Compound verb predicate. What is cgs in Russian

Predicate.

Predicate- This main member a sentence that usually agrees with the subject (in number, person or gender) and has the meaning expressed in questions: what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is he? what is he? who is he?

The predicate expresses grammatical meaning one of the moods (indicative mood - present, past, future tense; conditional mood, imperative mood).

Types of predicates:

Simple verbal predicate. Compound verbal predicate - CGS. Compound nominal predicate - SIS

Simple verb predicate (PGS)

Ways of expressing a simple verbal predicate


1. Verb in the form of any mood	A gloomy morning comes. A gloomy morning came. Sergei will enter the theater school. He would gladly go to the countryside. Write down your homework.
2. Independent infinitive	To live is to serve the motherland.
3. Interjectional verb forms (truncated forms of the verb like bam, grab, jump)	Each friend here quietly understands a friend.
4. Phraseological turnover with the main word - a verb in conjugated form	The team won the championship. He's chasing the bastard again.
5. Verb in conjugated form + modal particle ( yes, let, let, let's, let's, it was like, like, like, like, exactly, hardly, almost, just and etc.)	Let me go with you. Let him go with his father. May you have sweet dreams. He started to walk towards the door, but suddenly stopped. The room seemed to smell of burning. He seemed to be paralyzed with fear. He nearly died of grief. He just did not somersault, trying to make the audience laugh. He almost passed out with joy.

Compound predicates.

Compound verb predicate

Compound predicates are predicates in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning (time and mood) are expressed different words. The lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and the grammatical meaning (time and mood) is expressed in the auxiliary part.

Wed: He sang(PGS). - He started to sing(GHS); He was sick for two months(PGS). - He was sick for two months(SIS).

The compound verb predicate (CGS) consists of two parts:

a) the auxiliary part (the verb in conjugated form) expresses the grammatical meaning (time and mood);
b) the main part ( indefinite form verb - infinitive) expresses lexical meaning.

CGS = auxiliary verb + infinitive. For example: I started to sing; I want to sing; I'm afraid to sing.

However, not every combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verbal predicate! In order for such a combination to be a compound verbal predicate, two conditions must be met:

The auxiliary verb must be lexically ambiguous, that is, it alone (without the infinitive) is not enough to understand what the sentence is about.

Wed: Istarted- what to do?; Iwant- what to do?.

If in the combination “verb + infinitive” the verb is significant, then it alone is a simple verbal predicate, and the infinitive is a secondary member of the sentence.

Wed: She issat down(for what purpose?) relax.

The action of the infinitive must refer to the subject (this is the subject infinitive). If the action of the infinitive refers to another member of the sentence (objective infinitive), then the infinitive is not part of the predicate, but is a minor member.

Wed:
1. I want to sing. I want to sing- compound verb predicate ( want - I, sing I will – I).
2. I asked her to sing. Requested- simple verbal predicate sing- addition ( asked - I, sing will - she is).

Auxiliary verb meanings

Meaning	Typical verbs and phraseological units
1. Phase (beginning, continuation, end of action)	start, become, start off, continue, finish, stay, stop, quit, stop and etc.	He began to prepare to leave. He continued to prepare for his departure. He gave up smoking. He again began to talk about the hardships of rural life.
2. modal value(necessity, desirability, ability, predisposition, emotional evaluation of the action, etc.)	To be able, to be able, to wish, to want, to dream, to intend, to refuse, to try, to try, to count, to be able, to contrive, to try, to assume, to get used to, to hasten, to be shy, to endure, to love, to hate, to be afraid, to fear, to be cowardly, to be ashamed, to set a goal , to burn with desire, to have honor, to have intention, to make a promise, to have a habit and etc.	I can sing. I want to sing. I'm afraid to sing. I like singing. I'm ashamed to sing. I hope to sing this aria.

Compound nominal predicate

Compound nominal predicate (CIS)consists of two parts:

a) the auxiliary part - the link (the verb in conjugated form) expresses the grammatical meaning (time and mood);
b) the main part - the nominal part (name, adverb) expresses lexical meaning.

SIS \u003d link + nominal part

For example: Hewas a doctor; Hebecame a doctor; Hewas ill; Hewas sick; Hewas injured; Hecame first.

Types of linking verbs

Link type by value	Typical verbs	Examples
1 . Grammatical connective - expresses only grammatical meaning (time, mood), has no lexical meaning.	Verbs to be, to be. In the present tense, the connective to be is usually in the zero form ("zero connective"): the absence of a connective indicates the present tense of the indicative mood.	Hewas a doctor. Hewill be a doctor. Hedoctor. Hewas sick. Hewill be sick. Hesick. Heis sick. Lyricsthere isthe highestmanifestationart.
2 . Semi-significant copula - not only expresses the grammatical meaning, but also introduces additional shades into the lexical meaning of the predicate, but cannot be an independent predicate (in that meaning).	a) occurrence or development of a trait: become, become, become, become; b) preservation of the feature: stay; c) manifestation, detection of a sign: to be, to be; d) evaluation of the feature in terms of reality: to appear, to appear, to appear, to be considered; e) the name of the feature: to be called, to be called, to be called.	Hebecame ill. Hestayed sick. Hebeen sickevery autumn. Heturned out to be sick. Heconsidered sick. Heseemed sick. Heis sick. Hereputed to be sick. Themcalled sick.
3. A significant copula is a verb with a full lexical meaning (one can act as a predicate).	a) Verbs of position in space: sit, lie down, stand; b) verbs of motion: go, come, return, roam; c) state verbs: live, work, be born, die.	She issat tired. Heleft angry. Hereturned upset. Helived as a hermit. Heborn happy. Hedied a hero.

Verb be can act as an independent simple verbal predicate in sentences with the meaning of being or having:

HimIt wasthree sons; HimIt wasmuch money.

Verbs become, become, become etc. can also be independent simple verbal predicates, but in a different meaning:

Heturned out to bedowntown; Hebecamenear the wall.

The most difficult to analyze are compound nominal predicates with a significant copula, because usually such verbs are independent predicates (cf.: Hesatnear the window). If the verb becomes a link, then its meaning is less important than the meaning of the name associated with the verb ( Hesitting tired; more important is that he was tired, not that is he sitting, not stood or lay).

For the combination "significant verb + name" to be a compound nominal predicate, the following conditions must be met:

the significant verb can be replaced by the grammatical connective be:

He sat tired- He was tired; He was born happy- He was happy; He came first- He was first;

the link can be made null:

He sitting tired - He tired ; He born happy - He happy ; He came first - He first .

If the verb has dependent forms full adjective, participle, ordinal number (answers the question which?), then it is always a compound nominal predicate ( sat tired, left upset, came first). The parts of such a compound nominal predicate are not separated by commas!

Ways of expressing the nominal part

The form	Examples
1. Noun
1.1. Noun in nominative or instrumental case	He is minebrother. Hewasminebrother.
1.2. Noun in the indirect case with or without a preposition	Navigatorwas in oblivion. Ipenniless. This house -Meshkov.
1.3. A whole phrase with the main word - a noun in the genitive case (with the meaning of a qualitative assessment)	son-in-lawwas a silent breed. This girltall.
2. Adjective
2.1. short adjective	Heoars. Hebecame cheerful.
2.2. Full adjective in the nominative or instrumental case	Hecheerful. Hebecame cheerful.
2.3. Comparative or superlative adjective	Here the sound of musicwere more audible. Youthe best.
3. Communion
3.1. Brief Communion	Heinjured. glasswere broken.
3.2. Full participles in the nominative or instrumental case	glasswere broken. glasswere broken.
4. Pronoun or whole phrase with the main word pronoun	All fish-your. This issomething new.
5. Numerals in the nominative or instrumental case	Their hut -thirdon the edge. Their hutwas the thirdon the edge.
6. Adverb	Iwas alert. His daughtermarriedbehind my brother.

Note!

1) Even if the predicate consists of one word - a name or an adverb (with a zero link), it is always a compound nominal predicate;

2) short adjectives and participles are always part of a compound nominal predicate;

3) nominative and instrumental cases - the main case forms of the nominal part of the predicate;

4) the nominal part of the predicate can be expressed as a whole phrase in the same cases as the subject.

the GHS system is:

Universal Russian-German Dictionary. Akademik.ru. 2011 .

Russian language 8th grade 6th week Types of predicate and ways of expressing it.

See what the CGS system is in other dictionaries:

CGS system - Topics oil and gas industry EN centimeter gram second system ... Technical translator's guide.

CGS METRIC - CGS METRIC, a system of units based on units such as centimeter, g and second. In this system, the dyne is the unit of force, the erg is the unit of energy. At present, this system has been replaced by a more advanced SI SYSTEM ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary.

symmetrical system GHS - Gauso vienetų sistema statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: engl. Gaussian system of units vok. Gaussches Maßsystem, n rus. symmetrical CGS system, f; Gaussian system, fpranc. système d'unités de Gauss, m; system d'unites

CGS - (centimeter gr second) # 160; system of units of measurement, which was widely used before the adoption of the international systems of units(SI). Other title#160; absolute physical system of units. There are three independent #8230; ... Wikipedia.

GHS unit system- CGS (centimeter gr second) system units measurement, which was widely used before the adoption of the international system of units (SI). Within the CGS there are three independent dimensions (length, mass and time), all others are reduced to them by #8230; ... Wikipedia.

SYSTEM - (Greek, a whole consisting of many parts). A collection of principles, rightly or wrongly connected together so that they form a whole: a known doctrine, a known school. Placement of parts of the whole, the course of which or in an alternate, coherent order.#8230; ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language.

Gaussian system - Gauso vienetų sistema statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: engl. Gaussian system of units vok. Gaussches Maßsystem, n rus. symmetrical CGS system, f; Gaussian system, fpranc. système d'unités de Gauss, m; system d'unites symétrique, m … Fizikos terminų žodynas.

CGS SYSTEM OF UNITS - a system of units of physical. values from 3 main. units: length centimeter, mass gr, time second; adopted 1 m Intern. Congress of Electricians (Paris, 1881) as systems of units covering mechanics and electrodynamics. For Electrodynamics#8230; ... Physical encyclopedia.

GHS unit system- (SGS), system of units physical quantities with 3 basic units: length centimeter; mass gr; time second. It is mainly used in physics and astronomy. In electrodynamics, two CGS systems of units were used: electrical # 8230; … Encyclopedic Dictionary.

cgs system units- a system of units of physical quantities, in which three main units are accepted: length Centimeter, mass Gy and time Second. A system with basic units of length, mass and time was proposed by the Committee on Electronics formed in 1861 ... Great Russian Encyclopedia.

CGS SYSTEM OF UNITS (SGS) - a system of units of physical quantities with basic units: cm g (mass) s. It is mainly used in works on physics and astronomy. Two systems of CGS units were used in electrodynamics: electric (CGSM) and electrostatic (CGSE). B… ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary.

Abstracts

what is CGS and SIS in Russian? urgently needed. School knowledge. com is a service in which users help each other with free of charge. PGS SGS SIS Russian language. Why, in some cases, the sentence is acceptable: I wish to draw. (I want to draw - GHS). Proposal (linguistics) - Wikipedia. nie (in a language) is a unit of language that represents grammatically. Compound nominal predicate in the Russian language. Sentences with adverbial phrases in Russian language. Compound verbal predicate: examples. Compound verbal predicate (CGS) consists of two parts: a) auxiliary part. Abbreviation - Wikipedia. what's in the literature for units of measurement SI and CGS; In modern Russian language not. Types of predicates in Russian language. Types of predicates in Russian language what is the subject? what is he? who is able. Russian language | E. Litnevskaya Russian language: short. A special type of GHS is presented in proposals, B in Russian represented by what (in any. unit of viscosity is What is a unit of viscosity. See what is a "unit included in the CGS system of units. in Russian language. Russian system of measures - what is Russian. Romanova G. Name of measures of length in in Russian. (SGS) Meter Watch what is.

At present, such an industry as construction does not stand still, but is constantly developing, introducing new technologies for the extraction and production of building materials, developing interesting methods construction and reconstruction various objects necessary for human life.

Different decoding of PGS

Often, when studying special documentation and dealing with construction, one can come across such an abbreviation as ASG. People working in this field immediately understand what in question. ASG is understood, firstly, as sand and gravel mixtures, and, secondly, as industrial civil engineering. Let's take a closer look at each definition.

Sand and gravel mixtures

Sand and gravel mixtures are non-metallic building material, which is characterized by a loose state, containing coarse gravel and sand. PGS has good physical and chemical properties and due to its reasonable cost, it is widely used in the construction industry. Depending on the percentage of gravel, there are:

OPGS.

In the first option, according to GOST, the content of coarse gravel fractions should not exceed ten percent. The classic mixture is used in road construction. It is necessary for laying the top layer of the canvas, embankment and serves as a kind of drainage during construction. But for leveling the territory, this class of ASG is not suitable, because of the quantitative ratio of the fractions that make up the composition (sand and gravel). For these works, it is better to choose OPGS.

Natural (classic) gravel mix contains additional natural materials such as quartz, clay and other impurities. Plus, depending on the place of extraction, the gravel composition may vary. It can be granite or limestone rocks, which will undoubtedly affect quality characteristics building material.

The second abbreviation implies an enriched sand-gravel mixture, in which the percentage of components is equal to 70/30. Thus, 30% is the sand content (that is, the volume of the mixture is ¼ sand and ¾ gravel). This type building material receive industrially by adding gravel to the ASG. Therefore, choosing an enriched mix for the production of concrete and concrete structures, you can be sure that the final product will be dense, frost-resistant.

The mixture is extracted using special equipment from the bottom of rivers, sand pits and beaches. Accordingly, the characteristic properties of building materials depend on the place of extraction. The main and most important indicator of ASG is the bonding ability. Thanks to this characteristic, material is widely used in construction, namely:

landscape design of the territory;
road construction;
concrete production;
production of various reinforced concrete structures;
site leveling;
filling pits, ditches.

When PGS is added to water or cement, the so-called mortars, which are later used for the manufacture of concrete. But, it is necessary to remember the purpose for which cement is made and, depending on it, observe certain proportions of ASG and cement mortar.

Thus, with an increase in the amount of liquid, the final product is less dense, but if the solution that serves as a link is small, then concrete will be dense and heavy for further work. It is also known the use of this building material in the construction of the roadway. With the help of the mixture, the area is leveled, on which construction is underway or repairs have been carried out.

Thus, when choosing sand and gravel mixtures, it is necessary to clearly understand what they are for. If for road construction, then natural ASG is suitable, if for landscape design or the manufacture of concrete structures, it is better than OPGS.

PGS - industrial civil engineering

The second decoding of the abbreviation PGS means industrial civil construction. Builders are one of the most sought after jobs currently. It is they who equip the environment, making it suitable for human life and build masterpieces of architecture. Engineers educated in the specialty PGS are engaged in:

construction of industrial facilities;
project documentation;
construction and installation of various facilities;
designing engineering systems and water disposal;
examination various structures;
geodetic and ecological surveys;
management throughout all stages of construction.

Thus, the PGS includes all stages of construction, from project documentation before finishing finished building. Engineers are of great importance in shaping the appearance of a village or city, from creating models of a settlement to building and restoring various structures. Project activity implies:

conducting engineering surveys;
selection, analysis and systematization of the received materials;
creating a layout of the finished object.

Management is the organization of the work process, the adoption important decisions and responsibility for their implementation. Under the survey of structures is meant the inspection of the object, the analysis of the data obtained and the reconstruction of the finished object.

In conclusion, it is worth repeating that the abbreviation PGS implies two definitions: mixtures of sand and gravel for construction, as well as industrial civil engineering. Mixtures are divided into classical or natural and enriched. The first option is used mainly in road construction, but the second is preferable for landscape design. Industrial and civil construction involves the development, analysis and support at all stages of the construction of an object necessary for human life.

Compound predicates- these are predicates in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning (time and mood) are expressed in different words. Lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and grammatical meaning (time and mood) - in the auxiliary part.

Wed: He sang(PGS). - He started to sing(GHS); He was sick for two months(PGS). - He was sick for two months(SIS).

Compound Verbal Predicate (CGS) consists of two parts:

a) auxiliary part(verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (time and mood);
b) main part(indefinite form of the verb - infinitive) expresses lexical meaning.

GHS = auxiliary verb + infinitive

For example: I started to sing; I want to sing ; I'm afraid to sing.

However, not every combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verbal predicate! In order for such a combination to be a compound verbal predicate, two conditions must be met:

The auxiliary verb must be lexically ambiguous, that is, it alone (without the infinitive) is not enough to understand what the sentence is about.

Wed: I started- what to do?; I want- what to do?.

If in the combination “verb + infinitive” the verb is significant, then it alone is a simple verbal predicate, and the infinitive is a secondary member of the sentence.

Wed: She is sat down (for what purpose?) relax .

Wed:
1. I want to sing . I want to sing- compound verb predicate (I want - I, sing I will- I ).
2. I asked her to sing. Requested- simple verbal predicate sing- addition (asked - I will sing - she).

Auxiliary verb meanings

Meaning	Typical verbs and phraseological units	Examples
1. Phase (beginning, continuation, end of action)	start, become, start off, continue, finish, stay, stop, quit, stop and etc.	He began to prepare to leave. He continued to prepare to departure. He gave up smoking . He again started to reason about the hardships of rural life.
2. Modal meaning (necessity, desirability, ability, predisposition, emotional evaluation of an action, etc.)	To be able, to be able, to wish, to want, to dream, to intend, to refuse, to try, to try, to count, to be able, to contrive, to try, to assume, to get used to, to hasten, to be shy, to endure, to love, to hate, to be afraid, to fear, to be cowardly, to be ashamed, to set a goal , to burn with desire, to have honor, to have intention, to make a promise, to have a habit and etc.	I can sing . I want to sing . I'm afraid to sing. I like singing . I'm ashamed to sing. I I hope to sing this aria.

Plan for parsing a compound verb predicate

Specify the type of predicate.
Indicate how the main part is expressed (subjective infinitive); what is the meaning of the auxiliary part (phase, modal) and what form of the verb it is expressed.

Sample parsing

The old man began to chew again.

Started to chew- compound verb predicate. Main part ( chew) is expressed by the subjective infinitive. Auxiliary part ( set off) has a phase meaning and is expressed by the verb in the past tense of the indicative mood.