worth one phrase of the author: "Heroes were not enough then." And he writes this about a time when there were so many heroes that there were not enough correspondents to describe the exploits of our soldiers and officers. At that time, even cowards became heroes. The author also managed to slander I.V. Stalin, under whose leadership the USSR during the war years produced twice as many weapons as Germany, together with Europe that worked for it, and won not only the Battle of Moscow, but also throughout the war, defeating the armies of Germany, Italy, Hungary, Romania and Finland. The author guesses that the reader will not understand why Stalin allowed some military prosecutor's office of the Kharkov garrison to make a statement about the falsification of the feat of the Panfilov heroes. In an effort to explain this paradox, the author actually declared the conclusions of the Kharkov prosecutor's office about the feat of 28 Panfilovites untrue, since the author himself indicates that the prosecutor's office made its statement to fight Zhukov. And how the author begins the article! They broke into the apartment, hit in the teeth. Fiction, fiction, detective story, like the whole article. And on the basis of such articles, the feat of our soldiers is called into question! It is alarming that the copies of the documents were not only published, but also commented on by the director of the State Archives of the Russian Federation, endowed with full power, Sergei Mironenko. Then S. Mironenko stated that in reality there were no 28 Panfilovites, and their feat was an invention of Soviet propaganda. Elena Panfilova, the granddaughter of the commander of the 316th Infantry Division Ivan Vasilievich Panfilov, answers the following question about the feat of the Panfilovites: “I don’t understand who this topic needs to be brought up again. Not so long ago, my mother, Maya Ivanovna, passed away. She was the daughter of Ivan Vasilyevich, from childhood she knew that her father was a hero, he died on November 18, 1941, along with his soldiers. And suddenly it turns out - "it was not like that, the feat was invented." Let such statements be on the conscience of those who make them. Even the Germans recognized, were amazed and bowed before the heroism of the soldiers of the Panfilov division and called this division wild and fearless. Do they doubt their own? We recently visited Volokolamsk for commemorative events dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Moscow. We were received very warmly there. There were many young people. None of them asked if there was a feat. They know: there was.” Boris Sokolov, a cameraman during the Great Patriotic War, explains: “Panfilov, of course, there were not 28. But much more - hundreds, a division! The journalist of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, where the article about the feat first appeared, decided to voice this particular figure and these names. As I understand it, the commander of the unit, in turn, voiced them to him - whom he, the commander, was able to remember literally on the run. Later it turned out that three of those who were listed as dead after that battle at Dubosekovo actually remained alive. But to double-check information under exploding shells, to take detailed interviews with eyewitnesses at the table, as you understand, was unrealistic. I’m telling you as a documentary filmmaker: it was on this front line that Panfilov’s division soldiers stopped German tanks. ”The second granddaughter, Aigul, to the question of Sergei Prudnikov about her attitude to the fact that the feat of the Panfilovites had become a topic of heated discussion in society, replied:“ This is a sore subject. In general, all these "whistleblowers" are masters who, without having fought, without sniffing gunpowder, without knowing anything in practice, undertake to argue what is right and what is wrong. My mother, for example, always wanted to meet the historian Volkogonov, who in the late 1980s suddenly began to assert that the Soviet Union was not preparing for war. She was indignant: why didn’t I prepare if I graduated from the courses of sanitary troopers, had the badge "Voroshilovsky shooter"? We prepared, we knew what would happen! In 1994, on the eve of the New Year, we in Alma-Ata in the newspaper "Karavan" published a huge article - "28 Panfilov: true or fiction?" A certain journalist Rakip Nasyrov went to Dubosekovo, walked around, looked and decided, he simply decided that this battle could not have happened at all, General Panfilov is a non-professional and the general's epaulettes should be torn off him! When this article came out, my first thought was - just don't show my mom. What is it, the veterans have already cut off the phone! And, frankly, this publication stole several years of life from my mother ... ". The third granddaughter of I.V. Panfilov, Aula, said:" I never thought that we would have to protect our comrades and parents who had already died. Ildar Sharipov wrote: “What is written about this feat in Wikipedia can be considered a vile substitution. The author of an article by a respected, in general, source reports that the battle of 28 Panfilov soldiers on the Volokolamsk highway is a fiction of a writer and military correspondent. Not true! There is a substitution of meanings, concepts, whose deep roots grow from two perestroikas - Khrushchev's and Gorbachev's. It's no secret that the main goal in a war is victory. Everything that helps to bring it closer and achieve it is strengthened and multiplied. Everything that interferes is discarded in one way or another. The time for analysis comes after the war and after the victory. So it was in the case of the Panfilovites. Three years after the victory, a prosecutor's check was carried out, the results of which leave no doubt: near Dubosekovo, where that battle took place, more than a hundred soldiers from different corners THE USSR. Most of the Panfilovites died, but the Nazis were not allowed to enter Moscow ... On November 24, 2016, the screening of the domestic film "28 Panfilovites" starts. It is noteworthy that the funds for its creation came from ordinary Russians as well - more than 30 million (30 million 762 thousand 62 rubles - L.M.) rubles were collected using the Internet, which is almost a record in our country. ”Money sent 35086 people. “It was a real miracle,” Andrey Shalopa said at the Panfilov's show for journalists. Such trust of thousands of people was incredibly touching, but at the same time we felt an unprecedented responsibility.” While people were sending money to shoot the film, the head of the State Archives, Sergei Mironenko, published on the agency's website and commented on Afanasyev's report. But people listened not to Mironenko, but to those who died in battle, their grandfathers and fathers who died and were alive, who managed to convey the truth to their children and grandchildren. In 2015, the Moscow group of Panfilov veterans asked to bring to justice the director of the Russian State Archives, Sergei Mironenko, and the head of the Federal Archival Agency Andrey Artizov for their discussion in the press about the feat of 28 Panfilov's men. One can understand these people who miraculously survived the battles, defended Moscow and the country, but in their old age they were denounced by the above persons. Mironenko was removed from office. Apparently, there were reasons. Professor Andrei Klimov, Doctor of Historical Sciences, during his lecture, when asked if 28 Panfilov heroes existed at all, answered: “Today I will try to prove that this is not a myth. The fighting of the Panfilovites became a symbol of fearlessness and unshakable will to win, the indestructible military brotherhood of representatives of the fraternal peoples of the Soviet Union. And he proved it. Doctor of Historical Sciences Minister of Culture V.R. Medinsky said that 28 Panfilov’s men are like 300 Spartans. And Ivan Proshkin, assessing the feat of the Panfilovites, correctly noted: “The feat of the Panfilovites: the future of Russia belongs to the heroes of the past.” The armies of Germany and its allies in June 1941 were twice the size of the Red Army, but thanks to the courage of Soviet soldiers and officers, the presence in the Red Army of the best artillery in the world, self-loading automatic rifles, machine guns and other small arms, the receipt of new, superior to German, medium tanks T-34 and heavy KV tanks, aircraft, the presence in the army of a huge number of obsolete weapons, but capable of incapacitating enemy infantry and equipment, the Red Army withstood the first blow and onslaught of the enemy. Despite the fact that the Nazis could not take Leningrad and throw the liberated divisions near Moscow, the position of our troops near Moscow remained critical. According to all theoretical calculations, the USSR should have lost this war. The United States predicted that we would hold out for several months, England - several weeks, and for Germany, August was the deadline for capturing Moscow, and October - the territory of the USSR to the Urals along the Moscow - Astrakhan line. All these forecasts and plans were justified. The USA and England knew well the strength of the troops of Germany and its allies, and the Germans meticulously calculated everything. The capture of Moscow could well have taken place, and this meant one thing for the peoples of the USSR - death. Hitler repeatedly declared that he was waging a war of extermination in the east. Our Soviet people were not exterminated thanks to the feat accomplished by our people, our army, 28 Panfilovites. And all this talk that in 1812 the troops left Moscow, but Russia won the war with Europe, does not take into account a number of factors. At that time Moscow was not the capital Russian Empire, the defense capability of the country did not depend on the work of its industry, the possibilities of Napoleon's army to seize the territory of Russia after the capture of Moscow were limited due to the lack military equipment XX century. From the results of the Moscow battle depended whether or not to be Russia, to live or not to live Russian and other peoples of the USSR. On one of the most difficult directions near Moscow in the Volokolamsk region, the 316th Rifle Division of Major General Panfilov fought in a defense zone about 40 kilometers long. The division was attacked by three tank and one rifle divisions of the Wehrmacht. If we take into account that one Wehrmacht rifle division was twice as large as one Red Army rifle division, then we can say that three tank and two German rifle divisions attacked Panfilov's division.I. V. Panfilov found a solution that dramatically improves the ability to fight tanks. The organization of the defense of the 316th Infantry Division is still being studied by the military of many countries. Panfilov prepared his division well, including in terms of fighting enemy tanks. He explained that a tank is the same tractor, but with a cannon, and taught to destroy tanks, not to be afraid of them. Given that most of the army fighters were called up from villages and villages (all skilled workers were booked and produced weapons), such an explanation was clear to them. On November 16, 1941, the most terrible blow fell on the Panfilovites, who were holding the defense at the Dubosekovo junction. The defense was held by the soldiers of the 4th company of the 1075th regiment under the command of political instructor Vasily Klochkov. They were attacked by 50 tanks and infantry. The battle lasted over four hours. Despite huge losses, the Germans continued to attack the positions of the Panfilovites. Most of the Panfilovites, of course, understood that, given the existing balance of forces, they were not destined to stay alive, but Russians, Kazakhs, and fighters of other nationalities fought to the death in Russian. Commander Vasily Klochkov , like the soldiers, he understood that he would die, but he could not even allow the thought of leaving positions, of allowing a breakthrough of enemy troops. That is why he said: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat. Behind Moscow! These words of a man going to his death for his Motherland, for all those who lived in our country at that time, for us who live today, expressed the thoughts and feelings of all the fighters who fought near Moscow. These were the words of the entire Soviet people, who stood in the way of the enemy with an irresistible force. Political instructor Klochkov died, being seriously wounded, throwing himself with a bunch of grenades under a German tank and blowing it up with him. As they say now, not all died, but 22 out of 28 Panfilov soldiers who fought nearby under the command of Klochkov. The Germans did not break through to the Volokolamsk highway. Eighteen tanks and hundreds of their soldiers left the enemy on the battlefield. But S. Mironenko and his comrades-in-arms are poking us in the face with papers of dubious origin and shouting that there was no feat of 28 Panfilovites and Klochkov did not utter the above words. But even in these papers, put on public display by Mironenko, it is written that there was a battle near Dubosekovo on November 16, 1941. In addition to these papers, there are other archival documents confirming the untruthfulness of Mironenko's words. For example, information from the political report of the head of the political department of the 316th rifle division, battalion commissar Galushko, to the head of the political department of the 16th army, regimental commissar Maslenov. The village of Gusenevo, November 17, 1941: “... in the morning of 11/16/1941, at 08:00, the enemy launched an offensive on the left flank of our defense in the area of 1075 SP. The enemy attacked in the amount of 50-60 heavy and medium tanks and a rather large the number of infantry and machine gunners. 1075 SP suffered heavy losses, two companies were completely lost, data on losses are being specified, we will report in the next report. 1075 SP fought to the last opportunity, the command of the regiment left the command post only when enemy tanks appeared at the command post. "This whole team of ill-wishers often lies in an effort to cover up the heroic past of our people with black paint, deprive the nation of dignity, form a new Russian, shy past of his Motherland and feeling his own inferiority. For example, Vladimir Tikhomirov writes: “For a long time Afanasyev's secret report haunted historians. For the first time, these documents were unearthed by the front-line soldier and publicist Emil Kardin, who published the article "Legends and Facts" in the journal "New World" in 1966. The article received a sharp rebuke from General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev himself, who called Cardin a slanderer. Nevertheless, rumors about the report periodically surfaced in various publications of “samizdat”. The “whistleblowers” are not telling the truth. In the article "Legends and Facts", published in 1966 in the journal "New World", there is not a word about Afanasiev's secret report. E. Cardin in "Legends and Facts" glorifies his own and criticizes not his own historians and publicists, in particular, A. Krivitsky. He writes: “Years have passed since then, and it turned out: several of the twenty-eight Panfilovites are alive! A. Krivitsky also mentions this in the book "I will not forget forever." He names the names of Shemyakin, Vasiliev, Shadrin, reports that they sent him their photographs. But he does not make any changes to the description of the battle, he does not give any new details. Whether he saw them or not, whether he finally tried to find out from the direct participants how this unprecedented duel went, nothing is known. The entire campaign to discredit the feat of the Panfilovites is built on similar statements, calculated on the fact that the reader will not read the material referred to by the "whistleblower". They understand that their arguments are impure, and with false statements that in 1966 E. Cardin wrote about the prosecutor's statements of 1947 and the reports of 1948, denying the feat of the Panfilovites, they are trying to mislead our society. They are trying to say with an untrue statement that already in 1966 there were reports, copies of which were presented by Sergei Mironenko. But such information is not confirmed in the article "Legends and Facts", which is pointed out by "whistleblowers". There is no mention of memorandums denying the feat of the Panfilov heroes, neither in 1966, nor in 1976, nor even in 1986, nor in all these decades. The copy of the memorandum of the alleged Prosecutor General of the USSR G. N. Safonov lacks Safonov’s signature, which causes doubt about the authenticity of the document. Also, the position of Safonov is not indicated, which could not have been in the document sent to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks to Comrade Zhdanov. The type of document is also not indicated, that is, a memorandum, order, presentation, decision, etc. There are no patronymic initials, as in the West, there are no date, day, month and year of sending the document. In the upper left corner is someone's signature and printed: 17/V, but the year is not indicated. In the upper right corner is written: "July 11, 48" (moreover, the number 4 is written in pencil, and the number 8 is typed). Further in the same corner it is written: No. 145 LSS. The letter "L" is usually placed when registering orders for personnel, but this is not an order. In the same corner is written in pencil: owls. secret ... - and then the entry was made according to a different text. Is it possible to trust a document without a signature, position and date with a number of other comments? But this so-called document formed the basis for denying the feat of the Panfilov heroes. In the copy of the second reference-report "On 28 Panfilovites" (one must come up with such a name!) The chief military prosecutor of the country, N.P. Afanasyev, does not contain the person to whom the report is addressed. It can only be judged from the comments of S. Mironenko's associates that the report was intended for the USSR Prosecutor G. N. Safonov. In the certificate, too, as is customary in the West, there are no patronymic initials. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences G. A. Kumanev, who defended the truth about the Panfilov heroes, did not accidentally name his article “Feat and forgery”, and Marshal of the Soviet Union D. T. Yazov agreed with him. Every citizen of Russia must understand that the alleged signature of the Chief Prosecutor of the USSR N.N. P. Afanasyev cannot be taken as a weighty argument for denying the feat of 28 Panfilov’s men on November 16, 1941 in the battle of Moscow. Sergei Mironenko, who published a copy of the certificate-report of the country’s chief military prosecutor N. P. Afanasyev and a memorandum without the signature of the USSR Prosecutor General G. N Safonova, claims that he was guided by the desire for truth, but the factual material points to other goals. At the beginning of his speech, he refers to German sources, and at the end he states the following: "This is the vile essence of the Soviet state, for which real heroes mean nothing." What undisguised hatred for the Panfilov heroes, whom he declares to be fictional heroes, but does not name a single real hero of the Moscow battle! The West and its servants inside Russia are trying to deprive us of their heroes, to convince us that among, for example, 28 Panfilov heroes star of the Hero of the Soviet Union, there were no heroes. The Westerners began to debunk the heroes even during perestroika and, as it seems to them, they have now debunked all the heroes and great people of Russia. It would seem that there should be no doubt that 28 Panfilov’s men fought heroically near Moscow and almost all died. Two, as it turned out later, were captured, four more remained alive. So why is there so much noise? The order of forces unfriendly to Russia is clearly visible, mockery of those who are pure and holy for the people, and of all of us who love Russia, are proud of its history and culture, its labor and feats of arms. Author: Leonid Maslovsky The opinion expressed in the publication of Leonid Maslovsky is his personal position and may not coincide with the opinion of the editors of the Zvezda TV channel website.

The emergence of the official version

The history of the emergence of the official version of events is set out in the materials of the investigation of the Chief Military Prosecutor's Office. The feat of the heroes was first reported by the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper on November 27, 1941 in an essay by the front-line correspondent V. I. Koroteev. The article about the participants in the battle said that "everyone died, but the enemy was not missed."

Over fifty enemy tanks moved to the lines occupied by twenty-nine Soviet guards from the division. Panfilov… Only one out of twenty-nine was cowardly… only one raised his hands up… several guardsmen at the same time, without saying a word, without a command, shot at a coward and a traitor…

The editorial went on to say that the remaining 28 guards destroyed 18 enemy tanks and "lay down their heads - all twenty-eight. They died, but did not let the enemy through ... "The editorial was written by the literary secretary of the Red Star A. Yu. Krivitsky. The names of the guardsmen who fought and died, both in the first and in the second article, were not indicated.

Criticism of the official version

Critics of the official version, as a rule, give the following arguments and assumptions:

Investigation materials

In November 1947, the Military Prosecutor's Office of the Kharkov garrison arrested and prosecuted I. E. Dobrobabin for treason. According to the case file, while at the front, Dobrobabin voluntarily surrendered to the Germans and in the spring of 1942 entered their service. He served as chief of police in the temporarily German-occupied village of Perekop, Valkovsky district, Kharkiv region. In March 1943, when this area was liberated from the Germans, Dobrobabin was arrested as a traitor by the Soviet authorities, but escaped from custody, again went over to the Germans and again got a job in the German police, continuing active treacherous activities, arrests of Soviet citizens and the direct implementation of forced sending labor to Germany.

When Dobrobabin was arrested, a book about 28 Panfilov heroes was found, and it turned out that he was one of the main participants in this heroic battle, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. By interrogation of Dobrobabin, it was established that in the Dubosekov area he was indeed slightly wounded and captured by the Germans, but did not perform any feats, and everything that is written about him in the book about the Panfilov heroes is not true. In this regard, the Main Military Prosecutor's Office of the USSR conducted a thorough investigation into the history of the battle at the Dubosekovo junction. The results were reported by the Chief Military Prosecutor of the Armed Forces of the country, Lieutenant General of Justice N.P. Afanasyev, to the Prosecutor General of the USSR G.N. Safonov on May 10, 1948. On the basis of this report, on June 11, a certificate signed by Safonov was drawn up, addressed to A. A. Zhdanov.

For the first time, V. Kardin publicly doubted the authenticity of the story about the Panfilovites, who published the article “Legends and Facts” in the journal Novy Mir (February 1966). A number of new publications followed in the late 1980s. An important argument was the publication of declassified materials from the 1948 investigation by the military prosecutor's office.

In particular, these materials contain the testimony of the former commander of the 1075th Infantry Regiment, I. V. Kaprov:

... There was no battle between 28 Panfilov's men and German tanks at the Dubosekovo junction on November 16, 1941 - this is a complete fiction. On this day, at the Dubosekovo junction, as part of the 2nd battalion, the 4th company fought with German tanks, and really fought heroically. More than 100 people died from the company, and not 28, as they wrote about it in the newspapers. None of the correspondents contacted me during this period; I never told anyone about the battle of 28 Panfilov's men, and I could not speak, since there was no such battle. I did not write any political report on this matter. I do not know on the basis of what materials they wrote in the newspapers, in particular in the Red Star, about the battle of 28 guardsmen from the division named after. Panfilov. At the end of December 1941, when the division was assigned to the formation, the correspondent of the "Red Star" Krivitsky came to my regiment along with representatives of the political department of the division Glushko and Yegorov. Here I first heard about 28 Panfilov guardsmen. In a conversation with me, Krivitsky said that it was necessary to have 28 Panfilov guardsmen who fought with German tanks. I told him that the whole regiment, and especially the 4th company of the 2nd battalion, fought with German tanks, but I don’t know anything about the battle of 28 guardsmen ... Captain Gundilovich gave names to Krivitsky from memory, who had conversations with him on this topic, there were no documents about the battle of 28 Panfilov soldiers in the regiment and could not be. Nobody asked me about my last name. Subsequently, after lengthy clarifications of surnames, only in April 1942, from the headquarters of the division, they sent ready-made award lists and a general list of 28 guardsmen to me in the regiment for signature. I signed these sheets for conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on 28 guardsmen. Who was the initiator of compiling the list and award lists for 28 guards - I do not know.

The materials of the interrogation of the correspondent Koroteev are also given (clarifying the origin of the number 28):

Around November 23-24, 1941, together with Chernyshev, a war correspondent for the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper, I was at the headquarters of the 16th army ... When we left the army headquarters, we met the commissar of the 8th Panfilov division Yegorov, who spoke about the extremely difficult situation at the front and reported that our people are fighting heroically in all areas. In particular, Egorov gave an example of a heroic battle of one company with German tanks, 54 tanks advanced on the line of the company, and the company delayed them, destroying some of them. Yegorov himself was not a participant in the battle, but spoke from the words of the regimental commissar, who also did not participate in the battle with German tanks ... Yegorov recommended writing in the newspaper about the heroic battle of the company with enemy tanks, having previously read the political report received from the regiment ...

The political report spoke about the battle of the fifth company with enemy tanks and that the company stood "to the death" - it died, but did not retreat, and only two people turned out to be traitors, raised their hands to surrender to the Germans, but they were destroyed by our fighters. The report did not mention the number of company soldiers who died in this battle, and did not mention their names. We did not establish this from conversations with the regiment commander either. It was impossible to get into the regiment, and Yegorov did not advise us to try to get into the regiment.

Upon arrival in Moscow, I reported the situation to the editor of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, Ortenberg, about the company's battle with enemy tanks. Ortenberg asked me how many people were in the company. I answered him that the composition of the company, apparently, was incomplete, about 30-40 people; I also said that two of these people turned out to be traitors ... I didn’t know that a front line on this topic was being prepared, but Ortenberg called me again and asked how many people were in the company. I told him that about 30 people. Thus, the number of 28 people who fought appeared, since out of 30 two turned out to be traitors. Ortenberg said that it was impossible to write about two traitors, and, apparently, after consulting with someone, he decided to write about only one traitor in the front line.

The interrogated secretary of the newspaper Krivitsky testified:

During a conversation with Comrade Krapivin in PUR, he was interested in where I got the words of political instructor Klochkov, written in my basement: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind,” I answered him that I invented it myself ...

... In terms of sensations and actions, 28 heroes are my literary conjecture. I did not talk to any of the wounded or surviving guardsmen. From the local population, I spoke only with a boy of 14-15 years old, who showed the grave where Klochkov was buried.

... In 1943, from the division where 28 Panfilov heroes were and fought, they sent me a letter of awarding me the title of guardsman. I was only in the division three or four times.

The conclusion of the investigation of the prosecutor's office:

Thus, the materials of the investigation established that the feat of 28 Panfilov guardsmen, covered in the press, is a fiction of the correspondent Koroteev, the editor of Krasnaya Zvezda Ortenberg, and especially the literary secretary of the newspaper Krivitsky.

Official version support

Marshal of the Soviet Union D.T. Yazov defended the official version, relying, in particular, on the study of the historian G.A. Kumanev "Feat and Forgery". In September 2011, the newspaper "Soviet Russia" published the material "Shamelessly ridiculed feat", which included a letter from the marshal criticizing Mironenko. The same letter, with slight cuts, was also published by Komsomolskaya Pravda:

... It turned out that not all "twenty-eight" were dead. What of it? The fact that six of the twenty-eight named heroes, being wounded, shell-shocked, despite everything, survived the battle on November 16, 1941, refutes the fact that an enemy tank column was stopped at the Dubosekovo junction, rushing towards Moscow? Doesn't refute. Yes, indeed, it later became known that not all 28 heroes died in that battle. So, G. M. Shemyakin and I. R. Vasiliev were seriously wounded and ended up in the hospital. D. F. Timofeev and I. D. Shadrin were taken prisoner by the wounded and experienced all the horrors of fascist captivity. The fate of D. A. Kuzhebergenov and I. E. Dobrobabin, who also survived, but for various reasons excluded from the list of Heroes and have not yet been restored in this capacity, was not easy, although their participation in the battle at the Dubosekovo junction, in principle, does not cause no doubt, which was convincingly proved in his study by the doctor of historical sciences G. A. Kumanev, who personally met with them. ... By the way, the fate of these "resurrected from the dead" Panfilov heroes was the reason for writing in May 1948 a letter from the Chief Military Prosecutor, Lieutenant General of Justice N. P. Afanasyev, to the Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks A. A. Zhdanov ...
However, Andrey Alexandrovich Zhdanov ... immediately determined that all the materials of the "investigation of the case of 28 Panfilovites", set out in the letter of the Chief Military Prosecutor, were prepared too clumsily, the conclusions, as they say, were "sewn with white threads." ... As a result, the "case" was not given further progress, and it was sent to the archive ...

D. Yazov cited the words of the correspondent of Krasnaya Zvezda A. Yu. Krivitsky, who was accused of the fact that the feat of 28 Panfilov's men was the fruit of his author's imagination. Recalling the course of the investigation, A. Yu. Krivitsky said:

I was told that if I refuse to testify that I completely invented the description of the battle at Dubosekovo and that I did not talk to any of the seriously wounded or surviving Panfilov before the publication of the article, then I would soon find myself in Pechora or Kolyma. In such an environment, I had to say that the battle at Dubosekovo was my literary fiction.

Documentary evidence of the battle

The commander of the 1075th regiment, I. Kaprov (testimonies given during the investigation of the Panfilov case):

... In the company by November 16, 1941 there were 120-140 people. My command post was behind the Dubosekovo junction, 1.5 km from the position of the 4th company (2nd battalion). I don’t remember now whether there were anti-tank rifles in the 4th company, but I repeat that in the entire 2nd battalion there were only 4 anti-tank rifles ... In total, there were 10-12 enemy tanks in the sector of the 2nd battalion. How many tanks went (directly) to the sector of the 4th company, I don’t know, or rather, I can’t determine ...

With the resources of the regiment and the efforts of the 2nd battalion, this tank attack was repulsed. In battle, the regiment destroyed 5-6 German tanks, and the Germans withdrew. At 14-15 hours, the Germans opened heavy artillery fire ... and again went on the attack with tanks ... More than 50 tanks attacked in the regiment's sectors, and the main blow was directed at the positions of the 2nd battalion, including the sector of the 4th company, and one the tank even went to the location of the regiment's command post and set fire to the hay and the booth, so that I accidentally managed to get out of the dugout: the embankment of the railway saved me, people who survived the attack of German tanks began to gather around me. The 4th company suffered the most: led by the company commander Gundilovich, 20-25 people survived. The rest of the companies suffered less.

According to archival data of the USSR Ministry of Defense, the entire 1075th Infantry Regiment on November 16, 1941 destroyed 15 (according to other sources - 16) tanks and about 800 enemy personnel. The losses of the regiment, according to the report of its commander, amounted to 400 people killed, 600 people missing, 100 people wounded.

Testimony of the chairman of the Nelidovsky village council Smirnova during the investigation into the Panfilov case:

The battle of the Panfilov division near our village of Nelidovo and the Dubosekovo junction took place on November 16, 1941. During this battle, all our residents, including myself, hid in shelters ... The Germans entered the area of \u200b\u200bour village and the Dubosekovo junction on November 16, 1941 and were repulsed by units of the Soviet Army on December 20, 1941. At that time, there were large snow drifts, which continued until February 1942, due to which we did not collect the corpses of those killed on the battlefield and did not perform funerals.

... In the early days of February 1942, we found only three corpses on the battlefield, which we buried in a mass grave on the outskirts of our village. And then already in March 1942, when it began to melt, military units carried three more corpses to the mass grave, including the corpse of political instructor Klochkov, who was identified by the soldiers. So in the mass grave of the Panfilov heroes, which is located on the outskirts of our village of Nelidovo, 6 fighters of the Soviet Army are buried. No more corpses were found on the territory of the Nelidovsky village council.

From a note by Colonel-General S. M. Shtemenko to the Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR N. A. Bulganin on August 28, 1948:

No operational documents and documents through political bodies specifically mentioning the heroic feat that really took place and the death of 28 Panfilov’s men in the area of the Dubosekovo junction were found at all ... Only one document confirms the death of the political instructor of the 4th company Klochkov (mentioned among the 28th mi). Therefore, we can clearly assume that the first reports about the battle of 28 Panfilov’s men on November 16, 1941 were made by the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, in which Koroteev’s essay, the newspaper’s editorial and Krivitsky’s essay “On 28 Fallen Heroes” were published. These reports, apparently, served as the basis for the presentation of 28 people to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Battle reenactment

By the end of October 1941, the first stage of the German operation "Typhoon" (attack on Moscow) was completed. German troops, having defeated parts of three Soviet fronts near Vyazma, reached the near approaches to Moscow. At the same time, the German troops suffered losses and needed some respite to rest the units, put them in order and replenish. By November 2, the front line in the Volokolamsk direction had stabilized, the German units temporarily went on the defensive. On November 16, German troops again went on the offensive, planning to defeat the Soviet units, surround Moscow and victoriously end the 1941 campaign.

The fate of some Panfilov

Momyshuly, Bauyrzhan. After the war, the brave officer continued to serve in the Armed Forces of the USSR. In 1948 he graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff. Since 1950 - Senior Lecturer at the Military Academy of Logistics and Supply of the Soviet Army. Since December 1955, Colonel Momysh-uly has been in reserve. Member of the Writers' Union of the USSR. He entered the history of military science as the author of tactical maneuvers and strategies that are still being studied in military universities. He lectured on combat training during a visit to Cuba in 1963 (published in Spanish-language newspapers). He met with the Minister of Defense of Cuba, Raul Castro, and was awarded the title of honorary commander of the 51st regiment of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba. In the military educational institutions The United States, Cuba, Israel, Nicaragua separately studied the military experience of Momyshuly. "Volokolamsk Highway" became a required reading book for members of the Palmach, and later for officers of the Israel Defense Forces. Fernando Heredia wrote that "most Cubans begin their study of Marxism-Leninism from Volokolamsk Highway." He died on June 10, 1982.

Alma-Ata, park named after 28 Panfilov guardsmen. A memorial stone dedicated to Grigory Shemyakin, who was born in 1906 (old style) or 1907 (new style) and actually died in 1973, but the year of death is engraved on the stone as 1941, since, according to the official version, all 28 Panfilovites died.

Kozhabergenov (Kuzhebergenov) Daniil Aleksandrovich. Liaison officer Klochkov. He did not directly participate in the battle, since in the morning he was sent with a report to Dubosekovo, where he was captured. On the evening of November 16, he escaped from captivity to the forest. For some time he was in the occupied territory, after which he was discovered by the horsemen of General L. M. Dovator, who were in a raid on the German rear. After the release of the Dovator connection from the raid, he was interrogated by a special department, admitted that he had not participated in the battle, and was sent back to the Dovator division. By this time, a submission had already been drawn up for conferring the title of Hero on him, but after an investigation, his name was changed to Askar Kozhabergenov. Died in 1976.

Kozhabergenov (Kuzhebergenov) Askar (Aliaskar). He arrived in Panfilov's division in January 1942 (thus, he could not participate in the battle at Dubosekov). In the same month, he died during a raid by the Panfilov division on the German rear. Included in the submission for the title of Hero instead of Daniil Aleksandrovich Kozhabergenov, after it turned out that the latter was still alive. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 21, 1942, together with other Panfilovites, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Vasiliev, Illarion Romanovich. In the battle on November 16, he was seriously wounded and ended up in the hospital (according to various versions, he was either evacuated from the battlefield, or picked up by local residents after the battle and sent to the hospital, or crawled for three days and was picked up by Dovator's horsemen). After recovery, he was sent to the active army, to the rear unit. In 1943 he was demobilized from the army for health reasons. After the publication of the Decree on awarding him the title of Hero (posthumously), he announced his participation in the battle. After appropriate verification, without much publicity, he received the star of the Hero. He died in 1969 in Kemerovo.

Natarov, Ivan Moiseevich. According to Krivitsky's articles, he took part in the battle near Dubosekov, was seriously wounded, taken to the hospital and, dying, told Krivitsky about the feat of the Panfilovites. According to the political report of the military commissar of the 1075th Infantry Regiment Mukhamedyarov, stored in the TsAMO funds, he died two days before the battle - on November 14. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 21, 1942, together with other Panfilovites, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Timofeev, Dmitry Fomich. During the battle he was wounded and taken prisoner. In captivity, he managed to survive, after the end of the war he returned to his homeland. Claimed to receive the star of the Hero, after appropriate verification, he received it without much publicity shortly before his death in 1950.

Shemyakin, Grigory Melentievich. During the battle, he was wounded and ended up in the hospital (there is information that he was picked up by soldiers of the Dovator division). After the publication of the Decree on awarding him the title of Hero (posthumously), he announced his participation in the battle. After appropriate verification, without much publicity, he received the star of the Hero. He died in 1973 in Alma-Ata.

Shadrin, Ivan Demidovich. After the battle on November 16, he was captured in an unconscious state, according to his own statement. Until 1945 he was in a concentration camp, after his release he spent another 2 years in a Soviet filtration camp for former prisoners of war. In 1947 he returned home to the Altai Territory, where no one was waiting for him - he was considered dead, and his wife lived in his house with her new husband. For two years he was interrupted by odd jobs, until in 1949 the secretary of the district committee, who learned his story, wrote about him to the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After appropriate verification, without much publicity, he received the star of the Hero. Died in 1985.

Memory

Notes

M. M. Kozlov. The Great Patriotic War. 1941-1945. Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - S. 526.
Reference-report "On 28 Panfilovites". State archive of the Russian Federation. F.R - 8131 ch. Op. 37. D. 4041. Ll. 310-320. Published in the journal "New World", 1997, No. 6, p.148
"Adjusted for the myth" POISK - newspaper of the Russian scientific community
Ponomarev Anton. The Panfilov heroes who stopped the Germans on the outskirts of Moscow in 1941 are remembered in Russia, First channel(November 16, 2011). Retrieved November 16, 2012.
Gorohovsky A. The famous feat of twenty-eight Panfilov's men at the Dubosekovo junction was invented by the journalists of the Red Star and the party leadership of the Red Army // Facts: newspaper. - 11/17/2000.
In particular, the loss of 10 tanks on November 6, 1941 in the battles near Mtsensk made a strong negative impression on the command of the 4th Panzer Division and was especially noted in Guderian's memoirs - Kolomiets M. 1st Guards Tank Brigade in the battles for Moscow // Front illustration. - No. 4. - 2007.
"The Red Army soldier Natarov, being wounded, continued the battle and fought and fired from his rifle to the last breath and heroically died in battle." Political report of A. L. Mukhamedyarov dated November 14, 1941. Published: Zhuk Yu. A. Unknown pages of the battle for Moscow. Moscow battle. Facts and myths. - M.: AST, 2008.
Shamelessly ridiculed feat // Soviet Russia. - 1.9.2011.
Marshal Dmitry Yazov: “28 Panfilov heroes - fiction? And who then stopped the Germans? // TVNZ. - 15.9.2011.
Cardin V. Legends and facts. Years later // Questions of Literature. - No. 6, 2000.
Transcript of the program "The Price of Victory" 10/16/2006. Radio "Echo of Moscow". Author - Andrey Viktorovich Martynov, historian, Ph.D. (Retrieved November 16, 2012)
Isaev A. Five circles of hell. The Red Army in the "cauldrons". - M .: Yauza, Eksmo, 2008. - S. 327.
Fedoseev S. Infantry against tanks // Around the world: magazine. - April 2005. - No. 4 (2775).
Shirokorad A. B.. God of War of the Third Reich. - M.: 2003. - S. 38-39.
Alien Glory // Military History Journal. - 1990. - No. 8, 9.
See material in the program "Searchers" from March 19, 2008 [ clarify]
Dobrobabin, during the investigation on the issue of rehabilitation, stated: “I really served in the police, I understand that I committed a crime against the Motherland”; confirmed that, in fear of punishment, he voluntarily left the village of Perekop with the retreating Germans. He also claimed that he "did not have any real opportunities to go over to the side of the Soviet troops or join a partisan detachment", which was considered inappropriate to the circumstances of the case.
Dobrobabin Ivan Evstafievich Heroes of the Country. Patriotic Internet project "Heroes of the Country" (2000-2012).

“28 Panfilovites, two beers and a bucket of popcorn,” said the guy in front of me at the cinema box office. I indignantly imagined how he would slurp while watching a movie. However, the champing during the demonstration of the battle with the Nazis fell silent.
The film "Panfilov's 28" was directed by Andrei Shalopa and Kim Druzhinin. The film tells about the feat of 28 soldiers of the 316th Infantry Division, who perish in November 1941, fighting off a tank attack on Moscow. The picture begins with an epigraph: "The memory of the war is not only pain and sorrow!.. It is the memory of victory!"

Even today, December 3, on the Day of the Unknown Soldier, disputes do not subside: was the feat of the Panfilov heroes, was it not a literary fiction of the authors of the essay in the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper?

I had no intention of getting into a discussion about the exploits of 28 Panfilov heroes, but the film made such a strong impression on me that I could not help but write about it.
This film is a unique project of "people's cinema", filmed with donations from ordinary citizens, more precisely 35,086 (!) donors.

As a participant of the V St. Petersburg International Cultural Forum, I attended the lecture “History and Myths: Problems of Studying and Teaching Russian Military History”. And then on public lecture Kirill Razlogov "Cinema: what can be considered a monument?"
I was interested in the question, who should be trusted: historians and documents of the State Archives of Russia or journalists and writers? Is it permissible for an artist who creates a work on a historical theme to distort historical facts?

Personally, I liked the film "Panfilov's 28". Without unnecessary pathos, without pseudo-patriotic appeals, without ideological lies. The work of the cameraman, Nikita Rozhdestvensky, is especially good.
I would compare the film "Panfilov's 28" with the films "Hot Snow" and "The Dawns Here Are Quiet".

But even more than the film itself, I was impressed by the credits. I've never watched the end credits before. And then he stood for almost fifteen minutes until the screen went out. Firstly, it was nice to see the name of the city - Leningrad - as the birthplace of many filmmakers.
Secondly, all 35,086 donors were listed in the credits, at whose expense the motion picture was created.
I am ready to thank Minister of Culture Vladimir Medinsky for the financial support of the film, although we have differences in our views on history.

V. Medinsky believes that historical myths play important role in uniting the nation, and must be interpreted in terms of national interests.
I believe that it is not beautiful myths that unite the nation, but the truth of the fact, no matter how cruel it may be. TRUTH IS THE POWER OF UNITY!

Following Chaadaev, he could repeat: “I prefer to scourge my homeland, I prefer to upset her, I prefer to humiliate her, if only not to deceive her.”

Every time I want to write about outstanding people, I have no idea to defame a bright image, there is only a desire to get to the bottom of the truth. However, in the process of "digging" such facts are discovered that it becomes scary. It’s terrible to suddenly find out that everything you believed in was someone’s deliberate deception.

I do not doubt the heroism of our soldiers, but I am distrustful of people who create heroic myths and make a career out of it.

What is more important: the truth of the fact or the inflated myths of heroism?

For historical science facts are more important. And for ideology and patriotic education, myths and legends are needed.

Some believe that myths and legends are one and the same. But it's not.
A legend is a poetic tradition about some historical event. A myth is an unreliable story, a fiction not based on facts.
The story of 28 Panfilov's men is not a myth, it's a legend.

Now many are trying to "saddle" patriotism, using it for their own purposes.
For me personally, patriotism is love for the Fatherland, not for the state.
In the film "28 Panfilov's Men" I liked the phrase: Motherland is where you live, and Fatherland is HOW you live.

I would give the film 8 out of 10. The film is well made. The picture is impressive. They didn't overdo it with computer graphics. It's nice that there were no "stars" on the screen.

Created on public donations, the film "28 Panfilov" turned out to be much better than "The White Tiger" by Karen Shakhnazarov and "Stalingrad" by Fyodor Bondarchuk.
They say that the audience who watched the film "Panfilov's 28" called Fyodor Bondarchuk and thanked him:
- Thank you, Fedor, for "28 Panfilov".
- Yes, not at all, because it was not me who made this film.
- Thank you for that!

The budget of the film "28 Panfilov" is only 1 million 700 thousand dollars (35 million rubles came from voluntary donations of 35,086 people).
For comparison, the budget of Nikita Mikhalkov's film "Burnt by the Sun - 2. Anticipation" is 33 million euros, "The Citadel" is 45 million dollars.
This once again proves that in art the main thing is not money, but inspiration!

Andrei Fokin, a resident of Severodvinsk, who donated 1 million rubles to the project, said: “I would not call it charity. This is the hope that there will be more stories about exploits and self-sacrifice than "penal battalions", "bastards" and other slag like the films "Burnt by the Sun - 2"

The film's director Andrei Shalopa says his film should be seen as a complex work of fiction based on real events.
Minister of Culture Vladimir Medinsky adds: “We always think that the viewer needs something new: was there an unconventional relationship between 28 men, confusion. But in fact, such projects speak of a healthy society.”

Meanwhile, some historians insist that the events referred to in the picture did not occur in reality.
To this, the chairman of the Military Historical Society, Doctor of Historical Sciences and Minister of Culture, Medinsky replies:
“My deepest conviction is that even if this story were invented from beginning to end, even if there was no Panfilov, even if there was nothing, this is a holy legend that simply cannot be touched. And the people who do this are scum."

According to Minister Medinsky, the very discussion of whether the Panfilov story is fiction or not is blasphemous. “To question their feat, to look for something under a magnifying glass, to count - 28 or 38 (Panfilov’s) is to act exactly the same as this policeman did (...) May he burn in hell! How will those who question, dig and try to refute the feat of our ancestors burn?

The speeches of our Minister of Culture are a strong cocktail mixed with patriotism and pathos. Listening to Medinsky, one involuntarily recalls the words of Emperor Nero: “What an artist is dying!”

I risk being ranked by the Minister of Culture in the category of “scum”, and, according to Medinsky, “burn in hell” for me, but I will say: NO ONE WANTED TO DIE! (there was another movie with the same name).

They died not for the sake of heroism, but because it was impossible otherwise. By the way, the heroes of the film "28 Panfilov's Men" also talk about this:
“Today you don’t need to die for your homeland, today you need to live for your homeland.
We must die, we must die.
- You will die, and who will fight for you? ... Nobody is heroic. Because for nothing. Calmly burn tanks.

I propose to make a free cultural trip to watch the film "28 Panfilov" to all schoolchildren. Whatever happened, like in Mikhail Segal’s film “Stories”, where a twenty-year-old girl said: “I know, I know that German tanks reached IKEA ...”

I want to be honest about this issue. However, I do not claim to be the ultimate truth. I am a person who is not interested, and therefore I can speak the truth. The truth is your honest view of the truth. Therefore, everyone has their own truth. Everyone sees facts or events from their own point of view and understands in their own way.

Every citizen must know the history of his country. Personally, in my school, the subject of “history” has always been “excellent”.
But I don't just like digging into history. For me, this is a deeply personal issue. My grandfather went to the front in the first month of the war. His unit fought out of the encirclement. Then, near Stalingrad, my grandfather built crossings across the Volga. During a raid by enemy aircraft, he died. The body was never found. Probably carried away with the current. But I want to believe that my grandfather died as a hero. My grandmother received a pension for four children.

I am sure that many of the heroic deeds of our soldiers, who defended the country during the Great Patriotic War, remained unnoticed and not described.
I do not doubt the feat of the soldiers, but I have doubts about the conscientiousness and honesty of some journalists who intentionally or unintentionally distort the facts, presenting them in the right perspective for politicians.
Therefore, it is necessary to discuss not the dead soldiers, but journalists who, “on the instructions of the editors” or on behalf of the editor-in-chief, created myths and fables.

I remember how at school we were told about the feat of 28 Panfilov heroes, cited as an example Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Matrosov, Pavlik Morozov, Nikolai Gastello, Alexei Maresyev, the heroes of the Young Guard and others.
Therefore, I was shocked when, at the beginning of the century, documentaries began to be shown on television, in which it was proved that there was no feat of the Panfilovites, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was simply an arsonist of peasant houses, Alexander Matrosov did not close the embrasure with his chest, and in general his last name is different ...

In 2015, the Rossiya TV channel reported that the famous feat of the Panfilovites was entirely an invention of Soviet journalists, which was confirmed in the State Archives of Russia. The document was declassified, the author of which is Nikolai Afanasiev, Chief Military Prosecutor of the USSR. Back in 1948, he reported to Andrei Zhdanov that the story of the heroism of 28 soldiers of the division under the command of Major General Ivan Panfilov was invented.

Now the situation has changed, and journalists are proving the exact opposite. It is rightly said: "journalism is the second oldest profession, or rather, the prostitution of the mind."

I do not confirm or deny the feat of the Panfilovites - because I was not in the trench near Dubosekovo. But I want to understand who to believe: journalists or the director of the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the chief military prosecutor of the USSR, Lieutenant General Afanasyev, who prepared a certificate to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on May 10, 1948?
For deception of the first persons of the state in Stalin's times they were shot!

On June 22, 2015, the director of the State Archives of the Russian Federation, Sergei Mironenko (who had not yet switched to “scientific work”) spoke at the World Congress of the Russian Press with the message that the story of the feat of 28 Panfilov’s men was a fake. Later, he argued his words by the publication of one archival document - a certificate submitted by the Military Prosecutor's Office Comrade. Zhdanov in 1948.

According to Sergei Mironenko, "there were no 28 Panfilov heroes - this is one of the myths planted by the state." At the same time, the very fact of heavy defensive battles of the 316th Infantry Division against the 2nd and 11th German Panzer Divisions in the Volokolamsk direction on November 16, 1941, and the heroism shown by the fighters of the division, was not disputed.

Even some German newspapers at the beginning of the war wrote: “The Russian soldier surpasses our enemy in the West with his contempt for death. Endurance and fatalism make him hold on until he is killed in the trench and falls dead in hand-to-hand combat.

For the first time, front-line correspondent G. Ivanov wrote about the feat of the fighters of the 316th Infantry Division under the command of Major General Panfilov, who participated in the defense of Moscow in 1941, on November 19, 1941 in the Izvestia newspaper. The note said that one of the companies of the division commander Panfilov repulsed the attack of 60 German tanks, knocked out 9 and set fire to 3.

However, neither the commander of the 2nd battalion (which included the 4th company), Major Reshetnikov, nor the commander of the 1075th regiment, Colonel Kaprov, nor the commander of the 316th division, Major General Panfilov, nor the commander of the 16th 1st Army Lieutenant General Rokossovsky.

A week later, on November 27, Vasily Koroteev, a correspondent for the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, wrote about the same battle and indicated that 18 tanks and 800 soldiers and officers were destroyed as a result of the battle. In total, Panfilov's division destroyed about 70 enemy tanks and over 4,000 soldiers and officers.
Koroteev was told about the battle of one company with German tanks by the commissar of the Panfilov division Yegorov. The commissar recommended that he familiarize himself with the political report from the regiment. The political report spoke of the battle of the fifth company with enemy tanks. The report did not mention the number of company soldiers who died in this battle, and did not mention their names.
This political report has not yet been found.

Where did the number "28" come from?

Koroteev testified during interrogation: “Upon arrival in Moscow, I reported the situation to the editor of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper ORTENBERG, told about the battle of the company with enemy tanks. ORTENBERG asked me how many people were in the company. I answered him that the composition of the company, apparently, was incomplete, about 30-40 people; I also said that two of these people turned out to be traitors ... Thus, the number of 28 people who fought appeared, since out of 30 two turned out to be traitors. (reference-report p.8)

On November 28, 1941, the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper published a large editorial “Testament of 28 Fallen Heroes”, written by the literary secretary of the editorial office Alexander Yuryevich Krivitsky (real name Zinovy Yulisovich Krivitsky).

It was Krivitsky who came up with the well-known phrase “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat. Behind Moscow ”and put it into the mouth of political instructor V.G. Klochkov.
On January 22, 1942, an essay by Krivitsky “On 28 Fallen Heroes” appeared on the pages of the newspaper, where for the first time all of them were listed by name. As stated in the essay, 28 Panfilov died, destroying 18 enemy tanks during a four-hour battle.

The commander of the German units advancing on Dubosekovo reported at 15:30 Moscow time that the first group of attackers met fierce resistance from the Soviet troops. But he did not report anything about the loss of 18 tanks (which is impossible by the standards of German punctuality!)

According to Krivitsky's article, 28 soldiers of the 4th company destroyed 18 enemy tanks and all died. However, according to the testimony of the commander of the 1075th regiment Kaprov, the 4th company was fully staffed (120-140 people). 20-25 people survived after the battle. In total, the entire 1075th Infantry Regiment destroyed 15 or 16 enemy tanks that day.

It is not clear how Koroteev and Krivitsky learned a large number of details of this battle. The information that the information was received in the hospital from the mortally wounded participant in the battle, I.M. Natarov, is doubtful, since, according to the documents, Natarov died two days before the battle, on November 14.

I understand: an example of fearlessness and heroism was needed to follow. After all, who does not believe in victory, he is unlikely to win.
But who to trust: journalists or military historians?

By the way A. Krivitsky acted, we can conclude that journalists cannot be trusted. Later, Krivitsky admitted to the investigators of the military prosecutor's office that he had not met with the Panfilovites, and that he had come up with the article on the instructions of the editors.

Academician Georgy Kumanev met with all the surviving Panfilovites and talked with Krivitsky. The latter confessed that he had signed a statement that he had made up the whole story because he had been intimidated by deportation to Kolyma.

Alexander Krivitsky, apparently, was offered a choice: either confess that he composed this story, or be responsible for the deliberate deception of the party and government, as well as the entire Soviet people.

When did Krivitsky tell the truth, and when did he tell lies?

I served as a cryptographer on a submarine of the Northern Fleet, by the nature of my service I had the first degree of clearance - to top secret documents - and I understand the full degree of responsibility.
Preparing this article, I watched the documentary film “Panfilovites. Legend and reality. The film tells how the editor-in-chief of the Krasnaya Zvezda, David Iosifovich Ortenberg, summoned the literary secretary of the newspaper Alexander Krivitsky and instructed him to write beautifully about the feat of 28 Panfilovites. Krivitsky fulfilled the editor's instructions and on November 28 in the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper his article "Testament of 28 Fallen Heroes" appeared on the front page.
There was no will, of course, it was just a figure of speech.

The article was liked by the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Mikhail Kalinin. He asked to establish the names of the heroes. Krivitsky had no choice but to go to the front and look for evidence that he had not invented the feat of the Panfilov heroes. It was not easy to establish the names of the soldiers, if only because the soldiers did not have Red Army books. After a meeting with the commander of the 4th company, Captain Gundilovich, Krivitsky received a list of 28 fighters. During interrogation, Krivitsky admitted: "I did not talk to any of the wounded or surviving guardsmen." (reference-report p.9).

"Red Star" was published with a circulation of only 300,000 copies. But the essay about the Panfilovites was read by the entire army - it was published as a separate brochure in 5 million copies.

In April 1942, after it became known from newspapers in all military units about the feat of 28 guardsmen from the division of I.V. Panfilov, at the initiative of the command Western Front a petition was filed with the People's Commissar of Defense to award them all the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 21, 1942, all 28 guardsmen listed in Krivitsky's essay were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Later it turned out that not all Panfilov's men died. Two remained alive: Shemyakin Grigory Alexandrovich and Vasiliev Illarion Romanovich - they studied at the courses of junior commanders.
Two more Panfilovites tried to surrender (one was shot by his comrades), and three were taken prisoner.

In 2015, in connection with numerous appeals from citizens, institutions and organizations, a certificate-report of the chief military prosecutor N. Afanasyev “On 28 Panfilov’s men” dated May 10, 1948 was posted on the website of the State Archives of Russia, based on the results of an investigation by the Main Military Prosecutor’s Office, stored in the fund of the Prosecutor’s Office USSR (GA RF. F. R-8131).

The reference report says:
“The former commander of the 1075 rifle regiment KAPROV Ilya Vasilyevich, interrogated about the circumstances of the battle of 28 guardsmen from the Panfilov division at the Dubosekovo junction and the circumstances of their presentation for the award, testified: “... There was no battle between 28 Panfilov’s men and German tanks at the Dubosekovo junction on November 16, 1941 “It’s a complete fabrication.” (reference-report p.10).

Thus, the materials of the investigation established that the feat of 28 Panfilov heroes, covered in the press, is a fiction of the correspondent KOROTEEV, the editor of Krasnaya Zvezda ORTENBERG and, in particular, the literary secretary of the newspaper KRIVITSKY. Chief Military Prosecutor of the USSR Armed Forces Lieutenant-General of Justice N. Afanasyev May 10, 1948. (reference-report p.11).

The secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, A.A. Zhdanov, having read the certificate-report, came to the conclusion that the whole thing was sewn with white thread. He decided not to go ahead with the case, because in any case it would cause a scandal. The names of 28 Panfilovites were assigned to many schools, enterprises and collective farms of the Soviet Union; the memory of 28 Panfilovites is immortalized by the installation of memorials.

A.A. Zhdanov prudently decided not to debunk the myth and give no reason to doubt the heroic deed of the entire Soviet people. Therefore, he sent all the documents under the heading "top secret" to the special storage of the state archive.

During the years of perestroika, the archives were opened for some time. And now it's closed again. Because, there, they say, you can find something that many people simply can not stand the whole truth.

In 1988, the official version of the feat was again studied by the Chief Military Prosecutor's Office of the USSR and recognized as fiction. The chief military prosecutor, Lieutenant-General of Justice Alexander Katusev, in the article “Alien Glory” in the Military Historical Journal, concluded that “the mass feat of the entire company, the entire regiment, the entire division was downplayed by the irresponsibility of not entirely conscientious journalists to the scale of a mythical platoon.”

In 1997, the Novy Mir magazine published an article "New about Soviet heroes" by Nikolai Petrov and Olga Edelman. The article stated that as early as May 10, 1948, the official version of the feat was studied by the Chief Military Prosecutor's Office of the USSR and recognized as a literary fiction.

It is believed that the investigation of the military prosecutor's office was directed against Marshal Zhukov, who then fell into disgrace, who actively supported the awarding of the Panfilovites. Although it could hardly be a serious compromising evidence on the marshal.

What to believe: the documents of the state archive of the Russian Federation or the publications of journalists?

In 1948, the Main Military Prosecutor's Office established that three more participants in the battle near Dubosekovo were still alive: Heroes of the Soviet Union Daniil Kuzhebergenov, Ivan Shadrin and Sergeant Ivan Dobrobabin. But they were all prisoners. According to the charter, the Red Army soldier was not supposed to surrender, and the one who surrendered was considered a traitor.

Back in November 1947, the prosecutor's office of the Kharkov garrison arrested Ivan Dobrobabin for collaborating with the Germans (he serves as a policeman). During a search, a book about 28 Panfilov heroes was found in his possession, where it was written that Dobrobabin was one of these dead Panfilov heroes, a Hero of the Soviet Union.

In 1989, Ivan Dobrobabin claimed that he personally set fire to four tanks. According to him, he was taken prisoner half alive. He escaped from the POW camp and in 1942 reached his native village of Perekop in the Kharkov region through the German rear. There he got a job serving the German occupation authorities in the headman (according to him, forcedly).

“The interrogation of DOBROBABIN established that he really was in the Dubosekovo area (there he surrendered to the Germans), but did not perform any feats and everything that is written about him in the book about the heroes of Panfilov does not correspond to reality.” (reference p.1).

Red Army soldier KUZHEBERGENOV Daniil Alexandrovich raised his hands and surrendered. “At the request of the commander of the 1075th regiment, Colonel KAPROV, instead of Daniil KUZHEBERGENOV, Askar KUZHEBERGENOV, who allegedly died in a battle with German tanks near Dubossekov, was included in the Decree on rewarding. However, Askar does not appear in the lists of the 4th company of KUZHEBERGENOV, and, thus, could not be among the "28" Panfilovites. (reference p.3).

Can a person be blamed for wanting to survive?

Some believe that if life is given only once, then any betrayal can be committed in order to save one's life.
If life is given only once and immortality does not exist, is it worth sacrificing your life for the sake of something?
Does any idea deserve to give life for its sake?
What is more important: life or idea?

According to Darwin, any kind of ideology is simply a deception of some for the sake of the prosperity of others.

What is more precious: your only life or love for the Motherland?
During the war years, they died with the words "For the Motherland!" And where is this homeland of the USSR now?
In Ukraine, Bandera is now a hero of the nation, as are SS legionnaires in Latvia.

Nobody wanted to die. Heroism was often forced: either surrender or die. One veteran told me how he fought near Moscow: “either the chest is in crosses, or the head is in the bushes,” but more “the head is in the bushes.”

I will not undertake to either affirm or deny the feat of 28 Panfilov's men. Let historians do it. But the fact that the enemy did not take Moscow, this fact speaks in favor of the heroes. If they weren't there, Hitler would have taken Moscow.

Arguing about whether there was a feat or not is the same as arguing who exactly the memorial to the “unknown soldier” was erected near the Kremlin wall.
The feat of "28 Panfilov" is a collective legend about the feat of all Soviet soldiers: Russians, Kyrgyz, Kazakhs, Belarusians, Ukrainians ...
The feat of Alexander Matrosov (who closed the embrasure of the pillbox with his chest) was performed by more than 400 people; more than fifty - to Matrosov; one even survived.
"28 Panfilov" became a symbol of heroism, like the Brest Fortress and like besieged Leningrad.

They say the history of war is written four times. The first two stories are created by the propaganda organs of the parties in the course of hostilities. The third story consists of memoirs. The fourth story is written by historians.

The consciousness of people is mythological. Not many people can bear the bitter truth about life. And therefore it is dangerous to deprive people of the myths they live with. long time ago.
All our life we are in captivity of myths. They distort the truth without even wanting to.

What motivates you to create myths?

“When a beautiful and understandable myth is offered to society, censorship as such becomes unnecessary. But the state should not be a lawyer" folk heroes", nor a prosecutor for scientists whose task is to search for the truth," says historian Kirill Leonov.

In October 2016, the Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation Vladimir Medinsky compared the Panfilovites with the Spartans: "Their feat is symbolic and is in the same series of feats as 300 Spartans."

I first learned about the feat of the Spartans at the age of twelve, when I watched the American film "300 Spartans" directed by Rudolf Mate. Then all the boys were inspired by this film, the phrase "with a shield or on a shield" became winged for us.

A few years ago, I specially went to Greece to visit the site of the battle between the Spartans and the Persians in the Thermopylae Gorge and understand the history of the feat.

When, as a result of betrayal, the Greeks were surrounded, most of the units from the united Greek army went to their hometowns. Only 300 Spartans of King Leonidas, 700 Thespians and 400 Thebans remained to cover the retreat. The Thebans surrendered to the mercy of Xerxes. Only the Spartans and Thespians remained to defend the retreat.

Was there a feat? - For the military, this issue has long been resolved: in order to cover the withdrawal of the main forces, you need to sacrifice part, leaving the rearguard to save the retreating.

Xerxes invited Leonidas to surrender. To which King Leonidas replied succinctly: “Come and take it!”
All Spartans died. In total, in the battle of Thermopylae, according to the historian Herodotus, up to 20 thousand Persians and 4 thousand Greeks fell.
The remains of King Leonidas were reburied in Sparta 40 years after his death.

The death of a detachment under the command of King Leonidas in September 480 BC. e. became a legend. Although another similar detachment of 300 Spartans was also completely destroyed in the 3rd Messenian War (mid-5th century BC), few people know about this.

As you know, historical myths are ordered by politicians. The feat of 300 Spartans was forgotten for a long time until Napoleon revived this story in the 19th century to inspire his soldiers.
Mussolini also made attempts to exploit history for the sake of his political goals, putting the history of ancient Rome at the service of his fascist regime.
Any ruler rapes history, turning well-known mythologemes into the ideologemes he needs.

The concept of "myth" is of ancient Greek origin and can be translated as "word", "story". Myth is the most ancient form of transmission of knowledge. It cannot be taken literally, only allegorically - as encrypted knowledge hidden in symbols.

Doctor of Historical Sciences M.F. Albedil in the book “In the magic circle of myths” writes: “Myths were not treated as fiction or fantastic nonsense.”
Ancient myths and today's are not the same thing. ancient myth is a sacred message filled with metaphysical depth, in which knowledge about the world and its laws is encrypted (in modern terms, this is a metanarrative).

A well-known connoisseur of ancient mythology, Academician A.F. Losev, in his monograph “Dialectics of Myth”, admitted that myth is not an invention, but an extremely practical and essential category of consciousness and being. Only myth gives an answer about the meaning of human life in terms of history and metaphysical terms.

Many read myths and legends ancient greece. But what is their meaning?

The myth of the Cretan "monster" minotaur was created by the Greeks, dissatisfied with the tribute paid to the king of Crete. On the mainland, young Greek dancers were recruited for the ritual worship of Poseidon in the form of a bull. And all so that the Greeks brought the culture of Crete to the mainland of Greece. It's proven historical fact!
When I visited Crete, I visited the Palace of Knossos (Minotaur). The area of the palace is 25 hectares. The palace had 1100 rooms. For this, he was nicknamed in antiquity "the labyrinth."

The life of Jesus Christ has also been turned into a myth. Having visited Israel in the places where Jesus of Nazareth was born, lived and preached, I was convinced that someone is making good money on this myth.

The myth of an armed uprising and the capture of the Winter Palace was created in 1927 in the film "October" by Sergei Eisenstein. Eisenstein's masterpiece "Battleship Potemkin" is also a myth. There were no worms in the meat, there was a well-prepared rebellion. And the execution on the stairs is the same invention of a brilliant director, like a commemorative stroller with a child.

The leading expert in the field of cinema, Doctor of Arts, Professor Kirill Emilievich Razlogov believes that the era of post-truth is coming: when the truth of the fact is replaced by a legend.

Director Karen Shakhnazarov believes that the meaning of cinema is to create myths. Why was Soviet cinema capable of this? Because the country had an ideology. Cinema without ideology cannot produce myths. No ideology - no idea - you can't create anything. To destroy one myth, you need to create another.

Doctor of Philosophy N.A. Bulavka believes that no state propaganda machine can create a myth that will dominate the consciousness of the masses. “When an idea turns into an ideology, it becomes official dogmatism. And it becomes a force when it grows in the consciousness of the masses.

“History is a collection of myths! A complete hoax! She reminds me of a broken phone. We know only what has been rewritten repeatedly by others, and which can only be trusted. But why should I believe? What if they are wrong? Maybe things were different. We are looking for meaning in history, based on the facts known to us, but the emergence of new facts makes us take a fresh look at the pattern of the historical process. And what about the lies of historians, demagogy, disinformation?.. And these endless rewriting of history to please the rulers?.. It is already difficult to understand where is the truth and where is the lie. But the main thing is motives, motives! And history does not know them! ... Ultimately, victory belongs to those in whom the thirst for justice is stronger than the fear of death!
(from my true-life novel "The Wanderer" (mystery) on the site New Russian Literature

Today December 3rd is the Day of the Unknown Soldier!
Whether you agree with me or not, in any case, the film "Panfilov's 28" is worth watching. This is a people's film, filmed with people's money, about the feat of our people, for the memory of our people, about the invincibility of our people!

The main thing can be formulated in three main theses:
1\ The purpose of life is to learn to love, to love no matter what.
2\ Meaning is everywhere
3\ Love creates necessity.

And for you personally, BITTER TRUTH OR SWEET MYTH is more important?

The All-Russian State (!) Television and Radio Broadcasting Company, with joy, as if having found a purse lost by a pensioner, announced the next exposure of Soviet myths. This time it turned out that the feat of 28 Panfilov heroes was invented by Soviet journalists. The news was immediately picked up, smashed all over the Internet and began to discuss with relish. In general, some guys have another holiday today.

And the thing is that the State Archives of Russia published a certificate-report on the feat of 28 Panfilov heroes. The report was prepared by the Chief Military Prosecutor of the USSR Armed Forces, Lieutenant-General of Justice N. Afanasyev, on May 10, 1948. Why it was necessary to publish this report right now remains to be seen. In the meantime, let's just be curious about what is contained in the report and why such a certificate was needed at all.

It turns out that it all started with the fact that in 1947 a certain I.E. was arrested for treason. Dobrobabin. It turned out that Mr. Dobrobabin participated in the battles in the Dubosekovo region, for which he was awarded the star of the Hero of the Soviet Union and where he surrendered to the Germans.

Further, it turned out that in addition to Dobrobabin, out of the 28 dead Panfilov heroes, several more people remained alive, in connection with which it was decided to organize an investigation into the circumstances of that famous battle. As a result of the check, it turned out that for the first time about the battle of the guardsmen of the division. Panfilov was reported in the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper dated November 27, 1941. At the same time, an article by journalist Koroteev said that all the Panfilov soldiers who participated in the battle died and that eighteen out of fifty-four German tanks were destroyed. The next day, that is, November 28, an editorial by the literary secretary of the newspaper Krivitsky appeared in Krasnaya Zvezda under the title "Testament of 28 Fallen Heroes." Krivitsky wrote that there were twenty-nine fighters, but one of them surrendered and was shot dead by his comrades. The remaining twenty-eight "died, but did not let the enemy through." Later, already in January 1942, Krivitsky again returned to this topic, and Krasnaya Zvezda spoke in detail about the battle, about the experiences of the fighters, named at the same time by name. And in July 1942, all of the listed fighters were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Further, the reference-report states that all works of art dedicated to 28 Panfilov heroes are based on the articles of Krasnaya Zvezda. Secrets, by the way, from this no one did. So, N. Tikhonov, the author of the poem "The Tale of 28 Guardsmen", reported that he based himself solely on Krivitsky's article and that he had no other materials.

But what actually happened near Dubosekovo? Was there a feat? Or, perhaps, the Germans did not look at Moscow through binoculars, and the Soviet soldier did not defend his capital, and somehow, unnoticed by everyone, Moscow was handed over to Hitler?

In 1942, the Main Political Directorate of the Red Army conducted its own verification of the circumstances of that battle, and this is what was established. The 4th company of the 1075th Infantry Regiment occupied the defense of Nelidovo - Dubosekovo - Petelino. As a result of the battles with the advancing enemy, the regiment suffered heavy losses and withdrew to a new defensive line. “The legend of 28 heroes who fought heroically and died began with an article by O. Ognev (“Kazakhstanskaya Pravda” dated 2.4.42.), And then articles by Krivitsky and others.”

As you can see, everyone is mistaken, even Glavpurkka: Krivitsky's article appeared much earlier than Ognev's article.

Local residents were also interviewed, showing that the battle of the Panfilov division near the village of Nelidovo and the Dubosekovo junction took place, the Germans were repulsed as a result of this battle, and political instructor Klochkov really died in this battle.

Koroteev, who first wrote about 28 heroes, said that the commissar of the Panfilov division Yegorov told him about the heroic battles near Moscow, in particular, about the battle of one company with German tanks. The commissioner recommended that he read the political report and write about this battle. “The report said about the battle of the fifth company with enemy tanks”, that the company stood to the death, and that two people surrendered. But neither the names of the fighters, nor their number were called. When the publication in the newspaper was being prepared, the journalists decided to proceed from the fact that at that time there were thirty or forty people in the company, minus two traitors. This is how 28 Panfilov heroes appeared.

As for the military themselves and the command of the 1075 Infantry Regiment, the regiment commander I.V. Kaprov showed literally the following: “There was no battle between 28 Panfilov’s men and German tanks at the Dubosekovo junction on November 16, 1941 - this is a complete fiction.” And further: “... On this day, at the Dubosekovo junction, the 4th company fought as part of the 2nd battalion and really fought heroically. More than 100 people died from the company, and not 28, as they wrote about it in the newspapers ... "

What happens? Was there a Panfilov division? Was. Did you take the fight at the Dubosekovo junction? Accepted. Repulsed the Germans? Repulsed. Is this a feat or ... so-so? Perhaps that is still a feat. So what is the lie? It turns out that the figure is 28. But, sorry, the state TV channel said: "the famous feat of the Panfilovites completely fiction of Soviet journalists, confirmed in the State Archives of Russia. The document was declassified, the author of which is Nikolai Afanasiev, Chief Military Prosecutor of the USSR. Back in 1948, he reported to Andrei Zhdanov that the story of the heroism of 28 fighters of the division under the command of Major General Ivan Panfilov was invented. Entirely and completely - this means that there was no division, no feat. However, nothing similar appears in the published documents. It follows from the documents that there were not 28 heroes, but much more. Everything else could not be denied. It turns out that the number of heroes has grown, and the feat turned out to be fiction? That is, a feat is counted only if the number of heroes is equal to twenty-eight?

No. It's just that this is not a feat of the Panfilovites - the fiction of Soviet journalists, but the exposure of the feat of the Panfilovites - "entirely and completely" the fiction of Russian journalists, or rather, the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company. In other words, in the year of the seventieth anniversary of the Victory, the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company took on the role of a falsifier and slanderer. And if even more narrowly, then the state, which talks so much about the inadmissibility of revising history and especially the history of the Great Patriotic War, should beat itself on the back of the head. Because this state itself promotes both revision with falsification and slander with false revelations. How exactly it contributes is another question - negligence, political myopia, the recruitment of narrow-minded employees, whether with malicious intent, but one way or another, the state itself has now acted as a falsifier of its own history, while taking on the functions of self-destruction.

Of course, any people and any state have their own myths. The myth forms the attitude of a person to the world around him, explains this world and gives it meaning. At the same time, a myth is not necessarily a fiction. Myth researcher, philosopher A.M. Piatigorsky defined a myth as a story about an "extraordinary" person with "extraordinary behavior". A myth is never created on purpose, it is always close to a person. Everything that a person surrounds himself with is a myth, since all things are always loaded with meaning.

The feat of the Panfilovites is also a myth, because this is the story of extraordinary people and extraordinary behavior. But this does not mean that there was no feat, that it is an invention. This feat illustrates the heroism of the people and the attitude of people towards the war and the enemy. And it does not matter whether or not Klochkov spoke his famous words. The words of Klochkov-Krivitsky in any case explain the actions of those who died under enemy tanks.

The essence of what happened seventy years ago is not who said what, whether the fourth or fifth company fought, and where how many people there were - twenty-eight or thirty-five. And if not twenty-eight Soviet soldiers died at the Dubosekovo junction, but six or one hundred and fifty-three, this will change absolutely nothing and will not affect anything. "28" has become a symbol. Like the Brest Fortress, like the Black Sea sailors. These symbols denote steadfastness and fidelity to duty; behind them are people who die but do not give up. To challenge these symbols is not only blasphemous, but also as ridiculous as trying to find out: is it true that “only three of us out of eighteen guys remained” and “only seven young soldiers remained alive”? Did Seryozhka live on Malaya Bronnaya, and did Vitka live on Mokhovaya?

Well, from now on, let's not say "28 Panfilov heroes", but "128 Panfilov heroes". Will it make it easier for us? Will we stop feeling deceived by the totalitarian regime?

During military operations, during any chaos, confusion and confusion are quite natural. Sometimes it is difficult to get accurate data and then you have to be content with approximate ones. The journalist Koroteev and the editor of Krasnaya Zvezda, Major General Ortenberg, settled on twenty-eight fighters. So what?

There is no doubt that there was a feat, and no one could refute it. Even if Soviet journalists imposed a pink bow on this feat, even if they named an inaccurate number of those who fought and died, the essence of what was happening was in no way shaken. And to assert on this basis that "the famous feat of the Panfilovites is entirely and completely a fiction of Soviet journalists" means simply to sign either in unsuitability, or in bias. Or maybe both at the same time.

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Comments 22

Comments

22. Lebyadkin : Re: So was it a feat?..
2015-07-25 at 10:56

Yogi to personally testify to what happened to me. The Panfilov division - was, and part of it accepted the battle, because the division either did not receive the order to retreat to previously prepared positions in a timely manner, or did not "want to retreat." This has been known to me since the 80s of the last century from the then still living participant in the defense of Moscow.
That is - I repeat - there was such a division, and part of it fought near Dubosekovo. It is truth. The rest - in details - is unknown to me.

21. Vladimir Petrovich : Re: So was it a feat?..
2015-07-24 at 14:37

What is the true goal of those who, under the guise of establishing the truth, debunk the epics about the exploits of our soldiers. It was not by chance that I designated them as epics, because in each such event it is quite logical that there may be inaccuracies and this does not at all undermine the credibility of the primary information. The war reporter was impressed by the events in which a handful of people stopped a powerful motorized fist aimed at Moscow. How much could he find out then, in the conditions of ongoing combat interaction? What kind of accuracy can we talk about? Why take someone at their word? We all know the feat was, even if not twenty-eight (even more or less), let it be skillfully or not, but these people stopped the fascist machine near Moscow. Honor and praise to them. And to delve into the bodies and destinies of people in order to convict inaccuracies is a dirty and unworthy business. So that's all about who and why it is necessary. This is necessary for liberals serving foreign interests, they need this in order to lower the possible self-esteem of the Russians. To make them doubt and lose faith in the greatness of the victories and accomplishments that our grandfathers made. This is done consistently and steadily. It is done from high scholarly rostrums. And now, only a sour grin is awarded to those who recall the battle on the ice, the Holy Prince is positioned as a bandit and a racketeer. This is really happening in our science because we don't look at who we trust. To whom we entrust our memory and our history, one cannot be ingenuous in this matter.

20. Oleg Moskovsky : Russian Stalinist, 17
2015-07-24 at 09:05

// And everything else is one continuous squalor and miserable parodies of US blockbusters like the opus "Alexander. Battle of the Neva" (compare with Soviet film the brilliant Eisenstein of 1938 with the epic Cherkasov in the title role and the brilliant music of Prokofiev).//

Absolutely agree. For example, Sergei Prokofiev's cantata "Alexander Nevsky" has entered the modern repertoire of the world's most famous symphony orchestras! Moreover, performed by the Italian symphony orchestra, it is accompanied by footage from this great film with subtitles. And how many such masterpieces did the Stalin era in art give us? And don't count. What now? Complete creative impotence of modern "cultural figures". Moreover, it was Stalin who turned art towards the people, made it patriotic in content, mercilessly got rid of the liberal Jewish spirit and anti-Russian orientation characteristic of the Leninist stage. And what do we see on the screens now? The same liberal Jewish spirit and Russophobia. What is the era, such is the art.

19. Alyosha :
2015-07-24 at 04:22

If we take the post-Soviet era, then not a single worthwhile historical film was shot, except for Yermak, which was shot by Soviet directors Krasnopolsky and Uskov, and in which Soviet actors played the main roles. One film in 25 years is strong!

"28 Panfilov" - will be the second. And so far, that's about it. A film about Evpatiy Kolovrat - an essay. comics a la Hollywood. With Peresvet, apparently everything died out for neither hearing nor spirit.

18. Korotkov A.V. : Reply to 17., Russian Stalinist:
2015-07-23 at 23:02

compare with the Soviet film of the brilliant Eisenstein of 1938 with the epic Cherkasov in the title role and the brilliant music of Prokofiev).

By the way, there was news that it was restored (finally!), and will be shown at the Venice Film Festival.

I hope they will release the result on the media. And it would be nice if it was not spoiled (with original titles and soundtrack) version.

17. Russian Stalinist : Answer to 16., Tulyak:
2015-07-23 at 20:50

Absolutely right.
From the beginning of the 30s, the Soviet Power (i.e. Stalin personally) took a firm course towards the revival of Russian History, which you rightly wrote about, citing a lot concrete examples from all spheres of art and culture. It is impossible to deny such facts, only to chatter.
If we take the post-Soviet era, then not a single worthwhile historical film was shot, except for Yermak, which was shot by Soviet directors Krasnopolsky and Uskov, and in which Soviet actors played the main roles. One movie in 25 years is a lot!
And everything else is one continuous squalor and pathetic parodies of US blockbusters like the opus "Alexander. The Battle of Neva" (compare with the Soviet film of the brilliant Eisenstein of 1938 with the epic Cherkasov in the title role and the brilliant music of Prokofiev).

16. Tulyak : Answer to 11., Sergey Vladimirovich:
2015-07-23 at 19:49

The trouble is that we will learn about many of the exploits of our ancestors only now. They did not teach this at school, although our school was much better than the current one.

Here I strongly disagree with you! And at school they taught this and there are films about A. Nevsky and about Suvorov and about Ushakov and about Nakhimov and about Minin and Pozharsky and about Peter the Great and about Ivan the Terrible and about Mikhail Lomonosov and about Yaroslav the Wise and about Vs Rudnev and the cruiser " Varyag" and about Emelyan Pugachev and about Andreev, the creator of the Russian Ensemble of the Russian Balalaika and about Pyatnitsky with his world-famous Russian Folk Choir and many others and other historical figures BEFORE the Soviet era! And about the Second World War, there are simply no counting films! And how many films, poems, songs were composed about a simple Man of Labor! You will not find ANY profession about which at least one film has not been made, poems, songs have not been written, pictures, etc. have not been written. etc ...... And thousands of books were written about all this! If you bring the ENTIRE LIST of what was shown on cinema and television screens, written in books, composed in poems and songs, depicted in paintings, and even filmed in cartoons for children, then this LIST will not just more than cover EVERYTHING in this regard done under the current government, but it also turns out (if it is measured in percentage terms) that in 25 years of "democracy" in Russia NOTHING IS DONE AT ALL !!! And if you take it and look at what has been done, it turns out that more than half are LIES and REWRITING HISTORY!!! These two documentaries are RARE in our times! Basically, this is nonsense about Bondarchuk's "Stalingrad", lies about MiGalkov's "Citadel", "Bastards", 4 days in May", "Penal Battalion" and other abominations on which God forbid our children learn the history of Russia!

15. Sergey Vladimirovich : Answer to 13., Alyosha:
2015-07-23 at 18:45

Aleksey, this is a question, rather, of faith... Faith in your people, who were thinking more and more about the heavenly than about the earthly..."Battle for the convoy", "Attack of the dead"Thank you. I recently learned about the Battle of Fate. And about Osovets, once, he wrote a poem: http://www.stihi.ru/2015/01/26/7846

Thank you too, Alexey!

14. Sergey Vladimirovich : 28 Panfilov
2015-07-23 at 18:33

I read a book, I already wrote about it, it was called "Red Smoke". Collection of stories about border guards. ... The retreating regiment and 28 border guards who joined the regiment, who were left to cover the retreat of the regiment ... They could leave the position after they saw the "red smoke rocket". Most likely, they understood that there would be no rocket - the regiment had to break away. During the day of the battle, having small arms and grenades, they crushed an infantry battalion, several tanks and armored personnel carriers. This, in the afterword, as a proven fact, was reported by the archive of the USSR Armed Forces.

13. Alyosha : Answer to 7., Sergey Vladimirovich:
2015-07-23 at 18:24

Alexey, this is rather a question of faith... Faith in your people, who were thinking more and more about the heavenly than about the earthly..."Battle for the convoy", "Attack of the dead"

Thank you. I recently learned about the Battle of Fate. And about Osovets, once, he wrote a poem: http://www.stihi.ru/2015/01/26/7846

12. Sergei Abachiev : Great, Svetlana!
2015-07-23 at 18:22

The only trouble is the incommensurability of the number of viewers of the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company and the number of visitors to the portal. Well, nothing! The Lord sees the truth and the "little flock" is in His sight and even in special honor!

11. Sergey Vladimirovich : Answer to 8., Tulyak:
2015-07-23 at 17:56

"And one warrior in the field, since he is tailored in Russian." There is an excellent documentary about the feat of N. Sirotin: http://goo.gl/c54BBT Here is another Feat of Russian Soldiers at the beginning of the war, no less revealing: http://goo.gl/SjQz19

The trouble is that we will learn about many of the exploits of our ancestors only now. They did not teach this at school, although our school was much better than the current one. "Young Battle", in which the guardsmen died defending Russia ... After that, it seems that they were no longer there - they all died. Suvorov, who did not lose a single battle; Ushakov, who did not lose a single ship, and there were not so many dead sailors. We should start teaching schoolchildren with such examples.

9. Leonid Bolotin : Fighting for the defense of Moscow - as if it were yesterday
2015-07-23 at 17:13

My Father in 1964 worked as Izvestia's own correspondent for Uzbekistan, and at his office in Tashkent there was a public reception room, which was headed by a retired colonel, originally from Kazakhstan. Unfortunately, I don’t remember his name, but I think I’ll somehow find his first and last name in Father’s archive. In June 1964, my father brought me to Moscow to rest with me in the "Izvestinsky" rest house "Pakhra" for my psychological rehabilitation after a serious operation that I underwent in April. But my father went not only on vacation, but combined it with business. We flew to Moscow together with the head of the public reception, a retired colonel. We were located in the old part of the Moskva Hotel - in the former Grand Hotel, the windows of our rooms just overlooked the Lenin Museum, which looked like a fairy-tale palace. And the next morning I woke up alone in the room, but I heard the voice of the Father behind the wall and went to the room where the colonel was staying ... I came there and slowly sat down in a large armchair so as not to interrupt the conversation.
At the beginning of the war, the colonel served in the division of General Panfilov, of course, in a different, lower rank, and so he told Father, and then began to turn to me. He spoke very casually about the battles near Moscow in October and snowy November 1941.
At first I did not understand anything, because I did not catch the beginning of the conversation: the stingy words of the narrator were so strong and precise, although without the slightest flamboyance, from which my first impression of the story was that it happened several months ago - in the autumn of 1963. And I was seized with horror because Moscow had recently been threatened by such an attack ... And only then from the “everyday” story, without the slightest pathos, I realized that we are talking about the autumn of 1941, and calmed down, began to listen more attentively. The colonel called the numbers of large and small units and settlements, the distance to the outskirts of Moscow, and losses, losses, losses - half of the personnel, two thirds, three quarters. Basically, the big losses were already after the death of the guard, Major General Panfilov, the general died to take care of his soldiers. And the casualties were among those who were on the front lines just a few weeks before the fighting. Prior to this, the division arrived from Kazakhstan, first near Novgorod, and then was transferred to Moscow ... But before that, Panfilov’s fighters, while still in exercises in Kazakhstan, took classes against “tank fear” with the help of raids on the training trenches of tractors and bulldozers ... This distinguishes their success in the fight with German technology during the last Nazi attempt to attack and capture Moscow.
The colonel said almost nothing about himself, only mentioned himself in connection with some moments that he witnessed, for example, when he said something about General Panfilov ...
And although I was only six and a half years old, I had already heard something about the feat of the “28 Panfilovites”. Preparations were underway in the country for the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the Victory, and in television programs, on the radio, in newspapers and magazines (Mom taught me to read at the beginning of the sixth year of my life, and then I was already looking through Pioneer Truth, which was ordered for my sister, loved leafing through "Week" - an appendix to "Izvestia", the journal "Pioneer"), they talked a lot about the war. And in my favorite books - the Children's Encyclopedia in yellow cover, in Vershigora's two-volume book about Kovpak with many photographs, there was also a lot about the war. But then I heard about General Panfilov himself for the first time, and about his division, and about his death. Therefore, he listened to the colonel, holding his breath with wide eyes.
And only many years later, when I myself was over forty, I realized where my feeling came from the colonel's story, as about something that had happened quite recently. This is how the war veteran felt his recent past, for him it was like yesterday. And his feeling through the story was transmitted to me.
So now what happened in 1992, I perceive as a very recent past, although a whole generation of people was born and grew up during this period. But I remember the pictures that arose in my consciousness, in my inner gaze from simple words colonel: I saw these columns of German tanks and other enemy armored vehicles, I saw the uniform of German soldiers and officers, I heard their guttural speech, which the narrator-colonel once saw and heard, I saw trains of my fellow countrymen from Central Asia, and trains of Siberians
I was cut to the heart by an attempt to belittle the feat of all the Panfilovites. There was a similar information attack in 2011, when the 70th Battle of Moscow was celebrated. The scoundrels from historiography cannot calm down in any way. They need to scientifically beat on tinsel, on tinsel, on tinsel !!!
http://www.sovross.r...s.php?name=News&file=article&sid=588848

8. Tulyak : Answer to 5., Sergey Vladimirovich:
2015-07-23 at 17:09

6. Alyosha : Re: The feat was
2015-07-23 at 16:34

With the dawn, from the horizon,
They came in a motor roar
Sights making holes in the world.
Two companies of black mastodons
Long accustomed to the taste of blood
And in the main tank - the commander.
Hiding the hawkish gaze
Behind thick, tower armor,
Driven into battle by ancient power,
He watched the pupil of the device
How his tanks went like a pig
Crushing someone else's, for them, land
Elephant, multi-ton weight,
Bathing trucks in white snow
And soot trash high ...

And in the heads of the crews,
Deaf in caterpillar running
An obsessive thought beat:
Break through with thunder and shine
To Moscow, while autumn lasts,
Breaking barriers and barriers.
But they were waiting for them behind the copse.
Two times less - twenty-eight.
True, not tanks, but soldiers.
And they waited. And firmly merged
With Krupp armor steel
In the arms of fire and death.
And the tanks were frozen solid,
In the middle of the snowy land...

Who is dead in soul, well, do not believe.

5. Sergey Vladimirovich : And one warrior in the field ...
2015-07-23 at 15:22

"And one warrior in the field, since he is tailored in Russian."

Name is Nikolay. Patronymic - Vladimirovich. Surname - Sirotinin. Height - One hundred and sixty-four centimeters. Weight - fifty-four kilograms. Rank - senior sergeant. Russian. Military profession - artilleryman, gun commander. Age - twenty years. Rustic. 55th Infantry Regiment, 6th Infantry Division. The same division, parts of which were stationed in the Brest Fortress and near it.
Anti-tank gun, caliber - 76 millimeters, weight in combat position one and a half tons. Sixty shells. Carbine, ammo. The weight of the projectile is nine kilograms. The most effective fire on armored targets is 600 meters, direct fire. The direction of defense is simple - for the Motherland.

Enemy: The second tank group favorite of the Fuhrer Guderian. 4th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht, Vanguard. A column of 59 German tanks.

The main German battle tank T-III: weight - 20 tons, Maybach engine with 250 hp, speed 32 km / h. Crew -5 people. Dimensions: 5.69x2.81x2.335m. Armament: 37 mm cannon and three MG34 machine guns.

Two hundred tankers, 150 machine guns, 59 cannons, 1200 tons of German iron.

The tank battalion was covered by a company of infantry in trucks, on foot and on horseback with bicycles. Namely: four officers, 26 non-commissioned officers, 161 soldiers. Armament: 47 pistols, 16 Schmeisser, 132 carbines, 12 light machine guns, 3 anti-tank rifles, three 50-mm mortars. 22 horses, 9 horse carts, 1 field kitchen, 9 bikes. Tracked-wheeled armored vehicles. Motorcyclists.

The direction of movement, you can't imagine more important - Moscow.

July 17, 1941. Small Belarusian village Sokolnichi. Bridge across the narrow river Dobryst. Wet shores. Across the river, in the greenery of the second month of summer, the only gun and soldier were lost in disguise. The rear guard of the artillery battery of the rifle regiment. In front of the bridge, on the other side of the river, the road clogged with German tanks is Varshavka. Behind, feverishly hurrying to a new line of defense, the Sozh River, a native rifle regiment.

The main thing is time so that they have time to take the line and dig in.

I think they won’t let you fire more than thirty times, - said the battery commander, - plug the bridge and retreat. Cannon lock - with you in your duffel bag. Horse behind the shed. You will catch up.
- Nothing, comrade senior lieutenant, I will do everything. I’m a villager, you just leave more shells for me, and it will be faster for you to ride and it will be easier for the horses, not so hard, - the little sergeant looked up calmly and confidently, as if before doing the usual and hard rural work on his land in the village in Oryol. From the village of Sokolnichi to the district center of Krichev - five kilometers. A few minutes drive. But on July 17, 1941, it took the Nazis two and a half hours to overcome this distance.

Eyewitnesses say that the commander was somewhere nearby at the beginning of the battle - he corrected, but as soon as Sirotinin knocked out the lead tank before entering the bridge with the first shot, and then the last one, which fell into the cannon fire sector on the road, he left for the battery. The bridge was blocked. Mission accomplished. But Sirotinini did not fulfill the second half of the commander's order to withdraw. He had sixty shells. And ten German tanks stuck in a swamp while trying to move off the road. And more tanks on the way. And armored vehicles. And infantry, Nazi arrogance, invaders, occupiers in gray uniforms in the sector of gun fire.

And the fight began. And when you have a weapon in your hands, full of ammunition, and the enemy is in front, and behind ..., and they ride like in a parade, like at home and it’s not a joy to retreat, then you don’t give a damn which side of the gun the vertical and horizontal aiming mechanisms . Dodged, inside out, but pointed. There would be a desire. Pointed, fired, spotted the hit, brought the projectile, pointed, fired, the projectile ...

Civilized, orderly, correct Europe, which fell at the feet of the Nazis almost without a fight, ended in Brest, but they have not yet understood this. And the senior sergeant explained this truth to them diligently, in a language they understood and not sparing himself. The teacher brought down his audience with iron arguments on the spot, regretted only one thing, that he could not have time to bring this truth to every soldier in the German column and those who follow them. The students, the senior sergeant, were unimportant, they did not learn the topic. Except for those very zealous ones who stayed with him to study educational material forever. And even the Germans appreciated the perfection and simplicity of presentation of the material performed by the sergeant and his combat training manual.

Oberleutnant Friedrich Hoenfeld. Quote from the diary: “In the evening they buried an unknown Russian soldier. He fought alone. He fired a cannon at our tanks and infantry. It seemed that the battle would never end. His courage was amazing.

It was real hell. Tanks caught fire one after another. The infantry, hiding behind the armor, lay down. Commanders are confused. They cannot understand the source of heavy fire. Seems like a whole battery is going down. Aimed fire. Where did this battery come from? There are 59 tanks in the column, an infantry company, armored vehicles. And all our might is powerless before the fire of the Russians. Intelligence reported that the path was clear. What amazed us most of all was that only one fighter fought against us. And we thought that a whole artillery battery was firing at us."

Realizing that they would not break the Russian gunners with a frontal attack, the Nazis went around. Surrounding Sirotinin's position, they opened heavy fire. And only after that the cannon fell silent, and the carbine stopped firing. Most of all, the Germans were amazed that only one fighter fought against them.

"Everyone was amazed that the hero was a youth, almost a boy. In the ranks of German soldiers, he would have stood last on the right flank. He fired fifty-seven shots at us from a gun and then, still beat and beat at us from a carbine. Dispersed the frontal attack of the infantry "Destroyed ten tanks and armored vehicles. A whole cemetery of our soldiers remained next to his grave."

The colonel was wiser than his junior officer. And it is also known that the Germans were so impressed by the courage of the Russian soldier that they buried him with military honors.

“Everyone was surprised at his courage. The colonel in front of the grave said: “If all the soldiers of the Fuhrer were like him, they would conquer the whole world. Three times they fired volleys from rifles. He is Russian, after all. Is such worship necessary?"

Oberleutnant Hoenfeld did not understand what kind of war and with whom Germany got involved. Ober-lieutenant Hoenfeld was killed near Tula in the summer of 1942. Soviet soldiers discovered his diary and handed it over to military journalist Fyodor Selivanov.

Senior Sergeant Nikolai Vladimirovich Sirotinin, commander of the anti-tank battery gun, was buried with full military honors by soldiers and officers of the 4th Wehrmacht Panzer Division on the banks of the Dobryst River, near the village of Sokolnichi.

Unknown feat of one thousand nine hundred and forty-one. For which he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, First Class, posthumously, nineteen years later, in 1960.
http://tvspas.ru/pub...pole_voin/16-1-0-597

4. Russian Stalinist : Answer to 2., Rudovsky:
2015-07-23 at 14:53

What difference does it make how many tanks were knocked out there - 10, 15 or 18? Was there a fight? Was. Did people die? Died. Was Moscow eventually defended? Defended. And what journalists attributed there, that the rumor of the people is a second matter. It is necessary to know and study all this, but without mockery of the history of your country and mockery.

Absolutely right.
But the fact is that some subjects are very itchy to debunk "Soviet myths", to dip us into the toilet, so they cling to numbers and minor details.
Yeah, there were not 28 Panfilov's, but 128 - which means that the commies whistled as always. There was no feat!
Not 100, but 25 tanks were knocked out there - there was no feat!
On that day, the thickness of the snow cover was 5 cm, not 7 cm - there was no feat!
On that day, the sun came out from behind the clouds at 13.25, and not at 13.15 - there was no feat!
Klochkov did not utter a word about Moscow, but simply cursed, there was no feat!
And in such a bastardly flawed logic, they "debunk" myths.

3. Vyatchanin : Legend, not myth
2015-07-23 at 12:48

Yes, it was IMPOSSIBLE in the harsh year of 1941 for a journalist to conduct a detailed investigation of the feat of the Panfilov heroes who stopped a column of tanks near Moscow. An article in the newspaper was written in hot pursuit, the participants in the battle died, there was no one to interrogate. Therefore, the journalist had to use fiction in detail. Moreover, the main task of the front-line newspaper was propaganda: to inspire the fight against the Nazis.
Can a journalist use fiction? All manuals on journalism will say: fiction when creating a journalistic work is acceptable if it does not distort the essence of the event. Boris Polevoy took the story of the one-legged pilot Maresyev and wrote a wonderful story on a documentary basis. But he nevertheless "embellished" one fact in order to strengthen the image of the hero. During the operation, the literary Meresyev asks the surgeon to amputate his gangrenous leg without anesthesia, and the real Maresyev, after the publication of the story, admitted that he did not express such a request. However, there are many facts of amputation of limbs without anesthesia in the absence of such at the front. But after all, this detail does not cancel the feat of the real Maresyev.
As for the definition of myth, it would be better to call the feat of 28 Panfilov heroes a legend, since myth in everyday life is still understood as a fairy tale. A legend is an oral genre about the exploits of heroes, passed from mouth to mouth, which has a documentary basis, but acquires contrived details in the course of retelling. So, the story of S.S. Smirnov about the feat of the permanent sentry, who stood on the clock in the city of Osinovets for 9 years, has the subtitle "Almost a legend". The writer for a long time collected information about the permanent sentry from various sources, but did not find out his exact last name and first name, his age and further fate.

2. rudovsky : Re: So was it a feat?..
2015-07-23 at 11:14

This makes no sense.
I went to this memorial since June (after I-V monastery) with a small group of travelers. And there were several dozen people there - obviously, those who decided to visit this place out of respect for the memory of the dead. Moreover, people are entirely in 2, 3 and even 4 family generations.
What difference does it make how many tanks were knocked out there - 10, 15 or 18?
Was there a fight? Was. Did people die? Died. Was Moscow eventually defended? Defended. And what journalists attributed there, that the rumor of the people is a second matter. It is necessary to know and study all this, but without mockery of the history of your country and mockery.

1. Alyosha : Re: Was it a feat?..
2015-07-23 at 04:53

"... a state that talks so much about the inadmissibility of revising history, and especially the history of the Great Patriotic War, should beat itself on the back of the head. Because this state itself contributes both to revision with falsification and slander with false revelations. What exactly does it contribute to, this is another question - negligence, political myopia, recruitment of narrow-minded employees, whether with malicious intent, but one way or another, the state itself has now acted as a falsifier of its own history, while taking on the functions of self-destruction.

If two or three people in the state voice some correct things, this does not mean at all that everyone else accepts them as a guide to action.
Just the opposite. These are the rules of the game. And the wolves are full and the sheep are safe.