Message about the frog fable asking for the king. Retelling the fable of the frog asking for the king
They are works of a special satirical genre, which was inherited from the era of antiquity. During Classicism, fables were considered a "low" genre, and therefore they often sounded in simple speech, characteristic of ordinary conversation. The heroes of the fable "The Frogs Asking for the King" are the inhabitants of the swamp. But, of course, this is an allegory skillfully used by the author. The piece is dated 1809.
Plot
In the analysis of the fable "The Frogs Asking for the Tsar", the student needs to talk about the main characters of the work. It tells of frogs who cry out to the heavens to give them a ruler. And the great Zeus heeds their prayers - he gives them a quiet and calm king who does not overshadow the lives of the inhabitants of the swamp.
But even in this case, the frogs begin to murmur to heaven. After all, this ruler does not require anything from them. And then the angry ruler of the world sends them another king - one who punished them without trial or investigation. Again they turned their prayers to heaven. But this time, Zeus did not heed their request. After all, now they are to blame. Stupid frogs did not appreciate what they had, and now they have to deal with the consequences of their shortsightedness. God answers them that now it is better to remain silent so that something worse does not happen.
Literary analysis plan
An analysis of the fable "The Frogs Asking for a King" according to the plan may include the following points:
- When was the work written, who is the author.
- Plot.
- The main characters, their character (in this case, frogs).
- What vices does the fabulist ridicule? In this work, Krylov writes about the stupidity of frogs, their inability to appreciate what they have.
- Features of the language of the fable.
The flaws of the main characters
When analyzing the fable “The Frogs Asking for a King”, the student can emphasize that the frogs’ claim to the right to have their own opinion is not supported by their willingness to make important decisions on their own. This leads to sad consequences for the inhabitants of the swamp. The fabulist portrayed the images of cowardly inhabitants with irony, endowing them with the appearance of frogs. Their swagger ends very tragically. The work causes sadness also because such a situation often takes place in reality.
Morality
An analysis of the fable "The Frogs Asking for a King" will be incomplete without highlighting the moral aspect. The reader can find in the words of the god Jupiter, who sincerely wonders why the frogs could not live happily when they had all the conditions for this. These words are quite applicable in those situations where people had the opportunity to improve their situation. However, they did not take advantage of these opportunities. And after that they complain to others about misfortunes.
The fabulist in an allegorical form writes about those people who are ready to transfer self-determination into the wrong hands. They don't want to organize their lives. Like stupid frogs, such people want to follow a routine set from outside. However, such inhabitants are never satisfied with the current situation. The reason for this may be either a real danger looming over them, or their stupidity and inability to appreciate the good that is available. After all, those who do not want to take responsibility for their lives have the most primitive interests, one of which is a senseless display of arrogance and criticism.
What Frogs Can't Learn
In the analysis of Krylov's fable "The Frogs Asking for the Tsar", the student can indicate that the lesson that the author teaches people is as follows: it is stupid to want to drastically change your life, if you do not take into account the fact that society should change gradually, in accordance with the course stories. And frogs come only from their own ideas about what power should be. However, their intelligence is not enough to understand at what pace social relations should develop. For this they receive punishment from heaven.
Analysis of the fable "The Frogs Asking for the Tsar": Vocabulary Features
The fable uses a lot of lexical units that give the work a special imagery. For example, the word "help" means "to help". But the phrase "aspen block" symbolizes rudeness, uncouthness. The phrase "black year" means a period of time during which one has to face failure and suffering.
In the fable "The Frogs Asking for a King" funny and sad things happen at the same time. The frogs have not been able to live under the "rule of the people", that is, without the supreme power. They began to ask the gods for a king.
Twice the gods sent them a ruler, both times it had sad consequences. In the first case, "this king was an aspen block", and in the second - the Crane.
The first ruler did not suit the frogs with his tolerance, and they began to behave as they please. The crane, on the other hand, was cool and quick to judge, "whom he does not meet, he will immediately sue and swallow." The third request (to change this ruler) was not granted by the gods.
The allegory in the fable is transparent. Frogs are commoners that make up most of the state. Tsars - through these images two types of government are shown.
The following thoughts of the fabulist are reflected in the fable:
The people cannot manage their own lives, they are ready to give up their freedom for who knows what;
If the king is calm, the people begin to abuse their official position, but they do not like it;
The ruler of a “different temper” does not suit the people with his cruelty;
- "a voice from heaven" (the opinion of the gods) evaluates the behavior of frogs as madness;
The gods do not offer the option of a “good” king, since the people did not deserve it.
We are really funny and sad at the same time. The behavior of the common frogs is described in a funny way, the first ruler is funny. It is sad that the lack of self-consciousness among the people is shown, that the rulers are far from ideal, but there will be no better ones.
Russian history has many such examples.
The fable begins with an ironic and somewhat sad story that the frogs were not satisfied with a free life, a life "without service and in the wild." They themselves, voluntarily, asked the gods to give them a king.
The management of the first king was that he was passive, which led to some chaos: the frogs became impudent, ceased to respect and honor him. The rule of the Crane was just the opposite: punishment was his main rule, the frogs were frightened, because they began to see danger to life everywhere.
It turns out that Krylov did not show real government. Perhaps he believed that the government and the people are always in conflict. It can also be assumed that the people deserved such rulers, guilty of not being able to live under the "rule of the people."
Help - help; aspen block - uncouth, "heavy", stupid and rude person; there is a great flaw in the frogs every day - every day a large number of frogs are punished (die); a black year comes - a time of failures, sadness.
The moral of the fable is contained in the final lines. These words (“Why didn’t you know how to live happily before?”, “Live with him so that it doesn’t get worse for you!”) Is pronounced by the gods from heaven.
In ordinary life, these words can be uttered when it is necessary to remind someone or ourselves that we always have opportunities that we do not use due to thoughtlessness, then there are many problems that we ourselves are to blame for.
Sections: Literature
Purpose: To introduce students to the fable of I.A. Krylov "The Frogs Asking for the Tsar" Continue to develop the ability to understand the allegorical meaning of fables and their morals.
Equipment: books from Krylov, portraits of the fabulist, illustrations for fables.
Methodical techniques: lecture with elements of conversation, listening to audio cassettes, analysis of fables heard, expressive reading, text analysis, conversation on questions.
I. Opening speech of the teacher.
In the 1800s, I.A. Krylov reconsiders his attitude both to the very course of history and to the conscious intervention of "theory" in the historical practice of mankind. Krylov completely rejects theoretical intervention in the course of events, it can only lead to even greater evil.
Before the French Revolution, Krylov, like other enlighteners, had high hopes for reason, broad education and upbringing of the nobles, for the introduction of reasonable social concepts into their minds. Such intellectual enlightenment was capable, in his opinion, of transforming the whole society. If the majority of the nobles understand the benefits of reasonable behavior, do not oppress the serfs, take care of the social needs of the poor, put public duty above selfish, selfish desires, etc., then a state of justice and prosperity will arise.
But then the French Revolution happened. Krylov, like other progressive people, was faced with the fact that the predictions of the enlighteners did not come true. It was necessary to reconsider the previous positions, drawing lessons from history. The question arose before him: why did history "disobey" the enlighteners, why did it deceive their hopes?
At the beginning of the 19th century, Krylov turned to the genre of fables associated with folk culture. In his fables, he gave answers to the burning problems of life.
Krylov clarified the truth that history moves according to its own laws, and not according to the "logical", "head" prescriptions of people, that attempts to impose on history some "reasonable" requirements that do not take into account all previous historical experience are doomed to failure and lead to much worse consequences than those which are the consequence of natural motion.
In this regard, Krylov's development of the well-known and popular fable plot - "The Frogs Asking for the Tsar" (1809) is very indicative. The general idea of this fable, developed by La Fontaine, is also preserved by Krylov: the frogs themselves are to blame for their misfortunes, for the fact that, not content with the rule of the people, they asked for a king.
2. Reading and analyzing the fable
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Lafontaine |
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Frogs asking for a king |
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Once upon a time in ancient times, the Frogs asked Jupiter to send them a sovereign. Heeding their tearful prayer, Jupiter bestowed the king of the marsh tribe. With an incredible noise, that king fell into the swamp, alarming all its inhabitants. In a terrible fright, all the frogs jumped into the water and dug deeper into the mud. At first, they did not even dare to look at their new master - after all, he was so huge, so majestic. It was a hefty aspen block. But gradually the frogs took courage and, one by one, began to gather around their king, waiting for his favors and good deeds. The king was majestically silent. Then the frogs got even more brave. They tugged at their master, shook him and shook him, seeking gifts, awards and other awards. The king was silent. Then the frogs, having completely dispersed, began to jump on his back and even jump on his head. The sovereign did not move, enduring all the insults from his loyal subjects. He did not say a word of reproach to them, he did not punish them for their insolence. However, he did not do any good deeds to the frogs either. The dissatisfied frogs then said to Jupiter: Then Jupiter sent them a snake. Oh, she was so agile! So graceful, so moving, and very beautiful! The real empress! She quickly glided through her kingdom, strictly observing her dignity and power, severely punishing her subjects - both for insolence, and for inappropriate thoughtfulness, and for other offenses, and even without them. She swallowed the frogs so deftly and quickly that soon the latter complained to Jupiter again. He told them this: |
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What doubt is expressed in this fable? (deep doubt in the contractual theory of the state, especially in its version that was developed by Rousseau and put into practice by the Jacobins. It expresses doubt that it is possible to build history consciously, on the basis of preconceived, head Theories).
- But in Krylov's development of this plot there is also something that entirely belongs to him. What is the difference between Krylov's fable? (a detailed, much more detailed description of the reign of the Crane than that of La Fontaine. In La Fontaine, the Crane King treats frogs exactly like the Crane: it catches, kills and swallows. 12 lines:
This king is not a blockhead, a completely different disposition:
He does not like to spoil his people;
He eats the guilty: and at his trial
No one is right;
But he has
What is breakfast, what is lunch, what is dinner, then reprisal.
On the inhabitants of the marshes
The black year is coming.
The Frogs have a big flaw every day.
From morning to evening their King walks around the kingdom
And anyone he meets
Immediately sue and - swallow.
- What features does Krylov give to the Crane? (The Krylovsky Crane, under his own name, appears in the fable only once; further on, he is called the Tsar everywhere and all his actions are depicted in a double plan: like a crane he eats frogs, like a king he judges his “people” and sentences everyone to execution).
Live with him so that it doesn’t get worse for you!)
What were the frogs punished for? (the frogs were punished for their passion for change, for their unwillingness to reckon with the status quo, for their desire to change their way of life without looking back at the past and their own experience)
And it seemed to them not at all noble
Without service and free to live.
Lafontaine has no last words. It is possible that Krylov had in mind V. Maikov, who, in his translation-alteration of Lafontaine, gave a detailed critique of democratic government. His frogs complain to Jupiter like this:
We live willfully; We have enough lies
We have
For every hour
They hate each other;
The powerless will be offended by the strong;
And the strong considers the strong for the enemy. one
The “stupidity” of frogs, according to Krylov, is in the theoretical nature of their aspirations, in their conviction that it is necessary to try another power.
The path of trials that the frogs go through is a refutation of enlightenment optimism with its conviction that in the end the dominion of “pure reason” (Karamzin) will be established on earth. 2
- What conclusion can we draw from reading Krylov's fable? What does she teach us? (history moves according to its own laws, and not according to the "logical", "head" prescriptions of people that attempts to impose on history some "reasonable" requirements that do not take into account all previous historical experience are doomed to failure and lead to much worse consequences than those which are the result of natural movement.
If it is impossible to foresee the development of reality and make forecasts, then, one asks, what is the role of reason? Krylov answers this way: both exaggeration of the role of reason and neglect of it are equally dangerous. Non-intervention of the mind in practical activities leads to stagnation, inertia, routine.
Homework.
Make a quotation plan for the fable "The Frogs Asking for the King."
Fables I.A. Krylova is a special satirical genre inherited from antiquity. In the era of classicism, fables belonged to the "low" genres, so they sounded like simple colloquial speech. The heroes of fables could be either people from the people, or animals, reflecting certain character traits.
In the fable "The Frogs Asking for a Tsar" the Frogs become heroes, but this, of course, is an allegory. Allegory - allegory - one of the characteristic features of the fable. The Frogs are people who ask the gods to give them a sovereign. Zeus gave them the King, but it was an aspen block that did not react to anything. Having rested from fear, the Frogs became bold and bold, and then did not put the new ruler in anything at all. Having asked Jupiter to give them another King, "truly for glory", they received the power of the Crane. Now another extreme awaited them: the Crane ate the guilty, "and there is no one right at his trial." Soon the Frogs repented of their desire and again prayed to Jupiter, "that even they cannot ... neither stick their nose out, nor croak safely." But now Jupiter does not make concessions.
Jupiter's concluding words are the moral of the fable, a brief instructive statement that contains the main meaning of the fable:
“… Was a King given to you? - so he was too quiet:
You rebelled in your puddle
Another is given to you - so this one is very dashing;
Live with him so that it doesn’t get worse for you!
This is a lesson for people: they want to change their lives through outside interference, not taking into account the fact that society should develop gradually, historically. Stupid Frogs proceed only from their ideas about power, but their mind is not enough to understand the need for a gradual development of social relations. For this they are punished by God. In the fable, the author uses colloquial and colloquial expressions: “cracked into the kingdom”, “from all the Frogs’ legs in fright they rushed about”, “here, more than ever, both croaking and groaning”, “swallows them like flies”. Many words and expressions are outdated (“Why didn’t you know how to live happily before?”). But the idea of Krylov's fable has not become outdated, it is still significant, it causes both sadness and laughter at the same time.
Fables I.A. Krylova is a special satirical genre inherited from antiquity. In the era of classicism, fables belonged to the "low" genres, so they sounded like simple colloquial speech. The heroes of fables could be either people from the people, or animals, reflecting certain character traits.
In the fable "The Frogs Asking for a Tsar" the Frogs become heroes, but this, of course, is an allegory. Allegory - allegory - one of the characteristic features of the fable. The Frogs are people who ask the gods to give them a sovereign. Zeus gave them the King, but it was an aspen block that did not react to anything. Having rested from fear, the Frogs became bold and bold, and then did not put the new ruler in anything at all. Having asked Jupiter to give them another King, "truly for glory", they received the power of the Crane. Now another extreme awaited them: the Crane ate the guilty, "and there is no one right at his trial." Soon the Frogs repented of their desire and again prayed to Jupiter, "that even they cannot ... neither stick their nose out, nor croak safely." But now Jupiter does not make concessions.
Jupiter's concluding words are the moral of the fable, a brief instructive statement that contains the main meaning of the fable:
“… Was a King given to you? - so he was too quiet:
Another is given to you - so this one is very dashing;
In the fable "The Frogs Asking for a King" funny and sad things happen at the same time. The frogs have not been able to live under the "rule of the people", that is, without the supreme power. They began to ask the gods for a king.
Twice the gods sent them a ruler, both times it had sad consequences. In the first case, "this king was an aspen block", and in the second - the Crane.
The first ruler did not suit the frogs with his tolerance, and they began to behave as they please. The crane, on the other hand, was cool and quick to judge, "whom he does not meet, he will immediately sue and swallow." The third request (to change this ruler) was not granted by the gods.
The allegory in the fable is transparent. Frogs are commoners that make up most of the state. Tsars - through these images two types of government are shown.
The following thoughts of the fabulist are reflected in the fable:
The people cannot manage their own lives, they are ready to give up their freedom for who knows what;
If the king is calm, the people begin to abuse their official position, but they do not like it;
The ruler of a “different temper” does not suit the people with his cruelty;
- "a voice from heaven" (the opinion of the gods) evaluates the behavior of frogs as madness;
The gods do not offer the option of a “good” king, since the people did not deserve it.
We are really funny and sad at the same time. The behavior of the common frogs is described in a funny way, the first ruler is funny. It is sad that the lack of self-consciousness among the people is shown, that the rulers are far from ideal, but there will be no better ones.
Russian history has many such examples.
The fable begins with an ironic and somewhat sad story that the frogs were not satisfied with a free life, a life "without service and in the wild." They themselves, voluntarily, asked the gods to give them a king.
The management of the first king was that he was passive, which led to some chaos: the frogs became impudent, ceased to respect and honor him. The rule of the Crane was just the opposite: punishment was his main rule, the frogs were frightened, because they began to see danger to life everywhere.
It turns out that Krylov did not show real government. Perhaps he believed that the government and the people are always in conflict. It can also be assumed that the people deserved such rulers, guilty of not being able to live under the "rule of the people."
Help - help; aspen block - uncouth, "heavy", stupid and rude person; there is a great flaw in the frogs every day - every day a large number of frogs are punished (die); a black year comes - a time of failures, sadness.
The moral of the fable is contained in the final lines. These words (“Why didn’t you know how to live happily before?”, “Live with him so that it doesn’t get worse for you!”) Is pronounced by the gods from heaven.
In ordinary life, these words can be uttered when it is necessary to remind someone or ourselves that we always have opportunities that we do not use due to thoughtlessness, then there are many problems that we ourselves are to blame for.
An analysis of the fable "The Frogs Asking for a Tsar" makes it possible to emphasize the negative perception of rulers and leaders in society. A work written more than 200 years ago, in certain cases, can be an example for some today.
From Aesop to Krylov
Since ancient literature, the fable has occupied a special place. She was able to notice such traits of a human character that were always considered vicious and caused negative feelings. The first to speak of human minuses in the language of a fable was the wisest ancient Greek poet-philosopher Aesop. The ability not to name a specific person, resorting to allegory, indicated shortcomings that needed to be combated.
Lafontaine became his follower. "The Frogs Asking for a King" is a fable that belongs to his pen. Allegory allows the authors to make representatives of the animal world the main characters. To understand how this technique works, you need to analyze the fable "The Frogs Asking for the King."
So what is this piece about? A long time ago, the inhabitants of the swamps wanted to be led by a king. Jupiter heeded their request and sent a huge aspen block to their kingdom. The frogs were afraid of him, but then, having taken courage, they began to behave outrageously, despite the high title of their new master.
Churban did not interfere with anything, did not reproach his subjects for anything. But he did nothing for them. This caused discontent in the whole environment of the king. The frogs wanted a quick sovereign, and they again turned to Jupiter with such a request.
The serpent ascended the throne. Agile and beautiful, she severely punished disobedience. Even innocent frogs became her dinner. The survivors complained to the heavenly ruler. Jupiter was surprised, but refused the next request of the frogs, promising them to send a ruler even worse than the previous ones as king.
Zeus' warning
Not only Lafontaine wrote about dissatisfaction with those in power, Krylov also addresses this topic, “The Frogs Asking for the Tsar” - fable, which is also in his collection. Frogs mean people. At Krylov, as before, the aspen block, which was replaced by the Crane, becomes the first dumb ruler.
In order to bring contrast to the process of government and more vividly describe the position of the frogs, the authors of the fables choose the snake and the crane as the second kings, because both of them love to feast on frogs. A quiet and calm king was given, he was underestimated, he did not want a quiet and calm life, it seemed too boring and uninteresting to the frogs. And the other one was even worse. It is not for nothing that they say: "They do not seek good from good." “Live with him so that it doesn’t get worse for you!” Zeus warns the frogs.
The analysis of the fable “The Frogs Asking for a King” will help determine what the moral is in this fable. And it’s simple: you can’t change everything at once. It must be borne in mind that everything in nature has its development, but it happens gradually. If the frogs had been patient, they would have adapted to the block and even learned to derive great benefit from communicating with it. The essence of fable morality has not lost its relevance.
About rhyme, characters of heroes
A fable written by Ivan Andreevich Krylov ("The Frogs Asking for the Tsar"), in verse. The author has a very clear rhyme: sideways - prone, next to him - backwards, power - glory.
The main drawback that prevails in society and noted by the author is a painful passion for change, an unwillingness to accept the existing situation as it is, a desire to change one's former way of life without relying on the past and one's own experience. The frogs began to "dislike the rule of the people", "didn't like to live freely and freely."
The author's most vivid memorable phrases are: "cracked into the kingdom", "it seemed completely ignoble."
The main characters of the fable are frogs, they are in constant contact with Zeus and the changing kings. Because of the characteristic traits of character, they can be called:
- cowardly;
- obsequious to those who are much higher than them in status.
But as soon as they feel impunity, they immediately show their disdain for the king by turning their backs on him. Zeus is very attentive to all requests addressed to him.
- The king blockhead is sedate, silent, of great stature.
- A crane of a different disposition, does not like to pamper anyone and do indulgence to someone. It has two looks. This is a bird that eats frogs. A formidable king who punishes his subjects indiscriminately.
Nationality of the work
In the fable “The Frogs Asking for the Tsar”, morality can be replaced with well-known proverbs: “a titmouse in the hands is better than a crane in the sky”, “horses do not roam from feed”, “they do not seek good from good”.
Krylov always likes to show through laughter and gentle banter what moments are worth thinking about. And there are a great many of them in the fable.
As you know, people take bright expressions from famous works that they actively use in their everyday speech, thereby making these expressions winged, aphoristic. These phrases decorate the speaker's vocabulary. In addition, colloquial speech brings the work closer to the people. Here are some examples: “to help the grief”, “swallows like flies”, “not sticking your nose out”, “why - why”.
Krylov's views and their expression in fables
In any case, the phrase spoken by Zeus at the very end of the work makes an indelible impression. It sounds like this: "Live with him, so that it doesn't get worse for you!". Thus, the analysis of the fable "The Frogs Asking for the Tsar" allows us to say that this is a very sharp and acute topic, in which the author tried to express his negative attitude towards the ruling imperial elite as much as possible. The fabulist believed that there are no good kings, and each subsequent ruler will only get worse. During his creative life, the demon Ivan Andreevich Krylov wrote a lot: "The Frog Asking for the Tsar", "The Convoy" and others, in which, without fear of punishment, he boldly shows his attitude towards the Russian tsars.
Thus the moral of the fable can be applied to the present day. No matter how good the leader, the ruler - a person always expresses his dissatisfaction with his work and wants something new. And he may turn out to be a fake chump or a crane.
1. The connection of Krylov's work with the social life of Russia and the historical events that took place in Russia and Europe. 2. Events of 1812 and their reflection in the work of Krylov ("Wolf in the kennel", "Cat and Cook", "Crow and Chicken"). 3. Disadvantages of monarchical rule in the fable "The Frogs Asking for the Tsar". The outstanding Russian writer, fabulist I. A. Krylov was one of those who laid the foundations of realism in Russian literature. Behind the images of animals that have become the favorite characters of his fables, people with certain character traits are easily guessed; but the author's contemporaries correlated them with specific individuals. Many of Krylov's fables are a kind of response to historical events that were of great importance not only for Russia, but for the whole of Europe. The events of 1812 - the victory of Russian troops over the Napoleonic army - inspired many writers, including Krylov. One of his most famous fables dedicated to these events is "The Wolf in the Kennel".
In a witty and subtle manner, Krylov narrates about the peace proposals of the cornered Wolf (that is, Emperor Napoleon): “I, your old matchmaker and godfather, / Came to make peace with you, not at all for the sake of a quarrel; / Let's forget the past, set a common mood! Krylov sent this fable to Field Marshal Kutuzov, who read it to the troops. “You are gray, and I, buddy, am gray,” the Stalker says to the Wolf in the fable. The hint is obvious: the Russian commander was not young, and the gray frock coat of the emperor of the French was quite famous. This fable contains an unequivocal call to fight the enemy until the final victory: “... I have known your wolf nature for a long time; / Therefore, my custom: / With wolves otherwise do not make peace, / How to remove the skin from them off. The fable “The Cat and the Cook” ridicules the indecisiveness of Tsar Alexander I, while the Napoleonic army had already captured more than one European state, and the Emperor of France was preparing to attack Russia: do not spend in vain, /Where you need to use the power. Another fable dedicated to the war with Napoleon is "The Crow and the Hen". It tells about the surrender of Moscow to the French, but, like in all Krylov's fables, it contains an eternal meaning that does not depend on the era and historical events: “So often a person is blind and stupid in calculations. / For happiness, it seems you are rushing on your heels: / But how do you actually deal with him - / Caught like a crow in soup! The historical analogies of the fable "The Frogs Asking for a Tsar" are not so transparent and obvious. “The frogs did not like it / The board of the people ...” - with these words the fabulist begins his story. This beginning naturally gives rise to an association with the calling of the Varangian princes to Russia; however, further narration refutes such an assumption. There is no doubt that Prince Rurik, who managed to subjugate the heterogeneous Slavic tribes, cannot be compared with the aspen block from Krylov's fable. The answer that Jupiter gives to the repeated request of the frogs to give them a king gives rise to another assumption that we are talking about the accession of the Romanov dynasty, about Tsar Michael, who ascended the throne at a young age and did not have enough life experience and firmness of character necessary for the ruler, as well as about Tsar Peter Alekseevich, the beginning of whose reign was marked by streltsy riots, and whose decisive innovations caused dissatisfaction among many. However, it is rather difficult to draw a clear historical parallel; therefore, all that has been said about this fable should be considered only vague conjectures, nothing more. Something else is obvious: in this fable, Krylov shows us a very common feature of human nature - it is quickly fed up with calmness and peace, starting to look for unrest and confusion. The result is very often disastrous; people find what they are looking for, but it does not correspond at all to their ideas about this subject. As a result, the situation of people worsens due to their own efforts. They begin to grumble at Fate, at God, at anyone - but in vain. This is approximately the meaning of Krylov's fable "The Frogs Asking for the Tsar". Many other Krylov's fables can be correlated with specific events, but it seems that this is not the main thing at all. The genius of an artist of any era, first of all, is that the work will remain forever young, that is, relevant, after a long period of time - and always, as long as people live on earth.
Literature lesson in 8th grade.
Lesson topic: Life and work of I. A. Krylov.
Fable "The Frogs Asking for the King"
Lesson type: Learning new material.
Type of lesson: combined (conversation, presentation)
The purpose of the lesson is to develop the skills of independent work of students and public speaking with a message, the acquisition of experience in obtaining information.
Tasks :
Tutorials:
Continue to introduce students to the fables of I.A. Krylov.
Review and summarize knowledge about fables.
Pay attention to the language, winged expressions, proverbs and sayings.
Educators:
To form an emotional culture of the individual and the team.
Work on instilling a sense of responsibility for the common cause.
Build communication skills with peers.
Developing:
Work on the development of imagination and associative thinking.
Equipment:
Portrait of I.A. Krylov;
Photo of the monument to I.A. Krylov in the Summer Garden;
Exhibition of books by I.A. Krylov and about I.A. Krylov;
The epigraph to the lesson is the words of M. Isakovsky:
Who has not heard his living word?
Who in life has not met his own?
Immortal creations of Krylov
We love each year more and more.
DURING THE CLASSES.
1.Introduction by the teacher.
We already addressed the work of I.A. Krylov, a fabulist, poet and sage, the most educated person of his era, in the 5th grade. We got acquainted with various fables, terms related to this genre. In the 8th grade, we have more difficult work on the fables.
2. Activation of mental activity.
Compilation of the cluster "BASNYA"
3. Update.
1. QUIZ.
b) What was the name of Krylov's first literary work, written at the age of 15? (Comic opera "Coffee House" 1784)
d) In what year was the 1st collection of Krylov's fables published? (1809)
e) How many collections of fables were written by Krylov? (9).
g) From which Krylov's fables are these expressions taken:
- "He is a corruption, he is a plague, he is an ulcer of these places!" ("The Cat and the Cook").
- "God deliver us from such judges." ("The Donkey and the Nightingale").
- “Everything is gone: with a cold winter
The need, the hunger is coming." ("Dragonfly and Ant").
- "Let's forget the past, set a common mood." ("The wolf in the kennel").
- “No matter how useful a thing is, without knowing its price
The ignoramus about her tends to get worse all the time. ("The monkey and glasses").
- “That flattery is vile, harmful; but it's not all right." ("A Crow and a fox").
2. Working with terms
1. What is a FABLE?
A fable is a short allegorical moralizing story, often in verse. Every fable has a moral - an instructive conclusion.
2. MORAL of the fable?
The fable begins or ends with a moral - a conclusion (instruction), which explains the meaning of the fable.
3. What is ALLOY?
Every fable is an allegory. We are talking about animals, understand: about people.
4. Remember what is ALLEGORY?
ALLEGORY (Greek allegorein - "to speak differently") - an allegory, an interpretation of the hidden, secret meaning inherent in a work of art.
4.Reading textbook article.
In the history of Krylov's fable creativity, the first big event was the publication of the first fables in a magazine, and after that, the appearance of the first book of his fables in 1809.
In terms of content, the first book of Krylov's fables is the most interesting of all his fable collections. This is explained by the fact that here he purposefully pursues the same ideas, the same views on life as in the 18th century. Then Krylov convinced readers that the king is absolutely not needed to organize the life of the country. ("Mail of Spirits", "Kaib").In the same light, the king is displayed in the fables of the first book. Here he is in "The Frogs Asking for a King":
The king was marvelously given to them
Not fussy, not helicopter,
Powerful, silent and important;
Dorodostvost, the growth of a giant.
Well, look, it's a miracle!
One thing in the Tsar was only bad:
This king was an aspen block.
It is replaced by another, this one:
He does not like to spoil his people:
He eats the guilty, and at his trial
Nobody is right.
From morning to evening their King walks around the kingdom
And anyone he meets
Immediately sue and - swallow.
The frogs ask for a new king, but they receive an answer that the new one will be even worse: the best king is “an empty place”, there are “no and cannot be” good kings.
This is the sharpest and most socially sharp fable of Krylov's first book. In these years of the monarchy's dreams of a constitution, in the time of Speransky, Krylov allows himself to be more frank in the press than at any time in his life.
The frogs are unhappy
government of the people,
And it seemed to them not at all noble
Without service and free to live.
To help me burn
Then they began to ask the gods of the King.
Though it would not be akin to the gods to listen to all sorts of nonsense,
This time, however, Zeus listened to them:
Gave them a king...
Here, at the beginning of the fable "The Frogs Asking for the Tsar", Krylov, for the only time in his work, used the opportunity to express his ideal of state government, his preference for "people's government" over monarchical. Krylov says that this is nonsense: nonsense, absurdity - to exchange a free life, people's freedom for life under the yoke of infinitely increasing oppression. The gods, he writes, ought not to have listened to such nonsense. But they hurried, the king appeared ... and now, from one king to another, life is getting harder and harder. It is absurd to dream of a better life under some better, “good” king. Any new king will only get worse and worse. "So what's the solution?" - the reader may ask himself and remember, having read the fable to the end, about its beginning, about the free life of frogs under popular rule.
What new did you learn about the views of the great fabulist?
With whose name was the beginning of Krylov's fable creativity firmly associated?
What new fables did you learn about?
5..Acquaintance with the fable "The Frogs Asking for the Tsar". Presentation.
- An expressive reading of a fable.
6. Conversation
What is this fable about?
(Krylov expressed, for the only time, his ideal of state government, his preference for "people's government" over monarchical government).
What happens in the fable?
Why are we funny and sad at the same time?
(The frogs ask for a king: ... and from one king to another, life is getting harder and harder: “There is a great shortcoming in the Frogs every day. From morning to evening, their King walks around the kingdom. And whoever he does not meet, He will immediately sue - and will swallow it up." So, it is absurd to dream of a better life under some better, good king.)
What was the administration of the Kings who were sent to the Frogs?
What lines contain the moral of the fable?
Who pronounces it?
7. Analysis of the fable by I.A. Krylov "The Frogs Asking for the Tsar"
Working with the class according to this plan, writing notes in a notebook.
Plan:
1. Introduction.
Fables are a genre inherited from antiquity.
2.Main part
The main character of the fable is the frog:
a) the use of allegory;
b) who is meant by frogs?
3. Closing words of Jupiter - the moral of the fable.
Conclusion
Fables I.A. Krylova is a special satirical genre inherited from antiquity. In the era of classicism, fables belonged to the "low" genres, so they sounded like simple colloquial speech. The heroes of fables could be either people from the people, or animals, reflecting certain character traits.
In the fable "The Frogs Asking for a Tsar" the Frogs become heroes, but this, of course, is an allegory. Allegory - allegory - one of the characteristic features of the fable. The Frogs are people who ask the gods to give them a sovereign. Zeus gave them the King, but it was an aspen block that did not react to anything. Having rested from fear, the Frogs became bold and bold, and then did not put the new ruler in anything at all. Having asked Jupiter to give them another King, "truly for glory", they received the power of the Crane. Now another extreme awaited them: the Crane ate the guilty, "and there is no one right at his trial." Soon the Frogs repented of their desire and again prayed to Jupiter, “that even they can’t ... either stick their nose out or croak safely.” But now Jupiter does not make concessions.
Jupiter's concluding words are the moral of the fable, a brief instructive statement that contains the main meaning of the fable:
“... Was a King given to you? - so he was too quiet:
You rebelled in your puddle
Another is given to you - so this one is very dashing;
Live with him so that it doesn’t get worse for you!
This is a lesson for people: they want to change their lives through outside interference, not taking into account the fact that society should develop gradually, historically. Stupid Frogs proceed only from their ideas about power, but their mind is not enough to understand the need for a gradual development of social relations. For this they are punished by God. In the fable, the author uses colloquial and colloquial expressions: “cracked into the kingdom”, “from all the Frogs’ legs in fright they rushed about”, “here, more than ever, both croaking and groaning”, “swallows them like flies”. Many words and expressions are outdated (“Why didn’t you know how to live happily before?”). But the idea of Krylov's fable has not become outdated, it is still significant, it causes both sadness and laughter at the same time.
7.Summary of the lesson.
Note what we learned today? What was the peculiarity of the work in the lesson?
Let's note which of our goals we have not achieved? What was forgotten? What theoretical information do we need to repeat? What words need more work?
8. Differentiated homework:
1) The answer to the problematic question - What conclusion can we draw from reading Krylov's fable? What does she teach us?
2) Comparative analysis of the fables of Krylov and Lafantin on the topic of the lesson.
Leading task.:
Reading the fable "Convoy", find a historical basis.
