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Composition on the topic: Loyalty and betrayal

Loyalty and betrayal are two opposite extremes of the moral and ethical image of the individual. From a literary point of view, "fidelity" and "treason" in most works vividly and accurately characterize the actions of the characters. Whether it's "Anna Karenina" L. Tolstoy, "Eugene Onegin" or " Captain's daughter Pushkin - everywhere the problem of fidelity and betrayal is acute and multifaceted.

If we turn to modern reality, then on the one hand, noble behavior takes its basics from early childhood in a family atmosphere, on the other hand, human moral character is a full reflection of a person’s thinking and nature.

Of course, do not forget about loyalty to your family, relatives, loved ones and close people. Our inner circle accepts us for who we really are. This circle includes the closest people who will support us at any moment of our life, sincerely share the joys and troubles that have happened. Will definitely give advice and share their own personal experience. We must respect the people close to us and cherish them very much, as well as their presence in our lives.

Therefore, native people, like no one else, deserve a faithful and devoted attitude. We must always support them and never betray them. As various literary sources say, even our ancestors sang in folk art the significance, strength and indivisibility of the family circle. Every person who has a number of people who love, appreciate and respect him is considered rich. He seems to grow wings from the support he receives and he wants to conquer new heights.

Every person who has an adequate consciousness must necessarily possess the qualities that are inherent in fidelity. This concept decorates and greatly exalts the appearance of a person. It is also worth noting that all these feelings cannot be forcibly instilled. Boring notations and moralizing are not helpers in this matter. The concept of "fidelity" is born in the very depths of the soul at the birth of each person. And his fidelity can be judged by the actions he performs, the train of thought and, in general, by the chosen course of life, discarding all eloquent sayings. But, you should not consider loyalty as a kind of starting position in life position. In fact, loyalty is a generous tribute to sincere and genuine love.

Only love can restore human soul endless respect and complete readiness for self-sacrifice. Own thought contributes to the formation of individuality. Thanks to the fact that you have your own position, you can significantly stand out among the crowd and not succumb to public opinion. In this case, no one will be able to impose other people's thoughts on us. That is why it is very important to be true to yourself.

After betrayal, you no longer want to trust anyone, a devoted person begins to look for a catch in everything. It is worth focusing on the behavior of the traitor, how he behaves. Does it explain why this happened? Does he ask for forgiveness? Everything happens in this life and no one is immune from mistakes. It may even be that, due to life circumstances or under the influence of someone else's opinion, we do not deliberately substitute another person. The most important thing is to come to your senses in time, sincerely repent and ask for forgiveness. If you can really find an excuse for the perfect, then you can forgive a person, giving him one more chance to fix everything and return honest and trusting relationships.

No need to close, life goes on, so you need to move on. First of all, we are all human and should be patient with each other. Our life, so, is filled with all sorts of difficulties of a different nature, so you need to treat loving and beloved people with great respect and reverence.

In the context of this open direction, it would be appropriate to think of loyalty and betrayal as radically opposite manifestations of human nature. It is recommended to analyze the categories of betrayal and fidelity from the moral, ethical, philosophical, psychological points of view, as well as referring to everyday realities and works of literature.

The categories of "fidelity" and "treason" occupy a key role in the plots of many works from different eras and characterize the thoughts and deeds of heroes in situations of moral choice, both in personal relationships and in the social aspect.

Topics and questions that can be considered within the framework of the direction "Loyalty and betrayal"

What does loyalty mean?
What does betrayal lead to?
How do you think loyalty and love are related?
How do you think loyalty and friendship are related?
What is the danger of cheating?
Confirm or refute W. Churchill's statement: "The man who never changes his mind is stupid."
Can betrayal be forgiven?
What are the causes of betrayal and betrayal?
When does a choice arise between loyalty and betrayal?
How do you understand the word "loyalty"?
Is it important to be true to the word? What pushes a person to cheat?
Do you agree with the statement: "A traitor and a coward are a berry of the same field"
What qualities should a true friend have?
How do you understand Plutarch's saying: "Traitors betray themselves first of all"?
How does betrayal affect relationships?
“Is it possible to run away from yourself, leaving your homeland?” Horace What is the worst betrayal?
Do you agree with the statement: “Trust is a sign of courage, and loyalty is a sign of strength”?
Do you agree with the statement “Whoever has never sworn allegiance will never break it”? (August Platen)
Can a noble heart be unfaithful?
Is it possible to deal with a person who cannot be trusted?
Confirm or refute the words of F. Schiller: "True love helps to endure all hardships"?
How do you understand the words: “In order to preserve love, one must not change, but change”? (K. Melikhan)
Do you agree with the statement of N. Chernyshevsky: "For treason to the Motherland, an extreme baseness of the soul is needed"?
Is it possible to be a hero fighting against the motherland?
Is it possible to call a dog the most faithful friend?
Why is cheating on a friend much more painful than cheating on a loved one?
Do you agree with Lope de Vega's dictum, "Cheadying a friend is a crime without justification, without forgiveness"?
Can it be argued that the loyalty of a friend is “the most precious thing that can be given to a person at all”? (E. Telman)
How do you understand the saying of V. Hugo: "Half friend - half traitor"?
How do you understand the meaning of the saying: "An unfaithful friend is like a shadow that drags behind you while the sun is shining."
Do you need to be true to yourself? Is the statement of L. Sukhorukov true: “Who is faithful only to himself, is always unfaithful with others”?
Do you agree with the saying: “He who never changes his mind loves himself more than the truth”? (Joseph Joubert)
Why do you think traitors betray themselves first of all?
How do you understand the saying: “To be authentic means to be true to yourself”? (Osho)
Do you agree with the statement of A.P. Chekhov: “Loyalty is that quality that people have lost, but dogs have kept”?
Do you agree with folk wisdom: True friend better than a hundred servants?
Is the statement true: “Whoever has experienced affection for a faithful and intelligent dog, there is no need to explain how gratefully she pays for it”?
Can loyalty bring disappointment to a person?

More topics:
Patriotism is loyalty to the motherland.
Can you be true to others while still being true to yourself?
Loyalty as the basis of honesty and honor.
Treason - is it betrayal or loyalty to your interests?
Forgiveness of betrayal - is it a recognition of the correctness of the traitor, your own weakness or love?

Loyalty is when a person does not change his promises, words, relationships. It is based on responsibility, perseverance, honesty, courage, sacrifice. The exact opposite of loyalty is treason. Cheating is a violation of allegiance to someone or something. V human life not the last role is played by both one and the other phenomenon. The theme of "Loyalty and betrayal" is touched upon by many authors of great works of different centuries.

The problem of fidelity and betrayal in lyrical works. We see one example of betrayal in the work of Leo Tolstoy "Anna Karenina". The main character of the novel was faithful to her husband, but really fell in love with Vronsky. She cheated on her husband and was ready to give everything to be happy. But mental suffering forced her to commit suicide, she threw herself under the train.

A striking example of fidelity is presented in William Shakespeare's famous tragedy Romeo and Juliet. The author showed us great love which is not afraid even of death. Children of militant families, contrary to the decrees of their parents, meet with each other. And on a tragic day, Juliet, having learned that her lover has died, stabs herself to death. The lovers leave this world together, they don't know what treason is!

Treason can be not only in relation to a person, but also to the native land. We observe such a betrayal in the story of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol "Taras Bulba". Younger son Taras - Andriy was a very gentle person by nature. He fell in love with a beautiful lady and betrayed his homeland: “What about my father, comrades and fatherland?” But Taras Bulba has always been true to the idea. And he could not forgive the betrayal of his own son. That's why everything ends famous phrase: "I gave birth to you, I will kill you!".

I believe that every person, first of all, must be true to himself. You have to trust your heart, your soul. By understanding ourselves, we can learn to understand other people.

Together with the article “An essay on the topic“ Loyalty and betrayal ”they read:

How do you understand the word "loyalty"?

What is loyalty? In my opinion, this word can be understood in different ways depending on the situation. If we are talking O love relationships, then fidelity is, first of all, steadfastness and immutability in one's feelings, readiness to be with a loved one in any situation.

Thus, N.A. Nekrasov’s poem “Russian Women” tells about Princess Trubetskoy, who followed her Decembrist husband to Siberia. The governor of Irkutsk dissuades her, describing the difficulties she will face: the harsh climate, the need to live in the barracks with convicts, poor and coarse food, the upcoming renunciation of all the rights and privileges of a noble person. However, the heroine is not afraid of his words. She is ready to do anything to be close to her husband, to share with him both joy and sorrow. To all warnings, she replies: I am a woman, a wife!

Let my fate be bitter

I will be faithful to her!

We see that Princess Trubetskoy personifies loyalty and devotion to a loved one.

The word "loyalty" can also be understood as perseverance in the performance of duties, duty, for example, to the Motherland. The defender of the Fatherland, soldier or officer, is obliged to remain faithful to the oath, not to change it, no matter what happens.

An example is Pyotr Grinev, the hero of A.S. Pushkin's work "The Captain's Daughter". When the Belogorsk fortress was captured by Pugachev, all officers were offered to go over to the side of the rebels. In case of refusal, a tragic fate awaited them - to be hanged. The author shows that, faced with a choice, Pyotr Grinev was ready to part with his life, but remain faithful to the oath. Later, he also refuses the offer of Pugachev, who promised to welcome him with high titles: “I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” The writer emphasizes that above all for the hero was honor, loyalty to military duty.

Thus, we can conclude: the word "loyalty" implies devotion to someone or something: a loved one, the Fatherland, duty.

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What act can be called treason?

What act can be called treason? Of course, everyone will answer this question in their own way. I will try to formulate my point of view. In my opinion, treason is such actions as betraying a loved one, in wartime - going over to the side of the enemy. Let me give you a few examples to support my words.

Recall the story of N.M. Karamzin “ Poor Lisa". The main character, a simple peasant girl, fell in love with a young nobleman named Erast with all her heart. He, too, seemed to find his ideal in Liza. However, the happiness did not last long. The author shows that soon the passion in the hero's heart gave way to boredom and cooling. Moreover, having lost at cards, he decided to improve his position by marrying a wealthy elderly widow. He did not say a word about his intentions to Lisa, moreover, he deceived her, saying that he was going to the army and would certainly return to her. She only found out the truth by accident. This was such a hard blow for her that the girl committed suicide out of desperation. Erast's act, of course, can be called treason, because he betrayed the feelings of the girl who loved him, acted dishonorably, lying to her and secretly marrying another.

Another example of treason is the act of Rybak from V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov". The work tells about two partisans who were captured by the police. If Sotnikov courageously withstood torture and accepted death with honor, then Rybak, on the contrary, from the first minutes in captivity, only thought about how to save his own life. He was ready to do anything for this: give away the location of the partisan detachment, go over to the side of the enemies, personally execute a comrade. By doing so, he betrayed his comrade, despised the duty of the defender of the Fatherland, betrayed the Motherland.

Thus, we can come to the conclusion: treason can be called such actions, which are based on betrayal. By changing, a person betrays the trust of loved ones, comrades, sacrifices duty and honor.

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What can push a person to cheat?

What can push a person to cheat? It seems that there can be many reasons that prompted a person to commit betrayal. It can be greed, and fear for one's life, cowardice, weakness of character. Let's look at a few examples.

So, in the story of N.M. Karamzin "Poor Lisa" we see a young nobleman Erast, who won the heart of a simple peasant woman Lisa. The author shows that after some time Erast cheated on his beloved: going to the army, he promised the girl to return, but in reality he left her forever. Moreover, having lost almost all his estate in cards, he decided to improve his affairs by marrying rich woman. What prompted Erast to such an unseemly act? This is self-interest, because he did not want to lose his fortune and settle for poverty. At the same time, selfishness can also be considered the cause of treason. young man, who thought only about himself and his interests, not caring at all about the impact his act would have on Lisa, who was devoted to him with all his heart. Erast treated the girl as a thing that could be thrown away as unnecessary, and did not think that for her his behavior would be a mortal blow, eventually ending her life (the reader will learn that Lisa committed suicide after learning about the betrayal of her beloved) . Greed and selfishness - that's what pushed him to treason.

Let us now turn to the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov". We see a partisan named Rybak, who, falling into the hands of the enemy, decides to betray: he is ready to betray the location of the partisan detachment to the enemies, serve in the police, even take part in the execution of a comrade. What pushed him to betray the Motherland and the duty of the defender of the Fatherland? First of all, fear for your life. Cowardice, weakness of character determines his actions. The fisherman wants to live at all costs. For him, this is more important than duty to the motherland, honor, camaraderie. He thinks only of himself, he is easily ready to sacrifice others in order to save himself. This is also selfishness, which can be considered the cause of betrayal in this case.

Summing up, we can come to the conclusion: different reasons push a person to betray, but they are always based on selfishness, concern only for their own interests, neglect of the lives of other people.

What do you understand by the expression "fidelity to duty"?

How do I understand the expression "fidelity to duty"? In my opinion, the meaning of this expression is revealed when it comes to military duty. For the defender of the Motherland, this is, first of all, the readiness to fulfill one's duty in any situation, to be ready to give one's life if necessary. Let me illustrate what has been said with a few examples.

So, in the work of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" main character Petr Grinev demonstrates fidelity to duty. When Pugachev captured the Belogorsk fortress, all its defenders were asked to go over to the side of the rebels. Otherwise, they were executed. The author shows that Pyotr Grinev, just like the commandant of the fortress, refused to become a traitor and was ready to accept death, but not change his oath. Only a happy accident saved the hero from the gallows. Later, Pugachev again offers Grinev to go to his service, to which he resolutely refuses: “I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” When Pugachev asks him at least not to fight against him, Grinev again answers in the negative: “How can I promise you this? ... You know, it's not my will: they tell me to go against you - I'll go, there's nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse service when my service is needed? We see that the hero shows loyalty to military duty: he does not change his oath, even risking his life.

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Margarita Mikhailovna came from the Naryshkin family, her mother was from the Volkonsky family. Margarita's parents were wealthy people and were able to give their daughter a good education. Even as a child, Margarita fasted so much that her mother called her “my nun.”

At this time, a certain Lasunsky shone in the high society drawing rooms. His mother was friends with the Naryshkins and soon managed to convince Margarita's parents that only her son could provide their daughter with a decent life. The 16-year-old girl did not yet know how to understand people, and Lasunsky was so attractive ...

However, after the wedding, everything gradually opened up. Margarita saw that she had become the wife of a depraved cynic and a liar. Not at all embarrassed, he continued to lead a wild life, and Margarita did not dare to tell her parents the truth. At the same time, she met a young officer of the Revel regiment, Alexander Andreevich Tuchkov.

Alexander Tuchkov, the youngest of the four brother generals, was one of the men of that high level of duty and honor on which the Russian army was based. Contemporaries wrote that rarely did external and internal virtues combine in such absolute harmony as in the young Tuchkov. In the portrait that hangs in the gallery of heroes of 1812 in the Hermitage, he, a military officer, looks like a poet, inspired and dreamy. This charm of his beautiful appearance is also reflected in the poem of Marina Tsvetaeva:

Ah, on the half-erased engraving,

In one glorious moment

I met, Tuchkov-fourth,

Your gentle face.

And your fragile figure

And gold medals...

And I, kissing the engraving,

Didn't know sleep.

Perhaps love between them was born already then. But she was destined to test ...

The adventures of her husband could not long remain unknown to Margarita's parents. Everything was revealed, and the parents, horrified, began to petition the tsar and the Synod for a divorce. This was a complicated procedure, since in Russia at that time these issues were resolved on the very high level. As a result, permission was obtained.

Soon after Margarita's divorce, Tuchkov asked her parents for her hand, but they, fearing to make a mistake again, refused: “Should she think about a new marriage?”

Margarita collapsed in a fever. They were separated not only by parental will, but also by Alexander's departure abroad. He left without saying goodbye...

But one day Margarita was given a small envelope. On the blue sheet were verses written in French, each stanza ending with the words: “Who owns my heart? Beautiful Margarita!

Only 4 years later, in 1806, the parents agreed to the marriage. Margarita was 25 years old, Alexander - 29. They say that on the day of the wedding, the holy fool gave her the abbot's staff with the words: "Take it, mother Mary!" And in vain were Margarita's words that she was not called that. She was already destined to become Mary ...

The bitterness of the first marriage made Margarita more mature, helped her learn to love. Margarita Mikhailovna loved Alexander so much that she accompanied him even on military campaigns to the horror of family and friends. Yes, the wives of Russian generals were allowed to follow their husbands along the front roads, but how few took advantage of this opportunity!

During the Swedish campaign, she earned great respect among the soldiers due to her virtue. Together with her husband, she participated in the famous passage of the Russian army through the frozen Gulf of Bothnia. About this transition, Barclay de Tolly wrote: "The transition was the most difficult, the soldiers walked through deep snow, often above the knees." The difficulties incurred by the Russian alone can only be overcome.

In 1811, the son of Nikolai was born to the Tuchkovs. At that time, her husband's regiment was stationed in the Minsk province. Here Margarita Tuchkova had a wonderful vision, which many of her relatives knew about. She dreamed that she was in an unfamiliar town and there were inscriptions everywhere - Borodino. Her father and brother come in and say: "Your husband fell with a sword in his hands on the fields of Borodino," and they serve her son with the words - "That's all that's left of your Alexander." In her sleep, the woman screamed in terror. The husband, worried, ordered to bring the map, but not finding such a place on the map, the couple calmed down.

but family happiness did not last long. In June 1812, Napoleon's hordes invaded Russia and General Tuchkov was ordered to march on Smolensk. Fate wanted Alexander Tuchkov (together with his two brothers) to be a participant in the Battle of Borodino. In the Battle of Borodino near the Ognika stream near the village of Semenovskaya, Tuchkov was to lead his regiment under heavy fire from enemy batteries. Shouting to the soldiers who hesitated in horror: "Are you standing? I'll go alone!" He grabbed the banner and rushed forward. Before he could take a few steps, the buckshot hurt his chest. Many nuclei and bombs, having fallen on the place of the death of the general and blasted the ground, buried the body of the hero.

It happened on August 26, 1812. Having learned about the fate of her sons - Nikolai was mortally wounded, Pavel was captured, Alexander was killed - their mother, Elena Yakovlevna, knelt down without a cry or tears, said: “Your, Lord, will ...” Then she asked to raise her: eyes not seen again. Find the best doctor. But she said, “Don't. I have no one else to look at...” Women of old Russia... How much do we know about them? And why do we so rarely ask a simple question: where did they come from - a brilliant series of heroes of 1812, the Decembrists, people of art, writers and poets, pioneers of science, brave earth and seafarers, statesmen- all those to whom Russia owes its strong and mighty state? Why do we forget that they are all children of their mothers, brought up by their love, taught by their word and example?

The news of the death of her husband, which came on the name day of Margarita Mikhailovna, almost drove the woman crazy: everything happened, as in a vision. Fyodor Glinka in his "Sketches of the Battle of Borodino" recalls that two figures wandered around the night field: a male in monastic attire and a female, among huge bonfires, on which the peasants of the surrounding villages with blackened faces burned the bodies of the dead (to avoid epidemics). They were Tuchkova and her companion, an old hermit monk from the Luzhetsky Monastery. Her husband's body was never found. About twenty thousand dead were lying near the Semenov flushes! For a long time she refused to believe that her husband was no more.

The thought that her husband was not buried with dignity haunted Margarita Mikhailovna. In 1816, she petitioned Emperor Alexander to build a church on the site of the death of General Tuchkov. The emperor allowed and donated 10,000 rubles for the construction. In 1820, a small church of the Savior Not Made by Hands in the style of classicism was consecrated near the Semyonovsky fleches. (These flashes are known as the Bagrationovs, as General P.I. Bagration was mortally wounded here.)

In 1820, the Borodino Spaso-Borodino Church was consecrated, and became the first monument to the soldiers who died in the Battle of Borodino.

In 1826, Margarita Mikhailovna was visited by new troubles: at the age of 15, her son Nikolai died, and her brother Mikhail was exiled to Siberia for participating in the Decembrist conspiracy. Margarita Mikhailovna buried her son under the Church of the Savior, and she herself settled in wooden house against. There, living a pious life, she helped the widows of the dead and the simple poor, took care of the sick, and through her efforts an almshouse was set up for the disabled of the past war.

During a horseback ride, Margarita Tuchkova met a cart carrying a moaning woman. The driver explained that her husband, a drunkard, was constantly beating her and her two daughters. Margarita took the woman and her daughters to her place and built a house for them. Soon a women's community began to form around. Then Margarita Tuchkova freed all the peasants in her Tula estate and sold half of the estate in the Yaroslavl province for 20 thousand rubles. The proceeds from the sale were used to support the community.

It can be seen that she lived a monastic life, since maidens and widows (of which there were many after the war) began to settle near her house, desiring prayerful silence. In 1833, at the request of Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow (Drozdov), a cenobitic desert was registered. By 1839, a complete ensemble of monastic buildings was erected, including the winter church of Philaret the Merciful. In 1836, Margarita Tuchkova cut her hair into a cassock with the name of Melania, and in 1840 - into a mantle with the name of Maria. Mother Mary laid the foundation for the walls of the monastery and the local tradition of eldership: for advice and spiritual help, not only the sisters of the monastery, but also peasants from the surrounding villages flocked to the abbess's house for advice and spiritual help.

In the first years of her monastic life, Mother Superior Maria wore chains, but this caused great damage to her health, so at the request of Metropolitan Filaret, she took them off. She imposed them on herself only when quarrels arose between the sisters or it was necessary to pray for a seriously sinned one. When the abbess was reproached for excessive indulgence towards the sisters, she explained: “Severity does not correct anyone, but hardens and teaches deceit and lies ... Do I dare to explain my feelings by the word of the Apostle, but, truly, which of you is exhausted, and I am exhausted with toy."

Before last days Abbess Maria lived in a house opposite the tomb of her husband and son. As if anticipating her death, shortly before her death, she burned her husband's letters to her, not wanting strangers to read them.

Abbess Maria died on April 29, 1852, at the age of 72, and was buried in the same Church of the Savior. The sorrow of the sisters for the deceased abbess was so strong that during the burial they could not sing because of tears, and the burial was performed without the usual choral singing. An old man from Semyonovsky recalled: “I lived in this world for many years, but I have never seen such a disease of the soul. When she died, both in the monastery and in the surrounding villages, there was a groan, because she was our mother to all of us.